O。M。Verywell。Youhaveconcededthereasoningpowerintwoinstances。Icomenowtoamentaldetailwhereintheantisalongwaythesuperiorofanyhumanbeing。SirJohnLubbockprovedbymanyexperimentsthatanantknowsastrangerantofherownspeciesinamoment，evenwhenthestrangerisdisguisedwithpaint。Alsoheprovedthatanantknowseveryindividualinherhiveoffivehundredthousandsouls。Also，afterayear’sabsenceoneofthefivehundredthousandshewillstraightwayrecognizethereturnedabsenteeandgracetherecognitionwithaaffectionatewelcome。Howaretheserecognitionsmade？Notbycolor，forpaintedantswererecognized。Notbysmell，forantsthathadbeendippedinchloroformwererecognized。Notbyspeechandnotbyantennaesignsnorcontacts，forthedrunkenandmotionlessantswererecognizedandthefrienddiscriminatedfromthestranger。Theantswereallofthesamespecies，thereforethefriendshadtoberecognizedbyformandfeature
　　friendswhoformedpartofahiveoffivehundredthousand！Hasanymanamemoryforformandfeatureapproachingthat？
　　Y。M。Certainlynot。
　　O。M。Franklin’santsandLubbuck’santsshowfinecapacitiesofputtingthisandthattogetherinnewanduntriedemergenciesanddeductingsmartconclusionsfromthecombinationsaman’smentalprocessexactly。Withmemorytohelp，manpreserveshisobservationsandreasonings，reflectsuponthem，addstothem，recombines，andsoproceeds，stagebystage，tofarresultsfromtheteakettletotheoceangreyhound’scomplexengine;frompersonallabortoslavelabor;
　　fromwigwamtopalace;fromthecapriciouschasetoagricultureandstoredfood;fromnomadiclifetostablegovernmentandconcentratedauthority;fromincoherenthordestomassedarmies。
　　Theanthasobservation，thereasoningfaculty，andthepreservingadjunctofaprodigiousmemory;shehasduplicatedman’sdevelopmentandtheessentialfeaturesofhiscivilization，andyoucallitallinstinct！
　　Y。M。PerhapsIlackedthereasoningfacultymyself。
　　O。M。Well，don’ttellanybody，anddon’tdoitagain。
　　Y。M。Wehavecomeagoodway。AsaresultasIunderstandit
　　IamrequiredtoconcedethatthereisabsolutelynointellectualfrontierseparatingManandtheUnrevealedCreatures？
　　O。M。Thatiswhatyouarerequiredtoconcede。Thereisnosuchfrontierthereisnowaytogetaroundthat。Manhasafinerandmorecapablemachineinhimthanthoseothers，butitisthesamemachineandworksinthesameway。Andneitherhenorthoseotherscancommandthemachineitisstrictlyautomatic，independentofcontrol，workswhenitpleases，andwhenitdoesn’tplease，itcan’tbeforced。
　　Y。M。Thenmanandtheotheranimalsareallalike，astomentalmachinery，andthereisn’tanydifferenceofanystupendousmagnitudebetweenthem，exceptinquality，notinkind。
　　O。M。Thatisaboutthestateofitintellectuality。Therearepronouncedlimitationsonbothsides。Wecan’tlearntounderstandmuchoftheirlanguage，butthedog，theelephant，etc。，learntounderstandaverygreatdealofours。Tothatextenttheyareoursuperiors。Ontheotherhand，theycan’tlearnreading，writing，etc。，noranyofourfineandhighthings，andtherewehavealargeadvantageoverthem。
　　Y。M。Verywell，letthemhavewhatthey’vegot，andwelcome;
　　thereisstillawall，andaloftyone。Theyhaven’tgottheMoralSense;wehaveit，anditliftsusimmeasurablyabovethem。
