Thearrobaisabouttwenty
fivepoundsweight。
ThehigglingofthemarketnothavingprovedeffectualintheadjustmentofthesumtobepaidbytheGovernor，apriest，oneJuanLozano，whohadbeencondemnedtoimprisonmentbyhissuperiorsforhislooselife，andwhohadtakenrefugewiththeBishop，hitonastrokeofveritablegenius。AtaconferencewhichtookplacebetweentheBishopandseveralnotablesoftheplace，includingtherectoroftheJesuits，Lozanogaveitashisopinionthat，iftheGovernorrefusedtopay，ageneralinterdictshouldbeproclaimed。
TherectoroftheJesuitsretiredindignantly，and`Pe\reLozano，retroussantsarobelepoursuivitencrianta\pleinete^te，ets'exprimantendestermespeuseansa\saprofession。'
BythistimeAsuncionmusthavebeenlikeamadhouse，fornooneseemstohavebeenastonished，oreventohavethoughthisconductsingular。
TheBishop，alwaysreadytotaketheworstadvice，gotreadyforhistask，andonEasterEveembarkedupontheriver，leavinghisVicar
Generalunderorderstoproclaimthegeneralban。Thiswasdone，andtheedictsocontrivedastocatchthelucklessGovernorineverychurch。Thepracticaleffectwastocloseallthechurches，fortowhateverchurchtheGovernorwentthepriestrefusedtocelebratetheMass。Severalotherpersonswerementionedintheban，whichwaspostedupbelowacrucifixinthechoiroftheCathedral。
AsDonBernardinohadomittedtostatetheparticularoffencesforwhichtheywerecondemned，thegeneralconfusionbecameintense，andnooneattendedMass，sothatthechurchesweredeserted。
Afteralittlesomeofthechurchesopenedinaclandestinemanner，othersremainedclosed，andthefollowersoftheBishopandtheGovernoralternatelyassembledinarabble，andthrewstonesatallthechurches，dispensingtheirfavoursquiteimpartially。ThevariousreligiousOrders，nottobebehindhand，alsotooksides，theJesuitsgivingastheiropinionthattheGovernor，nothavingawaruponhisback，wasreallyexcommunicated；
theDominicansholdingthattheBishop，inthegeneralinterest，oughttoabsolvehim。He，armedwiththeopinionofthelatterOrder，marchedtothedwellingoftheBishop'sVicar
General，and，havingnailedupbothdoorsandwindows，sentatrumpetertotellhimheshouldnotleavehishousetillabsolutionhadbeengranted。
Stillnothingcameofit，andthentheGovernordidwhatheshouldhavedoneatfirst:hesentastatementofthewholeproceedingstothehighcourtatCharcas。ThishighcourtAudienciawassituatedrightinthemiddleofwhatisnowBolivia，milesawayfromLima，halfaworldfromParaguay，atleasttwothousandmilesfromBuenosAyres，andseparatedfromChilebythewholeCordilleraoftheAndes。
Evento
daythejourneyfromParaguayoftenexceedsamonth。
Charlevoix。
TheBishop，nottobeoutdone，alsopreparedastatement，inwhichheaccusedhisadversaryofallthecrimesthathecouldthinkof，andconfirmedhisstatementwithanoath。Thechapter，thinkingthingswereinanimpossiblecondition，besoughtthatthefinelaidontheexcommunicatedfolkshouldberaisedorlessened，asitappearedtothemtherewasnotmoneyinthetowntosatisfyit。
Cardenasrefused，andthusfourmonthselapsed。SoonafterthisarrivedoneFatherTruxillo，oftheOrderofSt。Francis，whocamefromTucumanasVice
Provincial。Cardenas，thinking，astheywerebothFranciscans，thatTruxillomustneedsbefavourabletohiscause，madehimhisVicar
General，withpowertobindandtounloose
thatis，tofreetheexcommunicatedfolkfromalltheirdisabilitiesif，onexamination，itseemedgoodtohim。Truxillo，whowasquiteunbiassedastomattersinAsuncion，lookedintoeverything，anddeclaredtheGovernorandeverybodyoughttobeabsolved。Hefurthergaveitashisopinionthat，theaffairhavinggonetothehighcourtatCharcas，hecoulddonothingbutgiveaninterimdecree。DonBernardinoheardthenewsatItati，anIndianvillageafewmilesoutsideAsuncion。FromthencehewenttoasomewhatlargervillagecalledYaguaron，andshuthimselfupinaconvent，afterdeclaringeveryoneexceptthesuperiorclergy
