SeveralreviewsandseverallettershaveshownmetooclearlyhowlittleI
　　amunderstood。Isuppose"naturalselection"wasabadterm;buttochangeitnow，Ithink，wouldmakeconfusionworseconfounded，norcanIthinkofabetter;"NaturalPreservation"wouldnotimplyapreservationofparticularvarieties，andwouldseematruism，andwouldnotbringman’sandnature’sselectionunderonepointofview。Icanonlyhopebyreiteratedexplanationsfinallytomakethematterclearer。IfmyMS。
　　spreadsout，IthinkIshallpublishonevolumeexclusivelyonvariationofanimalsandplantsunderdomestication。IwanttoshowthatIhavenotbeenquitesorashasmanysuppose。
　　Thoughwearyofreviews，IshouldliketoseeLowell’s（ThelateJ。A。
　　Lowellinthe’ChristianExaminer’（Boston，U。S。，May，1860。）sometime……I
　　supposeLowell’sdifficultyaboutinstinctisthesameasBowen’s;butitseemstomewhollytorestontheassumptionthatinstinctscannotgraduateasfinelyasstructures。Ihavestatedinmyvolumethatitishardlypossibletoknowwhich，i。e。whetherinstinctorstructure，changefirstbyinsensiblesteps。Probablysometimesinstinct，sometimesstructure。WhenaBritishinsectfeedsonanexoticplant，instincthaschangedbyverysmallsteps，andtheirstructuresmightchangesoastofullyprofitbythenewfood。Orstructuremightchangefirst，asthedirectionoftusksinonevarietyofIndianelephants，whichleadsittoattackthetigerinadifferentmannerfromotherkindsofelephants。Thanksforyourletterofthe2nd，chieflyaboutMurray。（N。B。HarveyofDublingivesme，inaletter，theargumentoftallmenmarryingshortwomen，asoneofgreatweight！）
　　Idonotquiteunderstandwhatyoumeanbysaying，"thatthemoretheyprovethatyouunderratephysicalconditions，thebetterforyou，asGeologycomesintoyouraid。"……IseeinMurrayandmanyothersoneincessantfallacy，whenalludingtoslightdifferencesofphysicalconditionsasbeingveryimportant;namely，oblivionofthefactthatallspecies，exceptverylocalones，rangeoveraconsiderablearea，andthoughexposedtowhattheworldcallsconsiderableDIVERSITIES，yetkeepconstant。Ihavejustalludedtothisinthe’Origin’incomparingtheproductionsoftheOldandtheNewWorlds。
　　Farewell，shallyoubeatOxford？IfH。getsquitewell，perhapsIshallgothere。
　　Yoursaffectionately，C。DARWIN。
　　CHARLESDARWINTOC。LYELL。
　　Down[June14th，1860]……Lowell’sreview（J。A。Lowellinthe’ChristianExaminer，’May1860。）ispleasantlywritten，butitisclearthatheisnotanaturalist。Hequiteoverlookstheimportanceoftheaccumulationofmereindividualdifferences，andwhich，IthinkIcanshow，isthegreatagencyofchangeunderdomestication。IhavenotfinishedSchaaffhausen，asIreadGermansobadly。Ihaveorderedacopyformyself，andshouldliketokeepyourstillmyownarrives，butwillreturnittoyouinstantlyifwanted。Headmitsstatementsratherrashly，asIdaresayIdo。Iseeonlyonesentenceasyetatallapproachingnaturalselection。
　　Thereisanoticeofmeinthepenultimatenumberof’AlltheYearRound，’
　　butnotworthconsulting;chieflyawell—donehashofmyownwords。Yourlastnotewasveryinterestingandconsolatorytome。
　　IhaveexpresslystatedthatIbelievephysicalconditionshaveamoredirecteffectonplantsthanonanimals。ButthemoreIstudy，themoreI
　　amledtothinkthatnaturalselectionregulates，inastateofnature，mosttriflingdifferences。Assquaredstone，orbricks，ortimber，aretheindispensablematerialsforabuilding，andinfluenceitscharacter，soisvariabilitynotonlyindispensable，butinfluential。YetinthesamemannerasthearchitectistheALLimportantpersoninabuilding，soisselectionwithorganicbodies……
