Hatchetsstillcontinuedtobecalledforwithredoubledeagerness,whichrathersurprisedus,asformerlytheyhadalwaysbeenacceptedwithindifference.ButBaneelonhadprobablydemonstratedtothemtheirsuperiorityoverthoseoftheirownmanufacturing.Toappeasetheirimportunity,thegovernorgavethemaknife,somebread,pork,andotherarticles,andpromisedthatintwodayshewouldreturnhither,andbringwithhimhatchetstobedistributedamongthem,whichappearedtodiffusegeneralsatisfaction.
　　Baneelon'sloveofwinehasbeenmentioned;andthegovernor,totrywhetheritstillsubsisted,uncorkedabottle,andpouredoutaglassofit,whichtheotherdrankoffwithhisformermarksofrelishandgoodhumour,givingforatoast,ashehadbeentaught,"TheKing."
　　Ourpartynowadvancedfromthebeachbut,perceivingmanyoftheIndiansfilingofftotherightandleft,soasinsomemeasuretosurroundthem,theyretreatedgentlytotheiroldsituation,whichproducedneitheralarmoroffence.Theothersbydegreesalsoresumedtheirformerposition.
　　Averyfinebarbedspearofuncommonsizebeingseenbythegovernor,heaskedforit.ButBaneelon,insteadofcomplyingwiththerequest,tookitaway,andlaiditatsomedistance,andbroughtbackathrowing-stick,whichhepresentedtohisexcellency.
　　Mattershadproceededinthisfriendlytrainformorethanhalfanhour,whenanative,withaspearinhishand,cameforward,andstoppedatthedistanceofbetweentwentyandthirtyyardsfromtheplacewherethegovernor,Mr.Collins,LieutenantWaterhouse,andaseamanstood.
　　Hisexcellencyheldouthishand,andcalledtohim,advancingtowardshimatthesametime,Mr.Collinsfollowingclosebehind.Heappearedtobeamanofmiddleage,shortofstature,sturdy,andwellset,seeminglyastranger,andbutlittleacquaintedwithBaneelonandColbee.Thenearerthegovernorapproached,thegreaterbecametheterrorandagitationoftheIndian.Toremovehisfear,governorPhillipthrewdownadirk,whichheworeathisside.Theother,alarmedattherattleofthedirk,andprobablymisconstruingtheaction,instantlyfixedhislanceinhisthrowing-stick*.
　　[*Suchpreparationisequaltowhatcockingagun,anddirectingitatitsobject,wouldbewithus.Tolaunchthespear,ortotouchthetrigger,onlyremains.]
　　Toretreat,hisexcellencynowthoughtwouldbemoredangerousthantoadvance.
　　Hethereforecriedouttotheman,Weeeree,Weeree,bad;youaredoingwrong
　　displayingatthesametime,everytokenofamityandconfidence.
　　Thewordshad,however,hardlygoneforth,whentheIndian,steppingbackwithonefoot,aimedhislancewithsuchforceanddexterity,thatstriking*
　　thegovernor'srightshoulder,justabovethecollar-bone,thepointglancingdownward,cameoutathisback,havingmadeawoundofmanyincheslong.Themanwasobservedtokeephiseyesteadilyfixedonthelanceuntilitstruckitsobject,whenhedirectlydashedintothewoodsandwasseennomore.
　　[*Hisexcellencydescribedtheshocktomeassimilartoaviolentblow,withsuchenergywastheweaponthrown.]
　　Instantconfusiononbothsidestookplace.BaneelonandColbeedisappearedandseveralspearswerethrownfromdifferentquarters,thoughwithouteffect.
　　Ourpartyretreatedasfastastheycould,callingtothosewhowereleftintheboat,tohastenupwithfirearms.Asituationmoredistressingthanthatofthegovernor,duringthetimethatthislasted,cannotreadilybeconceived:thepoleofthespear,notlessthantenfeetinlength,stickingoutbeforehim,andimpedinghisflight,thebuttfrequentlystrikingtheground,andlaceratingthewound.InvaindidMr.Waterhousetrytobreakit;andthebarb,whichappearedontheotherside,forbadeextraction,untilthatcouldbeperformed.Atlengthitwasbroken,andhisexcellencyreachedtheboat,bywhichtimetheseamenwiththemusketshadgotup,andwereendeavouringtofirethem,butoneonlywouldgooff,andthereisnoroomtobelievethatitwasattendedwithanyexecution.
　　Whenthegovernorgothome,thewoundwasexamined.Ithadbledagooddealintheboat,anditwasdoubtfulwhetherthesubclavianarterymightnotbedivided.Onmovingthespear,itwasfound,however,thatitmightbesafelyextracted,whichwasaccordinglyperformed.
　　ApprehensionforthesafetyofthepartywhohadgonetoBrokenBay,nowtookplace.LieutenantLong,withadetachmentofmarines,wasimmediatelysenttoescortthemback,lestanyambushmightbelaidbythenativestocutthemoff.WhenMr.LongreachedManlyCove,thesunhadset;however,hepursuedhiswayinthedark,scramblingoverrocksandthickets,aswellashecould,untiltwoo'clockonthefollowingmorning,whenheovertookthemataplacewheretheyhadhaltedtosleep,abouthalf-waybetweenthetwoharbours.
