ThusI，forone，regretthatifyouaregoingtohaveanaristocracyitdidnotremainalogicalonefoundedonthescienceofheraldry；athingassertinganddefendingthequitedefensibletheorythatphysicalgenealogyisthetest；insteadofbeing，asitisnow，ameremachineofEtonandOxfordforvarnishinganybodyrichenoughwithonemonotonousvarnish。
　　Anditissupremelysointhecaseofreligion。Aslongasyouhaveacreed，whicheveryoneinacertaingroupbelievesorissupposedtobelieve，thenthatgroupwillconsistoftheoldrecurringfiguresofreligioushistory，whocanbeappealedtobythecreedandjudgedbyit；
　　thesaint，thehypocrite，thebrawler，theweakbrother。Thesepeopledoeachothergood；ortheyalljointogethertodothehypocritegood，withheavyandrepeatedblows。Butoncebreakthebondofdoctrinewhichaloneholdsthesepeopletogetherandeachwillgravitatetohisownkindoutsidethegroup。Thehypocriteswillallgettogetherandcalleachothersaints；thesaintswillgetlostinadesertandcallthemselvesweakbrethren；theweakbrethrenwillgetweakerandweakerinageneralatmosphereofimbecility；andthebrawlerwillgoofflookingforsomebodyelsewithwhomtobrawl。
　　ThishasverylargelyhappenedtomodernEnglishreligion；Ihavebeeninmanychurches，chapels，andhallswhereaconfidentprideinhavinggotbeyondcreedswascoupledwithquiteaparalysedincapacitytogetbeyondcatchwords。Butwhereverthefalsityappearsitcomesfromneglectofthesametruth:thatmenshouldagreeonaprinciple，thattheymaydifferoneverythingelse；thatGodgavemenalawthattheymightturnitintoliberties。
　　Therewashugelymoresenseintheoldpeoplewhosaidthatawifeandhusbandoughttohavethesamereligionthanthereisinallthecontemporarygushingaboutsistersoulsandkindredspiritsandaurasofidenticalcolour。Asamatteroffact，themorethesexesareinviolentcontrastthelesslikelytheyaretobeinviolentcollision。Themoreincompatibletheirtempersarethebetter。Obviouslyawife'ssoulcannotpossiblybeasistersoul。Itisveryseldomsomuchasafirstcousin。
　　Thereareveryfewmarriagesofidenticaltasteandtemperament；theyaregenerallyunhappy。Buttohavethesamefundamentaltheory，tothinkthesamethingavirtue，whetheryoupractiseorneglectit，tothinkthesamethingasin，whetheryoupunishorpardonorlaughatit，inthelastextremitytocallthesamethingdutyandthesamethingdisgrace——
　　thisreallyisnecessarytoatolerablyhappymarriage；anditismuchbetterrepresentedbyacommonreligionthanitisbyaffinitiesandauras。Andwhatappliestothefamilyappliestothenation。Anationwitharootreligionwillbetolerant。Anationwithnoreligionwillbebigoted。Lastly，theworsteffectofallisthis:thatwhenmencometogethertoprofessacreed，theycomecourageously，thoughitistohideincatacombsandcaves。Butwhentheycometogetherinacliquetheycomesneakishly，eschewingallchangeordisagreement，thoughitistodinetoabrassbandinabigLondonhotel。Forbirdsofafeatherflocktogether，butbirdsofthewhitefeathermostofall。
　　THEFOOL
　　FormanyyearsIhadsoughthim，andatlastIfoundhiminaclub。I
　　hadbeentoldthathewaseverywhere；butIhadalmostbeguntothinkthathewasnowhere。Ihadbeenassuredthatthereweremillionsofhim；
