Butitisnotonlythemenwhogoabroad；inmanycasesladiesalsotravelbythemselves。OnseveraloccasionsladyfriendsfromWashington，Philadelphia，andNewYorkhavevisitedmeinPeking。
ThisisoneoftheAmericans'strongpoints。Isitnotwiserandmuchmoreusefultodisburseafewhundreddollarsorsointravellingandgainingknowledge，comingincontactwithotherpeoplesandenlargingthemind，thantospendlargesumsofmoneyingaudydresses，preciousstones，trinkets，andotherluxuries？
InalargecountrylikeAmericawhereaconsiderableportionofthelandstillremainspracticallyuncultivatedorundeveloped，hardy，industrious，andpatientworkmenareanecessity。
Butthealmostuncheckedinfluxofimmigrantswhoarenotdesirablecitizenscannotbutharmthecountry。Inthesedaysofinternationaltradeitisrightthatingressandegressfromonecountrytoanothershouldbeunhampered，butpersonswhohavecommittedcrimesathome，orwhoareignorantandilliterate，cannotbecomedesirablecitizensanywhere。
TheyshouldbebarredoutoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica。Itiswellknownthatforeignerstakepartinthemunicipalandfederalaffairsofthecountryassoonastheybecomecitizens。Nowifsuchpersonsreallyworkedforthegoodoftheiradoptedcountry，therecouldbenoobjectiontothis，butitisnosecretthatmanyhavenosuchmotives。Thatbeingso，itisaquestionwhetherstepsshouldnotbetakentolimittheirfreedom。
Ontheotherhand，asmanyfarmssufferfromlackofworkmen，peoplefromwhatevercountrywhoareindustrious，patient，andperseveringoughttobeadmittedaslaborers。Theywouldbeagreatboontothenation。
Thefearofcompetitionbycheaplaboriscauseless；regulationsmightbedrawnupforthecontroloftheseforeignlaborers，andontheirarrivaltheycouldbedraftedtothoseplaceswheretheirservicesmightbemosturgentlyneeded。SolongashonestandsteadyworkmenareexcludedfornoreasonotherthanthattheyareAsiatics，whilewhitemenareindiscriminatelyadmitted，Ifearthattheprosperityofthecountrycannotbeconsideredpermanent，foragricultureisthebackboneofstablewealth。Yetatpresentitisthecountry'swealthwhichisoneoftheimportantfactorsofAmerica'sgreatness。
IntheUnitedStatestherearethousandsofindividualswhosefortunesarecountedbysevenoreightfiguresingolddollars。
Andmuchofthismoneyhasbeenusedtobuildrailways，ortodevelopmanufactoriesandotherusefulindustries。
Thecountryhasgrowngreatthroughusefulwork，andnotonaccountofthearmyandnavy。
In1881America'sarmynumberedonly26，622men，andhernavyconsistedofonly24iron-clads，2torpedo-boats，and25tugs，butin1910thepeacestrengthofherarmywas96，628andthenavyboasted33battleshipsand120armoredcruisersofdifferentsizes。
WithinthelastfewyearsithasbeenthepolicyofmanynationstoincreasethearmyandtobuildasmanyDreadnaughtsandsuper-dreadnaughtsaspossible。ManystatesmenhavebeeninfectedbythisDreadnaughtfever。
Theirpolicyseemstobebasedontheideathatthesafetyofanationdependsonthenumberofitsbattleships。Evenpeacefulandmoderatemenarecarriedawaybythishobby，andsupportit。Itisforgottenthatgreatchangeshavetakenplaceduringthelasttwentyorthirtyyears；
thatanationcannowbeattackedbymeansquitebeyondthereachofDreadnaughts。Theenormoussumsspentonthesefrightfulmonsters，ifappliedtomoreworthyobjects，wouldhaveagreatereffectinpreservingthenations'heritagesthananythingthesemonstrositiescando。
Thenationwhichhasalargearmyandastrongnavymaybecalledpowerful，butitcannotbeconsideredgreatwithoutothergoodrequisites。