　　O。M。Whatmakesyouthinkthat？
　　Y。M。Nowlookherelet’scallahalt。Ihavestoodtheotherinfamiesandinsanitiesandthatisenough;Iamnotgoingtohavemanandtheotheranimalsputonthesamelevelmorally。
　　O。M。Iwasn’tgoingtohoistmanuptothat。
　　Y。M。Thisistoomuch！Ithinkitisnotrighttojestaboutsuchthings。
　　O。M。Iamnotjesting，Iammerelyreflectingaplainandsimpletruthandwithoutuncharitableness。ThefactthatmanknowsrightfromwrongproveshisINTELLECTUALsuperioritytotheothercreatures;butthefactthathecanDOwrongproveshisMORALinferioritytoanycreaturethatCANNOT。Itismybeliefthatthispositionisnotassailable。
　　FreeWillY。M。WhatisyouropinionregardingFreeWill？
　　O。M。Thatthereisnosuchthing。Didthemanpossessitwhogavetheoldwomanhislastshillingandtrudgedhomeinthestorm？
　　Y。M。Hehadthechoicebetweensuccoringtheoldwomanandleavinghertosuffer。Isn’titso？
　　O。M。Yes，therewasachoicetobemade，betweenbodilycomfortontheonehandandthecomfortofthespiritontheother。Thebodymadeastrongappeal，ofcoursethebodywouldbequitesuretodothat;thespiritmadeacounterappeal。A
　　choicehadtobemadebetweenthetwoappeals，andwasmade。Whoorwhatdeterminedthatchoice？
　　Y。M。Anyonebutyouwouldsaythatthemandeterminedit，andthatindoingitheexercisedFreeWill。
　　O。M。WeareconstantlyassuredthateverymanisendowedwithFreeWill，andthathecanandmustexerciseitwhereheisofferedachoicebetweengoodconductandlessgoodconduct。Yetweclearlysawthatinthatman’scasehereallyhadnoFreeWill:histemperament，histraining，andthedailyinfluenceswhichhadmoldedhimandmadehimwhathewas，COMPELLEDhimtorescuetheoldwomanandthussaveHIMSELFsavehimselffromspiritualpain，fromunendurablewretchedness。Hedidnotmakethechoice，itwasmadeFORhimbyforceswhichhecouldnotcontrol。FreeWillhasalwaysexistedinWORDS，butitstopsthere，IthinkstopsshortofFACT。IwouldnotusethosewordsFreeWillbutothers。
　　Y。M。Whatothers？
　　O。M。FreeChoice。
　　Y。M。Whatisthedifference？
　　O。M。TheoneimpliesuntrammeledpowertoACTasyouplease，theotherimpliesnothingbeyondamereMENTALPROCESS:
　　thecriticalabilitytodeterminewhichoftwothingsisnearestrightandjust。
　　Y。M。Makethedifferenceclear，please。
　　O。M。ThemindcanfreelySELECT，CHOOSE，POINTOUTtherightandjustoneitsfunctionstopsthere。Itcangonofurtherinthematter。Ithasnoauthoritytosaythattherightoneshallbeacteduponandthewrongonediscarded。
　　Thatauthorityisinotherhands。
　　Y。M。Theman’s？
　　O。M。Inthemachinewhichstandsforhim。Inhisborndispositionandthecharacterwhichhasbeenbuiltarounditbytrainingandenvironment。
　　Y。M。Itwillactupontherightoneofthetwo？
　　O。M。Itwilldoasitpleasesinthematter。GeorgeWashington’smachinewouldactupontherightone;Pizarrowouldactuponthewrongone。
　　Y。M。ThenasIunderstanditabadman’smentalmachinerycalmlyandjudiciallypointsoutwhichoftwothingsisrightandjust
　　O。M。Yes，andhisMORALmachinerywillfreelyactupontheotherortheother，accordingtoitsmake，andbequiteindifferenttotheMIND’Sfeelingconcerningthematterthatis，WOULDbe，ifthemindhadanyfeelings;whichithasn’t。
　　Itismerelyathermometer:itregisterstheheatandthecold，andcaresnotafarthingabouteither。