　　butbeforemylatediscoveryIinclinedtothinkthattherewerenoneofhim。AftermylatediscoveryIamsurethatthereisone；andIinclinetothinkthatthereareseveral，say，afewhundreds；butunfortunatelymostofthemoccupyingimportantpositions。WhenIsay"him，"Imeantheentireidiot。
　　Ihaveneverbeenabletodiscoverthat"stupidpublic"ofwhichsomanyliterarymencomplain。Thepeopleoneactuallymeetsintrainsorattea-
　　partiesseemtomequitebrightandinteresting；certainlyquiteenoughsotocallforthefullexertionofone'sownwits。AndevenwhenIhaveheardbrilliant"conversationalists"conversingwithotherpeople，theconversationhadmuchmoreequalityandgiveandtakethanthisageofintellectualsnobswilladmit。Ihavesometimesfelttired，likeotherpeople；butrathertiredwithmen'stalkandvarietythanwiththeirstolidityorsameness；thereforeitwasthatIsometimeslongedtofindtherefreshmentofasinglefool。
　　Butitwasdeniedme。TurnwhereIwouldIfoundthismonotonousbrilliancyofthegeneralintelligence，thisruthless，ceaselesssparkleofhumourandgoodsense。The"mostlyfools"theoryhasbeenusedinananti-democraticsense；butwhenIfoundatlastmypricelessass，Ididnotfindhiminwhatiscommonlycalledthedemocracy；norinthearistocracyeither。Themanofthedemocracygenerallytalksquiterationally，sometimesontheanti-democraticside，butalwayswithanideaofgivingreasonsforwhathesaysandreferringtotherealitiesofhisexperience。Norisitthearistocracythatisstupid；atleast，notthatsectionofthearistocracywhichrepresentsitinpolitics。Theyareoftencynical，especiallyaboutmoney，buteventheirboredomtendstomakethemalittleeagerforanyrealinformationororiginality。IfamanlikeMr。WinstonChurchillorMr。WyndhammadeuphismindforanyreasontoattackSyndicalismhewouldfindoutwhatitwasfirst。
　　NotsothemanIfoundintheclub。
　　Hewasverywelldressed；hehadaheavybuthandsomeface；hisblackclothessuggestedtheCityandhisgraymoustachestheArmy；butthewholesuggestedthathedidnotreallybelongtoeither，butwasoneofthosewhodabbleinsharesandwhoplayatsoldiers。Therewassomethirdelementabouthimthatwasneithermercantilenormilitary。Hismannerswereashadetoogentlemanlytobequitethoseofagentleman。
　　Theyinvolvedanunctionandover-emphasisoftheclub-man:thenI
　　suddenlyrememberedfeelingthesamethinginsomeoldactorsoroldplaygoerswhohadmodelledthemselvesonactors。AsIcameinhesaid，"IfIwastheGovernment，"andthenputacigarinhismouthwhichhelitcarefullywithlongintakesofbreath。Thenhetookthecigaroutofhismouthagainandsaid，"I'dgiveit'em，"asifitwerequiteaseparatesentence。Butevenwhilehismouthwasstoppedwiththecigarhiscompanionorinterlocutorleapedtohisfeetandsaidwithgreatheartiness，snatchingupahat，"Well，Imustbeoff。Tuesday!"。I
　　dislikethesedarksuspicions，butIcertainlyfanciedIrecognisedthesuddengenialitywithwhichonetakesleaveofabore。
　　When，therefore，heremovedthenarcoticstopperfromhismouthitwastomethatheaddressedthebelatedepigram。"I'dgiveit'em。”
　　"Whatwouldyougivethem，"Iasked，"theminimumwage？"
　　"I'dgivethembeans，"hesaid。"I'dshoot'emdownshoot'emdown，everymanJackofthem。Ilostmybesttrainyesterday，andhere'sthewholecountryparalysed，andhere'sahandfulofobstinatefellowsstandingbetweenthecountryandcoal。I'dshoot'emdown!"