Iconsideranationasgreatwhensheispeacefully，justly，andhumanelygoverned，andwhenshepossessesalargenumberofbenevolentandgoodmenwhohaveavoiceintheadministration。
Thegreaterthenumberofgoodmenthatanationpossessesthegreatershebecomes。Americaisknowntohavealargenumberofsuchmenandwomen，menandwomenwhodevotetheirtimeandmoneytopreachingpeaceamongthenations。Mr。AndrewCarnegieisworthahundredDreadnaughts。HeandotherslikehimarethechieffactorsinsafeguardingtheinterestsandwelfareofAmerica。TheterritoryoftheUnitedStatesisseparatedfromEuropeandothercountriesbyvastoceans；sothatitwouldbedifficult，ifnotimpossible，forafoetosuccessfullyattackanyportionofthatcountry。
Butwhowishestoattackher？Shehasscarcelyanenemy。
Nocountryisinvadedbyanotherwithoutcause，andastheUnitedStatesisinfriendlyrelationswithallthePowers，thereisnoreasontofearforeigninvasion。Evenshouldaforeignpowersuccessfullyattackherandusurpaportionofherterritories，asuppositionwhichismostimprobable，wouldtheenemybeabletoholdwhatheseized？Historyshowsthatnoconqueredcountryhaseverbeensuccessfullyandpermanentlykeptwithoutthepeople'sconsent，andthereisnottheleastchancethattheAmericanswilleverconsenttotheruleofaforeigngovernment。
ItistobehopedthattheUnitedStateswillnotfollowtheexampleofothernationsandundulyincreaseherarmaments，butthatshewilltaketheleadintheuniversalpeacemovementandshowtheworldthatagreatpowercanexistandmaintainherpositionwithoutforceofarms。Iamawarethatgeneraldisarmamentisnotpopularamongstatesmen，thatithasbeendenouncedbyaneminentauthorityasa"will-o'-thewisp"，thatarbitrationhasbeenstyleda"Jack-o'-lantern"，butthisisnotthefirsttimeagoodandworkableschemehasbeenbrandedwithopprobriousnames。Theabolitionofslaverywasatonetimeconsideredtobeaninsaneman'sdream；nowallpeoplebelieveinit。
Willthetwentiethcenturywitnessthecollapseofourpresentcivilization？
Whyaretheworld'sarmamentsconstantlyincreasing？
Tomyminditisduetotwocauses，oneofwhichismistrust。
OnenationbeginstobuildDreadnaughts，anotherdoesthesamethroughfearandmistrust。Thesecondcauseisthatitisthefashionofsomenationstofollowtheexampleofothersthattheymaypreservetheirpositionasgreatnavalpowers。
ButitisunnecessaryfortheUnitedStatestoshowsuchmistrustortofollowsuchfashion。Sheshouldrather，asbecomesagreatandpowerfulnation，takeanindependentcourseofherown。Ifshesetstheexampleothernationsinduetimewillfollowher。Thepeaceoftheworldwillbemoresurelyguarded，andAmericawillwintheapprobation，therespect，andthegratitudeofallpeace-lovingpeople。
Chapter3。AmericanGovernmentDemocraticprincipleswereenunciatedbyChinesephilosophersaslongagoas4，500years，andfromtimetotimevariousemperorsandstatesmenhaveendeavoredtoapplythemtothegovernmentofChina，buttheseprinciplesinalltheirminutedetailshavebeenexemplifiedonlybythewisdomofthestatesmenintheWest。IntheUnitedStatestheyareinfullswing。AsChinahasnowbecomeaRepublic，notinnameonlybutinfact，itwillbewellforherstatesmenandpoliticianstoexaminetheAmericanconstitution，andtostudyitsworkings。
TodothisatcloserangeitwillbenecessaryforthestudenttovisitWashington，theCapitaloftheUnitedStatesofAmerica。
HerehewillfindthePresident，orthechiefofthenation。
Withtheco-operationofhisCabinetandalargestaffofassistants，thePresidentadministerstheaffairsoftheFederalGovernment。