　　[ThemeetingoftheBritishAssociationatOxfordin1860isfamousfortwopitchedbattlesoverthe’OriginofSpecies。’Bothofthemoriginatedinunimportantpapers。OnThursday，June28，Dr。DaubenyofOxfordmadeacommunicationtoSectionD:"Onthefinalcausesofthesexualityofplants，withparticularreferencetoMr。Darwin’sworkonthe’OriginofSpecies。’"Mr。HuxleywascalledonbythePresident，buttried（accordingtothe"Athenaeum"report）toavoidadiscussion，ontheground"thatageneralaudience，inwhichsentimentwouldundulyinterferewithintellect，wasnotthepublicbeforewhichsuchadiscussionshouldbecarriedon。"
　　However，thesubjectwasnotallowedtodrop。SirR。Owen（Iquotefromthe"Athenaeum"，July7，1860），who"wishedtoapproachthissubjectinthespiritofthephilosopher，"expressedhis"convictionthattherewerefactsbywhichthepubliccouldcometosomeconclusionwithregardtotheprobabilitiesofthetruthofMr。Darwin’stheory。"Hewentontosaythatthebrainofthegorilla"presentedmoredifferences，ascomparedwiththebrainofman，thanitdidwhencomparedwiththebrainsoftheverylowestandmostproblematicaloftheQuadrumana。"Mr。Huxleyreplied，andgavetheseassertionsa"directandunqualifiedcontradiction，"pledginghimselfto"justifythatunusualprocedureelsewhere"（’Man’sPlaceinNature，’byT。H。Huxley，1863，page114。），apledgewhichheamplyfulfilled。（Seethe’Nat。Hist。Review，’1861。）OnFridaytherewaspeace，butonSaturday30th，thebattlearosewithredoubledfuryoverapaperbyDr。DraperofNewYork，onthe’IntellectualdevelopmentofEuropeconsideredwithreferencetotheviewsofMr。Darwin。’
　　Thefollowingaccountisfromaneye—witnessofthescene。
　　"Theexcitementwastremendous。TheLecture—room，inwhichithadbeenarrangedthatthediscussionshouldbeheld，provedfartoosmallfortheaudience，andthemeetingadjournedtotheLibraryoftheMuseum，whichwascrammedtosuffocationlongbeforethechampionsenteredthelists。Thenumberswereestimatedatfrom700to1000。Haditbeenterm—time，orhadthegeneralpublicbeenadmitted，itwouldhavebeenimpossibletohaveaccommodatedtherushtoheartheoratoryoftheboldBishop。ProfessorHenslow，thePresidentofSectionD，occupiedthechairandwiselyannouncedinliminethatnonewhohadnotvalidargumentstobringforwardononesideortheother，wouldbeallowedtoaddressthemeeting:acautionthatprovednecessary，fornofewerthanfourcombatantshadtheirutterancesburkedbyhim，becauseoftheirindulgenceinvaguedeclamation。
　　"TheBishopwasuptotime，andspokeforfullhalf—an—hourwithinimitablespirit，emptinessandunfairness。Itwasevidentfromhishandlingofthesubjectthathehadbeen’crammed’uptothethroat，andthatheknewnothingatfirsthand;infact，heusednoargumentnottobefoundinhis’Quarterly’article。HeridiculedDarwinbadly，andHuxleysavagely，butallinsuchdulcettones，sopersuasiveamanner，andinsuchwell—turnedperiods，thatIwhohadbeeninclinedtoblamethePresidentforallowingadiscussionthatcouldservenoscientificpurposenowforgavehimfromthebottomofmyheart。UnfortunatelytheBishop，hurriedalongonthecurrentofhisowneloquence，sofarforgothimselfastopushhisattemptedadvantagetothevergeofpersonalityinatellingpassageinwhichheturnedroundandaddressedHuxley:Iforgottheprecisewords，andquotefromLyell。’TheBishopaskedwhetherHuxleywasrelatedbyhisgrandfather’sorgrandmother’ssidetoanape。’（Lyell’s’Letters，’vol。
　　ii。page335。）Huxleyrepliedtothescientificargumentofhisopponentwithforceandeloquence，andtothepersonalallusionwithaself—
　　restraint，thatgavedignitytohiscrushingrejoinder。"
　　ManyversionsofMr。Huxley’sspeechwerecurrent:thefollowingreportofhisconclusionisfromaletteraddressedbythelateJohnRichardGreen，thenanundergraduate，toafellow—student，nowProfessorBoydDawkins。"I
