TellProfessorSedgwickhedoesnotknowhowmuchIamindebtedtohimfortheWelshExpedition;ithasgivenmeaninterestinGeologywhichIwouldnotgiveupforanyconsideration。IdonotthinkIeverspentamoredelightfulthreeweeksthanpoundingtheNorth—westMountains。IlookforwardtothegeologyaboutMonteVideoasIhearthereareslatesthere，soIpresumeinthatdistrictIshallfindthejunctionsofthePampas，andtheenormousgraniteformationofBrazils。AtBahiathepegmatiteandgneissinbedshadthesamedirection，asobservedbyHumboldt，prevailingoverColumbia，distant1300miles——isitnotwonderful？MonteVideowillbeforalongtimemydirection。Ihopeyouwillwriteagaintome，thereisnobodyfromwhomIlikereceivingadvicesomuchasfromyou……Excusethisalmostunintelligibleletter，andbelieveme，mydearHenslow，withthewarmestfeelingsofrespectandfriendship，Yoursaffectionately，CHAS。DARWIN。
CHARLESDARWINTOJ。M。HERBERT。
BotofogoBay，RiodeJaneiro，June1832。
MydearoldHerbert，YourletterarrivedherewhenIhadgivenupallhopesofreceivinganother，itgaveme，therefore，anadditionaldegreeofpleasure。Atsuchanintervaloftimeandspaceonedoeslearntofeeltrulyobligedtothosewhodonotforgetone。Thememorywhenrecallingscenespastby，affordstousEXILESoneofthegreatestpleasures。OftenandoftenwhilstwanderingamongstthesehillsdoIthinkofBarmouth，and，Imayadd，asoftenwishforsuchacompanion。Whatacontrastdoesawalkinthesetwoplacesafford;hereabruptandstonypeaksaretotheverysummitenclosedbyluxuriantwoods;thewholesurfaceofthecountry，exceptingwhereclearedbyman，isoneimpenetrableforest。HowdifferentfromWales，withitsslopinghillscoveredwithturf，anditsopenvalleys。Iwasnotpreviouslyawarehowintimatelywhatmaybecalledthemoralpartisconnectedwiththeenjoymentofscenery。Imeansuchideas，asthehistoryofthecountry，theutilityoftheproduce，andmoreespeciallythehappinessofthepeoplelivingwiththem。ChangetheEnglishlabourerintoapoorslave，workingforanother，andyouwillhardlyrecognisethesameview。Iamsureyouwillbegladtohearhowverywelleverypart（Heavenforefend，exceptsea—sickness）oftheexpeditionhasanswered。WehavealreadyseenTeneriffeandtheGreatCanary;St。JagowhereIspentthreemostdelightfulweeks，revellinginthedelightsoffirstnaturalisingatropicalvolcanicisland，andbesidesotherislands，thetwocelebratedportsintheBrazils，viz。BahiaandRio。
IwasinmyhammocktillwearrivedattheCanaries，andIshallneverforgetthesublimeimpressionthefirstviewofTeneriffemadeonmymind。
Thefirstarrivingintowarmweatherwasmostluxuriouslypleasant;theclearblueskyoftheTropicswasnocommonchangeafterthoseaccursedsouth—westgalesatPlymouth。AbouttheLineitbecamewelteringhot。WespentonedayatSt。Paul’s，alittlegroupofrocksaboutaquarterofamileincircumference，peepingupinthemidstoftheAtlantic。Therewassuchascenehere。Wickham（1stLieutenant）andIweretheonlytwowholandedwithgunsandgeologicalhammers，etc。Thebirdsbymyriadsweretooclosetoshoot;wethentriedstones，butatlast，prohpudor！mygeologicalhammerwastheinstrumentofdeath。Wesoonloadedtheboatwithbirdsandeggs。Whilstweweresoengaged，themenintheboatwerefairlyfightingwiththesharksforsuchmagnificentfishasyoucouldnotseeintheLondonmarket。OurboatwouldhavemadeafinesubjectforSnyders，suchamedleyofgameitcontained。Wehavebeenheretenweeks，andshallnowstartforMonteVideo，whenIlookforwardtomanyagallopoverthePampas。Iamashamedofsendingsuchascramblingletter，butifyouweretoseetheheapoflettersonmytableyouwouldunderstandthereason……
IamgladtohearmusicflourishessowellinCambridge;butit[is]asbarbaroustotalktomeof"celestialconcerts"astoapersoninArabiaofcoldwater。Inavoyageofthissort，ifonegainsmanynewandgreatpleasures，ontheothersidethelossisnotinconsiderable。Howshouldyouliketobesuddenlydebarredfromseeingeverypersonandplace，whichyouhaveeverknownandloved，forfiveyears？IdoassureyouIamoccasionally"takenaback"bythisreflection;andthenformanorshipitisnotsoeasytorightagain。RemembermemostsincerelytotheremnantofmostexcellentfellowswhomIhavethegoodlucktoknowinCambridge——I