　　"Thatwouldsurelybealittleharsh，"Ipleaded。"Afterall，theyarenotundermartiallaw，thoughIsupposetwoorthreeofthemhavecommissionsintheYeomanry。”
　　"CommissionsintheYeomanry!"herepeated，andhiseyesandface，whichbecamestartlingandseparate，likethoseofaboiledlobster，mademefeelsurethathehadsomethingofthekindhimself。
　　"Besides，"Icontinued，"wouldn'titbequiteenoughtoconfiscatetheirmoney？"
　　"Well，I'dsendthemalltopenalservitude，anyhow，"hesaid，"andI'dconfiscatetheirfundsaswell。”
　　"Thepolicyisdaringandfullofdifficulty，"Ireplied，"butIdonotsaythatitiswhollyoutsidetheextremerightsoftherepublic。Butyoumustrememberthatthoughthefactsofpropertyhavebecomequitefantastic，yetthesentimentofpropertystillexists。Thesecoal-owners，thoughtheyhavenotearnedthemines，thoughtheycouldnotworkthemines，doquitehonestlyfeelthattheyownthemines。Henceyoursuggestionofshootingthemdown，orevenofconfiscatingtheirproperty，raisesvery——"
　　"Whatdoyoumean？"askedthemanwiththecigar，withabullyingeye。
　　"Whoyertalkingabout？"
　　"I'mtalkingaboutwhatyouweretalkingabout，"Ireplied；"asyouputitsoperfectly，aboutthehandfulofobstinatefellowswhoarestandingbetweenthecountryandthecoal。Imeanthemenwhoaresellingtheirowncoalforfancyprices，andwho，aslongastheycangetthoseprices，careaslittlefornationalstarvationasmostmerchantprincesandpirateshaveearedfortheprovincesthatwerewastedorthepeoplesthatwereenslavedjustbeforetheirshipscamehome。ButthoughIamabitofarevolutionistmyself，Icannotquitegowithyouintheextremeviolenceyousuggest。Yousay——"
　　"Isay，"hecried，burstingthroughmyspeechwithareallysplendidenergylikethatofsomenoblebeast，"IsayI'dtakealltheseblastedminersand——"
　　Ihadrisenslowlytomyfeet，forIwasprofoundlymoved；andIstoodstaringatthatmentalmonster。
　　"Oh，"Isaid，"soitistheminerswhoarealltobesenttopenalservitude，sothatwemaygetmorecoal。Itistheminerswhoaretobeshotdead，everymanJackofthem；forifoncetheyareallshotdeadtheywillstartminingagain……Youmustforgiveme，sir；IknowIseemsomewhatmoved……Thefactis，Ihavejustfoundsomething。somethingI
　　havebeenlookingforforyears。”
　　"Well，"heasked，withnounfriendlystare，"andwhathaveyoufound？"
　　"No，"Ianswered，shakingmyheadsadly，"IdonotthinkitwouldbequitekindtotellyouwhatIhavefound。”
　　Hehadahundredvirtues，includingthecapitalvirtueofgoodhumour，andwehadnodifficultyinchangingthesubjectandforgettingthedisagreement。Hetalkedaboutsociety，histownfriendsandhiscountrysports，andIdiscoveredinthecourseofitthathewasacountymagistrate，aMemberofParliament，andadirectorofseveralimportantcompanies。Hewasalsothatotherthing，whichIdidnottellhim。
　　Themoralisthatacertainsortofpersondoesexist，towhoseglorythisarticleisdedicated。Heisnottheordinaryman。Heisnottheminer，whoissharpenoughtoaskforthenecessitiesofexistence。Heisnotthemine-owner，whoissharpenoughtogetagreatdealmore，bysellinghiscoalatthebestpossiblemoment。Heisnotthearistocraticpolitician，whohasacynicalbutafairsympathywithbotheconomicopportunities。Butheisthemanwhoappearsinscoresofpublicplacesopentotheuppermiddleclassorthatlessknownbutmorepowerfulsectionthelowerupperclass。