Hemaybeanewmanandhavehadnoprevioustrainingindiplomacy，andlittleadministrativeexperience，butinallprobabilityheisamanofresourceandadaptability，whohasmasteredeverydetailofhishighoffice。Allimportantmattersarereferredtohim，sothathisdailyworktaxeshiswholestrengthandenergy。
AnotherpartofhisfunctionistoseetheCongressmen，Senators，orRepresentatives，andotherswhocalltoseehimonbusiness，andthistakesupagreatpartofhistime。Infact，heisexpectedtobe，andgenerallyis，`Suaviterinmodo，fortiterinre'。
InWashingtontheNationalCongress，whichiscomposedoftheSenateandoftheHouseofRepresentatives，holdsitssittingsintheCapitol，andpassesbillssubjecttotheapprovalofthePresident。
Ifhesignsabillitbecomeslaw，andbindsthenation。
Thebasicprincipleofdemocracyisthesovereigntyofthepeople，butasthepeoplecannotofthemselvesgovernthecountry，theymustdelegatetheirpowertoagentswhoactforthem。
ThustheyelecttheChiefMagistratetogovernthecountry，andlegislatorstomakethelaws。Thepowersgiventotheseagentsareirrevocableduringtheirrespectivetermsofoffice。Theelectorsareabsolutelyboundbytheiractions。WhateverlawsCongressmaypass，thepeoplemuststrictlyobey；thustheservantsofthepeoplereallybecometheirmasters。Thereisnofear，however，thattheirmastersprotemporewillbetraytheirtrust，asanyneglectofdutyontheirpart，ordisregardofthewishesoftheirconstituents，wouldmostlikelydestroytheirchancesofre-election。
AccordingtothetermsoftheConstitution，thesenatorsandrepresentativesmustberesidentsofthestatesforwhichtheyarechosen。
Thisisanexcellentprovision，insuringthatthepeople'sdelegatespossesslocalknowledgeandknowhowtosafeguardtheinterestsandwelfareofthestateswhichsentthemtoWashington。Ontheotherhand，aseachstate，irrespectiveofitssize，isentitledtoelectonlytwoSenators，andtosendonlyalimitednumberofRepresentativestotheHouse，proportionallytoitspopulation，unfortunatelyitfrequentlyhappensthateminent，capable，andwell-knownpublicmen，oflargeexperience，aredeprivedofanopportunitytoservetheircountry。InEngland，andinsomeotherlands，theelectorsmaychooseastheirrepresentativearesidentofanycity，borough，orcountyastheyplease，anditonlyoccasionallyhappensthatthememberofParliamentactuallylivesinthedistrictwhichherepresents。IsitadvisabletoadoptasimilarsystemintheUnitedStates？ItcouldnotbedonewithoutamendingtheConstitution，andthiswouldnotbeeasy；
buteverynation，aswellaseachindividual，shouldbeprepared，atalltimes，toreceivefreshlight，andbewillingtochangeoldcustomstosuitnewconditions，andsoImakethesuggestion。
ThefixingoffouryearsasthetermofofficeforthePresidentwasanexcellentidea，intendednodoubttopreventanunpopularorbadPresidentfromremainingtoolonginpower。Itis，however，graduallydawningonthemindsofintelligentpeoplethatthislimitedterm，thoughexcellentintheory，isveryinconvenientinpractice。
HoweverintelligentandcapableanewPresidentmaybe，severalmonthsmustelapsebeforehecanthoroughlyunderstandallthedetailsincidentaltohisexaltedposition，involving，inadditiontounavoidablesocialfunctions，thedailyreceptionofcallers，andmanyothermultifariousduties。Bythetimehehasbecomefamiliarwiththesematters，andtheworkoftheofficeisrunningsmoothly，halfofhistermhasgone；andshouldheaspiretoasecondterm，whichisquitenatural，hemustdevoteagreatdealoftimeandattentiontoelectioneering。FouryearsisplainlytooshortaperiodtogiveanyPresidentachancetodojusticeeithertohimselfortothenationwhichentrustedhimwithhisheavyresponsibilities。