undertheseverestcensureoftheChurchiftheyshoulddareapproach。
NotabadplaceforprayerandmeditationisYaguaron。Ascoreortwooflittlehouses，builtofstrawandwoodandthatchedwithpalm
leaves，straggleonthehillsideabovetheshoresofagreatcamalote
coveredlake。
Parrotsscreamnoisilyamongstthetrees，andredmacawshoverlikehawksoverthelittlepatchesofmaizeandmandiocaplantedamongstthepalms。
Roundeveryhouseissetagroveoforange
trees，mingledwithlemons，sweetlimes，andguayabas。Insidethehousesallissocleanthatyoucouldeatfromanyfloorwithlessrepulsionthanfromtheplatesatafirst
classhotel。Aplacewherelifeslipsonaslistlessandluxuriantasthegrowthofabanana，andwhereateveningtime，whenthewomenoftheplacegotofetchwaterinalonglinewithearthenjarsbalancedupontheirheads，thegoldenageseemslessimprobableeventhaninTheocritus。ToYaguaronthehigherclergyflockedtointercedeforthegoodpeopleofAsuncion，allexceptFatherTruxillo，who，knowingsomethingofhisBishop，didnotgo。Thathewaswise，eventsprovedshortly。Twocanons
DiegoPoncedeLeonandFernandoSanchez
heimprisonedintheirrooms，callingthemtraitorstotheirBishopandtheirChurch。
Deputationscamefromthecapitaltobegfortheirrelease，butallinvain。TheBishopansweredthemthathehadsethismindtopurgehisdioceseoftraitors；andthetwocanonsremainedinprison。
Afteradetentionwhichlastedfortydays，theyescapedandfledtoCorrientes，whichmusthavelookeduponAsuncionasavastmadhouse。
Truxillo，whoseemstohavebeenamannotquitesoabsolutelydevoidofsenseastheotherclergy，endeavouredtoorganizeareligious`coupd'etat'；
but，mostunfortunately，aletterhehadwrittentosomeofthesanerclergyfellintotheBishop'shands。Excommunicationsnowpositivelyrainedupontheland。TheGovernor，theJesuits，theDominicans，eachhadtheirturn；but，curiouslyenough，thepoorerpeoplestillstoodfirmtoCardenas，thinking，nodoubt，amanwhotreatedalltherichersortsoharshlymustdosomethingforthepoor。
Nothing，however，wasfurtherfromthethoughtsofCardenas，whothoughtthewholeworldcircledroundhimself。TheBishop'snephewhavingreturnedtoCorrientesandhisformernaughtylife，DonBernardino，castingaboutforanothersecretary，cameononeFranciscoNieto，anapostatefromtheOrderofSt。Francis，andlivingopenlywithanIndianwoman，bywhomhehadason。HimtheBishopmadehischaplain，thenhisconfessor；andpoorNietofoundhimselfobligedtosendhisIndianwifeawayinspiteofallhisprotestsandhiswishtoliveobscurelyashehadbeenlivingbeforehiselevationtothepostofsecretary。
AveritablebeachcomberFatherFranciscoNietoseemstohavebeen，andthetypeofmanyaEuropeaninParaguay，whoasksnobetterthantoforgetthetediumofourmodernlifeandpasshisdaysinalittlepalm
thatchedhutlostinaclearingofawoodornearsomelake。
Camaloteisaspeciesofwater
lilywhichformsathickcoveringonstagnantriversandlakesinParaguayandintheArgentineRepublic。
SoinAsuncionthingswentfrombadtoworse。Suchtradeasthenexistedwasatastandstill，andbandsofstarvingpeopleswarmedinthestreets，whilsttheincursionsofthesavageIndiansdailybecamemorefrequent。
Infact，Asuncionwasbutatypeofwhattheworldwouldbeunderthedominationofanyofthesectswithoutthecounterpoiseofanycivilpower。TheGovernor，seeingthemiseryoneveryside，determined，likeanhonestman，topocketuphisprideandreconcilehimselfwithCardenasatanyprice。So，settingforthwithallhisstaff，hecametoYaguaron。There，likeapenitent，hehadtobearareprimandbeforetheassembledvillageandengagetopayafinebeforetherancorouschurchmanwouldrelievehimfromtheban。
TheweaknessoftheGovernorhadtheeffectthatmighthavebeenexpected，andheavyfineswerelaidonallandsundrywhohadinanymannerdispleasedtheBishoporleanedtotheothersideinthecourseofthedispute。