Menlikethisalloverthecountryarereallysayingwhatevercomesintotheirheadsintheircapacitiesofjusticeofthepeace，candidateforParliament，ColoneloftheYeomanry，oldfamilydoctor，PoorLawguardian，coroner，oraboveall，arbiterintradedisputes。Hesuffers，intheliteralsense，fromsofteningofthebrain；hehassofteneditbyalwaystakingtheviewofeverythingmostcomfortableforhiscountry，hisclass，andhisprivatepersonality。Heisadeadlypublicdanger。ButasIhavegivenhimhisnameatthebeginningofthisarticlethereisnoneedformetorepeatitattheend。
　　THECONSCRIPTANDTHECRISIS
　　Veryfewofuseverseethehistoryofourowntimehappening。AndI
　　thinkthebestserviceamodernjournalistcandotosocietyistorecordasplainlyaseverhecanexactlywhatimpressionwasproducedonhismindbyanythinghehasactuallyseenandheardontheoutskirtsofanymodernproblemorcampaign。ThoughallhesawofarailwaystrikewasaflatmeadowinEssexinwhichatrainwasbecalmedforanhourortwo，hewillprobablythrowmorelightonthestrikebydescribingthiswhichhehasseenthanbydescribingthesteelykingsofcommerceandthebloodyleadersofthemobwhomhehasneverseen——noranyoneelseeither。IfhecomesadaytoolateforthebattleofWaterlooashappenedtoafriendofmygrandfatherheshouldstillrememberthatatrueaccountofthedayafterWaterloowouldbeamostvaluablethingtohave。ThoughhewasonthewrongsideofthedoorwhenRizziowasbeingmurdered，weshouldstillliketohavethewrongsidedescribedintherightway。
　　UponthisprincipleI，whoknownothingofdiplomacyormilitaryarrangements，andhaveonlyheldmybreathliketherestoftheworldwhileFranceandGermanywerebargaining，willtellquitetruthfullyofasmallsceneIsaw，oneofthethousandscenesthatwere，sotospeak，theanteroomsofthatinmostchamberofdebate。
　　InthecourseofacertainmorningIcameintooneofthequietsquaresofasmallFrenchtownandfounditscathedral。ItwasoneofthosegrayandrainydayswhichrathersuittheGothic。Thecloudswereleaden，likethesolidblue-grayleadofthespiresandthejewelledwindows；theslopingroofsandhigh-shoulderedarcheslookedlikecloaksdroopingwithdamp；andthestiffgargoylesthatstoodoutroundthewallswerescouredwitholdrainsandnew。Iwentintotheround，deepporchwithmanydoorsandfoundtwogrubbychildrenplayingthereoutoftherain。I
　　alsofoundanoticeofservices，etc。，andamongtheseIfoundtheannouncementthatat11。30thatisabouthalfanhourlatertherewouldbeaspecialservicefortheConscripts，thatistosay，thedraftofyoungmenwhowerebeingtakenfromtheirhomesinthatlittletownandsenttoserveintheFrenchArmy；sentasithappenedatanawfulmoment，whentheFrenchArmywasencampedatapartingoftheways。TherewerealreadyagreatmanypeopletherewhenIentered，notonlyofallkinds，butinallattitudes，kneeling，sitting，orstandingabout。AndtherewasthatgeneralsensethatstrikeseverymanfromaProtestantcountry，whetherhedislikestheCatholicatmosphereorlikesit；Imean，thegeneralsensethatthethingwas"goingonallthetime"；thatitwasnotanoccasion，butaperpetualprocess，asifitwereasortofmysticalinn。
　　Severaltricolourswerehungquiteneartothealtar，andtheyoungmen，whentheycamein，filedupthechurchandsatrightatthefront。Theywere，ofcourse，ofeveryimaginablesocialgrade；fortheFrenchconscriptionisreallystrictanduniversal。Somelookedlikeyoungcriminals，somelikeyoungpriests，somelikeboth。Someweresoobviouslyprosperousandpolishedthatabarrack-roommustseemtothemlikehell；othersbythelookofthemhadhardlyeverbeeninsodecentaplace。ButitwasnotsomuchthemereclassvarietythatmostsharplycaughtanEnglishman'seye。Itwasthepresenceofjustthoseoneortwokindsofmenwhowouldneverhavebecomesoldiersinanyotherway。