meanWhitleyandWatkins。TellLoweIamevenbeneathhiscontempt。Icaneatsaltbeefandmustybiscuitsfordinner。Seewhatafallmanmaycometo！
MydirectionforthenextyearandahalfwillbeMonteVideo。
Godblessyou，myverydearoldHerbert。Mayyoualwaysbehappyandprosperousismymostcordialwish。
Yoursaffectionately，CHAS。DARWIN。
CHARLESDARWINTOF。WATKINS。
MonteVideo，RiverPlata，August18，1832。
MydearWatkins，Idonotfeelverysureyouwillthinkaletterfromonesofardistantwillbeworthhaving;Iwritethereforeontheselfishprincipleofgettingananswer。InthedifferentcountrieswevisittheentirenewnessanddifferencefromEnglandonlyservestomakemorekeentherecollectionofitsscenesanddelights。Inconsequencethepleasureofthinkingof，andhearingfromone’sformerfriends，doesindeedbecomegreat。Recollectthis，andsomelongwinter’seveningsitdownandsendmealongaccountofyourselfandourfriends;bothwhatyouhave，andwhat[you]intenddoing;
otherwiseinthreeorfourmoreyearswhenIreturnyouwillbeallstrangerstome。Consideringhowmanymonthshavepassed，wehavenotinthe"Beagle"mademuchwayroundtheworld。Hithertoeverythinghaswellrepaidthenecessarytroubleandlossofcomfort。WestayedthreeweeksattheCapedeVerds;itwasnoordinarypleasureramblingovertheplainsoflavaunderatropicalsun，butwhenIfirstenteredonandbeheldtheluxuriantvegetationinBrazil，itwasrealizingthevisionsinthe’ArabianNights。’Thebrilliancyofthescenerythrowsoneintoadeliriumofdelight，andabeetlehunterisnotlikelysoontoawakenfromit，whenwhicheverwayheturnsfreshtreasuresmeethiseye。AtRiodeJaneirothreemonthspassedawaylikesomanyweeks。Imadeamostdelightfulexcursionduringthistimeof150milesintothecountry。Istayedatanestatewhichisthelastoftheclearedground，behindisonevastimpenetrableforest。Itisalmostimpossibletoimaginethequietudeofsuchalife。Notahumanbeingwithinsomemilesinterruptsthesolitude。
Toseatoneselfamidstthegloomofsuchaforestonadecayingtrunk，andthenthinkofhome，isapleasureworthtakingsometroublefor。
Weareatpresentinamuchlessinterestingcountry。Onesinglewalkovertheundulatoryturfplainshowseverythingwhichistobeseen。ItisnotatallunlikeCambridgeshire，onlythateveryhedge，treeandhillmustbeleveled，andarablelandturnedintopasture。AllSouthAmericaisinsuchanunsettledstatethatwehavenotenteredoneportwithoutsomesortofdisturbance。AtBuenosAyresashotcamewhistlingoverourheads;itisanoiseIhadneverbeforeheard，butIfoundIhadaninstinctiveknowledgeofwhatitmeant。Theotherdaywelandedourmenhere，andtookpossession，attherequestoftheinhabitants，ofthecentralfort。Wephilosophersdonotbargainforthissortofwork，andIhopetherewillbenomore。WesailinthecourseofadayortwotosurveythecoastofPatagonia;asitisentirelyunknown，Iexpectagooddealofinterest。
ButalreadydoIperceivethegrievousdifferencebetweensailingontheseseasandtheEquinoctialocean。Inthe"Ladies’Gulf，"astheSpaniard’scallit，itissoluxurioustositondeckandenjoythecoolnessofthenight，andadmirethenewconstellationsoftheSouth……Iwonderwhenweshallevermeetagain;butbeitwhenitmay，fewthingswillgivemegreaterpleasurethantoseeyouagain，andtalkoverthelongtimewehavepassedtogether。
IfyouweretomeetmeatpresentIcertainlyshouldbelookedatlikeawildbeast，agreatgrizzlybeardandflushingjacketwoulddisfigureanangel。Believeme，mydearWatkins，withthewarmestfeelingsoffriendship。
Everyours，CHARLESDARWIN。
CHARLESDARWINTOJ。S。HENSLOW。
April11，1833。
MydearHenslow，WearenowrunningupfromtheFalklandIslandstotheRioNegro（orColorado）。The"Beagle"willproceedtoMonteVideo;butifitcanbemanagedIintendstayingattheformerplace。Itisnowsomemonthssincewehavebeenatacivilisedport;nearlyallthistimehasbeenspentinthemostsouthernpartofTierradelFuego。Itisadetestableplace;