Rightinthemiddleofthestrugglebetweentheclericalandlayauthorities，abandofoverthreehundredGuaycurusappearedbeforethetown。
Unluckily，allthechiefofficersofthegarrisonwereexcommunicated，andthusincapableofdoinganythingtodefendtheplace。
FoolishasCardenasmostindubitablywas，hisfollydidnotcarryhimsofarastoleavethecapitalofhisdiocesequiteundefended。
Still，hewouldnotgivewayfirst，andonlyatthemomentwhentheIndiansseemedpreparedtoattackthetown，attheentreatyofa`piousvirgin'，heraisedtheexcommunicationontheGovernorandhisofficersforfifteendays。TheGovernor，insteadof，likeasensibleman，seizingtheBishopandgivinghimtothe`cacique'oftheGuaycurus，ledouthistroopsanddrovetheIndiansoff。ThatverynighthefoundhimselfoncemoreunderthecensureoftheChurch，andtheconflictwithhisopponentmorebitterthanatfirst。TheViceroyofPeru，theMarquisofMancera，indignantattheweaknessoftheGovernor，wrotesharplytohim，reprimandinghimandtellinghimatoncetoasserthimselfandforcetheBishoptoconfinehimselftomattersspiritual。OntheGovernor'sattempttoreasserthimself，theanswerwasageneralinterdictlayingtheentirecapitalundertheChurch'sban。Onthis，hemarchedtoYaguaronwithallhistroops，resolvedtotaketheBishopprisoner；buthe，seeingthetroopsapproach，wentoutatonce，fellontheGovernor'sneck，andstraightwayabsolvedhim。
Aftertheabsolutioncameabanquet，whichmusthavebeenalittleconstrained，onemightimagine，andevenlessamusingthantheregulationdinner
partyoftheLondonseason，whereonesitsbetweentwohalf
nakedandperspiringwomeneatinghalf
rawmeatanddrinkingfierywineswiththethermometerateightyintheshade。ThusdisembarrassedfromtheGovernor，DonBernardinoturnedhisattentiontotheJesuits，andsignifiedtothemthatheintendedtotaketheeducationoftheyoungoutoftheirhands。
ThiswasamortalaffronttotheJesuits，astheyhavealwaysunderstoodthatmen，justastheotheranimals，canonlylearnwhilstyoung。
Harduponthisnewstep，Cardenasissuedanedictforbiddingthemtopreachorhearconfessions。AsfortheGovernor，theBishopdidnotfearhim，andthepoorerpeopleofAsuncionhadalwaysinclinedtotheBishop'sparty，eitherthroughterroroftheChurch'sbanorfromtheirnaturalinstinctthattheBishopwasagainsttheGovernment。
ButCardenassawclearlythat，todealashewishedwiththeJesuits，hemustentirelygaintheGovernor'sconfidence。ThishetriedtodobysendingtohimoneFatherLopez，ProvincialoftheDominicans。
ThisLopezwasanableandapparentlyquitehonestman，forhetoldtheGovernorthatthewishofCardenaswastoexpeltheJesuitsfromParaguay，andfromtheirmissions，warninghimatthesametimenottoallowhimselftobemadeuseofbytheBishopinhisdesign。
Fromthatmomentthetwoadversariesseemedtohavechangedcharacters，andDonGregoriobecameascautiousasachurchman，whereastheBishopseemedtoloseallhisdiplomacy。
Toalltheprotestationsoffriendshipwhichwereaddressedtohim，theGovernoransweredsoadroitlythattheBishopfellintothetrap，andthoughthehadsecuredapartnertohelphimintheexpulsionoftheJesuits。Finally，atYaguaron，duringasermon，heformulatedhiscelebratedchargesagainsttheJesuits，which，setonfootbyhimin1644，eventuallycausedtheexpulsionofthewholeOrderfromAmerica，and，thoughrefutedathousandtimes，stilllingerinthewritingofallthosewhotreatthequestiondowntothepresentday。
Thechargeswereseveninnumber，andsoingeniouslycontrivedthatroyal，national，anddomesticindignationwereallarousedbythem。
ThefirstwasthattheJesuitspreventedtheIndiansfrompaying1
theirannualtaxestothecrown。Secondly，thattheJesuitskeptbackthetithesfromBishopsandArchbishops。2Thirdly，hesaidtheJesuitshadrichminesintheirpossession，andthattheproductofthesemineswasallsentoutofthecountrytothegeneralfundatRome。