　　Therearemanyreasonsforbecomingasoldier。Itmaybeamatterofhereditaryluckorabjecthungerorheroicvirtueorfugitivevice；itmaybeaninterestintheworkoralackofinterestinanyotherwork。
　　Buttherewouldalwaysbetwoorthreekindsofpeoplewhowouldnevertendtosoldiering；allthosekindsofpeoplewerethere。Aladwithredhair，largeears，andverycarefulclothing，somehowconveyedacrossthechurchthathehadalwaystakencareofhishealth，notevenfromthinkingaboutit，butsimplybecausehewastold，andthathewasoneofthosewhopassfromchildhoodtomanhoodwithoutanyshockofbeingaman。
　　IntherowinfrontofhimtherewasaveryslightandvividlittleJew，ofthesortthatisatailorandaSocialist。Byoneofthoseaccidentsthatmakereallifesounlikeanythingelse，hewastheoneofthecompanywhoseemedespeciallydevout。Behindthesestifforsensitiveboyswererangedtheranksoftheirmothersandfathers，withknotsandbunchesoftheirlittlebrothersandsisters。
　　Thechildrenkickedtheirlittlelegs，wriggledabouttheseats，andgapedatthearchedroofwhiletheirmotherswereontheirkneesprayingtheirownprayers，andhereandtherecrying。Thegraycloudsofrainoutsidegathered，Isuppose，moreandmore；forthedeepchurchcontinuouslydarkened。Theladsinfrontbegantosingamilitaryhymninodd，ratherstrainedvoices；Icouldnotdisentanglethewords，butonlyoneperpetualrefrain；sothatitsoundedlikeSacrarterumbrrarpourlapatrie，Valdarkararumppourlapatrie。
　　Thenthisceased；andsilencecontinued，thecolouredwindowsgrowinggloomierandgloomierwiththeclouds。Inthedeadstillnessachildstartedcryingsuddenlyandincoherently。InacityfartothenorthaFrenchdiplomatistandaGermanaristocratweretalking。
　　Iwillnotmakeanycommentaryonthethingthatcouldblurtheoutlineofitsalmostcruelactuality。Iwillnottalknorallowanyoneelsetotalkabout"clericalism"and"militarism。”Thosewhotalklikethataremadeofthesamemudasthosewhocallalltheangersoftheunfortunate"Socialism。”ThewomenwhowerecallinginthegloomaroundmeonGodandtheMotherofGodwerenot"clericalists"；or，iftheywere，theyhadforgottenit。AndIwillbetmybootstheyoungmenwerenot"militarists"——quitetheotherwayjustthen。Thepriestmadeashortspeech；hedidnotutteranypriestlydogmaswhatevertheyare，heutteredplatitudes。Insuchcircumstancesplatitudesaretheonlypossiblethingstosay；becausetheyaretrue。Hebeganbysayingthathesupposedalargenumberofthemwouldbeuncommonlygladnottogo。
　　Theyseemedtoassenttothisparticularpriestlydogmawithevenmorethantheirallegedsuperstitiouscredulity。Hesaidthatwarwashateful，andthatweallhatedit；butthat"inallthingsreasonable"thelawofone'sowncommonwealthwasthevoiceofGod。HespokeaboutJoanofArc；
　　andhowshehadmanagedtobeaboldandsuccessfulsoldierwhilestillpreservinghervirtueandpractisingherreligion；thenhegavethemeachalittlepaperbook。Towhichtheyrepliedafterabriefintervalforreflection:
　　Pongprongperesklangpourlapatrie，Tambraugtararroncpourlapatrie。
　　whichIfeelsurewasthebestandmostpointedreply。