　　Y。M。ThenwemustnotclaimthatifamanKNOWSwhichoftwothingsisrightheisabsolutelyBOUNDtodothatthing？
　　O。M。Histemperamentandtrainingwilldecidewhatheshalldo，andhewilldoit;hecannothelphimself，hehasnoauthorityoverthemater。Wasn’titrightforDavidtogooutandslayGoliath？
　　Y。M。Yes。
　　O。M。ThenitwouldhavebeenequallyRIGHTforanyoneelsetodoit？
　　Y。M。Certainly。
　　O。M。ThenitwouldhavebeenRIGHTforaborncowardtoattemptit？
　　Y。M。Itwouldyes。
　　O。M。Youknowthatnoborncowardeverwouldhaveattemptedit，don’tyou？
　　Y。M。Yes。
　　O。M。Youknowthataborncoward’smakeandtemperamentwouldbeanabsoluteandinsurmountablebartohiseveressayingsuchathing，don’tyou？
　　Y。M。Yes，Iknowit。
　　O。M。HeclearlyperceivesthatitwouldbeRIGHTtotryit？
　　Y。M。Yes。
　　O。M。HismindhasFreeChoiceindeterminingthatitwouldbeRIGHTtotryit？
　　Y。M。Yes。
　　O。M。ThenifbyreasonofhisinborncowardicehesimplycanNOTessayit，whatbecomesofhisFreeWill？WhereishisFreeWill？WhyclaimthathehasFreeWillwhentheplainfactsshowthathehasn’t？WhycontentthatbecauseheandDavidSEE
　　therightalike，bothmustACTalike？Whyimposethesamelawsupongoatandlion？
　　Y。M。ThereisreallynosuchthingasFreeWill？
　　O。M。ItiswhatIthink。ThereisWILL。ButithasnothingtodowithINTELLECTUALPERCEPTIONSOFRIGHTANDWRONG，andisnotundertheircommand。David’stemperamentandtraininghadWill，anditwasacompulsoryforce;Davidhadtoobeyitsdecrees，hehadnochoice。Thecoward’stemperamentandtrainingpossessWill，andITiscompulsory;itcommandshimtoavoiddanger，andheobeys，hehasnochoice。ButneithertheDavidsnorthecowardspossessFreeWillwillthatmaydotherightordothewrong，astheirMENTALverdictshalldecide。
　　NotTwoValues，ButOnlyOneY。M。Thereisonethingwhichbothersme:Ican’ttellwhereyoudrawthelinebetweenMATERIALcovetousnessandSPIRITUALcovetousness。
　　O。M。Idon’tdrawany。
　　Y。M。Howdoyoumean？
　　O。M。ThereisnosuchthingasMATERIALcovetousness。
　　AllcovetousnessisspiritualY。M。ALLlongings，desires，ambitionsSPIRITUAL，nevermaterial？
　　O。M。Yes。TheMasterinyourequiresthatinALLcasesyoushallcontenthisSPIRITthatalone。Heneverrequiresanythingelse，heneverinterestshimselfinanyothermatter。
　　Y。M。Ah，come！Whenhecovetssomebody’smoneyisn’tthatratherdistinctlymaterialandgross？
　　O。M。No。ThemoneyismerelyasymbolitrepresentsinvisibleandconcreteformaSPIRITUALDESIRE。Anysocalledmaterialthingthatyouwantismerelyasymbol:youwantitnotforITSELF，butbecauseitwillcontentyourspiritforthemoment。
　　Y。M。Pleaseparticularize。
　　O。M。Verywell。Maybethethinglongedforisanewhat。
　　Yougetitandyourvanityispleased，yourspiritcontented。
　　Supposeyourfriendsderidethehat，makefunofit:atonceitlosesitsvalue;youareashamedofit，youputitoutofyoursight，youneverwanttoseeitagain。
　　Y。M。IthinkIsee。Goon。
　　O。M。Itisthesamehat，isn’tit？Itisinnowayaltered。Butitwasn’ttheHATyouwanted，butonlywhatitstoodforasomethingtopleaseandcontentyourSPIRIT。Whenitfailedofthat，thewholeofitsvaluewasgone。TherearenoMATERIALvalues;thereareonlyspiritualones。YouwillhuntinvainforamaterialvaluethatisACTUAL，REALthereisnosuchthing。Theonlyvalueitpossesses，forevenamoment，isthespiritualvaluebackofit:removethatendanditisatonceworthlesslikethehat。