ThistheJesuitsdisprovedonseveraloccasions，but，asoftenhappensinsuchcases，proofwasofnoavailagainstthefollyofmankind，towhomitseemedincrediblethattheJesuitsshouldburythemselvesindesertstopreachtosavages，unlesstherewassomecountervailingadvantagetobegained。EventhefactthatattheexpulsionoftheCompanyofJesusfromAmericanotreasureatallwasfoundatanyoftheircollegesormissionsdidnotdispeltheconvictionthattheyownedrichmines。ThefourthchargewasthattheJesuitswerenotparticularaboutthesecretsoftheconfessional，andthattheyusedtheinformationthusacquiredfortheirownselfishends。
Further，thatFatherRuizdeMontoyahadacquiredfromtheKing，underamisapprehension，aroyaledict，3givingtheterritoryofthemissionstotheJesuits，thustakingthefruitsoftheirconquestfromtheSpanishcolonists。Fifthly，thattheJesuitsenteredParaguaypossessedbutoftheclothesupontheirbacks，thattheyhadmadethemselvesintothesovereignrulersofagreatterritory，butthathewasgoingtoexpelthem，astheVenetianshadexpelledthemfromVenetia。4
Sixthly，thateventhePortugueseofSanPaulodePiritinangahadexpelledthem。5Hislastassertionwasthathehimself，togetherwiththeBishopofTucumanandothers，hadsecretordersfromtheKingtoexpeltheJesuitsfromtheirdioceses，butthattheotherBishopslackedthecouragewhichheCardenaswasthenabouttoshow。
Hewoundupallbysayingthat，oncetheJesuitsweregone，theKingwouldonceagainenjoyhisrights，theChurchbeonceagainrestoredtofreedom，and，lastly，thattherewouldbeplentyofIndiansforthesettlerstoenslave。Quitepossiblyenough，thepublic，evergeneroustoafaultwithotherpeople'sgoods，caredlittlefortherightsofaKingwholivedtenthousandmilesaway；
andasfortheChurch，itseemsmostprobabletheyfailedtoseetheperilthatsheran。ButwhentheBishopspokeofenslavingtheIndians，theysawtheJesuitsmustgo，forfromtheconquesttheJesuitshadstoodbetweenthesettlersandtheirprey。Allthingsconsidered，DonBernardinomadearemarkablediscoursethatSundaymorninginthepalm
thatchedvillagebythelake，fortheechoofitstillresoundsinthereligiousworldagainsttheJesuits。
1Thiswasuntrue，astheJesuitmissionswerenotatthattime1644
apportionedintoparishesundertheauthorityoftheJesuits，andsuchtributeasthenwascustomarywasallcollectedbygovernmentofficials。
2Thiswasalsountrue，asthetitheswereneverregulatedinParaguaytill1649。
3Thisaccusationwasquiteuntrue，fortheedictreferredtowasnotobtainedundermisapprehension，butafteracompleteexpositionofallthefacts。Moreover，itwassubsequentlyrenewedonseveraloccasionsbytheSpanishKings。
4TheVenetiansdidnotexpeltheJesuits，theyleftVenetiaoftheirownaccord。
5FathersMontoyaandTanowentrespectivelytoRomeandtoMadridtolaythesorrowsoftheIndiansbeforetheKingandPope。
HavingobtainedtheedictfromtheKingthatCardenasreferredto，andabrieffromthePopeUrbanVIII。forbiddingslavery，theyhadthehardihoodtoappearwithinthecityofSanPauloandaffixbothedictstothechurchdoor。Aswastobeexpected，thePaulistasimmediatelyexpelledthemfromtheirterritories，andhencethesemi
truthofthesixthchargemadebyBishopCardenas。
Likeothermenafteranotablepronouncement，itismostprobablethatCardenaswasunawareofthefullimportofhiswords。
Perhapshethoughtasspeakerswillthatallthebestportionsofhissermonhadbeenleftunsaid。Bethatasitmay，heshortlyturnedhisthoughtstoothermattersofmoredirectimportancetohimself。
Injudgingofhislife，itshouldnotbeforgottenthat，byhissermonatYaguaron，heplacedhimselfuponthesideofthosewhowantedtoenslavetheIndians。Perhapshedidnotknowthis，andcertainlyhispopularityamongsttheIndiansoutsidethemissionswasenormous。HisnextadventurewastotryandejecttheJesuitsfromafarmtheyhad，calledSanIsidro。TheGovernorhavingforbiddenhimtodoso，hearmedanarmyofhispartisanstoexpeltheJesuitsfromtheircollegeinthecapital。