Presidentialelectionsarenationalnecessities，butthelessfrequentlytheyoccurthebetterforthegeneralwelfareofthecountry。
ThosewhohavebeenintheUnitedStatesduringcampaignyears，andhaveseenthecomplicatedworkingofthepoliticalmachinery，andallitsseriousconsequences，will，Ifeelconvinced，agreewithwhatIsay。DuringthegreaterpartoftheyearinwhichaPresidenthastobeelectedtheentirenationisabsorbedintheevent，allthepeople，bothhighandlow，beingmoreorlesskeenlyinterestedintheissue，andthepreparationsleadinguptoit。
Theyseemtoputeverythingelseintheshade，andtogivemoreattentiontothisthantoanythingelse。Politiciansandofficialswhohaveapersonalinterestintheresult，willdevotetheirwholetimeandenergytothework。Otherswhoarelessactive，still，directlyorindirectly，taketheirshareintheelectioneering。Campaignfundshavetoberaisedandlargesumsofmoneyaredisbursedinmanydirections。
Allthissadlyinterruptsbusiness；itnotonlytakesmanybusinessmenfromtheirmorelegitimateduties，butitpreventsmerchantsandlargecorporationsfromembarkinginnewenterprises，andsoincidentallylimitsthedemandforlabor。Inshort，thewholenationispracticallyhurledintoastateofbustleandexcitement，andthegeneraltradeofthecountryisseriouslyaffected。
AyoungmaninWashington，whowasengagedtobemarried，oncetoldmethathewastoobusytothinkofmarriageuntiltheelectionwasover。
IftheFrenchsystemwerefollowed，andthePresidentwereelectedbyamajorityofthecombinedvotesoftheSenateandtheHouseofRepresentatives，theinconveniences，theexcitementsandexpenseaboveenumeratedmightbeavoided，butIthinkthepeopleofAmericawouldratherenduretheseevilsthanbedeprivedofthepleasureofelectingtheirPresidentthemselves。Thealternateremedy，sofarasIcansee，istoextendthepresidentialtermto，say，sixorsevenyears，withoutanychanceofare-election。
Ifthisproposalwereadopted，thePresidentwouldbemorefreeandindependent，hewouldnotbehauntedbythebugbearoflosinghispositionbytemporarilydispleasinghispoliticalfriends，hecouldgivehisundividedattention，ashecannotdonow，tofederalaffairs，andworkwithoutbiasorfear，andwithoutinterruption，forthewelfareofhisnation。Hewouldhavemorechanceofreallydoingsomethingforhiscountrywhichwasworthwhile。
Afurtheradvantageisthatthecountrywouldnotbesofrequentlytroubledwiththeturmoilandexcitementarisingfromthepresidentialelection。
IfIwereallowedtoprophecy，IshouldsaythattheyoungRepublicofChina，profitingbytheexperiencesofFranceandAmerica，willmostlikelyadopttheFrenchsystemofelectingitsPresident，ordevelopasystemsomewhatsimilartoit。
OneofthedefectsintheAmericanwayofgovernmentisthespoilssystem，inaccordancewiththemaxim，"Tothevictorbelongsthespoils。"
ThenewPresidenthastherightofdismissingalargenumberoftheholdersofFederalOffices，andtoappointintheirplaceshisfriends，ormenofhispartywhohaverendereditservices，orwhohaveotherwisebeeninstrumentalingettinghimelected。
Iamtoldthatthousandsofofficialsareturnedoutinthiswayeveryfouryears。PresidentJacksonintroducedthepractice，andalmosteverysucceedingPresidenthascontinuedit。
Thisspoilssystemhasbeenadoptedbyalmosteverystateandmunicipality；
itformsindeedthecorner-stoneofpracticalpoliticsintheUnitedStates。
Ineverycountry，allovertheworld，therearecaseswherepositionsandplacesofemolumenthavebeenobtainedthroughinfluentialfriends，buttodismisspublicservantswhoaredoingusefulwork，fornobetterreasonthansimplytomakeroomforothers，isverybadforthecivilservice，andforthecountryitserves。