　　Whileallthiswashappeningfeelingsquiteindescribablecrowdedaboutmyowndarkeningbrain，asthecloudscrowdedabovethedarkeningchurch。
　　TheyweresoentirelyoftheelementsandthepassionsthatIcannotuttertheminanidea，butonlyinanimage。Itseemedtomethatwewerebarricadedinthischurch，butwecouldnottellwhatwashappeningoutsidethechurch。Themonstrousandterriblejewelsofthewindowsdarkenedorglistenedundermovingshadoworlight，butthenatureofthatlightandtheshapesofthoseshadowswedidnotknowandhardlydaredtoguess。Thedreambegan，Ithink，withadimfancythatenemieswerealreadyinthetown，andthattheenormousoakendoorsweregroaningundertheirhammers。ThenIseemedtosupposethatthetownitselfhadbeendestroyedbyfire，andeffaced，asitmaybethousandsofyearshence，andthatifIopenedthedoorIshouldcomeoutonawildernessasflatandsterileasthesea。Thenthevisionbehindtheveilofstoneandslategrewwilderwithearthquakes。Iseemedtoseechasmscloventothefoundationsofallthings，andlettingupaninfernaldawn。Hugethingshappilyhiddenfromushadclimbedoutoftheabyss，andwerestridingabouttallerthantheclouds。AndwhenthedarknesscreptfromthesapphiresofMarytothesanguinegarmentsofSt。JohnIfanciedthatsomehideousgiantwaswalkingroundthechurchandlookinginateachwindowinturn。
　　Sometimes，again，Ithoughtofthatchurchwithcolouredwindowsasashipcarryingmanylanternsstrugglinginahighseaatnight。SometimesIthoughtofitasagreatcolouredlanternitself，hungonanironchainoutofheavenandtossedandswungtoandfrobystrongwings，thewingsoftheprincesoftheair。ButIneverthoughtofitortheyoungmeninsideitsaveassomethingpreciousandinperil，orofthethingsoutsidebutassomethingbarbaricandenormous。
　　Iknowtherearesomewhocannotsympathisewithsuchsentimentsoflimitation；Iknowtherearesomewhowouldfeelnotouchoftheheroictendernessifsomedayayoungman，withredhair，largeears，andhismother'slozengesinhispocket，werefounddeadinuniforminthepassesoftheVosges。ButonthissubjectIhaveheardmanyphilosophiesandthoughtagooddealformyself；andtheconclusionIhavecometoisSacrarterumbrrarpourlaPattie，anditisnotlikelythatIshallalteritnow。
　　ButwhenIcameoutofthechurchtherewerenoneofthesethings，butonlyalotofShops，includingapaper-shop，onwhichthepostersannouncedthatthenegotiationswereproceedingsatisfactorily。
　　THEMISERANDHISFRIENDS
　　Itisasignofsharpsicknessinasocietywhenitisactuallyledbysomespecialsortoflunatic。Amildtouchofmadnessmayevenkeepamansane；foritmaykeephimmodest。SosomeexaggerationsintheStatemayreminditofitsownnormal。Butitisbadwhentheheadiscracked；
　　whentheroofofthecommonwealthhasatileloose。
　　Thetwoorthreecasesofthisthatoccurinhistoryhavealwaysbeengibbetedgigantically。ThusNerohasbecomeablackproverb，notmerelybecausehewasanoppressor，butbecausehewasalsoanaesthete——thatis，anerotomaniac。Henotonlytorturedotherpeople'sbodies；hetorturedhisownsoulintothesameredrevoltingshapes。ThoughhecamequiteearlyinRomanImperialhistoryandwasfollowedbymanyaustereandnobleemperors，yetforustheRomanEmpirewasneverquitecleansedofthatmemoryofthesexualmadman。Thepopulaceorbarbariansfromwhomwecomecouldnotforgetthehourwhentheycametothehighestplaceoftheearth，sawthehugepedestaloftheearthlyomnipotence，readonitDivusCaesar，andlookedupandsawastatuewithoutahead。