OutsideAsunciontheLieutenant
Governor，DonFranciscoFlorez，mettheBishop'ssecretary，FatherNieto，whoinformedhimoftheenterprise，exhortinghimtoenlistthesympathiesoftheGovernorinsogoodacause。
Florez，abetterdiplomatistthanhiscommandingofficer，seemedtoapprove，andnaturallydeceivedpoorFatherNieto，who，likemosthypocrites，becameaneasypreytohisowntacticswhenusedagainsthimself。
FlorezinformedtheGovernoratonce，andhesenttotheJesuits，andputthemontheirguard。NextdayhemettheBishop，andtoldhimthathisenterprisecouldnotsucceed，astheJesuitswereunderarms。
NodoubthelearnedtheseartificesinhiscampaignsagainsttheIndiansofArauco，oritmayhavebeenthat，likeotherswhohavehadtostrivewithchurchmen，helearnedtobeatthemwiththeirowncontroversialarms。TheBishopfellcompletelyintothesnare，and，thinkingtheGovernorwasafastfriend，confidedallhisplanstohimfortheexpulsionoftheJesuitsandtheconquestofthemissionterritory。
JustthenCaptainDonPedroDiazdelVallecamefromLaPlata，andgaveDonBernardinoanewdecisionoftheHighCourtofCharcas，tellinghimtoliveinpeacewithallmen，andgovernhisdiocesewithzeal。
Hecertainlywaszealoustoanextraordinarydegree，ifnotjudicious。
Therefore，theverymentionoftheword`zeal'musthavebeenpeculiarlyoffensivetosuchazealousman。Theletterwentontosaythatallthefineshehadexactedwereillegal，andcommandedhimtogivebackthe`yerba'whichhehadextortedfromhisinvoluntarypenitents，andinthefutureliveonbettertermswithallaroundhim。Toallofthishepaidnonotice，aswastobeexpected，but，toavoidreturningthe`yerba'，sentalettertohisofficerstohaveitburned。Thisletter，whichhedenied，wassubsequentlyproducedagainsthimintheHighCourtatCharcas。
SeeingtheGovernorwasbentonfrustratingorondeceivinghim，hetriedtogetfromDonSebastianLeon，whoheldanofficeundertheGovernor，anedictoftheEmperorCharlesV。，whichhehadheardwasinthearchives，andwhichprovidedthat，incaseaGovernorshoulddieorbedeposed，thenotablesoftheplacehadpowertoappointaninterimGovernortofillhisplace。
Ifsuchapapereverexisted，itmusthavebeenaveryearlydocumentgivenbyCharlesV。atthefoundationofthecolony，fornothingwasmoreopposedtothetraditionsofSpanishpolicythroughoutAmerica。
DonSebastianLeonhavinginformedtheGovernor，thelattersawthatthingswerecomingtoacrisis，andthateitherheortheBishopwouldhavetoleavetheplace。Notbeingsureofallhistroops，andtheBishophavingthepopulaceuponhisside，hesenttotheJesuitmissionsforsixhundredIndians。Thusthesupremacyoftheroyalgovernmentfelltobesupportedbymenbutjustemergingfromasemi
nomadlife，whoowedthetinctureofcivilizationtheypossessedtothecalumniatedJesuits。
OnmanyoccasionsarmiesofIndiansfromtheJesuitmissionsrenderedimportantservicestothecrownofSpain:notonlyagainstthePortuguese，butagainstEnglishcorsairs，andinrebellions，asinthecaseofCardenas；oraswhen，intheyear1680，PhilipV。wrotetotheGovernorofBuenosAyrestogarrisontheportwithacontingentofIndiansfromtheJesuitreductions；in1681，whentheFrenchattackedtheportwithasquadronoffour
and
twentyships；
andatthefirstsiegeoftheColonia，in1678，whenthreethousandIndiansmarchedtotheattack，accompaniedbytheirJesuitpastors，butunderthecommandofSpanishofficers。
Funes，`HistoriaCivildelParaguay，Buenos
Ayres，yTucuman'。
AnarmyfromtheJesuitmissionsconsistedalmostentirelyofcavalry。
ItmarchedmuchlikeaSouthAmericanarmyoftwentyyearsagowaswonttomarch。Infrontwasdriventhe`caballada'，consistingofthesparehorses；thencamethevanguard，composedofthebestmountedsoldiers，undertheir`caciques'。
Thenfollowedthewivesandwomenofthesoldiers，drivingthebaggage