　　Atday-breaktheyallreturned,andweresurprisedtofindtracksinthesandofthefeetoftheIndians,almostthewholewayfromtheplacewheretheyhadslepttotheCove.Bythisitshouldseemasiftheselasthadsecretlyfollowedthem,probablywithhostileintentionsbut,ondiscoveringtheirstrength,andthattheywereontheirguard,hadabandonedtheirdesign.
　　OnreachingManlyCove,threeIndianswereobservedstandingonarock,withwhomtheyenteredintoconversation.TheIndiansinformedthem,thatthemanwhohadwoundedthegovernorbelongedtoatriberesidingatBrokenBay,andtheyseemedhighlytocondemnwhathehaddone.
　　Ourgentlemenaskedthemforaspear,whichtheyimmediatelygave.
　　Theboat'screwsaidthatBaneelonandColbeehadjustdeparted,afterafriendlyintercourse.Liketheothers,theyhadpretendedhighlytodisapprovetheconductofthemanwhohadthrownthespear,vowingtoexecutevengeanceuponhim.
　　Fromthistime,untilthe14th,nocommunicationpassedbetweenthenativesandus.Onthatday,thechaplainandlieutenantDawes,havingAbaroowiththeminaboat,learnedfromtwoIndiansthatWileemarinwasthenameofthepersonwhohadwoundedthegovernor.Thesetwopeopleinquiredkindlyhowhisexcellencydid,andseemedpleasedtohearthathewaslikelytorecover.TheysaidthattheywereinhabitantsofRoseHill,andexpressedgreatdissatisfactionatthenumberofwhitemenwhohadsettledintheirformerterritories.Inconsequenceofwhichdeclaration,thedetachmentatthatpostwasreinforcedonthefollowingday.
　　Ahazardousenterprisebutwhenlibertyisthestake,whatenterpriseistoohazardousforitsattainment!wasundertakeninthismonthbyfiveconvictsatRoseHill,who,inthenight,seizedasmallpuntthere,andproceededinhertotheSouthHead,whencetheyseizedandcarriedoffaboat,appropriatedtotheuseofthelookouthouse,andputtoseainher,doubtlesswithaviewofreachinganyporttheycouldarriveat,andassertingtheirfreedom.Theyhadallcomeoutinthelastfleet;andforsometimeprevioustotheirelopement,hadbeencollectingfishingtackle,andhoardingupprovisions,toenablethemtoputtheirschemeintoexecution*.
　　[*Theyhaveneversincebeenheardof.Beforetheywentaway,theytriedinvaintoprocurefirearms.Iftheywerenotswallowedbythesea,probablytheywerecutoffbythenatives,onsomepartofthecoastwheretheirnecessitiesobligedthemtoland.]
　　CHAPTERIX.
　　TransactionsoftheColonyinpartofSeptemberandOctober,1790.
　　FromsounfavourableanomenasIhavejustrelated,whocouldprognosticatethatanintercoursewiththenativeswasabouttocommence!Thatthefoundationofwhatneitherentreaty,munificence,orhumanity,couldinduce,shouldbelaidbyadeed,whichthreatenedtoaccumulatescenesofbloodshedandhorrorwasaconsequencewhichneitherspeculationcouldpredict,orhopeexpecttoseeaccomplished.
　　Onthe15thafirebeingseenonthenorthshoreoftheharbour,apartyofourpeoplewentthither,accompaniedbyNanbareeandAbaroo.TheyfoundthereBaneelon,andseveralothernatives,andmuchcivilitypassed,whichwascementedbyamutualpromisetomeetintheafternoonatthesameplace.Bothsideswerepunctualtotheirengagement,andnoobjectionbeingmadetoourlanding,apartyofuswentashoretothemunarmed.
　　Severallittlepresents,whichhadbeenpurposelybrought,weredistributedamongthem;andtoBaneelonweregivenahatchetandafish.Atadistancestoodsomechildren,who,thoughatfirsttimorousandunwillingtoapproach,weresoonpersuadedtoadvance,andjointhemen.
　　Abottleofwinewasproduced,andBaneelonimmediatelypreparedforthecharge.Breadandbeefhecalledloudlyfor,whichweregiventohim,andhebegantoeat,offeringapartofhisfaretohiscountrymen,twoofwhomtastedthebeef,butnoneofthemwouldtouchthebread.
　　Havingfinishedhisrepast,hemadeamotiontobeshaved,andabarberbeingpresent,hisrequestwascompliedwith,tothegreatadmirationofhiscountrymen,wholaughedandexclaimedattheoperation.Theywouldnot,however,consenttoundergoit,butsufferedtheirbeardstobeclippedwithapairofscissors.
　　Onbeingaskedwheretheirwomenwere,theypointedtothespot,butseemednotdesirousthatweshouldapproachit.However,inafewminutes,afemaleappearednotfaroff,andAbaroowasdispatchedtoher.