　　asserted，andIrepeat，thatamanhasnoreasontobeashamedofhavinganapeforhisgrandfather。IftherewereanancestorwhomIshouldfeelshameinrecalling，itwouldbeaMAN，amanofrestlessandversatileintellect，who，notcontentwithanequivocal（Prof。V。Carus，whohasadistinctrecollectionofthescene，doesnotrememberthewordequivocal。
　　HebelievestoothatLyell’sversionofthe"ape"sentenceisslightlyincorrect。）successinhisownsphereofactivity，plungesintoscientificquestionswithwhichhehasnorealacquaintance，onlytoobscurethembyanaimlessrhetoric，anddistracttheattentionofhishearersfromtherealpointatissuebyeloquentdigressions，andskilledappealstoreligiousprejudice。"
　　Theletterabovequotedcontinues:
　　"Theexcitementwasnowatitsheight;aladyfaintedandhadtobecarriedout，anditwassometimebeforethediscussionwasresumed。SomevoicescalledforHooker，andhisnamehavingbeenhandedup，thePresidentinvitedhimtogivehisviewofthetheoryfromtheBotanicalside。Thishedid，demonstratingthattheBishop，byhisownshowing，hadnevergraspedtheprinciplesofthe’Origin’（WithregardtotheBishop’s’QuarterlyReview，’myfatherwrote:"Theseveryclevermenthinktheycanwriteareviewwithaveryslightknowledgeofthebookreviewedorsubjectinquestion。"），andthathewasabsolutelyignorantoftheelementsofbotanicalscience。TheBishopmadenoreply，andthemeetingbrokeup。
　　"TherewasacrowdedconversazioneintheeveningattheroomsofthehospitableandgenialProfessorofBotany，Dr。Daubeny，wherethealmostsoletopicwasthebattleofthe’Origin，’andIwasmuchstruckwiththefairandunprejudicedwayinwhichtheblackcoatsandwhitecravatsofOxforddiscussedthequestion，andthefranknesswithwhichtheyofferedtheircongratulationstothewinnersinthecombat。]
　　CHARLESDARWINTOJ。D。HOOKER。
　　SudbrookPark，Mondaynight[July2nd，1860]。
　　MydearHooker，Ihavejustreceivedyourletter。Ihavebeenverypoorly，withalmostcontinuousbadheadacheforforty—eighthours，andIwaslowenough，andthinkingwhatauselessburthenIwastomyselfandallothers，whenyourlettercame，andithassocheeredme;yourkindnessandaffectionbroughttearsintomyeyes。Talkoffame，honour，pleasure，wealth，allaredirtcomparedwithaffection;andthisisadoctrinewithwhich，Iknow，fromyourletter，thatyouwillagreewithfromthebottomofyourheart……HowI
　　shouldhavelikedtohavewanderedaboutOxfordwithyou，ifIhadbeenwellenough;andhowstillmoreIshouldhavelikedtohaveheardyoutriumphingovertheBishop。Iamastonishedatyoursuccessandaudacity。
　　Itissomethingunintelligibletomehowanyonecanargueinpubliclikeoratorsdo。Ihadnoideayouhadthispower。Ihavereadlatelysomanyhostileviews，thatIwasbeginningtothinkthatperhapsIwaswhollyinthewrong，andthat——wasrightwhenhesaidthewholesubjectwouldbeforgottenintenyears;butnowthatIhearthatyouandHuxleywillfightpublicly（whichIamsureInevercoulddo），Ifullybelievethatourcausewill，inthelong—run，prevail。IamgladIwasnotinOxford，forI
　　shouldhavebeenoverwhelmed，withmy[health]initspresentstate。
　　CHARLESDARWINTOT。H。HUXLEY。
　　SudbrookPark，Richmond，July3rd[1860]……IhadaletterfromOxford，writtenbyHookerlateonSundaynight，givingmesomeaccountoftheawfulbattleswhichhaveragedaboutspeciesatOxford。HetellsmeyoufoughtnoblywithOwen（butIhaveheardnoparticulars），andthatyouansweredtheB。ofO。capitally。Ioftenthinkthatmyfriends（andyoufarbeyondothers）havegoodcausetohateme，forhavingstirredupsomuchmud，andledthemintosomuchodioustrouble。
　　IfIhadbeenafriendofmyself，Ishouldhavehatedme。（HowtomakethatsentencegoodEnglish，Iknownot。）Butremember，ifIhadnotstirredupthemud，someoneelsecertainlysoonwould。Ihonouryourpluck;IwouldassoonhavediedastriedtoanswertheBishopinsuchanassembly……
　　[OnJuly20th，myfatherwrotetoMr。Huxley:
　　"FromallthatIhearfromseveralquarters，itseemsthatOxforddidthesubjectgreatgood。Itisofenormousimportance，theshowingtheworldthatafewfirst—ratemenarenotafraidofexpressingtheiropinion。"]
　　CHARLESDARWINTOJ。D。HOOKER。
　　[July1860]……Ihavejustreadthe’Quarterly。’（’QuarterlyReview，’July1860。ThearticleinquestionwasbyWilberforce，BishopofOxford，andwasafterwardspublishedinhis"EssaysContributedtothe’QuarterlyReview，’
　　1874。"Thepassagefromthe’Anti—Jacobin’givesthehistoryoftheevolutionofspacefromthe"primaevalpointorpunctumsaliensoftheuniverse，"whichisconceivedtohavemoved"forwardinarightlineadinfinitum，tillitgrewtired;afterwhichtherightline，whichithadgenerated，wouldbegintoputitselfinmotioninalateraldirection，describinganareaofinfiniteextent。Thisarea，assoonasitbecameconsciousofitsownexistence，wouldbegintoascendordescendaccordingasitsspecificgravitywoulddetermineit，forminganimmensesolidspacefilledwithvacuum，andcapableofcontainingthepresentuniverse。"
　　Thefollowing（page263）mayserveasanexampleofthepassagesinwhichthereviewerreferstoSirCharlesLyell:——"ThatMr。Darwinshouldhavewanderedfromthisbroadhighwayofnature’sworksintothejungleoffancifulassumptionisnosmallevil。WetrustthatheismistakeninbelievingthathemaycountSirC。Lyellasoneofhisconverts。Weknow，indeed，thatthestrengthofthetemptationswhichhecanbringtobearuponhisgeologicalbrother……YetnomanhasbeenmoredistinctandmorelogicalinthedenialofthetransmutationofspeciesthanSirC。Lyell，andthatnotintheinfancyofhisscientificlife，butinitsfullvigourandmaturity。"TheBishopgoesontoappealtoLyell，inorderthatwithhishelp"thisflimsyspeculationmaybeascompletelyputdownaswaswhatinspiteofalldenialswemustventuretocallitstwinthoughlessinstructedbrother，the’VestigesofCreation。’"
　　Withreferencetothisarticle，Mr。BrodieInnes，myfather’soldfriendandneighbour，writes:——"MostmenwouldhavebeenannoyedbyanarticlewrittenwiththeBishop’saccustomedvigour，amixtureofargumentandridicule。Mr。Darwinwaswritingonsomeparishmatter，andputapostscript——’Ifyouhavenotseenthelast’Quarterly，’dogetit;theBishopofOxfordhasmadesuchcapitalfunofmeandmygrandfather。’Byacuriouscoincidence，whenIreceivedtheletter，IwasstayinginthesamehousewiththeBishop，andshowedittohim。Hesaid，’Iamverygladhetakesitinthatway，heissuchacapitalfellow。’"）Itisuncommonlyclever;itpicksoutwithskillallthemostconjecturalparts，andbringsforwardwellallthedifficulties。Itquizzesmequitesplendidlybyquotingthe’Anti—Jacobin’versusmyGrandfather。Youarenotalludedto，nor，strangetosay，Huxley;andIcanplainlysee，hereandthere，——’shand。TheconcludingpageswillmakeLyellshakeinhisshoes。ByJove，ifhestickstous，hewillbearealhero。Good—night。Yourwell—
　　quizzed，butnotsorrowful，andaffectionatefriend。
　　C。D。
　　IcanseetherehasbeensomequeertamperingwiththeReview，forapagehasbeencutoutandreprinted。
　　[WritingonJuly22toDr。AsaGraymyfatherthusreferstoLyell’sposition:——
　　"Consideringhisage，hisformerviewsandpositioninsociety，Ithinkhisconducthasbeenheroiconthissubject。"]
　　CHARLESDARWINTOASAGRAY。
　　[Hartfield，Sussex]July22nd[1860]。
　　MydearGray，Owingtoabsencefromhomeatwater—cureandthenhavingtomovemysickgirltowhenceIamnowwriting，IhaveonlylatelyreadthediscussioninProc。AmericanAcad。（April10，1860。Dr。Graycriticisedindetail"severalofthepositionstakenattheprecedingmeetingbyMr。[J。A。]
