BookI。
BIRTHANDPARENTAGE。
1712。
ChapterI。
PROEM:FRIEDRICH’SHISTORYFROMTHEDISTANCEWEAREAT。
Aboutfourscoreyearsago，thereusedtobeseensaunteringontheterracesofSansSouci，forashorttimeintheafternoon，oryoumighthavemethimelsewhereatanearlierhour，ridingordrivinginarapidbusinessmannerontheopenroadsorthroughthescraggywoodsandavenuesofthatintricateamphibiousPotsdamregion，ahighlyinterestingleanlittleoldman，ofalertthoughslightlystoopingfigure；whosenameamongstrangerswasKingFRIEDRICHTHESECOND，orFredericktheGreatofPrussia，andathomeamongthecommonpeople，whomuchlovedandesteemedhim，wasVATERFRITZ，——FatherFred，——anameoffamiliaritywhichhadnotbredcontemptinthatinstance。HeisaKingeveryinchofhim，thoughwithoutthetrappingsofaKing。PresentshimselfinaSpartansimplicityofvesture:nocrownbutanoldmilitarycocked—hat，——generallyold，ortrampledandkneadedintoabsoluteSOFTNESS，ifnew；——nosceptrebutonelikeAgamemnon’s，awalking—
stickcutfromthewoods，whichservesalsoasariding—stick（withwhichhehitsthehorse"betweentheears，"sayauthors）；——
andforroyalrobes，ameresoldier’sbluecoatwithredfacings，coatlikelytobeold，andsuretohaveagooddealofSpanishsnuffonthebreastofit；restoftheappareldim，unobtrusiveincolororout，endinginhighover—kneemilitaryboots，whichmaybebrushed（and，Ihope，keptsoftwithanunderhandsuspicionofoil），butarenotpermittedtobeblackenedorvarnished；DayandMartinwiththeirsoot—potsforbiddentoapproach。
Themanisnotofgodlikephysiognomy，anymorethanofimposingstatureorcostume:close—shutmouthwiththinlips，prominentjawsandnose，recedingbrow，bynomeansofOlympianheight；
head，however，isoflongform，andhassuperlativegrayeyesinit。Notwhatiscalledabeautifulman；noryet，byallappearance，whatiscalledahappy。Onthecontrary，thefacebearsevidenceofmanysorrows，astheyaretermed，ofmuchhardlabordoneinthisworld；andseemstoanticipatenothingbutmorestillcoming。Quietstoicism，capableenoughofwhatjoytherewere，butnotexpectinganyworthmention；greatunconsciousandsomeconsciouspride，welltemperedwithacheerymockeryofhumor，——arewrittenonthatoldface；whichcarriesitschinwellforward，inspiteoftheslightstoopabouttheneck；snuffynoseratherflungintotheair，underitsoldcocked—hat，——likeanoldsnuffyliononthewatch；andsuchapairofeyesasnomanorlionorlynxofthatCenturyboreelsewhere，accordingtoallthetestimonywehave。"Thoseeyes，"saysMirabeau，"which，atthebiddingofhisgreatsoul，fascinatedyouwithseductionorwithterror（portaient，augredesonameheroique，laseductionoulaterreur）。"[Mirabeau，
HistoireSecretedelaCourdeBerlin，Lettre28？？
（24September，1786）p。128（ineditionofParis，1821）]。
Mostexcellentpotentbrillianteyes，swift—dartingasthestars，steadfastasthesun；gray，wesaid，oftheazure—graycolor；
largeenough，notofglaringsize；thehabitualexpressionofthemvigilanceandpenetratingsense，rapidityrestingondepth。
Whichisanexcellentoombination；andgivesusthenotionofalambentouterradiancespringingfromsomegreatinnerseaoflightandfireintheman。Thevoice，ifhespeaktoyou，isofsimilarphysiognomy:clear，melodiousandsonorous；alltonesareinit，fromthatofingenuousinquiry，gracefulsociality，light—
flowingbanter（ratherpricklyformostpart），uptodefinitewordofcommand，uptodesolatingwordofrebukeandreprobation；
avoice"theclearestandmostagreeableinconversationIeverheard，"sayswittyDr。Moore。[Moore，ViewofSocietyandMannersinFrance，SwitzerlandandGermany（London，1779），ii。246。]
"Hespeaksagreatdeal，"continuesthedoctor；"yetthosewhohearhim，regretthathedoesnotspeakagooddealmore。
Hisobservationsarealwayslively，veryoftenjust；andfewmenpossessthetalentofreparteeingreaterperfection。"