galessucceedgaleswithsuchshortintervalsthatitisdifficulttodoanything。Weweretwenty—threedaysoffCapeHorn，andcouldbynomeansgettothewestward。Thelastandfinalgalebeforewegaveuptheattemptwasunusuallysevere。Aseastoveoneoftheboats，andtherewassomuchwateronthedecksthateveryplacewasafloat;nearlyallthepaperfordryingplantsisspoiled，andhalfofthiscuriouscollection。
Weatlastranintoharbour，andintheboatsgottothewestbytheinlandchannels。AsIwasoneofthispartyIwasverygladofit。Withtwoboatswewentabout300miles，andthusIhadanexcellentopportunityofgeologisingandseeingmuchofthesavages。TheFuegiansareinamoremiserablestateofbarbarismthanIhadexpectedevertohaveseenahumanbeing。Inthisinclementcountrytheyareabsolutelynaked，andtheirtemporaryhousesarelikewhatchildrenmakeinsummerwithboughsoftrees。Idonotthinkanyspectaclecanbemoreinterestingthanthefirstsightofmaninhisprimitivewildness。Itisaninterestwhichcannotwellbeimagineduntilitisexperienced。IshallneverforgetthiswhenenteringGoodSuccessBay——theyellwithwhichapartyreceivedus。Theywereseatedonarockypoint，surroundedbythedarkforestofbeech;astheythrewtheirarmswildlyroundtheirheads，andtheirlonghairstreaming，theyseemedthetroubledspiritsofanotherworld。Theclimateinsomerespectsisacuriousmixtureofseverityandmildness;asfarasregardstheanimalkingdom，theformercharacterprevails;Ihaveinconsequencenotaddedmuchtomycollections。
TheGeologyofthispartofTierradelFuegowas，asindeedeveryplaceis，tomeveryinteresting。Thecountryisnon—fossiliferous，andacommon—
placesuccessionofgraniticrocksandslates;attemptingtomakeouttherelationofcleavage，strata，etc。，etc。，wasmychiefamusement。Themineralogy，however，ofsomeoftherockswill，Ithink，becuriousfromtheirresemblancetothoseofvolcanicorigin……
AfterleavingTierradelFuegowesailedtotheFalklands。IforgottomentionthefateoftheFuegianswhomwetookbacktotheircountry。TheyhadbecomeentirelyEuropeanintheirhabitsandwishes，somuchsothattheyoungeronehadforgottenhisownlanguage，andtheircountrymenpaidbutverylittleattentiontothem。Webuilthousesforthemandplantedgardens，butbythetimewereturnagainonourpassageroundtheHorn，I
thinkitwillbeverydoubtfulhowmuchoftheirpropertywillbeleftunstolen……WhenIamsea—sickandmiserable，itisoneofmyhighestconsolationstopicturethefuturewhenweagainshallbepacingtogethertheroadsroundCambridge。Thatdayisawearylongwayoff。WehaveanothercruisetomaketoTierradelFuegonextsummer，andthenourvoyageroundtheworldwillreallycommence。CaptainFitz—Royhaspurchasedalargeschoonerof170tons。Inmanyrespectsitwillbeagreatadvantagehavingaconsort——perhapsitmaysomewhatshortenourcruise，whichImostcordiallyhopeitmay。Itrust，however，thattheCoralReefsandvariousanimalsofthePacificmaykeepupmyresolution。RemembermemostkindlytoMrs。Henslowandallotherfriends;IamatrueloverofAlmaMaterandallitsinhabitants。
Believeme，mydearHenslow，Youraffectionateandmostobligedfriend，CHARLESDARWIN。
CHARLESDARWINTOMISSC。DARWIN。
Maldonado，RioPlata，May22，1833……Thefollowingbusinesspieceistomyfather。Havingaservantofmyownwouldbeareallygreatadditiontomycomfort。Forthesetworeasons:
asatpresenttheCaptainhasappointedoneofthemenalwaystobewithme，butIdonotthinkitjustthustotakeaseamanoutoftheship;and，secondly，whenatseaIamratherbadlyoffforanyonetowaitonme。Themaniswillingtobemyservant，andalltheexpenseswouldbeunder60