　　Y。M。Canyouextendthattomoney？
　　O。M。Yes。Itismerelyasymbol，ithasnoMATERIALvalue;
　　youthinkyoudesireitforitsownsake，butitisnotso。Youdesireitforthespiritualcontentitwillbring;ifitfailofthat，youdiscoverthatitsvalueisgone。Thereisthatpathetictaleofthemanwholaboredlikeaslave，unresting，unsatisfied，untilhehadaccumulatedafortune，andwashappyoverit，jubilantaboutit;theninasingleweekapestilencesweptawayallwhomhehelddearandlefthimdesolate。Hismoney’svaluewasgone。Herealizedthathisjoyinitcamenotfromthemoneyitself，butfromthespiritualcontentmenthegotoutofhisfamily’senjoymentofthepleasuresanddelightsitlavisheduponthem。MoneyhasnoMATERIALvalue;ifyouremoveitsspiritualvaluenothingisleftbutdross。Itissowithallthings，littleorbig，majesticortrivialtherearenoexceptions。Crowns，scepters，pennies，pastejewels，villagenotoriety，worldwidefametheyareallthesame，theyhavenoMATERIALvalue:whiletheycontenttheSPIRITtheyareprecious，whenthisfailstheyareworthless。
　　ADifficultQuestionY。M。Youkeepmeconfusedandperplexedallthetimebyyourelusiveterminology。Sometimesyoudivideamanupintotwoorthreeseparatepersonalities，eachwithauthorities，jurisdictions，andresponsibilitiesofitsown，andwhenheisinthatconditionIcan’tgraspit。Nowwhen_I_speakofaman，heisTHEWHOLETHINGINONE，andeasytoholdandcontemplate。
　　O。M。Thatispleasantandconvenient，iftrue。Whenyouspeakof"mybody"whoisthe"my"？
　　Y。M。Itisthe"me。"
　　O。M。Thebodyisapropertythen，andtheMeownsit。
　　WhoistheMe？
　　Y。M。TheMeisTHEWHOLETHING;itisacommonproperty;anundividedownership，vestedinthewholeentity。
　　O。M。IftheMeadmiresarainbow，isitthewholeMethatadmiresit，includingthehair，hands，heels，andall？
　　Y。M。Certainlynot。ItismyMINDthatadmiresit。
　　O。M。SoYOUdividetheMeyourself。Everybodydoes;
　　everybodymust。What，then，definitely，istheMe？
　　Y。M。Ithinkitmustconsistofjustthosetwoparts
　　thebodyandthemind。
　　O。M。Youthinkso？Ifyousay"Ibelievetheworldisround，"
　　whoisthe"I"thatisspeaking？
　　Y。M。Themind。
　　O。M。Ifyousay"Igrieveforthelossofmyfather，"
　　whoisthe"I"？
　　Y。M。Themind。
　　O。M。Isthemindexercisinganintellectualfunctionwhenitexaminesandacceptstheevidencethattheworldisround？
　　Y。M。Yes。
　　O。M。Isitexercisinganintellectualfunctionwhenitgrievesforthelossofyourfather？
　　Y。M。Thatisnotcerebration，brainwork，itisamatterofFEELING。
　　O。M。Thenitssourceisnotinyourmind，butinyourMORALterritory？
　　Y。M。Ihavetograntit。
　　O。M。IsyourmindapartofyourPHYSICALequipment？
　　Y。M。No。Itisindependentofit;itisspiritual。
　　O。M。Beingspiritual，itcannotbeaffectedbyphysicalinfluences？
　　Y。M。No。
　　O。M。Doesthemindremainsoberwiththebodyisdrunk？
　　Y。M。Wellno。
　　O。M。ThereISaphysicaleffectpresent，then？
　　Y。M。Itlookslikeit。
　　O。M。Acrackedskullhasresultedinacrazymind。Whyshouldithappenifthemindisspiritual，andINDEPENDENTofphysicalinfluences？
　　Y。M。WellIdon’tknow。
　　O。M。Whenyouhaveapaininyourfoot，howdoyouknowit？
　　Y。M。Ifeelit。