Attemptstoremedytheseevilshavebeenmadewithinrecentyearsbytheintroductionofwhatiscalled"CivilServiceReform"，bywhichacandidateisappointedtoapostafteranexamination，andthetermofhisserviceisfixed。Ifthisistobestrictlyadheredtoinallcases，thePresidentwillbe，toagreatextent，deprivedofthemeansofrewardinghispoliticalfriends。
InthatcaseIdoubtiftheprofessionalpoliticiansandwirepullerswillbesoactiveandarduousastheyhavehithertobeen，asthechiefaiminsecuringtheelectionofthenomineewillhavebeentakenaway。
GreatcreditisduetoPresidentTaftforhiscourageandimpartiality，inthatafterassumingthedutiesofthehighofficetowhichhewaselected，hegaveappointmentstomenaccordingtotheirability，irrespectiveofpartyclaims，andevenwentsofarastoinviteoneortwogentlemenofknownability，whobelongedtotheoppositeparty，tobecomemembersofhisCabinet。
InAmericamenarenotanxiousforofficialoffices。
Menpossessingtalentandability，withbusinessacumen，areingreatdemand，andcandistinguishthemselvesintheirseveralprofessionsinvariousways；
theycaneasilyattainapositionofwealthandinfluence，andsosuchmenkeepoutofpolitics。Itmustnot，however，beinferredfromthisthatthegovernmentofficialsinAmericaareincompetent。
OnthecontraryIgladlytestifyfrommypersonalexperiencethattheworkdonebythemisnotonlyefficient，butthat，takenasawhole，theycomparemostfavorablywithanyotherbodyofgovernmentofficialsinEurope。Still，onaccountofthesmallsalariespaid，itisnottobewonderedatthatexceptionallygoodmencannotbeinducedtoacceptofficialpositions。IhaveknownseveralCabinetMinisterswho，afterholdingtheirofficesfortwoorthreeyears，wereobligedtoresignandresumetheirformerbusiness，andaPresidenthasbeenknowntoexperiencegreatdifficultyingettinggoodandcompetentmentosucceedthem。
TheseremarksdonotapplytothePresident，notbecausethePresident'ssalaryislarge，forcomparedwithwhatEuropeanKingsandEmperorsreceiveitisverysmall，butbecausethepositionis，farandaboveanyother，thelargestgiftthepeoplecanbestow。Noonehaseverbeenknowntorefuseapresidentialnomination。Ibelieveanyonetowhomitwasofferedwouldalwaysgladlyacceptit。IhaveconversedwithsomeinAmericawhotoldmethattheywereheirsapparenttotheWhiteHouse，andsotheyare，fortheyarejustaseligiblecandidatesfortheposition，asistheCrownPrincetosucceedtoathroneinanyEuropeancountry。
Evenaladywasoncenominatedasapresidentialcandidate，althoughshedidnotobtainmanyvotes。
OneofthethingswhicharousesmyadmirationisthedueobservancebythepeopleoftheexistinglawsandtheConstitution。
Everyoneobeysthem，fromthePresidenttothepedler，withoutanyexception。
Sometimes，however，byatoostrictandtechnicalinterpretationofthelaw，itworksahardship。Letmequoteacase。AccordingtoArticle1，Section6，oftheConstitution，"noSenatororRepresentativeshall，duringthetimeforwhichhewaselected，beappointedtoanycivilofficeundertheauthorityoftheUnitedStates，whichshallhavebeencreated，ortheemolumentswhereofshallhavebeenincreased，duringsuchtime。"
AcertainSenatorwasappointedbythePresidenttoaCabinetoffice，butithappenedthatthesalaryattachedtothatofficehadbeenraisedduringthetimehewasintheSenate，andsoitwasheldthathecoulddrawonlythesalarywhichwasallowedbeforehebecameaSenator，andthathewasnotentitledtotheincreasewhichwassanctionedbyCongresswhilehewasintheSenate，althoughatthetimehehadnottheslightestnotionthattheincreasewouldeveraffecthisownpocket。