　　Lowell，Prof。BowenandProf。Agassiz。"Itwasreprintedinthe"Athenaeum"，August4，1860。），andnowIcannotresistexpressingmysincereadmirationofyourmostclearpowersofreasoning。AsHookerlatelysaidinanotetome，youaremorethanANYONEelsethethoroughmasterofthesubject。IdeclarethatyouknowmybookaswellasIdomyself;andbringtothequestionnewlinesofillustrationandargumentinamannerwhichexcitesmyastonishmentandalmostmyenvy！Iadmirethesediscussions，Ithink，almostmorethanyourarticleinSilliman’sJournal。
　　Everysinglewordseemsweighedcarefully，andtellslikea32—poundshot。
　　Itmakesmemuchwish（butIknowthatyouhavenottime）thatyoucouldwritemoreindetail，andgive，forinstance，thefactsonthevariabilityoftheAmericanwildfruits。The"Athenaeum"hasthelargestcirculation，andIhavesentmycopytotheeditorwitharequestthathewouldrepublishthefirstdiscussion;Imuchfearhewillnot，ashereviewedthesubjectinsohostileaspirit……Ishallbecurious[tosee]andwillordertheAugustnumber，assoonasIknowthatitcontainsyourreviewofReviews。Myconclusionisthatyouhavemadeamistakeinbeingabotanist，yououghttohavebeenalawyer……Henslow（ProfessorHenslowwasmentionedintheDecembernumberof’Macmillan’sMagazine’asbeinganadherentofEvolution。Inconsequenceofthishepublished，intheFebruarynumberofthefollowingyear，aletterdefininghisposition。ThishedidbymeansofanextractfromaletteraddressedtohimbytheRev。L。Jenyns（Blomefield）which"verynearly，"ashesays，expressedhisviews。Mr。Blomefieldwrote，"Iwasnotawarethatyouhadbecomeaconverttohis（Darwin’s）theory，andcanhardlysupposeyouhaveaccepteditasawhole，though，likemyself，youmaygotothelengthofimaginingthatmanyofthesmallergroups，bothofanimalsandplants，mayatsomeremoteperiodhavehadacommonparentage。
　　Idonotwithsomesaythatthewholeofhistheorycannotbetrue——butthatitisveryfarfromproved;andIdoubtitseverbeingpossibletoproveit。"）andDaubenyareshaken。IhearfromHookerthathehearsfromHochstetterthatmyviewsaremakingveryconsiderableprogressinGermany，andthegoodworkersarediscussingthequestion。Bronnattheendofhistranslationhasachapterofcriticism，butitissuchdifficultGermanthatIhavenotyetreadit。Hopkins’sreviewin’Fraser’isthoughtthebestwhichhasappearedagainstus。IbelievethatHopkinsissomuchopposedbecausehiscourseofstudyhasneverledhimtoreflectmuchonsuchsubjectsasgeographicaldistribution，classification，homologies，etc。，sothathedoesnotfeelitarelieftohavesomekindofexplanation。
　　CHARLESDARWINTOC。LYELL。
　　Hartfield[Sussex]，July30th[1860]……IhadlotsofpleasantlettersabouttheBritishAssociation，andoursideseemstohavegotonverywell。TherehasbeenasmuchdiscussionontheothersideoftheAtlanticasonthis。NooneIthinkunderstandsthewholecasebetterthanAsaGray，andhehasbeenfightingnobly。Heisacapitalreasoner。Ihavesentoneofhisprinteddiscussionstoour"Athenaeum"，andtheeditorsayshewillprintit。The’Quarterly’hasbeenoutsometime。Itcontainsnomalice，whichiswonderful……ItmakesmesaymanythingswhichIdonotsay。AttheenditquotesallyourconclusionsagainstLamarck，andmakesasolemnappealtoyoutokeepfirminthetruefaith。Ifancyitwillmakeyouquakealittle。——hasingeniouslyprimedtheBishop（withMurchison）againstyouasheadoftheuniformitarians。Theonlyotherreviewworthmentioning，whichIcanthinkof，isinthethirdNo。ofthe’LondonReview，’bysomegeologist，andfavorableforawonder。Itisveryablydone，andIshouldlikemuchtoknowwhoistheauthor。IshallbeverycurioustohearonyourreturnwhetherBronn’sGermantranslationofthe’Origin’hasdrawnanyattentiontothesubject。Huxleyiseagerabouta’NaturalHistoryReview，’whichheandothersaregoingtoedit，andhehasgotsomanyfirst—rateassistants，thatIreallybelievehewillmakeitafirst—rateproduction。Ihavebeendoingnothing，exceptalittlebotanicalworkasamusement。Ishallhereafterbeveryanxioustohearhowyourtourhasanswered。IexpectyourbookonthegeologicalhistoryofManwill，withavengeance，beabomb—shell。Ihopeitwillnotbeverylongdelayed。OurkindestremembrancestoLadyLyell。Thisisnotworthsending，butIhavenothingbettertosay。