　　BaneelonnowjoinedwithAbarootopersuadehertocometous,tellingusshewasBarangaroo,andhiswife,notwithstandinghehadsolatelypretendedthatshehadlefthimforColbee.Atlengthsheyielded,andAbaroo,havingfirstputapetticoatonher,broughthertous.Butthiswasthepruderyofthewilderness,whichherhusbandjoinedustoridicule,andwesoonlaughedheroutofit.Thepetticoatwasdroppedwithhesitation,andBarangaroostood"armedcap-a-peeinnakedness."AttherequestofBaneelon,wecombedandcutherhair,andsheseemedpleasedwiththeoperation.Wineshewouldnottaste,butturnedfromitwithdisgust,thoughheartilyinvitedtodrinkbytheexampleandpersuasionofBaneelon.
　　Inshort,shebehavedsowell,andassumedthecharacterofgentlenessandtimiditytosuchadvantage,thathadouracquaintanceendedhere,averymoderateshareofthespiritoftravellingwouldhavesufficedtorecord,thatamidstahordeofroamingsavages,inthedesertwastesofNewSouthWales,mightbefoundasmuchfeminineinnocence,softness,andmodestyallowingforinevitabledifferenceofeducation,asthemostfinishedsystemcouldbestow,orthemostpolishedcircleproduce.
　　Solittlefittedarewetojudgeofhumannatureatonce!Andyetonsuchgroundshavecountriesbeendescribed,andnationscharacterized.
　　Hencehavearisenthosespeculativeandlaboriouscompositionsontheadvantagesandsuperiorityofastateofnature.Buttoresumemysubject.
　　Supposing,thatbyaprivateconversation,shemightbeinducedtovisitSydney,whichwouldbethemeansofdrawingherhusbandandothersthither,Abaroowasinstructedtotakeheraside,andtryifshecouldpersuadehertocomplywithourwish.Theywanderedawaytogetheraccordingly,butitwassoonseen,thatBarangaroo'sargumentstoinduceAbarootorejointheirsociety,weremorepowerfulthanthoseofthelatter,toprevailuponhertocomeamongus;foritwasnotwithoutmanifestreluctance,andoftenrepeatedinjunctions,thatAbaroowouldquithercountrywomen;andwhenshehaddoneso,shesatintheboat,insullensilence,evidentlyoccupiedbyreflectiononthesceneshehadleftbehind,andreturninginclinationtoherformerhabitsoflife.
　　Norwasacircumstancewhichhadhappenedinthemorninginterview,perhaps,whollyunrememberedbythegirl.WehadhintedtoBaneelontoprovideahusbandforher,whoshouldbeatlibertytopassandrepasstoandfromSydney,ashemightchoose.Therewasatthetime,aslenderfinelookingyouthincompany,calledImeerawanyee,aboutsixteenyearsold.
　　Thelad,onbeinginvited,cameimmediatelyuptoher,andofferedmanyblandishments,whichprovedthathehadassumedthe'togavirilis'.
　　ButAbaroodisclaimedhisadvances,repeatingthenameofanotherperson,whoweknewwasherfavourite.Theyoungloverwasnot,however,easilyrepulsed,butrenewedhissuit,onourreturnintheafternoon,withsuchwarmthofsolicitation,astocauseanevidentalterationinthesentimentsofthelady.
　　Toheightenthegoodhumourwhichpervadedbothparties,webegantoplayandrompwiththem.Featsofbodilystrengthweretried,andtheirinferioritywasglaring.Oneofourpartyliftedwitheasetwoofthemfromtheground,inspiteoftheireffortstopreventhim,whereasinreturn,nooneofthemcouldmovehim.Theycalledhim'murreemulla'
　　alargestrongman.ComparedwithourEnglishlabourers,theirmuscularpowerwouldappearveryfeebleandinadequate.
　　Beforeweparted,Baneeloninformedusthathiscountrymenhadlatelybeenplunderedoffish-gigs,spears,asword,andmanyotherarticles,bysomeofourpeople,andexpressedawishthattheyshouldberestored,promising,thatiftheywere,thegovernor'sdirkshouldbeproducedandreturnedtousto-morrow,ifwewouldmeethimhere.
　　Accordinglyonthefollowingdaywerowedtothespot,carryingwithusthestolenproperty.Wefoundhereseveralnatives,butnotBaneelon.
　　Weaskedforhim,andweretoldthathewasgonedowntheharbourwithBarangarootofish.Althoughdisappointedathisbreachofpromise,wewentonshore,andmingledwithoutdistrustamongthosewefound,acquaintingthemthatwehadbroughtwithusthearticlesofwhichtheyhadbeenplundered.Onhearingthisaccount,theyexpressedgreatjoy,andImeerawanyeedartingforward,claimedthesword.Itwasgiventohim,andhehadnosoonergraspedit,thanhehastenedtoconvincehismistress,thathisprowessinwar,wasnotinferiortohisskillincourtship.
　　Singlingoutayellowgum-treeforthefoe,heattackeditwithgreatfierceness,callingtoustolookon,andaccompanyinghisonsetwithallthegesturesandvociferationwhichtheyuseinbattle.Havingconqueredhisenemy,helaidasidehisfightingface,andjoineduswithacountenancewhichcarriediniteverymarkofyouthandgoodnature.