Justaboutthreescoreandtenyearsago，[A。D。1856，——17thAugust，1786]hisspeakingsandhisworkingscametofinisinthisWorldofTime；andhevanishedfromalleyesintootherworlds，leavingmuchinquiryabouthiminthemindsofmen；——which，asmyreadersandImayfeeltoowell，isyetbynomeanssatisfied。Astohisspeech，indeed，thoughithadtheworthjustascribedtoitandmore，andthoughmassesofitweredeliberatelyputonpaperbyhimself，inproseandverse，andcontinuetobeprintedandkeptlegible，whathespokehasprettymuchvanishedintotheinane；
andexceptasrecordordocumentofwhathedid，hardlynowconcernsmankind。Butthethingshedidwereextremelyremarkable；
andcannotbeforgottenbymankind。Indeed，theybearsuchfruittothepresenthourasalltheNewspapersareobligedtobetakingnoteof，sometimestoanunpleasantdegree。Editorsvaguelyaccountthismanthe"CreatorofthePrussianMonarchy；"whichhassincegrownsolargeintheworld，andtroublesometotheEditorialmindinthisandothercountries。Hewasindeedthefirstwho，inahighlypublicmanner，notifieditscreation；
announcedtoallmenthatitwas，inverydeed，created；standingonitsfeetthere，andwouldgoagreatway，ontheimpulseithadgotfromhimandothers。Asithasaccordinglydone；
andmaystillkeepdoingtolengthslittledreamtofbytheBritishEditorinourtime；whoseprophesyingsuponPrussia，andinsightsintoPrussia，initspast，orpresentorfuture，aretrulyasyetinconsiderable，inproportiontothenoisehemakeswiththem！Themoreisthepityforhim，——andformyselftoointheEnterprisenowonhand。
ItisofthisFigure，whomweseebythemind’seyeinthosePotsdamregions，visibleforthelasttimeseventyyearsago，thatwearenowtotreat，inthewayofsolacingingenuoushumancuriosity。WearetotryforsomeHistoricalConceptionofthisManandKing；someanswertothequestions，"Whatwashe，then？
Whence，how？Andwhatdidheachieveandsufferintheworld？"——
suchanswerasmayproveadmissibletoingenuousmankind，especiallysuchasmaycorrespondtotheFact（whichstandsthere，abstruseindeed，butactualandunalterable），andsobesureofadmissibilityoneday。
AnEnterprisewhichturnsouttobe，thelongeronelooksatit，themoreofaformidable，nottosayunmanageablenature！
Concerningwhich，ononeortwopoints，itweregood，ifconvenientlypossible，tocometosomepreliminaryunderstandingwiththereader。Here，flyingonlooseleaves，arecertainincidentalutterances，ofvariousdate:these，asthetopicisdifficult，Iwillmerelylabelandinsert，insteadofaformalDiscourse，whichweretooapttoslideintosomethingofaLamentation，orotherwisetakeanunpleasantturn。
1。FRIEDRICHTHEN，ANDFRIEDRICHNOW。
Thiswasamanofinfinitemarktohiscontemporaries；whohadwitnessedsurprisingfeatsfromhimintheworld；veryquestionablenotionsandways，whichhehadcontrivedtomaintainagainsttheworldanditscriticisms。Asanoriginalmanhasalwaystodo；muchmoreanoriginalrulerofmen。Theworld，infact，hadtriedhardtoputhimdown，asitdoes，unconsciouslyor，consciously，withallsuch；andafterthemostconsciousexertions，andatonetimeadead—liftspasmofallitsenergiesforSevenYears，hadnotbeenable。Principalitiesandpowers，Imperial，Royal，Czarish，Papal，enemiesinnumerableastheseasand，hadrisenagainsthim，onlyonehelperleftamongtheworld’sPotentates（andthatoneonlywhilethereshouldbehelprenderedinreturn）；andheledthemallsuchadanceashadastonishedmankindandthem。
Nowondertheythoughthimworthyofnotice。Everyoriginalmanofanymagnitudeis；——nay，inthelong—run，whoorwhatelseis？
Buthowmuchmoreifyouroriginalmanwasakingovermen；
whosemovementswerepolar，andcarriedfromdaytodaythoseoftheworldalongwiththem。TheSamsonAgonistes，——werehislifepassedlikethatofSamuelJohnsonindirtygarrets，andtheproduceofitonlysomebitsofwrittenpaper，——theAgonistes，andhowhewillcomporthimselfinthePhilistinemill；thisisalwaysaspectacleoftrulyepicandtragicnature。Therather，ifyourSamson，royalorother，isnotyetblindedorsubduedtothewheel；muchmoreifhevanquishhisenemies，notbysuicidalmethods，butmarchoutatlastflourishinghismiraculousfightingimplement，andleavingtheirmillandtheminquiteruinouscircumstances。AsthisKingFriedrichfairlymanagedtodo。