poundsperannum。Ihavetaughthimtoshootandskinbirds，sothatinmymainobjectheisveryuseful。IhavenowleftEnglandnearlyayearandahalf，andIfindmyexpensesarenotabove200poundsperannum;sothat，itbeinghopeless（fromtime）towriteforpermission，Ihavecometotheconclusionthatyouwouldallowmethisexpense。ButIhavenotyetresolvedtoasktheCaptain，andthechancesareeventhathewouldnotbewillingtohaveanadditionalmanintheship。IhavementionedthisbecauseforalongtimeIhavebeenthinkingaboutit。
JUNE。
Ihavejustreceivedabundlemoreletters。Idonotknowhowtothankyouallsufficiently。OnefromCatherine，February8th，anotherfromSusan，March3rd，togetherwithnotesfromCarolineandfrommyfather;givemybestlovetomyfather。Ialmostcriedforpleasureatreceivingit;itwasverykindthinkingofwritingtome。Mylettersarebothfew，short，andstupidinreturnforallyours;butIalwayseasemyconsciencebyconsideringtheJournalasalongletter。IfIcanmanageit，Iwill，beforedoublingtheHorn，sendtherest。IamquitedelightedtofindthehideoftheMegatheriumhasgivenyouallsomelittleinterestinmyemployments。Thesefragmentsarenot，however，byanymeansthemostvaluableofthegeologicalrelics。Itrustandbelievethatthetimespentinthisvoyage，ifthrownawayforallotherrespects，willproduceitsfullworthinNaturalHistory;anditappearstomethedoingwhatLITTLE
wecantoincreasethegeneralstockofknowledgeisasrespectableanobjectoflifeasonecaninanylikelihoodpursue。Itismoretheresultofsuchreflections（asIhavealreadysaid）thanmuchimmediatepleasurewhichnowmakesmecontinuethevoyage，togetherwiththegloriousprospectofthefuture，whenpassingtheStraitsofMagellan，wehaveintruththeworldbeforeus。ThinkoftheAndes，theluxuriantforestofGuayaquil，theislandsoftheSouthSea，andNewSouthWales。Howmanymagnificentandcharacteristicviews，howmanyandcurioustribesofmenweshallsee！
Whatfineopportunitiesforgeologyandforstudyingtheinfinitehostoflivingbeings！Isnotthisaprospecttokeepupthemostflaggingspirit？
IfIwastothrowitaway，Idon’tthinkIshouldeverrestquietinmygrave。IcertainlyshouldbeaghostandhaunttheBritishMuseum。
HowfamouslytheMinistersappeartobegoingon。Ialwaysmuchenjoypoliticalgossipandwhatyouathomethinkwill，etc。，etc。，takeplace。
Isteadilyreaduptheweeklypaper，butitisnotsufficienttoguideone’sopinion;andIfinditaverypainfulstatenottobeasobstinateasapiginpolitics。Ihavewatchedhowsteadilythegeneralfeeling，asshownatelections，hasbeenrisingagainstSlavery。WhataproudthingforEnglandifsheisthefirstEuropeannationwhichutterlyabolishesit！
IwastoldbeforeleavingEnglandthatafterlivinginslavecountriesallmyopinionswouldbealtered;theonlyalterationIamawareofisformingamuchhigherestimateofthenegrocharacter。Itisimpossibletoseeanegroandnotfeelkindlytowardshim;suchcheerful，open，honestexpressionsandsuchfinemuscularbodies。IneversawanyofthediminutivePortuguese，withtheirmurderouscountenances，withoutalmostwishingforBraziltofollowtheexampleofHayti;and，consideringtheenormoushealthy—lookingblackpopulation，itwillbewonderfulif，atsomefutureday，itdoesnottakeplace。ThereisatRioaman（Iknownothistitle）whohasalargesalarytoprevent（Ibelieve）thelandingofslaves;
helivesatBotofogo，andyetthatwasthebaywhere，duringmyresidence，thegreaternumberofsmuggledslaveswerelanded。SomeoftheAnti—
Slaverypeopleoughttoquestionabouthisoffice;itwasthesubjectofconversationatRioamongstthelowerEnglish……
CHARLESDARWINTOJ。M。HERBERT。
Maldonado，RioPlata，June2，1833。
MydearHerbert，Ihavebeenconfinedforthelastthreedaystoamiserabledarkroom，inanoldSpanishhouse，fromthetorrentsofrain;Iamnot，therefore，inverygoodtrimforwriting;but，defyingthebluedevils，Iwillsendyouafewlines，ifitismerelytothankyouverysincerelyforwritingtome。
Ireceivedyourletter，datedDecember1st，ashorttimesince。WearenowpassingpartofthewinterintheRioPlata，afterhavinghadahardsummer’sworktothesouth。TierradelFuegoisindeedamiserableplace;