　　O。M。Butyoudonotfeelituntilanervereportsthehurttothebrain。Yetthebrainistheseatofthemind，isitnot？
　　Y。M。Ithinkso。
　　O。M。Butisn’tspiritualenoughtolearnwhatishappeningintheoutskirtswithoutthehelpofthePHYSICALmessenger？YouperceivethatthequestionofwhoorwhattheMeis，isnotasimpleoneatall。Yousay"Iadmiretherainbow，"and"I
　　believetheworldisround，"andinthesecaseswefindthattheMeisnotspeaking，butonlytheMENTALpart。Yousay，"I
　　grieve，"andagaintheMeisnotallspeaking，butonlytheMORAL
　　part。Yousaythemindiswhollyspiritual;thenyousay"Ihaveapain"andfindthatthistimetheMeismentalANDspiritualcombined。Weallusethe"I"inthisindeterminatefashion，thereisnohelpforit。WeimagineaMasterandKingoverwhatyoucallTheWholeThing，andwespeakofhimas"I，"butwhenwetrytodefinehimwefindwecannotdoit。TheintellectandthefeelingscanactquiteINDEPENDENTLYofeachother;werecognizethat，andwelookaroundforaRulerwhoismasteroverboth，andcanserveasaDEFINITEANDINDISPUTABLE"I，"andenableustoknowwhatwemeanandwhoorwhatwearetalkingaboutwhenweusethatpronoun，butwehavetogiveitupandconfessthatwecannotfindhim。Tome，Manisamachine，madeupofmanymechanisms，themoralandmentalonesactingautomaticallyinaccordancewiththeimpulsesofaninteriorMasterwhoisbuiltoutofborntemperamentandanaccumulationofmultitudinousoutsideinfluencesandtrainings;amachinewhoseONEfunctionistosecurethespiritualcontentmentoftheMaster，behisdesiresgoodorbetheyevil;amachinewhoseWillisabsoluteandmustbeobeyed，andalwaysISobeyed。
　　Y。M。MaybetheMeistheSoul？
　　O。M。Maybeitis。WhatistheSoul？
　　Y。M。Idon’tknow。
　　O。M。Neitherdoesanyoneelse。
　　TheMasterPassionY。M。WhatistheMaster？or，incommonspeech，theConscience？Explainit。
　　O。M。Itisthatmysteriousautocrat，lodgedinaman，whichcompelsthemantocontentitsdesires。ItmaybecalledtheMasterPassionthehungerforSelfApproval。
　　Y。M。Whereisitsseat？
　　O。M。Inman’smoralconstitution。
　　Y。M。Areitscommandsfortheman’sgood？
　　O。M。Itisindifferenttotheman’sgood;itneverconcernsitselfaboutanythingbutthesatisfyingofitsowndesires。ItcanbeTRAINEDtopreferthingswhichwillbefortheman’sgood，butitwillpreferthemonlybecausetheywillcontentITbetterthanotherthingswould。
　　Y。M。Thenevenwhenitistrainedtohighidealsitisstilllookingoutforitsowncontentment，andnotfortheman’sgood。
　　O。M。True。Trainedoruntrained，itcaresnothingfortheman’sgood，andneverconcernsitselfaboutit。
　　Y。M。ItseemstobeanIMMORALforceseatedintheman’smoralconstitution。
　　O。M。ItisaCOLORLESSforceseatedintheman’smoralconstitution。
　　Letuscallitaninstinctablind，unreasoninginstinct，whichcannotanddoesnotdistinguishbetweengoodmoralsandbadones，andcaresnothingforresultstothemanprovideditsowncontentmentbesecured;
　　anditwillALWAYSsecurethat。
　　Y。M。Itseeksmoney，anditprobablyconsidersthatthatisanadvantagefortheman？
　　O。M。Itisnotalwaysseekingmoney，itisnotalwaysseekingpower，noroffice，noranyotherMATERIALadvantage。InALLcasesitseeksaSPIRITUALcontentment，lettheMEANSbewhattheymay。Itsdesiresaredeterminedbytheman’stemperament