　　Yoursaffectionately，C。DARWIN。
　　CHARLESDARWINTOF。WATKINS。（SeeVolumeI。）
　　Down，July30th，[1860？]。
　　MydearWatkins，Yournotegavemerealpleasure。LeadingtheretiredlifewhichIdo，withbadhealth，Ioftenerthinkofoldtimesthanmostmenprobablydo;andyourfacenowrisesbeforeme，withthepleasantoldexpression，asvividlyasifIsawyou。
　　Mybookhasbeenwellabused，praised，andsplendidlyquizzedbytheBishopofOxford;butfromwhatIseeofitsinfluenceonreallygoodworkersinscience，Ifeelconfidentthat，INTHEMAIN，Iamontherightroad。Withrespecttoyourquestion，Ithinktheargumentsarevalid，showingthatallanimalshavedescendedfromfourorfiveprimordialforms;andthatanalogyandweakreasonsgotoshowthatallhavedescendedfromsomesingleprototype。
　　Farewell，myoldfriend。IlookbacktooldCambridgedayswithunalloyedpleasure。
　　Believeme，yoursmostsincerely，CHARLESDARWIN。
　　T。H。HUXLEYTOCHARLESDARWIN。
　　August6th，1860。
　　MydearDarwin，Ihavetoannounceanewandgreatallyforyou……
　　VonBaerwritestomethus:——Etoutrecela，jetrouvequevousecrivezencoredesredactions。Vousavezecritsurl’ouvragedeM。Darwinunecritiquedontjen’aitrouvequedesdebrisdansunjournalallemand。J’aioublielenomterribledujournalanglaisdanslequelsetrouvevotrerecension。Entoutcasaussijenepeuxpastrouverlejournalici。Commejem’interessebeaucouppourlesideesdeM。Darwin，surlesquellesj’aiparlepubliquementetsurlesquellesjeferaipeut—etreimprimerquelquechose——vousm’obligeriezinfinimentsivouspourriezmefaireparvenircequevousavezecritsurcesidees。
　　"J’aienoncelesmemesideessurlatransformationdestypesouorigined’especesqueM。Darwin。（SeeVol。I。）Maisc’estseulementsurlageographiezoologiquequejem’appuie。Voustrouverez，dansledernierchapitredutraite’UeberPapuasundAlfuren，’quej’enparletresdecidementsanssavoirqueM。Darwins’occupaitdecetobjet。"
　　ThetreatisetowhichVonBaerrefershegavemewhenoverhere，butIhavenotbeenabletolayhandsonitsincethisletterreachedmetwodaysago。
　　WhenIfinditIwillletyouknowwhatthereisinit。
　　Everyoursfaithfully，T。H。HUXLEY。
　　CHARLESDARWINTOT。H。HUXLEY。
　　Down，August8[1860]。
　　MydearHuxley，Yournotecontainedmagnificentnews，andthankyouheartilyforsendingitme。VonBaerweighsdownwithavengeanceallthevirulenceof[the’Edinburgh’reviewer]andweakargumentsofAgassiz。IfyouwritetoVonBaer，forheaven’ssaketellhimthatweshouldthinkonenodofapprobationonourside，ofthegreatestvalue;andifhedoeswriteanything，beghimtosendusacopy，forIwouldtryandgetittranslatedandpublishedinthe"Athenaeum"andin’Silliman’totouchupAgassiz……HaveyouseenAgassiz’sweakmetaphysicalandtheologicalattackonthe’Origin’inthelast’Silliman’？（The’AmericanJournalofScienceandArts’（commonlycalled’Silliman’sJournal’），July1860。Printedfromadvancedsheetsofvol。iii。of’ContributionstotheNat。Hist。oftheU。S。’Myfather’scopyhasapencilled"Truly"oppositethefollowingpassage:——"UnlessDarwinandhisfollowerssucceedinshowingthatthestruggleforlifetendstosomethingbeyondfavouringtheexistenceofcertainindividualsoverthatofotherindividuals，theywillsoonfindthattheyarefollowingashadow。"）Iwouldsendityou，butapprehenditwouldbelesstroubleforyoutolookatitinLondonthanreturnittome。
　　R。WagnerhassentmeaGermanpamphlet（’LouisAgassiz’sPrinzipienderClassification，etc。，mitRucksichtaufDarwinsAnsichten。Separat—AbdruckausdenGottingischengelehrtenAnzeigen，’1860。），givinganabstractofAgassiz’s’EssayonClassification，’"mitRucksichtaufDarwinsAnsichten，"