　　WhetherAbaroo'scoyness,andpreferenceofanother,haddispleasedhim,oritwasowingtonaturalfickleness,hepaidhernofartherattention,butseemedmoredelightedwithus.Hehadnobeard,butwashighlygratifiedinbeingcombedandhavinghishairclipped.
　　Allthestolenpropertybeingbroughtonshore,anoldmancameup,andclaimedoneofthefish-gigs,singlingitfromthebundle,andtakingonlyhisown;andthishonesty,withinthecircleoftheirsociety,seemedtocharacterizethemall.
　　Duringthistime,itwasobserved,thatoneoftheIndians,insteadofmixingwiththerest,stoodaloof,inamusingposture,contemplatingwhatpassed.
　　Whenweofferedtoapproachhim,heshunnedusnot,andwillinglyshookhandswithallwhochosetodoso.Heseemedtobebetween30and40yearsold,wasjolly,andhadathoughtfulcountenance,muchmarkedbythesmallpox.
　　Heworeastringofbitsofdriedreedroundhisneck,whichIaskedhimtoexchangeforablackstock.Hesmiledattheproposal,butmadenoofferofwhatIwanted;whichouryoungfriend,Imeerawanyee,observing,flewtohim,andtakingoffthenecklace,directlyfixeditaboutmyneck.Ifearedhewouldbeenraged,butheboreitwithserenity,andsufferedagentlemanpresenttofastenhisblackstockuponhim,withwhichheappearedtobepleased.Toincreasehissatisfaction,someothertriflewasgiventohim.
　　HavingremainedhereanhourwewentinquestofBaneelon,agreeablytothedirectionswhichhiscompanionspointedout.WefoundhimandBarangarooshiveringoverafewlightedsticks,bywhichtheyweredressingsmallfish,andtheircanoehauleduponthebeachnearthem.
　　Onfirstseeingtheboat,theyranintothewoods;butonbeingcalledbyname,theycameback,andconsentedtoourlanding.Wecarriedonshorewithustheremainingpartofthefish-gigsandspearswhichhadbeenstolen,andrestoredthemtoBaneelon.Amongotherthings,wasanetfulloffishinglinesandothertackle,whichBarangaroosaidwasherpropertyand,immediatelyonreceivingit,sheslungitaroundherneck.
　　Baneeloninquired,withsolicitude,aboutthestateofthegovernor'swound,buthemadenoofferofrestoringthedirk;andwhenhewasaskedforit,hepretendedtoknownothingofit,changingtheconversationwithgreatart,andaskingforwine,whichwasgiventohim.
　　Atparting,wepressedhimtoappointadayonwhichheshouldcometoSydney,assuringhim,thathewouldbewellreceived,andkindlytreated.Doubtful,however,ofbeingpermittedtoreturn,heevadedourrequest,anddeclaredthatthegovernormustfirstcomeandseehim,whichwepromisedshouldbedone.
　　Thegovernordidnothesitatetoexecutetheengagementwhichwehadcontractedforhim.ButBaneelonstillresistedcomingamongus,andmatterscontinuedinthisfluctuatingstateuntilthe8thofOctober,whenafire,whichtheyhadagreedtolightasasignalforustovisitthem,wasobserved.
　　Theeagerdesirebywhichwewerestimulatedtocarryourpointofeffectinganintercoursehadappeared.Variouspartiesaccordinglysetouttomeetthem,providedwithdifferentarticles,whichwethoughtwouldproveacceptabletothem.Wefoundassembled,Baneelon,Barangaroo,andanotheryoungwoman,andsixmen,allofwhomreceiveduswithwelcome,exceptthegravelookinggentlemanbeforementioned,whostoodaloofinhisformermusingposture.
　　Whentheysawthatwehadbroughthatchets,andotherarticleswithus,theyproducedspears,fish-gigs,andlines,forthepurposeofbarter,*
　　whichimmediatelycommenced,tothesatisfactionofbothparties.
　　Ihadbroughtwithmeanoldbluntedspear,whichwantedrepair.AnIndianimmediatelyundertooktoperformthetask,andcarryingittoafire,torewithhisteethapieceofbonefromafish-gig,whichhefastenedonthespearwithyellowgum,renderedflexiblebyheat.
　　[*Ithadlongbeenourwishtoestablishacommerceofthissort.Itisapainfulconsideration,thateverypreviousadditiontothecabinetofthevirtuosi,fromthiscountry,hadwrungatearfromtheplunderedIndian.]
　　October,1790.Manyofthemnowconsentedtobeshavedbyabarberwhomwehadpurposelybroughtover.AsIthoughthewhocouldperformanoperationofsuchimportancemustbedeemedbythemaneminentpersonage,Ibadehimaskoneofthemforafinebarbedspearwhichheheldinhishand;
　　butallthebarber'seloquencewaswastedontheIndian,whoplainlygavehimtounderstandthathemeantnottopartwithhisspear,withoutreceivinganequivalent.Unfortunately,hispricewasahatchet,andtheonlyonewhichIhadbroughtwithmewasalreadydisposedoftothemanwhohadpointedmyspear.InvaindidItempthimwithaknife,ahandkerchief,andahat;nothingbutahatchetseemedtoberegarded.