　　anditislordoverthat。Temperament，Conscience，Susceptibility，SpiritualAppetite，are，infact，thesamething。
　　Haveyoueverheardofapersonwhocarednothingformoney？
　　Y。M。Yes。Ascholarwhowouldnotleavehisgarretandhisbookstotakeaplaceinabusinesshouseatalargesalary。
　　O。M。Hehadtosatisfyhismasterthatistosay，histemperament，hisSpiritualAppetiteanditpreferredbookstomoney。Arethereothercases？
　　Y。M。Yes，thehermit。
　　O。M。Itisagoodinstance。Thehermitenduressolitude，hunger，cold，andmanifoldperils，tocontenthisautocrat，whoprefersthesethings，andprayerandcontemplation，tomoneyortoanyshoworluxurythatmoneycanbuy。Arethereothers？
　　Y。M。Yes。Theartist，thepoet，thescientist。
　　O。M。Theirautocratprefersthedeeppleasuresoftheseoccupations，eitherwellpaidorillpaid，toanyothersinthemarket，atanyprice。YouREALIZEthattheMasterPassionthecontentmentofthespiritconcernsitselfwithmanythingsbesidessocalledmaterialadvantage，materialprosperity，cash，andallthat？
　　Y。M。IthinkImustconcedeit。
　　O。M。Ibelieveyoumust。ThereareperhapsasmanyTemperamentsthatwouldrefusetheburdensandvexationsanddistinctionsofpublicofficeastherearethathungerafterthem。TheonesetofTemperamentsseekthecontentmentofthespirit，andthatalone;andthisisexactlythecasewiththeotherset。NeithersetseeksanythingBUTthecontentmentofthespirit。Iftheoneissordid，botharesordid;andequallyso，sincetheendinviewispreciselythesameinbothcases。AndinbothcasesTemperamentdecidesthepreferenceandTemperamentisBORN，notmade。
　　ConclusionO。M。Youhavebeentakingaholiday？
　　Y。M。Yes;amountaintrampcoveringaweek。Areyoureadytotalk？
　　O。M。Quiteready。Whatshallwebeginwith？
　　Y。M。Well，lyingabedrestingup，twodaysandnights，I
　　havethoughtoverallthesetalks，andpassedthemcarefullyinreview。Withthisresult:that……that……areyouintendingtopublishyournotionsaboutMansomeday？
　　O。M。Nowandthen，inthesepasttwentyyears，theMasterinsideofmehashalfintendedtoordermetosetthemtopaperandpublishthem。DoIhavetotellyouwhytheorderhasremainedunissued，orcanyouexplainsosimplyathingwithoutmyhelp？
　　Y。M。Byyourdoctrine，itissimplicityitself:outsideinfluencesmovedyourinteriorMastertogivetheorder;strongeroutsideinfluencesdeterredhim。Withouttheoutsideinfluences，neitheroftheseimpulsescouldeverhavebeenborn，sinceaperson’sbrainisincapableororiginatinganideawithinitself。
　　O。M。Correct。Goon。
　　Y。M。ThematterofpublishingorwithholdingisstillinyourMaster’shands。Ifsomedayanoutsideinfluenceshalldeterminehimtopublish，hewillgivetheorder，anditwillbeobeyed。
　　O。M。Thatiscorrect。Well？
　　Y。M。UponreflectionIhavearrivedattheconvictionthatthepublicationofyourdoctrineswouldbeharmful。
　　Doyoupardonme？
　　O。M。PardonYOU？Youhavedonenothing。Youareaninstrumentaspeakingtrumpet。Speakingtrumpetsarenotresponsibleforwhatissaidthroughthem。Outsideinfluences
　　intheformoflifelongteachings，trainings，notions，prejudices，andothersecondhandimportationshavepersuadedtheMasterwithinyouthatthepublicationofthesedoctrineswouldbeharmful。Verywell，thisisquitenatural，andwastobeexpected;infact，wasinevitable。Goon;forthesakeofeaseandconvenience，sticktohabit:speakinthefirstperson，andtellmewhatyourMasterthinksaboutit。