　　etc。etc。Hewon’tgovery"dangerouslengths，"butthinksthetruthlieshalf—waybetweenAgassizandthe’Origin。’Ashegoesthusfarhewill，nolensvolens，havetogofurther。Hesaysheisgoingtoreviewmein[his]yearlyReport。MygoodandkindagentforthepropagationoftheGospel——i。e。thedevil’sgospel。
　　Everyours，C。DARWIN。
　　CHARLESDARWINTOC。LYELL。
　　Down，August11th[1860]……IhavelaughedatWoodwardthinkingthatyouwereamanwhocouldbeinfluencedinyourjudgmentbythevoiceofthepublic;andyetaftermortallysneeringathim，Iwasobligedtoconfesstomyself，thatIhadhadfears，whattheeffectmightbeofsomanyheavygunsfiredbygreatmen。AsIhave（sentbyMurray）aspare’QuarterlyReview，’Isenditbythispost，asitmayamuseyou。TheAnti—Jacobinpartamusedme。Itisfulloferrors，andHookeristhinkingofansweringit。Therehasbeenacancelledpage;Ishouldliketoknowwhatgiganticblunderitcontained。
　　Hookersaysthat——hasplayedontheBishop，andmadehimstrikewhatevernoteheliked;hehaswishedtomakethearticleasdisagreeabletoyouaspossible。Iwillsendthe"Athenaeum"inadayortwo。
　　Asyouwishtohearwhatreviewshaveappeared，ImaymentionthatAgassizhasfiredoffashotinthelast’Silliman，’notgoodatall，deniesvariationsandrestsontheperfectionofGeologicalevidence。AsaGraytellsmethataverycleverfriendhasbeenalmostconvertedtooursidebythisreviewofAgassiz’s……ProfessorParsons（TheophilusParsons，ProfessorofLawinHarvardUniversity。）haspublishedinthesame’Silliman’aspeculativepapercorrectingmynotions，worthnothing。Inthe’HighlandAgriculturalJournal’thereisareviewbysomeEntomologist，notworthmuch。ThisisallthatIcanremember……AsHuxleysays，theplatoonfiringmustsooncease。HookerandHuxley，andAsaGray，Isee，aredeterminedtosticktothebattleandnotgivein;Iamfullyconvincedthatwheneveryoupublish，itwillproduceagreateffectonallTRIMMERS，andonmanyothers。BythewayIforgottomentionDaubeny’spamphlet（’RemarksonthefinalcausesofthesexualityofplantswithparticularreferencetoMr。
　　Darwin’sworkonthe"OriginofSpecies。"’——BritishAssociationReport，1860。），veryliberalandcandid，butscientificallyweak。IbelieveHookerisgoingnowherethissummer;heisexcessivelybusy……Hehaswrittenmemany，mostniceletters。IshallbeverycurioustohearonyourreturnsomeaccountofyourGeologicaldoings。TalkingofGeology，youusedtobeinterestedaboutthe"pipes"inthechalk。Aboutthreeyearsagoaperfectlycircularholesuddenlyappearedinaflatgrassfieldtoeveryone’sastonishment，andwasfilledupwithmanywaggonloadsofearth;
　　andnowtwoorthreedaysago，againithascircularlysubsidedabouttwofeetmore。Howclearlythisshowswhatisstillslowlygoingon。ThismorningIrecommencedwork，andamatdogs;whenIhavewrittenmyshortdiscussiononthem，Iwillhaveitcopied，andifyoulike，youcanthenseehowtheargumentstands，abouttheirmultipleorigin。Asyouseemedtothinkthisimportant，itmightbeworthyourreading;thoughIdonotfeelsurethatyouwillcometothesameprobableconclusionthatIhavedone。
　　Bytheway，theBishopmakesaverytellingcaseagainstme，byaccumulatingseveralinstanceswhereIspeakverydoubtfully;butthisisveryunfair，asinsuchcasesasthisofthedog，theevidenceisandmustbeverydoubtful……
　　CHARLESDARWINTOASAGRAY。
　　Down，August11[1860]。
　　MydearGray，OnmyreturnhomefromSussexaboutaweekago，Ifoundseveralarticlessentbyyou。Thefirstarticle，fromthe’AtlanticMonthly，’Iamverygladtopossess。Bytheway，theeditorofthe"Athenaeum"（August4，1860。）hasinsertedyouranswertoAgassiz，Bowen，andCo。，andwhenI
　　thereinreadthem，Iadmiredthemevenmorethanatfirst。Theyreallyseemedtobeadmirableintheircondensation，force，clearnessandnovelty。