mules，andlastlysomeherdsmendroveatroopofcattleforthementoeat。
WhenJesuitsaccompaniedthearmy，theydidnotenterintoaction，butweremostintrepidinsuccouringthewoundedunderfire，asFunes，inhis`HistoriaCivildelParaguay'，etc。，
relateswhenspeakingoftheirconductatthesiegeoftheColoniain1703。
Forarmstheycarriedlances，slings，`chuzos'broad
pointedspears，lazos，andbolas，andhadamongstthemcertainverylongEnglishgunswithreststofirefrom，notveryheavy，andofagoodrange。
EachdaytheaccompanyingJesuitssaidMass，andeachtowncarrieditsparticularbannerbeforethetroop。Theygenerallycamped，ifpossible，intheopenplain，bothtoavoidsurprisesandforconvenienceinguardingthecattleandthe`caballada'。InalltheterritoriesofSouthAmericanosuchquietandwell
behavedsoldierywastobefound；
forinChile，Peru，Mexico，andGuatemala，thepassageofanarmywassimilartothepassingofaswarmoflocustsinitseffect。
ThetestimonyofFunesisasfollows:`A/juiciodetestigoocularnoesma/sadmirablelasangrefriadesuscapellanes'
`HistoriaCivildelParaguay'，bookiii。，cap。viii。。
DonBernardino，onhisside，wasoccupiedinanimatingthepopulaceagainsttheJesuitswithallthefervourofanApostle。Naturally，hefirstcommencedbylaunchinghisusualsentenceofexcommunicationagainstthem，andhavingdonesoreturnedagaintoYaguaron。Thisvillage，likeotherParaguayanvillages，manyofwhichintimesgonebyhavebeenthescenesofstirringepisodes，retainsto
daybutlittletodistinguishit。
Naturehasprovedtoopowerfulinthelong
runformentofightagainst。
Oneverysidethewoodsseemreadytooverwhelmtheplace。
Grassgrowsbetweenthewoodenstepsoftheneglectedchurch；
seibos，lapachos，espinillosdeolor，allboundtogetherwithlianas，encroachtothevergesofthelittleclearingsinwhichgrowsmandioca，lookinglikeafieldofsticks。Alldaytheparrotsscream，andtoucansandpicafloresdartabout；ateveningthemonkeyshowlinchorus；
atnightthejaguarprowlsabout，andgiantbatsfastenupontheincautioussleeper，or，fixingthemselvesuponahorse，leavehimexhaustedinthemorningwiththelossofblood。
WhenCardenasusedtheplaceasasortofAvignonfromwhichtosafelyutterhisanathemas，itmusthavewornadifferentaspect。
Nodoubtprocessionsandceremonieswerecontinual，withcarryingaboutthesaintsinpublic，acustomwhichtheParaguayansirreverentlyrefertoas`sacandoa/luzlosbultos'。Messengers`chasquis'，nodoubt，cameandwentperpetually，asisthecustomincountriessuchasParaguay，wherenewsisvaluableandhorsefleshcheap。Theretoflocked，toamoralcertainty，allthebrokensoldierswhoswarmedincountrieslikePeruandParaguay，withIndian`caciques'lookingoutforworktodowhenwhitemenquarrelledandthroatsweretobecut。Priestswentandcame，friarsandmissionaries；andCardenasmostcertainly，wholovedeffect，gaveallhisemeraldringtokiss，andmadethosepromiseswhichleadersofrevoltlavishoneveryoneintimesofdifficulty。
Literally，`takingouttheblockstoair'。Theeffigiesaremadeofhardandheavywood，andIrememberonceinConcepciondeParaguayassistingonaswelteringdaytocarryaMadonnaweighingaboutfivehundredweight。
WhentheIndiancontingentarrived，theGovernormarcheduponYaguaron，althoughtheairwaspositivelyluridwithexcommunications。
TheBishop，rushingtothechurch，wasinterceptedbytheGovernor，whoseizedhisarmandtriedtostophim。Cardenasstruggledwithhim，anddeclaredhimexcommunicatedforlayinghishandupontheanointedoftheLord。But，mostunfortunately，therewasnoFitz
UrseathandtoridtheGovernorofsoturbulentapriest。
AmulattowomanrushedtotheBishop'said，togetherwithsomepriests。