　　'Bullamogoparrabugo'twohatchetsto-morrowIrepeatedlycried;buthavingprobablyexperiencedourinsincerity,herejectedtheproposalwithdisdain.
　　Findinghiminflexible,andlongingtopossessthespear,ItoldhimatlengththatIwouldgotoSydneyandfetchwhatherequired.Thisseemedtosatisfy,andheaccompaniedmetomyboat,inwhichIwentaway,andasquicklyaspossibleprocuredwhatwasnecessarytoconcludethebargain.
　　Onmyreturn,Iwassurprisedtoseeallourboatsrowingtowardshome,andwiththemacanoe,inwhichsattwoIndianspaddling.Ipulledtothem,andfoundthatBaneelon,andanotherIndian,wereinoneoftheboats,andthatthewholeformedapartygoingovertovisitthegovernor.
　　Inowlearned,thatduringmyabsence,thegovernorhadpassedinaboat,onhisreturnfromRoseHill,neartheplacewheretheywerestanding;
　　andthatfindinghewouldnotcometothem,althoughtheyhadcalledtohimtodoso,theyhadatoncedeterminedtoventurethemselvesunreservedlyamongus.OneofthemeninthecanoewasthepersontowhomIwastogivethehatchetIhadbeentofetch;anddirectlyashesawme,hehelduphisspear,andtheexchangetookplace,withwhich,andperhapstorewardmeforthetroubleIhadtaken,hewassodelightedthathepresentedmewithathrowing-stick'gratis'.
　　NotseeingBarangaroooftheparty,Iaskedforher,andwasinformedthatshehadviolentlyopposedBaneelon'sdeparture.Whenshefoundpersuasionvain,shehadrecoursetotears,scolding,andthreats,stampingtheground,andtearingherhair.ButBaneeloncontinuingdetermined,shesnatchedupinherrageoneofhisfish-gigs,anddasheditwithsuchfuryontherocks,thatitbroke.Toquietherapprehensionsonthescoreofherhusband'ssafety,Mr.Johnson,attendedbyAbaroo,agreedtoremainasahostageuntilBaneelonshouldreturn.
　　Welandedourfourfriendsoppositethehospital,andsetoutforthegovernor'shouse.Onhearingoftheirarrival,suchnumbersflockedtoviewthemthatwewereapprehensivethecrowdofpersonswouldalarmthem,buttheyhadlefttheirfearsbehind,andmarchedonwithboldnessandunconcern.Whenwereachedthegovernor'shouse,Baneelonexpressedhonestjoytoseehisoldfriend,andappearedpleasedtofindthathehadrecoveredofhiswound.ThegovernoraskedforWileemarin,andtheysaidhewasatBrokenBay.Somebreadandbeefweredistributedamongthembutunluckilynofishwastobeprocured,whichweweresorryfor,asapromiseofithadbeenoneoftheleadingtemptationsbywhichtheyhadbeenalluredover.Ahatchetapiecewas,however,giventothem,andacoupleofpetticoatsandsomefishingtacklesentforBarangaroo,andtheotherwoman.
　　Theceremonyofintroductionbeingfinished,Baneelonseemedtoconsiderhimselfquiteathome,runningfromroomtoroomwithhiscompanions,andintroducingthemtohisoldfriends,thedomestics,inthemostfamiliarmanner.Amongtheselast,heparticularlydistinguishedthegovernor'sorderlysergeant,whomhekissedwithgreataffection,andawomanwhoattendedinthekitchen;butthegamekeeper,M'Entire*,hecontinuedtoholdinabhorrence,andwouldnotsufferhisapproach.
　　[*Lookattheaccountofthegovernorbeingwounded,whenhisdetestationofthismanburstforth.]
　　Norwashisimportancetohiscountrymenlessconspicuousinotherrespects.
　　Heundertooktoexplaintheuseandnatureofthosethingswhichwerenewtothem.Someofhisexplanationswerewhimsicalenough.Seeing,forinstance,apairofsnuffers,hetoldthemthattheywere"Nuffer*forcandle,"——whichtheothersnotcomprehending,heopenedthesnuffers,andholdingupthefore-fingerofhislefthand,torepresentacandle,madethemotionofsnuffingit.Finding,thateventhissagaciousinterpretationfailed,hethrewdownthesnuffersinarage,andreproachingtheirstupidity,walkedaway.
　　[*TheSisaletterwhichtheycannotpronounce,havingnosoundintheirlanguagesimilartoit.Whenbiddentopronouncesun,theyalwayssaytun;salt,talt,andsoofallwordswhereinitoccurs.]
　　Itwasobserved,thatasoftgentletoneofvoice,whichwehadtaughthimtouse,wasforgotten,andhisnativevociferationreturnedinfullforce.