　　IamsurprisedthatAgassizdidnotsucceedinwritingsomethingbetter。
　　Howabsurdthatlogicalquibble——"ifspeciesdonotexist，howcantheyvary？"Asifanyonedoubtedtheirtemporaryexistence。Howcoollyheassumesthatthereissomeclearlydefineddistinctionbetweenindividualdifferencesandvarieties。Itisnowonderthatamanwhocallsidenticalforms，whenfoundintwocountries，distinctspecies，cannotfindvariationinnature。Again，howunreasonabletosupposethatdomesticvarietiesselectedbymanforhisownfancyshouldresemblenaturalvarietiesorspecies。Thewholearticleseemstomepoor;itseemstomehardlyworthadetailedanswer（evenifIcoulddoit，andImuchdoubtwhetherIpossessyourskillinpickingoutsalientpointsanddrivinganailintothem），andindeedyouhavealreadyansweredseveralpoints。Agassiz’sname，nodoubt，isaheavyweightagainstus……
　　IfyouseeProfessorParsons，willyouthankhimfortheextremelyliberalandfairspiritinwhichhisEssay（’Silliman’sJournal，’July，1860。）iswritten。PleasetellhimthatIreflectedmuchonthechanceoffavourablemonstrosities（i。e。greatandsuddenvariation）arising。Ihave，ofcourse，noobjectiontothis，indeeditwouldbeagreataid，butIdonotalludetothesubject，for，aftermuchlabour，Icouldfindnothingwhichsatisfiedmeoftheprobabilityofsuchoccurrences。Thereseemstomeinalmosteverycasetoomuch，toocomplex，andtoobeautifuladaptation，ineverystructure，tobelieveinitssuddenproduction。Ihavealludedundertheheadofbeautifullyhookedseedstosuchpossibility。Monstersareapttobesterile，orNOTtotransmitmonstrouspeculiarities。LookatthefinenessofgradationintheshellsofsuccessiveSUB—STAGESofthesamegreatformation;Icouldgivemanyotherconsiderationswhichmademedoubtsuchview。Itholds，toacertainextent，withdomesticproductionsnodoubt，wheremanpreservessomeabruptchangeinstructure。ItamusedmetoseeSirR。Murchisonquotedasajudgeofaffinitiesofanimals，anditgavemeacoldshuddertohearofanyonespeculatingaboutatruecrustaceangivingbirthtoatruefish！（Parson’s，loc。cit。page5，speakingofPterichthysandCephalaspis，says:——"Nowisittoomuchtoinferfromthesefactsthateitheroftheseanimals，ifacrustacean，wassonearlyafishthatsomeofitsovamayhavebecomefish;or，ifitselfafish，wassonearlyacrustaceanthatitmayhavebeenbornfromtheovumofacrustacean？"）
　　Yoursmosttruly，C。DARWIN。
　　CHARLESDARWINTOC。LYELL。
　　Down，September1st[1860]。
　　MydearLyell，Ihavebeenmuchinterestedbyyourletterofthe28th，receivedthismorning。IthasDELIGHTEDme，becauseitdemonstratesthatyouhavethoughtagooddeallatelyonNaturalSelection。Fewthingshavesurprisedmemorethantheentirepaucityofobjectionsanddifficultiesnewtomeinthepublishedreviews。Yourremarksareofadifferentstampandnewtome。Iwillrunthroughthem，andmakeafewpleadingssuchasoccurtome。
　　IputinthepossibilityoftheGalapagoshavingbeenCONTINUOUSLYjoinedtoAmerica，outofmeresubserviencetothemanywhobelieveinForbes’sdoctrine，anddidnotseethedangerofadmission，aboutsmallmammalssurvivingthereinsuchcase。ThecaseoftheGalapagos，fromcertainfactsonlittoralsea—shells（viz。PacificOceanandSouthAmericanlittoralspecies），infactconvincedmemorethaninanyothercaseofotherislands，thattheGalapagoshadneverbeencontinuouslyunitedwiththemainland;itwasmerebasesubservience，andterrorofHookerandCo。
　　Withrespecttoatolls，IthinkmammalswouldhardlysurviveVERYLONG，evenifthemainislands（forasIhavesaidintheCoralBook，theoutlineofgroupsofatollsdonotlooklikeaformerCONTINENT）hadbeentenantedbymammals，fromtheextremelysmallarea，theverypeculiarconditions，andtheprobabilitythatduringsubsidenceallornearlyallatollshavebeenbreachedandfloodedbytheseamanytimesduringtheirexistenceasatolls。