Forhelefttheworldallbankrupt，wemaysay；fallenintobottomlessabyssesofdestruction；hestillinapayingcondition，andwithfootingcapabletocarryhisaffairsandhim。Whenhedied，in1786，theenormousPhenomenonsincecalledFRENCH
REVOLUTIONwasalreadygrowlingaudiblyinthedepthsoftheworld；meteoric—electriccoruscationsheraldingit，allroundthehorizon。Strangeenoughtonote，oneofFriedrich’slastvisitorswasGabrielHonoreRiquetti，ComtedeMirabeau。Thesetwosawoneanother；twice，forhalfanhoureachtime。ThelastoftheoldGodsandthefirstofthemodernTitans；——beforePelionleaptonOssa；andthefoulEarthtakingfireatlast，itsvilemephiticelementswentupinvolcanicthunder。ThisalsoisoneofthepeculiaritiesofFriedrich，thatheishithertothelastoftheKings；thatheushersintheFrenchRevolution，andclosesanEpochofWorld—History。FinishingoffforeverthetradeofKing，thinkmany；whohavegrownprofoundlydarkastoKingshipandhim。
TheFrenchRevolutionmaybesaidtohave，forabouthalfacentury，quitesubmergedFriedrich，abolishedhimfromthememoriesofmen；andnowoncomingtolightagain，heisfounddefacedunderstrangemud—incrustations，andtheeyesofmankindlookathimfromasingularlychanged，whatwemustcallobliqueandperversepointofvision。ThisisoneofthedifficultiesindealingwithhisHistory；——especiallyifyouhappentobelievebothintheFrenchRevolutionandinhim；thatistosay，boththatRealKingshipiseternallyindispensable，andalsothatthedestructionofShamKingship（afrightfulprocess）isoccasionallyso。Onthebreaking—outofthatformidableExplosion，andSuicideofhisCentury，Friedrichsankintocomparativeobscurity；
eclipsedamidtheruinsofthatuniversalearthquake，theverydustofwhichdarkenedalltheair，andmadeofdayadisastrousmidnight。Blackmidnight，brokenonlybytheblazeofconflagrations；——wherein，toourterrifiedimaginations，wereseen，notmen，Frenchandother，butghastlyportents，stalkingwrathful，andshapesofavenginggods。ItmustbeownedthefigureofNapoleonwastitanic；especiallytothegenerationthatlookedonhim，andthatwaitedshudderingtobedevouredbyhim。Ingeneral，inthatFrenchRevolution，allwasonahugescale；ifnotgreaterthananythinginhumanexperience，atleastmoregrandiose。Allwasrecordedinbulletins，too，addressedtotheshilling—gallery；andtherewerefellowsonthestagewithsuchabreadthofsabre，extentofwhiskerage，strengthofwindpipe，andcommandofmenandgunpowder，ashadneverbeenseenbefore。Howtheybellowed，stalkedandflourishedabout；
counterfeitingJove’sthundertoanamazingdegree！TerrificDrawcansirfigures，ofenormouswhiskerage，unlimitedcommandofgunpowder；notwithoutsufficientferocity，andevenacertainheroism，stage—heroism，inthem；comparedwithwhom，totheshilling—gallery，andfrightenedexcitedtheatreatlarge，itseemedasiftherehsdbeennogenerals。orsovereignsbefore；
asifFriedrich，Gustavus，Cromwell，WilliamConquerorandAlexandertheGreatwerenotworthspeakingofhenceforth。
Allthis，however，inhalfacenturyisconsiderablyaltered。
TheDrawcansirequipmentsgettinggraduallytornoff，thenaturalsizeisseenbetter；translatedfromthebulletinstyleintothatoffactandhistory，miracles，eventotheshilling—
gallery，arenotsomiraculous。ItbeginstobeapparentthattherelivedgreatmenbeforetheeraofbulletinsandAgamemnon。
AusterlitzandWagramshotawaymoregunpowder，——gunpowderprobablyintheproportionoftentoone，orahundredtoone；