theceaselessfuryofthegalesisquitetremendous。OneeveningwesawoldCapeHorn，andthreeweeksafterwardswewereonlythirtymilestowindwardofit。Itisagrandspectacletoseeallnaturethusraging;butHeavenknowseveryoneinthe"Beagle"hasseenenoughinthisonesummertolastthemtheirnaturallives。
ThefirstplacewelandedatwasGoodSuccessBay。ItwashereBanksandSolandermetsuchdisastersonascendingoneofthemountains。Theweatherwastolerablyfine，andIenjoyedsomewalksinawildcountry，likethatbehindBarmouth。Thevalleysareimpenetrablefromtheentangledwoods，butthehigherparts，nearthelimitsofperpetualsnow，arebare。Fromsomeofthesehillsthescenery，fromitssavage，solitarycharacter，wasmostsublime。Theonlyinhabitantoftheseheightsistheguanaco，andwithitsshrillneighingitoftenbreaksthestillness。TheconsciousnessthatnoEuropeanfoothadevertrodmuchofthisgroundaddedtothedelightoftheserambles。HowoftenandhowvividlyhavemanyofthehoursspentatBarmouthcomebeforemymind！Ilookbacktothattimewithnocommonpleasure;atthismomentIcanseeyouseatedonthehillbehindtheinn，almostasplainlyasifyouwerereallythere。Itisnecessarytobeseparatedfromallwhichonehasbeenaccustomedto，toknowhowproperlytotreasureupsuchrecollections，andatthisdistance，Imayadd，howproperlytoesteemsuchasyourself，mydearoldHerbert。IwonderwhenI
shalleverseeyouagain。Ihopeitmaybe，asyousay，surroundedwithheapsofparchment;butthentheremustbe，soonerorlater，adearlittleladytotakecareofyouandyourhouse。Suchadelightfulvisionmakesmequiteenvious。Thisisacuriouslifeforaregularshore—goingpersonsuchasmyself;theworstpartofitisitsextremelength。Thereiscertainlyagreatdealofhighenjoyment，andonthecontraryatolerableshareofvexationofspirit。Everything，however，shallbendtothepleasureofgrubbingupoldbones，andcaptivatingnewanimals。Bytheway，yourankmyNaturalHistorylaboursfartoohigh。Iamnothingmorethanalions’provider:Idonotfeelatallsurethattheywillnotgrowlandfinallydestroyme。
Itdoesone’sheartgoodtohearhowthingsaregoingoninEngland。
HurrahforthehonestWhigs！Itrusttheywillsoonattackthatmonstrousstainonourboastedliberty，ColonialSlavery。IhaveseenenoughofSlaveryandthedispositionsofthenegroes，tobethoroughlydisgustedwiththeliesandnonsenseonehearsonthesubjectinEngland。ThankGod，thecold—heartedTories，who，asJ。Mackintoshusedtosay，havenoenthusiasm，exceptagainstenthusiasm，haveforthepresentruntheirrace。
Iamsorry，byyourletter，tohearyouhavenotbeenwell，andthatyoupartlyattributeittowantofexercise。Iwishyouwerehereamongstthegreenplains;wewouldtakewalkswhichwouldrivaltheDolgellyones，andyoushouldtellstories，whichIwouldbelieve，eventoaCUBICFATHOMOF
PUDDING。InsteadImusttakemysolitaryramble，thinkofCambridgedays，andpickupsnakes，beetlesandtoads。Excusethisshortletter（youknowIneverstudied’TheCompleteLetter—writer’），andbelieveme，mydearHerbert，Youraffectionatefriend，CHARLESDARWIN。
CHARLESDARWINTOJ。S。HENSLOW。
EastFalklandIsland，March，1834……IamquitecharmedwithGeology，butlikethewiseanimalbetweentwobundlesofhay，Idonotknowwhichtolikethebest;theoldcrystallinegroupofrocks，orthesofterandfossiliferousbeds。Whenpuzzlingaboutstratifications，etc。，Ifeelinclinedtocry"afigforyourbigoysters，andyourbiggermegatheriums。"Butthenwhendiggingoutsomefinebones，Iwonderhowanymancantirehisarmswithhammeringgranite。BythewayIhavenotoneclearideaaboutcleavage，stratification，linesofupheaval。Ihavenobookswhichtellmemuch，andwhattheydoIcannotapplytowhatIsee。InconsequenceIdrawmyownconclusions，andmostgloriouslyridiculousonestheyare，Isometimesfancy……Canyouthrowanylightintomymindbytellingmewhatrelationcleavageandplanesofdepositionbeartoeachother？
AndnowformysecondSECTION，Zoology。IhavechieflybeenemployedinpreparingmyselffortheSouthSeabyexaminingthepolypiofthesmallerCorallinesintheselatitudes。Manyinthemselvesareverycurious，andI