　　Y。M。Well，tobegin:itisadesolatingdoctrine;itisnotinspiring，enthusing，uplifting。Ittakesthegloryoutofman，ittakestheprideoutofhim，ittakestheheroismoutofhim，itdenieshimallpersonalcredit，allapplause;itnotonlydegradeshimtoamachine，butallowshimnocontroloverthemachine;makesamerecoffeemillofhim，andneitherpermitshimtosupplythecoffeenorturnthecrank，hissoleandpiteouslyhumblefunctionbeingtogrindcoarseorfine，accordingtohismake，outsideimpulsesdoingtherest。
　　O。M。Itiscorrectlystated。Tellmewhatdomenadmiremostineachother？
　　Y。M。Intellect，courage，majestyofbuild，beautyofcountenance，charity，benevolence，magnanimity，kindliness，heroism，andand
　　O。M。Iwouldnotgoanyfurther。TheseareELEMENTALS。
　　Virtue，fortitude，holiness，truthfulness，loyalty，highideals
　　these，andalltherelatedqualitiesthatarenamedinthedictionary，areMADEOFTHEELEMENTALS，byblendings，combinations，andshadingsoftheelementals，justasonemakesgreenbyblendingblueandyellow，andmakesseveralshadesandtintsofredbymodifyingtheelementalred。Thereareseveralelementalcolors;theyareallintherainbow;outofthemwemanufactureandnamefiftyshadesofthem。Youhavenamedtheelementalsofthehumanrainbow，andalsooneBLENDheroism，whichismadeoutofcourageandmagnanimity。Verywell，then;
　　whichoftheseelementsdoesthepossessorofitmanufactureforhimself？Isitintellect？
　　Y。M。No。
　　O。M。Why？
　　Y。M。Heisbornwithit。
　　O。M。Isitcourage？
　　Y。M。No。Heisbornwithit。
　　O。M。Isitmajestyofbuild，beautyofcountenance？
　　Y。M。No。Theyarebirthrights。
　　O。M。Takethoseotherstheelementalmoralqualities
　　charity，benevolence，magnanimity，kindliness;fruitfulseeds，outofwhichspring，throughcultivationbyoutsideinfluences，allthemanifoldblendsandcombinationsofvirtuesnamedinthedictionaries:doesmanmanufactureanyofthoseseeds，oraretheyallborninhim？
　　Y。M。Borninhim。
　　O。M。Whomanufacturesthem，then？
　　Y。M。God。
　　O。M。Wheredoesthecreditofitbelong？
　　Y。M。ToGod。
　　O。M。Andthegloryofwhichyouspoke，andtheapplause？
　　Y。M。ToGod。
　　O。M。ThenitisYOUwhodegrademan。Youmakehimclaimglory，praise，flattery，foreveryvaluablethinghepossesses
　　BORROWEDfinery，thewholeofit;noragofitearnedbyhimself，notadetailofitproducedbyhisownlabor。YOUmakemanahumbug;haveIdoneworsebyhim？
　　Y。M。Youhavemadeamachineofhim。
　　O。M。Whodevisedthatcunningandbeautifulmechanism，aman’shand？
　　Y。M。God。
　　O。M。Whodevisedthelawbywhichitautomaticallyhammersoutofapianoanelaboratepieceofmusic，withouterror，whilethemanisthinkingaboutsomethingelse，ortalkingtoafriend？
　　Y。M。God。
　　O。M。Whodevisedtheblood？Whodevisedthewonderfulmachinerywhichautomaticallydrivesitsrenewingandrefreshingstreamsthroughthebody，dayandnight，withoutassistanceoradvicefromtheman？Whodevisedtheman’smind，whosemachineryworksautomatically，interestsitselfinwhatitpleases，regardlessofitswillordesire，laborsallnightwhenitlikes，deaftohisappealsformercy？Goddevisedallthesethings。