　　ButthetendernesswhichlikeArabanoohehadalwaysmanifestedtochildren,hestillretained;asappearedbyhisbehaviourtothosewhowerepresentedtohim.
　　Thefirstwishtheyexpressedtoreturn,wascompliedwith,inordertobanishallappearanceofconstraint,thepartywhohadconductedthemtoSydneyreturningwiththem.Whenwereachedtheoppositeshore,wefoundAbarooandtheotherwomanfishinginacanoe,andMr.JohnsonandBarangaroosittingatthefire,thelatteremployedinmanufacturingfish-hooks.Atalittledistance,onanadjoiningeminence,satanIndian,withhisspearinhishand,asifsentineloverthehostages,forthesecurityofhiscountrymen'sreturn.
　　Duringourabsence,Barangaroohadneverceasedwhining,andreproachingherhusband.Nowthathewasreturned,shemethimwithunconcern,andseemedintentonherworkonly,butthisstateofreposedidnotlongcontinue.Baneelon,eyeingthebrokenfish-gig,castatheralookofsavagefuryandbegantointerrogateher,anditseemedmorethanprobablethattheremainingpartwouldbedemolishedaboutherheadhadwenotinterposedtopacifyhim.Norwouldwequittheplaceuntilhisforgivenesswascomplete,andhisgoodhumourrestored.Nosooner,however,didshefindherhusband'sragesubsided,thanherhouroftriumphcommenced.
　　Thealarmandtrepidationshehadmanifesteddisappeared.Elatedathiscondescension,andemboldenedbyourpresenceandthefineryinwhichwehaddeckedher,sheinturnassumedahaughtydemeanour,refusedtoanswerhiscaresses,andviewedhimwithareproachingeye.Althoughlongabsencefromfemalesocietyhadsomewhatbluntedourrecollection,theconductofBarangaroodidnotappearquitenoveltous,norwasoursurpriseveryviolentatfindingthatitsucceededinsubduingBaneelonwho,whenweparted,seemedanxiousonlytopleaseher.
　　Thusendedaday,theeventsofwhichservedtocompletewhatanunhappyaccidenthadbegun.Fromthistimeourintercoursewiththenatives,thoughpartiallyinterrupted,wasneverbrokenoff.Wegraduallycontinued,henceforth,togainknowledgeoftheircustomsandpolicy,theonlyknowledgewhichcanleadtoajustestimateofnationalcharacter.
　　CHAPTERX.
　　Thearrivalofthe'Supply'fromBatavia;
　　theStateoftheColonyinNovember,1790.
　　Joysparkledineverycountenancetoseeouroldfriendthe'Supply'
　　Ihopenoreaderwillbesocaptiousastoquarrelwiththephrase
　　entertheharbourfromBataviaonthe19thofOctober.Wehadwitnessedherdeparturewithtears;wehailedherreturnwithtransport.
　　CaptainBallwasrathermorethansixmonthsinmakingthisvoyage,andisthefirstpersonwhoevercircumnavigatedthecontinentofNewHolland.
　　OnhispassagetoBatavia,hehaddiscoveredseveralislands,whichhegavenamestoand,afterfightinghiswayagainstadverseelementsandthroughunexploreddangers,safelyreachedhisdestinedport.Hehadwellstoredhislittlebarkwitheverynecessaryandconveniencywhichhejudgedweshouldfirstwant,leavingacargoofriceandsaltprovisionstobebroughtonbyaDutchsnow,whichhehadhiredandfreightedfortheuseofthesettlement.WhileatBatavia,the'Supply'hadlostmanyofherpeoplebysickness,andleftseveralothersinthegeneralhospitalatthatplace.
　　Asthearrivalofthe'Supply'naturallyleadstheattentionfromothersubjectstothestateofthecolony,Ishallheretakeareviewofitbytranscribingastatementdrawnfromactualobservationsoonafter,exactlyasIfinditwritteninmyjournal.
　　Cultivation,onapublicscale,hasforsometimepastbeengivenuphere,Sydneythecropoflastyearbeingsomiserable,astodeterfromfartherexperiment,inconsequenceofwhichthegovernment-farmisabandoned,andthepeoplewhowerefixedonithavebeenremoved.Necessarypublicbuildingsadvancefast;anexcellentstorehouseoflargedimensions,builtofbricksandcoveredwithtiles,isjustcompleted;andanotherplannedwhichwillshortlybebegun.Otherbuildings,amongwhichIheardthegovernormentionanhospitalandpermanentbarracksforthetroops,mayalsobeexpectedtoarisesoon.Worksofthisnaturearemoreexpeditiouslyperformedthanheretofore,owing,Iapprehend,tothesuperintendantslatelyarrived,whoareplacedovertheconvictsandcompelthemtolabour.
　　Thefirstdifficultiesofanewcountrybeingsubduedmayalsocontributetothiscomparativefacility.
　　Vegetablesarescarce,althoughthesummerissofaradvanced,owingtowantofrain.Idonotthinkthatalltheshowersofthelastfourmonthsputtogether,wouldmaketwenty-fourhoursrain.Ourfarms,whatwiththisandapoorsoil,areinwretchedcondition.Mywintercropofpotatoes,whichIplantedindaysofdespairMarchandAprillast,turnedoutverybadlywhenIdugthemabouttwomonthsback.Wheatreturnedsopoorlylastharvest,thatverylittle,besidesIndiancorn,hasbeensownthisyear.