thinkarequiteundescribed;therewasoneappallingone，alliedtoaFlustra，whichIdaresayImentionedhavingfoundtothenorthward，wherethecellshaveamovableorgan（likeavulture’shead，withadilatablebeak），fixedontheedge。Butwhatisofmoregeneralinterestistheunquestionable（asitappearstome）existenceofanotherspeciesofostrich，besidestheStruthiorhea。AlltheGauchosandIndiansstateitisthecase，andIplacethegreatestfaithintheirobservations。Ihavethehead，neck，pieceofskin，feathers，andlegsofone。Thedifferencesarechieflyinthecolourofthefeathersandscalesonlegs，beingfeatheredbelowtheknees，nidification，andgeographicaldistribution。SomuchforwhatIhavelatelydone;theprospectbeforemeisfullofsunshine，fineweather，gloriousscenery，thegeologyoftheAndes，plainsaboundingwithorganicremains（whichperhapsImayhavethegoodlucktocatchintheveryactofmoving），andlastly，anocean，itsshoresaboundingwithlife，sothat，ifnothingunforeseenhappens，Iwillsticktothevoyage，althoughforwhatIcanseethismaylasttillwereturnafinesetofwhite—headedoldgentlemen。Ihavetothankyoumostcordiallyforsendingmethebooks。IamnowreadingtheOxford’Report’（ThesecondmeetingoftheBritishAssociationwasheldatOxfordin1832，thefollowingyearitwasatCambridge。）;thewholeaccountofyourproceedingsismostglorious;youremaininginEnglandcannotwellimaginehowexcessivelyinterestingIfindthereports。Iamsurefrommyownthrillingsensationswhenreadingthem，thattheycannotfailtohaveanexcellenteffectuponallthoseresidingindistantcolonies，andwhohavelittleopportunityofseeingtheperiodicals。Myhammerhasflownwithredoubledforceonthedevotedblocks;asIthoughtovertheeloquenceoftheCambridgePresident，Ihitharderandharderblows。IhopetogivemyarmsstrengthfortheCordilleras。YouwillsendmethroughCapt。BeaufortacopyoftheCambridge’Report。’
Ihaveforgottentomentionthatforsometimepast，andforthefuture，I
willputapencilcrossonthepill—boxescontaininginsects，asthesealonewillrequirebeingkeptparticularlydry;itmayperhapssaveyousometrouble。WhenthisletterwillgoIdonotknow，asthislittleseatofdiscordhaslatelybeenembroiledbyadreadfulsceneofmurder，andatpresenttherearemoreprisonersthaninhabitants。IfamerchantvesselischarteredtotakethemtoRio，Iwillsendsomespecimens（especiallymyfewplantsandseeds）。RemembermetoallmyCambridgefriends。IloveandtreasureupeveryrecollectionofdearoldCambridge。IammuchobligedtoyouforputtingmynamedowntopoorRamsay’smonument;Ineverthinkofhimwithoutthewarmestadmiration。Farewell，mydearHenslow。
Believemeyourmostobligedandaffectionatefriend，CHARLESDARWIN。
CHARLESDARWINTOMISSC。DARWIN。
EastFalklandIsland，April6，1834。
MydearCatherine，WhenthisletterwillreachyouIknownot，butprobablysomeman—of—warwillcallherebefore，inthecommoncourseofevents，Ishouldhaveanotheropportunityofwriting……
Aftervisitingsomeofthesouthernislands，webeatupthroughthemagnificentsceneryoftheBeagleChanneltoJemmyButton’scountry。
（JemmyButton，YorkMinster，andFuegiaBasket，werenativesofTierradelFuego，broughttoEnglandbyCaptainFitz—Royinhisformervoyage，andrestoredtotheircountrybyhimin1832。）WecouldhardlyrecognisepoorJemmy。Insteadoftheclean，well—dressedstoutladwelefthim，wefoundhimanaked，thin，squalidsavage。YorkandFuegiahadmovedtotheirowncountrysomemonthsago，theformerhavingstolenallJemmy’sclothes。Nowhehadnothingexceptabitofblanketroundhiswaist。PoorJemmywasverygladtoseeus，and，withhisusualgoodfeeling，broughtseveralpresents（otter—skins，whicharemostvaluabletothemselves）forhisoldfriends。TheCaptainofferedtotakehimtoEngland，butthis，tooursurprise，heatoncerefused。Intheeveninghisyoungwifecamealongsideandshowedusthereason。Hewasquitecontented。Lastyear，intheheightofhisindignation，hesaid"hiscountrypeoplenosabenothing——