TherelationofthestatestotheFederalGovernmentispeculiarandunique。
IwillillustratemypointbycorrectingamistakeoftenmadebyforeignersinregardtothedifferentprovincesofChina。ItisgenerallyassumedbyWesternwritersthateachprovinceinChinaisself-governed，andthattheprovincialauthoritiesactindependentlyandindefianceoftheinjunctionsofthePekingGovernment。Thefacts，however，arethatuntiltheestablishmentoftheRepublic，alltheofficialsintheProvinceswereappointedorsanctionedbythePekingGovernment，andthatbyanImperialdecreeevenaViceroyorGovernorcould，atanymoment，bechangedordismissed，andthatnoimportantmattercouldbetransactedwithouttheImperialsanction。HowdoesthiscomparewiththestatesinAmerica？EveryAmericanboaststhathisstateisindependentoftheFederalGovernment。Allofficials，fromtheGovernordownward，are，ineverystate，electedbythepeople。EachstateisprovidedwithaLegislatureconsistingofaSenateandaHouseofRepresentatives，alsoelectedbythepopularvote。Thestatehasverylarge，andalmostabsolute，legislativeandexecutivepowers，andiscompetenttodealwithallmattersnotreservedbytheConstitutionfortheFederalGovernment。Eachstateisalsoindependentofeveryotherstate。Thecriminalandcivillaws，includingallmatterspertainingtothetransferofandthesuccessiontoproperty，aswellasmarriage，divorceandfiscallaws，arewithinthescopeofthestateadministrations。Theauthoritiesofeachstatenaturallydotheirbesttomaketheirownstateaspopulousandprosperousaspossible。Thusinsomestatesthelawsconcerningdivorce，corporations，andlandedproperty，aremorefavorablethaninotherstates。
Aperson，forexample，unabletoobtainadivorceinhisownstate，can，withoutdifficulty，attainhisobjectinanotherstate。
Whatisexpresslyprohibitedbystatuteinonestatemaybeperfectlylegitimateintheneighboringstate。
Itisthesamewiththelocaltaxes；feesandtaxesarenotuniform；
inonestatetheyareheavy，whileinanothertheyarecomparativelylight。
AstrangerwouldnaturallybesurprisedtofindsuchaconditionofthingsinagreatnationlikeAmerica，andwouldwonderhowthemachineryofsuchagovernmentcanworksowell。Neverthelesshewillfindthateverythinggoesonsmoothly。Thiscanbeexplainedonlybythefactthattheinhabitantsofonestateoftenremovetootherstates，andbycommercialandotherdealingsandsocialassociationstheymixtogether，sothat，notwithstandingthedissimilarityofconditionsindifferentstates，thepeopleeasilyadaptthemselvestothelocalsurroundings，and，sofarasIcanfind，nofrictionorquarrelhaseverarisenbetweentwostates。However，woulditnotbebetterforallthestatestoappointaninterstatecommitteetoreviseandcodifytheirlawswithaviewtomakingthemuniform？
ForeignerslivinginAmericasometimesfindthemselvesatadisadvantage，owingtothestatebeingindependentofthecontroloftheFederalGovernment。
Thispointcanbebetterillustratedbyacasewhichhappenedsomeyearsagoinoneofthestates。Aforeigner，whowasthesubjectofaEuropeancountry，wasattackedbyamob，andhispropertydestroyed。Helaidhiscomplaintbeforethelocalauthorities，butitappearedthathecouldnotobtaintheredresshesought。Hisconsuldidallhecouldforhimbyappealingtothelocalauthorities，butwithoutsuccess；
finallythematterwasreportedtohisambassadorinWashington，whoimmediatelyinterestedhimselfintheaffairandbroughtitbeforetheSecretaryofState。TheSecretary，aftergoingintothefactsofthecase，saidthatallhecoulddowastowritetotheGovernorofthatstateandrequesthimtotakethematterup，buttheGovernor，forsomereasonorother，didnottakeanysuchactionaswouldhavegivensatisfactoryredresstotheforeigner。