ThisgavehimtimetogainthealtarandseizetheHost，whichheexposedatoncetothepublicgaze，andforthemomentallpresentfellupontheirknees。TurningtotheGovernor，heaskedwhathewantedwitharmedmeninachurch。TheGovernorrepliedhehadcometobanishhimfromParaguay，byorderoftheViceroy，forhavinginfringeduponthetemporalpower。Cardenas，takenaback，repliedhewouldobey，and，turningtothepeople，tookthemallforwitnesses。TheGovernor，nodoubtthinkinghewasdealingwithanhonestAraucanchief，retired。TheBishopimmediatelydenouncedtheGovernorinafurioussermon，afterwhichheleftthechurch，carryingtheHostinfullprocession，accompaniedbythechoirsingingthe`PangeLingua'，followedbyabandofIndianwomenwiththeirhairdishevelled，andcarryinggreenbranchesintheirhands。
Hethenreturnedtothechurch，andfromthepulpitdenouncedtheGovernor，who，standingatthedoorsurroundedbyagroupofarquebusiersblowingtheirmatches，answeredhimfuriously。
TheproverbsaysinParaguay，`Nosefiademulanimulata'。
Thehonours，sotospeak，beingthusequallydivided，itremainedforonesideortheothertonegotiate。Cardenas，knowinghimselfmuchablerinnegotiationsthanhisadversary，proposedaconference，inwhichheborehimselfsoskilfullythathemadetheGovernorconsenttodismisshisIndians，andallowhimsixdaystomakehispreparationsfortheroad。Thissettled，atdeadofnighthesetoutforthecapital。
Arrivedthere，heshowedhimselfinpublicinhisgreenhat，havinguponhisbreastalittleboxofglassinwhichheboretheHost。
Abandofpriestsescortedhim，allwitharmsconcealedbeneaththeircloaks，inthetruespiritoftheChurchmilitant。Thebellswererung，andeveryeffortstrainedtoraiseatumult，butallinvain。
HehadtothrowhimselfforrefugeintotheconventoftheFranciscans。
Atoncehesetabouttofortifytheplacetostandasiege。Inseveralplacesheconstructedembrasuresforguns，andpiercedthewallsformusketry。
But，thinkingthathisbestdefencelayinthefollyofthepeople
aspublicmenalwayshavedone，anddo
hesenttotheCathedralforastatueoftheBlessedVirgin，andanotherofSanBlas，andplacedthematthegate。Then，rememberingthatcalumnywasamostserviceableweapon，heputaboutthetownareportthattheIndiansfromthemissionshadpillagedYaguaron，andthattheyeventhenweremarchingontheplace。AgainrecurringtotheedictofCharlesV。，whichhepretendedtohavefound，heissuedaproclamationthat，asthepresentGovernorwasexcommunicated，andthereforecouldnotgovern，theofficebeingvacant，heintendedtonominateanotherinhisstead。Hissubsequentbehaviourshowsmostclearlythathewishedtonominatehimself。
AgainbothsidessentoffarelationoftheirdoingstotheHighCourtofCharcas。DonBernardinowroteinhisthattheJesuitshadofferedtheGovernorthirtythousandcrowns，andplacedathousandmenathiscommand，ifhewouldexpeltheBishopfromthecountry，underthebeliefthatheDonBernardinoknewoftheirhiddenminesinthemissionterritory。Hiswitnesseswerestudentsandpriests，andoneoftheseprovingrecalcitrant，theBishophadhimheavilychained，andthensuspendedoutsidetheconventoftheFranciscans。
Thisdrastictreatmenthadthedesiredeffect，astorturealwayshaswithreasonablemen，andthepoorwitnesssigned，butafterwardsprotested，thusgivingagoodexampleinhimselfofthetruthoftheSpanishsaying，`Protestandpay'。
`Pagaryapelar'。
Bythistimethepatienceandlong
sufferingoftheGovernorwerequiteexhausted。HethereforesenttotheBishoptosayashipwasreadytotakehimdowntheriver，andatthesametimeremindedhimofhispromiseatYaguarontoobeytheorderoftheViceroyofPeru。Hesentthemessagebytheroyalnotary，GomezdeCoyeso，whoaccordinglyrepairedtotheconventofSanFrancisco。Atthedoorapriestappeared，armedwithajavelin，whothreetimestriedtowoundthenotary，onwhichtheGovernorstationedabandoffiftysoldiersattheconventgate，inspiteofthepresenceofthestatuesoftheBlessedVirginandSanBlas。
Then，havingpublishedanedictthattheBishopwasdeposed，heproceededtoelectanotherinhisstead。