damnedfools"——nowtheywereverygoodpeople，withTOOmuchtoeat，andalltheluxuriesoflife。Jemmyandhiswifepaddledawayintheircanoeloadedwithpresents，andveryhappy。Themostcuriousthingis，thatJemmy，insteadofrecoveringhisownlanguage，hastaughtallhisfriendsalittleEnglish。"J。Button’scanoe"and"Jemmy’swifecome，""Givemeknife，"etc。，wassaidbyseveralofthem。
Wethenboreawayforthisisland——thislittlemiserableseatofdiscord。
WefoundthattheGauchos，underpretenceofarevolution，hadmurderedandplunderedalltheEnglishmenwhomtheycouldcatch，andsomeoftheirowncountrymen。AlltheeconomyathomemakestheforeignmovementsofEnglandmostcontemptible。HowdifferentfromoldSpain。Herewe，dog—in—the—
mangerfashion，seizeanisland，andleavetoprotectitaUnionJack;thepossessorhas，ofcourse，beenmurdered;wenowsendalieutenantwithfoursailors，withoutauthorityorinstructions。Aman—of—war，however，venturedtoleaveapartyofmarines，andbytheirassistance，andthetreacheryofsomeoftheparty，themurderershaveallbeentaken，therebeingnowasmanyprisonersasinhabitants。Thisislandmustsomedaybecomeaveryimportanthalting—placeinthemostturbulentseaintheworld。Itismid—waybetweenAustraliaandtheSouthSeatoEngland;
betweenChili，Peru，etc。，andtheRioPlataandtheRiodeJaneiro。Therearefineharbours，plentyoffreshwater，andgoodbeef。Itwoulddoubtlessproducethecoarservegetables。Inotherrespectsitisawretchedplace。Alittletimesince，Irodeacrosstheisland，andreturnedinfourdays。Myexcursionwouldhavebeenlonger，butduringthewholetimeitblewagaleofwind，withhailandsnow。Thereisnofirewoodbiggerthanheath，andthewholecountryis，moreorlessanelasticpeat—bog。SleepingoutatnightwastoomiserableworktoendureitforalltherocksinSouthAmerica。
Weshallleavethissceneofiniquityintwoorthreedays，andgototheRiodelaSta。Cruz。Oneoftheobjectsistolookattheship’sbottom。
WestruckheavilyonanunknownrockoffPortDesire，andsomeofhercopperistornoff。AfterthisisrepairedtheCaptainhasagloriousscheme;itistogototheveryheadofthisriver，thatisprobablytotheAndes。Itisquiteunknown;theIndianstellusitistwoorthreehundredyardsbroad，andhorsescannowherefordit。Icannotimagineanythingmoreinteresting。OurplansthenaretogotoFortFamine，andtherewemeetthe"Adventure"，whoisemployedinmakingtheChartoftheFalklands。
Thiswillbeinthemiddleofwinter，soIshallseeTierradelFuegoinherwhitedrapery。WeleavethestraitstoenterthePacificbytheBarbaraChannel，oneverylittleknown，andwhichpassesclosetothefootofMountSarmiento（thehighestmountaininthesouth，exceptingMt。！！
Darwin！！）。WethenshallscudawayforConcepcioninChili。Ibelievetheshipmustonceagainsteersouthward，butifanyonecatchesmethereagain，Iwillgivehimleavetohangmeupasascarecrowforallfuturenaturalists。IlongtobeatworkintheCordilleras，thegeologyofthisside，whichIunderstandprettywellissointimatelyconnectedwithperiodsofviolenceinthatgreatchainofmountains。Thefutureis，indeed，tomeabrilliantprospect。Yousayitsverybrilliancyfrightensyou;butreallyIamverycareful;Imaymentionasaproof，inallmyramblesIhaveneverhadanyoneaccidentorscrape……Continueinyourgoodcustomofwritingplentyofgossip;Imuchlikehearingallaboutallthings。RemembermemostkindlytoUncleJos，andtoalltheWedgwoods。
TellCharlotte（theirmarriednamessounddownrightunnatural）Ishouldliketohavewrittentoher，tohavetoldherhowwelleverythingisgoingon;butitwouldonlyhavebeenatranscriptofthisletter，andIhaveahostofanimalsatthisminutesurroundingmewhichallrequireembalmingandnumbering。IhavenotforgottenthecomfortIreceivedthatdayatMaer，whenmymindwaslikeaswingingpendulum。Givemybestlovetomyfather。Ihopehewillforgiveallmyextravagance，butnotasaChristian，forthenIsupposehewouldsendmenomoremoney。
Good—bye，dear，toyou，andallyourgoodlysisterhood。
Youraffectionatebrother，CHAS。DARWIN。