　　_I_havenotmademanamachine，Godmadehimamachine。Iammerelycallingattentiontothefact，nothingmore。Isitwrongtocallattentiontothefact？Isitacrime？
　　Y。M。IthinkitiswrongtoEXPOSEafactwhenharmcancomeofit。
　　O。M。Goon。
　　Y。M。Lookatthematterasitstandsnow。ManhasbeentaughtthatheisthesuprememarveloftheCreation;hebelievesit;inalltheageshehasneverdoubtedit，whetherhewasanakedsavage，orclothedinpurpleandfinelinen，andcivilized。
　　Thishasmadehisheartbuoyant，hislifecheery。Hisprideinhimself，hissincereadmirationofhimself，hisjoyinwhathesupposedwerehisownandunassistedachievements，andhisexultationoverthepraiseandapplausewhichtheyevokedthesehaveexaltedhim，enthusedhim，ambitionedhimtohigherandhigherflights;inaword，madehislifeworththeliving。Butbyyourscheme，allthisisabolished;heisdegradedtoamachine，heisanobody，hisnobleprideswithertomerevanities;lethimstriveashemay，hecanneverbeanybetterthanhishumblestandstupidestneighbor;hewouldneverbecheerfulagain，hislifewouldnotbeworththeliving。
　　O。M。Youreallythinkthat？
　　Y。M。Icertainlydo。
　　O。M。Haveyoueverseenmeuncheerful，unhappy。
　　Y。M。No。
　　O。M。Well，_I_believethesethings。Whyhavetheynotmademeunhappy？
　　Y。M。Oh，welltemperament，ofcourse！YouneverletTHAT
　　escapefromyourscheme。
　　O。M。Thatiscorrect。Ifamanisbornwithanunhappytemperament，nothingcanmakehimhappy;ifheisbornwithahappytemperament，nothingcanmakehimunhappy。
　　Y。M。Whatnotevenadegradingandheartchillingsystemofbeliefs？
　　O。M。Beliefs？Merebeliefs？Mereconvictions？Theyarepowerless。Theystriveinvainagainstinborntemperament。
　　Y。M。Ican’tbelievethat，andIdon’t。
　　O。M。Nowyouarespeakinghastily。Itshowsthatyouhavenotstudiouslyexaminedthefacts。Ofallyourintimates，whichoneisthehappiest？Isn’titBurgess？
　　Y。M。Easily。
　　O。M。Andwhichoneistheunhappiest？HenryAdams？
　　Y。M。Withoutaquestion！
　　O。M。Iknowthemwell。Theyareextremes，abnormals;theirtemperamentsareasoppositeasthepoles。Theirlifehistoriesareaboutalikebutlookattheresults！Theiragesareaboutthesameaboutaroundfifty。Burgesshadalwaysbeenbuoyant，hopeful，happy;Adamshasalwaysbeencheerless，hopeless，despondent。Asyoungfellowsbothtriedcountryjournalismandfailed。Burgessdidn’tseemtomindit;Adamscouldn’tsmile，hecouldonlymournandgroanoverwhathadhappenedandtorturehimselfwithvainregretsfornothavingdonesoandsoinsteadofsoandsoTHENhewouldhavesucceeded。Theytriedthelaw
　　andfailed。Burgessremainedhappybecausehecouldn’thelpit。
　　Adamswaswretchedbecausehecouldn’thelpit。Fromthatdaytothis，thosetwomenhavegoneontryingthingsandfailing:
　　Burgesshascomeouthappyandcheerfuleverytime;Adamsthereverse。Andwedoabsolutelyknowthatthesemen’sinborntemperamentshaveremainedunchangedthroughallthevicissitudesoftheirmaterialaffairs。Letusseehowitiswiththeirimmaterials。BothhavebeenzealousDemocrats;bothhavebeenzealousRepublicans;bothhavebeenzealousMugwumps。BurgesshasalwaysfoundhappinessandAdamsunhappinessintheseseveralpoliticalbeliefsandintheirmigrationsoutofthem。BothofthesemenhavebeenPresbyterians，Universalists，Methodists，CatholicsthenPresbyteriansagain，thenMethodistsagain。