HisambassadormadefrequentappealstotheSecretaryofState，buttheSecretarywaspowerless，astheConstitutiondoesnotempowertheFederalGovernmenttointerfereinstatematters。
ThisseemsablemishintheadministrationofforeignaffairsintheUnitedStatesofAmerica。Supposeaforeignershouldbeill-treatedormurderedinastate，andnoproperredressbegiven，theFederalGovernmentcannotsenditsofficerstoarresttheculprit。
AllitcandoistoasktheGovernorofthatstatetotakeaction，andifhefailtodosothereisnoremedy。Fortunatelysuchacaserarelyhappens，butforthemoreefficientcarryingonoftheirstateaffairs，isitnotbetterinspecialcasestoinvesttheFederalGovernmentwithlargerpowersthanthoseatpresentpossessedbyit？
Iamawarethatthisopensupaseriousquestion；thatCongresswillbeveryreluctanttoconferontheFederalGovernmentanypowertointerfereinthestateaffairs，knowingthatthestateswouldnottoleratesuchaninterference；butasthereisalargeandeverincreasingnumberofaliensresidingintheUnitedStates，itnaturallyfollowsthatriots，andchargesofilltreatmentofforeignersnowandthendooccur。
Nowstateofficialscan，asarule，betrustedtodealwiththesemattersfairly，butwherelocalprejudiceagainstaclassofaliensrunshigh，isitnotadvisabletoleavetotheFederalofficials，whoaredisinterested，thesettlementofsuchcases？Forthesakeofcordialforeignrelations，andtoavoidinternationalcomplications，thispoint，Iventuretosuggest，shouldbeseriouslyconsideredbytheFederalandtheStateGovernments。
Thequestionastowhatformofgovernmentshouldbeadoptedbyanycountryisnoteasytodecide。ThepeopleofAmericawouldnodoubtclaimthattheirsystemisthebest，whilethepeopleofthemonarchialgovernmentsinEuropewouldmaintainthattheirsispreferable。Thisismostlyamatterofeducation，andpeoplewhohavebeenaccustomedtotheirownformofgovernmentnaturallylikeitbest。
Therearecommunitieswhohavebeenlongaccustomedtotheoldsystemofmonarchialgovernment，withtheirancienttraditionsandusages。
Thereareothercommunities，withadifferentpoliticalatmosphere，whereallthepeopleshareinthepublicaffairsofState。
Itwouldbemanifestlyimpropertointroduceademocraticgovernmentamongtheformer。Itwouldnotsuittheirtastesnorfitinwiththeirideas。
Whatisgoodforonenationisnotnecessarilygoodforanother。
Eachsystemofgovernmenthasitsgoodpoints，providedthattheyarefaithfullyandjustlycarriedout。Theaimtosecurethehappinessandcomfortofthepeopleandtopromotethepeaceandprosperityofthenationshouldalwaysbekeptinview。
Aslongastheseobjectscanbesecureditdoesnotmattermuchwhetherthegovernmentismonarchial，republican，orsomethingelse。
ItmaypertinentlybeaskedwhyChinahasbecomeaRepublic，sincefromtimeimmemorialshehashadamonarchialformofgovernment。
TheansweristhattheconditionsandcircumstancesinChinaarepeculiar，andaredifferentfromthoseprevailinginJapanandothercountries。
InJapanitisclaimedthattheEmpirewasfoundedbythefirstEmperor，JummuTenno，660B。C。andthatthedynastyfoundedbyhimhascontinuedeversince。ItiswellknownthattheChineseImperialfamilyisofManchuorigin。TheChingdynastywasfoundedin1644byconquest，notbysuccession。UpontherecentoverthrowoftheManchudynastyitwasfoundverydifficulttofindaChinese，howeverpopularandable，whopossessedthelegalrightofsucceedingtothethrone。