MylovetoNancy（Hisoldnurse。）;tellher，ifshewasnowtoseemewithmygreatbeard，shewouldthinkIwassomeworthySolomon，cometosellthetrinkets。
CHARLESDARWINTOC。WHITLEY。
Valparaiso，July23，1834。
MydearWhitley，Ihavelongintendedwriting，justtoputyouinmindthatthereisacertainhunterofbeetles，andpounderofrocksstillinexistence。WhyI
havenotdonesobeforeIknownot，butitwillservemerightifyouhavequiteforgottenme。ItisaverylongtimesinceIhaveheardanyCambridgenews;Ineitherknowwhereyouarelivingorwhatyouaredoing。
Isawyournamedownasoneoftheindefatigableguardiansoftheeighteenhundredphilosophers。Iwasdelightedtoseethis，forwhenwelastleftCambridgeyouwereatsadvariancewithpoorscience;youseemedtothinkherapublicprostituteworkingforpopularity。Ifyouropinionsarethesameasformerly，youwouldagreemostadmirablywithCaptainFitz—Roy，——
theobjectofhismostdevoutabhorrenceisoneofthed——dscientificWhigs。Ascaptainsofmen—of—wararethegreatestmengoing，fargreaterthankingsorschoolmasters，Iamobligedtotellhimeverythinginmyownfavour。IhaveoftensaidIoncehadaverygoodfriend，anout—and—outTory，andwemanagedtogetonverywelltogether。ButheisverymuchinclinedtodoubtifeverIreallywassomuchhonoured;atpresentwehearscarcelyanythingaboutpolitics;thissavesagreatdealoftrouble，forweallsticktoourformeropinionsrathermoreobstinatelythanbefore，andcangiveratherfewerreasonsfordoingso。
Idohopeyouwillwritetome:（’H。M。S。"Beagle"，S。AmericanStation’
willfindme）。Ishouldmuchliketohearinwhatstateyouarebothinbodyandmind。？QuienSabe？asthepeoplesayhere（andGodknowstheywellmay，fortheydoknowlittleenough），ifyouarenotamarriedman，andmaybenursing，asMissAustensays，littleolivebranches，littlepledgesofmutualaffection。Eheu！Eheu！thisputsmeinmindofformervisionsofglimpsesintofuturity，whereIfanciedIsawretirement，greencottages，andwhitepetticoats。WhatwillbecomeofmehereafterIknownot;Ifeellikearuinedman，whodoesnotseeorcarehowtoextricatehimself。Thatthisvoyagemustcometoaconclusionmyreasontellsme，butotherwiseIseenoendtoit。ItisimpossiblenotbitterlytoregretthefriendsandothersourcesofpleasureoneleavesbehindinEngland;inplaceofitthereismuchsolidenjoyment，somepresent，butmoreinanticipation，whentheideasgainedduringthevoyagecanbecomparedtofreshones。IfindinGeologyanever—failinginterest，asithasbeenremarked，itcreatesthesamegrandideasrespectingthisworldwhichAstronomydoesfortheuniverse。Wehaveseenmuchfinescenery;thatoftheTropicsinitsgloryandluxurianceexceedseventhelanguageofHumboldttodescribe。APersianwritercouldalonedojusticetoit，andifhesucceededhewouldinEnglandbecalledthe’Grandfatherofallliars。’"
ButIhaveseennothingwhichmorecompletelyastonishedmethanthefirstsightofasavage。ItwasanakedFuegian，hislonghairblowingabout，hisfacebesmearedwithpaint。ThereisintheircountenancesanexpressionwhichIbelieve，tothosewhohavenotseenit，mustbeinconceivablywild。Standingonarockheutteredtonesandmadegesticulations，thanwhichthecriesofdomesticanimalsarefarmoreintelligible。
WhenIreturntoEngland，youmusttakemeinhandwithrespecttothefinearts。IyetrecollecttherewasamancalledRaffaelleSanctus。Howdelightfulitwillbeonceagaintosee，intheFitzwilliam，Titian’sVenus。Howmuchmorethandelightfultogotosomegoodconcertorfineopera。Theserecollectionswillnotdo。Ishallnotbeableto—morrowtopickouttheentrailsofsomesmallanimalwithhalfmyusualgusto。PraytellmesomenewsaboutCameron，Watkins，Marindin，thetwoThompsonsofTrinity，Lowe，Heaviside，Matthew。HerbertIhaveheardfrom。HowisHenslowgettingon？andallothergoodfriendsofdearCambridge？OftenandoftendoIthinkoverthosepasthours，somanyofwhichhavebeenpassedinyourcompany。Suchcanneverreturn，buttheirrecollectioncanneverdieaway。
Godblessyou，mydearWhitley，Believeme，yourmostsincerefriend，CHAS。DARWIN。