Oneofthecanons，DonCristobalSanchez，whohadgovernedthedioceseduringtheinterregnumbeforetheadventofDonBernardino，stilllivedinretirementnearthetown。TheGovernorapproachedhimwiththerequestthathewouldoncemoretaketheinterimchargeuntiltheKingshouldsendanotherBishoptoreplaceCardenas。
Sanchezconsented，ontheunderstandingthattheGovernorwouldguaranteehispersonalsafety。Thisbeingdone，SanchezwastakentotheJesuitcollegeasthesecurestplace。
SoitfelloutthateverythingconcurredtostrengthenthehatredoftheBishoptotheJesuits。TotheJesuitcollegecametheGovernorandallthenotables，and，havingtakenSanchezinprocessionthroughthestreets，theyplacedhimontheBishop'sthroneintheCathedral，andinvestedhimwithallthepowerthathehadheldbeforethecomingofDonBernardinoCardenas。TheproclamationsetforthbytheGovernoralludedtotheinformalityoftheconsecrationofDonBernardino，andtohisactionsduringhistimeofpower。
AtlasttheBishopsawthathemustgo。So，afterlaunchingasupremeanathema，andafterhavingexpressedhisgreatunwillingnesstotarrylongerinacitywherehalfthepopulationhadincurredthecensureoftheChurch，andmarkedwithacrossthosechurcheswherehepermittedMasstobecelebrated，hewentonboardtheship。
Beforeembarking，hedrewasilverbellfromunderneathhiscloak，andtothesoundofithesolemnlyproclaimedthetownaccursed。
ThebellsoftheFranciscanconventandtheBishop'spalace，accordingtohisorders，alltolledloudly。Thiscausedsomuchconfusionthat，inordertoappeasethetumult，theauthoritiesorderedthebellsofallthechurchesinthetowntoring。
Enteringthevessel，DonBernardinosathimselfuponthepooponalowstool，withalltheclergywhowerefaithfultohimgroupedaboutthedeck。Withhimhehadthesacredwaferinaglassbox，andnotfaroffagroupofsailorsontheforecastleloungedaboutsmokinganddrinking`mate'whilsttheyplayedatcards。
SomeoneremindedhimitwasnotfittingthatGod'sBodyshouldthusbeseensoneartosailors，andthereforetheBishop，accordingtothecustomoftheChurchincasesofaccidentordesecration，consumedtheoffendedwafer，andpeacedescendedontheship。
Thus，in1644，hetookhisfirstdeparturefromtheplacewhereforthelasttwoyearshehadbroughtcertainlyratheraswordthanpeace。
Hisfriendsassuredthepublicthat，atthemomenthesteppedonboardtheship，starswereseentofallfromheaventowardsthechurchofSt。Luke，andpassedfromthencetotheepiscopalpalaceanddisappeared；
thatatthesametimeaslightshockofearthquakehadbeenexperienced；
thatstoneshaddancedabout，andseveralhillshadtrembled。
Thesun，quitenaturally，hadappearedblood
red；troubleanddesolationhadenteredeveryheart，andanimalshadprophesiedwoeanddestruction，predictingruinandmisfortunetothetowntillthegoodBishopshouldreturnoncemore。
TheeventsofthepasttwoyearsinParaguayhadnotbeenfavourabletotheconversionoftheIndians。Notonlyinthemissions，wheretheneophyteshadseenthemselvesobligedtofurnishtroopsagainsttheirBishop，butintheterritoryofParaguayitself，theIndianshadnothadagoodexampleofhowChristianscarryoutthedutiesoftheirfaith。Asageneralrule，theIndianunlikethenegro
careslittlefordogma，butplaceshisbeliefentirelyingoodworks。
PerhapsonthisaccounttheJesuits，alsobelieversingoodworks，havehadthemostsuccessamongstthem。Bethatasitmay，theJesuits，afterthedepartureoftheBishop，foundthatmanyoftheirrecentconvertshadfallenawayandgonebacktothewoods。
WhilstJesuitsinParaguaywereseekingtoconverttheIndians，andwhilsttheGovernor，nodoubt，wasthankinghisstarsfortheabsenceofhisrival，inRomethequestionoftheBishop'sconsecrationfilledallminds。FromMay9，1645，toOctober2ofthesameyearnolessthanfourcongregationsofthePropagandahadbeenheldaboutthecase。ThePopehimselfwaspresentatoneofthem。
Nothingwasarrivedattill1658，whenfinallytheconsecrationwasdeclaredinorder，butnotuntilDonBernardinowasappointedtoanothersee。