　　Thegovernor'swoundisquitehealed,andhefeelsnoinconveniencywhateverfromit.Withthenativeswearehandandglove.Theythrongthecampeveryday,andsometimesbytheirclamourandimportunityforbreadandmeatofwhichtheynowalleatgreedilyarebecomeverytroublesome.Godknows,wehavelittleenoughforourselves!Fullallowanceifeightpoundsofflourandeithersevenpoundsofbeef,orfourpoundsofpork,servedalternately,perweek,withouteitherpease,oatmeal,spirits,butter,orcheese,canbecalledsoisyetkeptup;butiftheDutchsnowdoesnotarrivesoonitmustbeshortened,asthecasksinthestorehouse,Iobservedyesterday,arewoefullydecreased.
　　Theconvictscontinuetobehaveprettywell;threeonlyhavebeenhangedsincethearrivalofthelastfleet,inthelatterendofJune,allofwhomwerenewcomers.Thenumberofconvictsherediminisheseveryday;
　　ourprincipaleffortsbeingwiselymadeatRoseHill,wherethelandisunquestionablybetterthanaboutthisplace.Exceptbuilding,sawingandbrickmaking,nothingofconsequenceisnowcarriedonhere.TheaccountwhichIreceivedafewdaysagofromthebrickmakersoftheirlabours,wasasfollows.Wheeleroneofthemasterbrick-makerswithtwotilestoolsandonebrickstool,wastaskedtomakeandburnreadyforuse30000tilesandbrickspermonth.Hehadtwenty-onehandstoassisthim,whoperformedeverything;cutwood,dugclay,etc.Thiscontinuedduringthedaysofdistressexcepted,whentheydidwhattheycoulduntilJunelast.
　　FromJune,withonebrickandtwotilestoolshehasbeentaskedtomake40000bricksandtilesmonthlyasmanyofeachsortasmaybe,havingtwenty-twomenandtwoboystoassisthim,onthesametermsofprocuringmaterialsasbefore.Theyfetchtheclayofwhichtilesaremade,twohundredyards;thatforbricksiscloseathand.HesaysthatthebricksaresuchaswouldbecalledinEngland,moderatelygood,andhejudgestheywouldhavefetchedabout24shillingsperthousandatKingston-upon-Thameswhereheresidedintheyear1784.Theirgreatestfaultisbeingtoobrittle.ThetileshethinksnotsogoodasthosemadeaboutLondon.
　　Thestuffhasarottenquality,andbesideswantstheadvantageofbeingground,inlieuofwhichtheytreadit.
　　Kinganothermasterbricklayerlastyear,withtheassistanceofsixteenmenandtwoboys,made11,000bricksweekly,withtwostools.Duringshortallowancedidwhathecould.Resumedhisoldtaskwhenputagainonfullallowanceandhadhisnumberofassistantsaugmentedtotwentymenandtwoboys,onaccountoftheincreaseddistanceofcarryingwoodforthekilns.HeworkedatHammersmith,forMr.Scot,ofthatplace.
　　HethinksthebricksmadehereasgoodasthosemadenearLondon,andsaysthatintheyear1784,theywouldhavesoldforaguineaperthousandandtohavepickedthekilnatthirtyshillings.'
　　SuchismySydneydetaildatedthe12thofNovember,1790.FourdaysafterIwenttoRoseHill,andwrotetherethesubjoinedremarks.
　　November16th.GottoRoseHillintheevening.Nextmorningwalkedroundthewholeoftheclearedandcultivatedland,withtheRev.Mr.Johnson,whoisthebestfarmerinthecountry.EdwardDod,oneofthegovernor'shousehold,whoconductseverythinghereintheagriculturalline,accompanieduspartoftheway,andaffordedalltheinformationhecould.
　　Heestimatesthequantityofclearedandcultivatedlandat200acres.
　　Ofthesefifty-fiveareinwheat,barley,andalittleoats,thirtyinmaize,andtheremainderiseitherjustclearedofwood,orisoccupiedbybuildings,gardens,etc.Fourenclosuresoftwentyacreseach,areplannedforthereceptionofcattle,whichmayarriveinthecolony,andtwoofthesearealreadyfencedin.Inthecentreofthemistobeerectedahouse,forapersonwhowillbefixedupontotakecareofthecattle.Alltheseenclosuresaresuppliedwithwater;andonlyapartofthetreeswhichgrewinthembeingcutdown,givestothemaverypark-likeandbeautifulappearance.
　　Oursurveycommencedonthenorthsideoftheriver.Dodsaysheexpectsthisyear'scropofwheatandbarleyfromthefifty-fiveacrestoyieldfull400bushels.Appearanceshithertohardlyindicatesomuch.HesayshefindsthebeginningofMaythebesttimetosowbarley,*butthatitmaycontinuetobesownuntilAugust.ThatsowninMayisreapedinDecember;
　　thatofAugustinJanuary.Hesowedhiswheat,partinJuneandpartinJuly.