　　ItisthesamewiththatuglyentanglementbeforetheRenaissance，fromwhich，alas，mostmemoriesoftheMiddleAgesarederived。LouisXIwasaverypatientandpracticalmanoftheworld；butlikemanygoodbusinessmenhewasmad。Themorbidityoftheintriguerandthetorturerclungabouteverythinghedid，evenwhenitwasright。AndjustasthegreatEmpireofAntoninusandAureliusneverwipedoutNero，soeventhesilversplendourofthelattersaints，suchasVincentdePaul，hasneverpaintedoutfortheBritishpublicthecrookedshadowofLouisXI。Whenevertheunhealthymanhasbeenontop，hehasleftahorriblesavourthathumanityfindsstillinitsnostrils。Nowinourtimetheunhealthymanisontop；butheisnotthemanmadonsex，likeNero；ormadonstatecraft，likeLouisXI；heissimplythemanmadonmoney。Ourtyrantisnotthesatyrorthetorturer；butthemiser。
　　Themodernmiserhaschangedmuchfromthemiseroflegendandanecdote；
　　butonlybecausehehasgrownyetmoreinsane。Theoldmiserhadsometouchofthehumanartistabouthiminsofarthathecollectedgold——asubstancethatcanreallybeadmiredforitself，likeivoryoroldoak。
　　Anoldmanwhopickedupyellowpieceshadsomethingofthesimpleardour，somethingofthemysticalmaterialism，ofachildwhopicksoutyellowflowers。Goldisbutonekindofcolouredclay，butcolouredclaycanbeverybeautiful。Themodernidolaterofrichesiscontentwithfarlessgenuinethings。Theglitterofguineasisliketheglitterofbuttercups，thechinkofpelfislikethechimeofbells，comparedwiththedrearypapersanddeadcalculationswhichmakethehobbyofthemodernmiser。
　　Themodernmillionairelovesnothingsolovableasacoin。Heiscontentsometimeswiththedeadcrackleofnotes；butfarmoreoftenwiththemererepetitionofnoughtsinaledger，allaslikeeachotheraseggstoeggs。Andasforcomfort，theoldmisercouldbecomfortable，asmanytrampsandsavagesare，whenhewasonceusedtobeingunclean。Amancouldfindsomecomfortinanunsweptatticoranunwashedshirt。ButtheYankeemillionairecanfindnocomfortwithfivetelephonesathisbed-headandtenminutesforhislunch。Theroundcoinsinthemiser'sstockingweresafeinsomesense。Theroundnoughtsinthemillionaire'sledgeraresafeinnosense；thesamefluctuationwhichexciteshimwiththeirincreasedepresseshimwiththeirdiminution。Themiseratleastcollectscoins；hishobbyisnumismatics。Themanwhocollectsnoughtscollectsnothings。
　　Itmaybeadmittedthatthemanamassingmillionsisabitofanidiot；
　　butitmaybeaskedinwhatsensedoesherulethemodernworld。Theanswertothisisveryimportantandrathercurious。Theevilenigmaforushereisnottherich，buttheVeryRich。Thedistinctionisimportant；
　　becausethisspecialproblemisseparatefromtheoldgeneralquarrelaboutrichandpoorthatrunsthroughtheBibleandallstrongbooks，oldandnew。Thespecialproblemto-dayisthatcertainpowersandprivilegeshavegrownsoworld-wideandunwieldythattheyareoutofthepowerofthemoderatelyrichaswellasofthemoderatelypoor。Theyareoutofthepowerofeverybodyexceptafewmillionaires——thatis，misers。
　　IntheoldnormalfrictionofnormalwealthandpovertyIammyselfontheRadicalside。IthinkthataBerkshiresquirehastoomuchpoweroverhistenants；thataBromptonbuilderhastoomuchpoweroverhisworkmen；thataWestLondondoctorhastoomuchpoweroverthepoorpatientsintheWestLondonHospital。