　　HethinksJunethebesttime,andsaysthatheinvariablyfindsthatwhichisdeepestsown,growsstrongestandbest,evenasdeepasthreeincheshehasputitin,andfoundittoanswer.ThewheatsowninJuneisnowturningyellow;thatofJulyismorebackward.Hehasusedonlythebroad-casthusbandry,andsowedtwobushelsperacre.Theploughhasneveryetbeentriedhere;allthegroundishoed,andasDodconfessesveryincompetentlyturnedup.Eachconvictlabourerwasobligedtohoesixteenrodsaday,sothatinsomeplacestheearthwasbutjustscratchedover.Thegroundwasleftopenforsomemonths,toreceivebenefitfromthesunandair;
　　andonthatnewlyclearedthetreeswereburnt,andtheashesdugin.
　　Idonotfindthatasuccessionofcropshasyetbeenattempted;
　　surelyitwouldhelptomeliorateandimprovethesoil.Dodrecommendsstronglythecultureofpotatoes,onalargescale,andsaysthatweretheyplantedevenaslateasJanuarytheywouldanswer,butthisIdoubt.
　　Heismorethaneverofopinionthatwithoutalargesupplyofcattlenothingcanbedone.Theyhavenotatthistimeeitherhorse,cow,orsheephere.
　　Iaskedhimhowthestocktheyhadwascomingon.Thefowlshesaidmultipliedexceedingly,butthehogsneitherthrivedorincreasedinnumber,forwantoffood.Hepointedouttoushisbestwheat,whichlookstolerable,andmayperhapsyield13or14bushelsperacre**.Nextcametheoatswhichareinear,thoughnotmorethansixincheshigh:theywillnotreturnasmuchseedaswassown.Thebarley,exceptonepatchinacornerofafield,littlebetterthantheoats.Crossedtheriverandinspectedthesouthside.
　　Foundthelittlepatchofwheatatthebottomofthecrescentverybad.
　　Proceededandexaminedthelargefieldontheascenttothewestward:
　　hereareabouttwenty-fiveacresofwheat,whichfromitsappearanceweguessedwouldproduceperhapssevenbushelsanacre.Thenextpatchtothisisinmaize,whichlooksnotunpromising;someofthestemsarestout,andbeginningtothrowoutlargebroadleaves,thesurestsignofvigour.
　　Theviewfromthetopofthewheatfieldtakesin,exceptanarrowslip,thewholeoftheclearedlandatRoseHill.Fromnothavingbeforeseenanopeningofsuchextentforthelastthreeyears,thisstruckusasgrandandcapacious.Thebeautifuldiversityofthegroundgentlehillanddale
　　wouldcertainlybereckonedprettyinanycountry.Continuedourwalk,andcrossedtheoldfield,whichisintendedtoformpartofthemainstreetoftheprojectedtown.Thewheatinthisfieldisratherbetter,butnotmuch,thaninthelargefieldbeforementioned.Thenextfieldismaize,inferiortowhatwehaveseen,butnotdespicable.Anacreofmaize,atthebottomofthemarinegarden,isequalinluxuriancyofpromisetoanyIeversawinanycountry.
　　[*ThebestcropofbarleyeverproducedinNewSouthWales,wassownbyaprivateindividual,inFebruary1790,andreapedinthefollowingOctober.]
　　[**Asallthetreesonourclearedgroundwerecutdown,andnotgrubbedup,therootsandstumpsremain,onwhichaccountatenthpartofsurfaceineveryacremustbededucted.Thisisslovenlyhusbandry;butinacountrywhereimmediatesubsistenceiswanted,itisperhapsnecessary.Noneofthesestumps,whenIleftPortJackson,showedanysymptomsofdecay,thoughsomeofthetreeshadbeencutdownfouryears.TothedifferentqualitiesofthewoodofNorfolkIslandandNewSouthWales,perhapsthedifferenceofsoilmayinsomemeasurebetraced.ThatofNorfolkIslandislightandporous:itrotsandturnsintomouldintwoyears.BesidesitshardnessthatofPortJacksonaboundswithredcorrosivegum,whichcontributesitsshareofmischief.]
　　Themainstreetofthenewtownisalreadybegun.Itistobeamilelong,andofsuchbreadthaswillmakePallMallandPortlandPlace"hidetheirdiminishedheads."Itcontainsatpresentthirty-twohousescompleted,oftwenty-fourfeetbytwelveeach,onagroundflooronly,builtofwattlesplasteredwithclay,andthatched.Eachhouseisdividedintotworooms,inoneofwhichisafireplaceandabrickchimney.Thesehousesaredesignedformenonly;andtenisthenumberofinhabitantsallottedtoeach;
　　butsomeofthemnowcontaintwelveorfourteen,forwantofbetteraccommodation.Morearebuilding.Inacrossstreetstandninehousesforunmarriedwomen;andexclusiveofalltheseareseveralsmallhutswhereconvictfamiliesofgoodcharacterareallowedtoreside.