butneitherofthemwastenth—partsuchabeatingtoyourenemyasthatofRossbach，broughtaboutbystrategicart，humaningenuityandintrepidity，andthelossof165men。Leuthen，too，thebattleofLeuthen（thoughsofewEnglishreaderseverheardofit）mayverywellholdupitsheadbesideanyvictorygainedbyNapoleonoranother。Fortheoddswerenotfarfromthreetoone；thesoldierswereofnotfarfromequalquality；andonlytheGeneralwasconsummatelysuperior，andthedefeatadestruction。
Napoleondidindeed，byimmenseexpenditureofmen，andgunpowder，overrunEuropeforatime:butNapoleonnever，byhusbandingandwiselyexpendinghismenandgunpowder，defendedalittlePrussiaagainstallEurope，yearafteryearforsevenyearslong，tillEuropehadenough，andgaveuptheenterpriseasoneitcouldnotmanage。SosoonastheDrawcansirequipmentsarewelltornoff，andtheshilling—gallerygottosilence，itwillbefoundthatthereweregreatkingsbeforeNapoleon，——andlikewiseanArtofWar，groundedonveracityandhumancourageandinsight，notuponDrawcansirrodomontade，grandioseDick—Turpinism，revolutionarymadness，andunlimitedexpenditureofmenandgunpowder。"Youmaypaintwithaverybigbrush，andyetnotbeagreatpainter，"
saysasatiricalfriendofmine！Thisisbecomingmoreandmoreapparent，asthedust—whirlwind，andhugeuproarofthelastgeneration，graduallydiesawayagain。
2。EIGHTEENTHCENTURY。
OneofthegranddifficultiesinaHistoryofFriedrichis，allalong，thissame，ThathelivedinaCenturywhichhasnoHistoryandcanhavelittleornone。ACenturysoopulentinaccumulatedfalsities，——sadopulencedescendingonitbyinheritance，alwaysatcompoundinterest，andalwayslargelyincreasedbyfreshacquirementonsuchimmensityofstandingcapital；——opulentinthatbadwayasneverCenturybeforewas！Whichhadnolongertheconsciousnessofbeingfalse，sofalsehaditgrown；andwassosteepedinfalsity，andimpregnatedwithittotheverybone，that——infactthemeasureofthethingwasfull，andaFrenchRevolutionhadtoendit。Tomaintainmuchveracityinsuohanelement，especiallyforaking，wasnodoubtdoublyremarkable。
Butnow，howextricatethemanfromhisCentury？Howshowtheman，whoisaRealityworthyofbeingseen，andyetkeephisCentury，asaHypocrisyworthyofbeinghiddenandforgotten，inthedueabeyance？
ToresuscitatetheEighteenthCentury，orcallintomen’sview，beyondwhatisnecessary，thepoorandsordidpersonagesandtransactionsofanepochsorelatedtous，canbenopurposeofmineonthisoccasion。TheEighteenthCentury，itiswellknown，doesnotfiguretomeasalovelyone；needingtobekeptinmind，orspokenofunnecessarily。TometheEighteenthCenturyhasnothinggrandinit，exceptthatgranduniversalSuicide，namedFrenchRevolution，bywhichitterminateditsotherwisemostworthlessexistencewithatleastoneworthyact；——settingfiretoitsoldhomeandself；andgoingupinflamesandvolcanicexplosions，inatrulymemorableandimportantmanner。Averyfittermination，asIthankfullyfeel，forsuchaCentury。
Centuryspendthrift，fraudulent—bankrupt；goneatlengthutterlyinsolvent，withoutrealMONEYofperformanceinitspocket，andtheshopsdecliningtotakehypocrisiesandspeciositiesanyfarther:——whatcouldthepoorCenturydo，butatlengthadmit，"Well，itisso。Iamaswindler—century，andhavelongbeen，——
havinglearnedthetrickofitfrommyfatherandgrandfather；
knowinghardlyanytradebutthatinfalsebills，whichI
thoughtfoolishlymightlastforever，andstillbringatleastbeefandpuddingtothefavoredofmankind。Andbeholditends；
andIamadetectedswindler，andhavenothingeventoeat。
WhatremainsbutthatIblowmybrainsout，anddoatlengthonetrueaction？"WhichthepoorCenturydid；manythankstoit，inthecircumstances。
FortherewasneedoncemoreofaDivineRevelationtothetorpidfrivolouschildrenofmen，iftheywerenottosinkaltogetherintotheapecondition。AndinthatwhirlwindoftheUniverse，——
lightsobliterated，andthetornwrecksofEarthandHellhurledaloftintotheEmpyrean；blackwhirlwind，whichmadeevenapesserious，anddrovemostofthemmad，——therewas，tomen，avoiceaudible；voicefromtheheartofthingsoncemore，asiftosay:
"LyingisnotpermittedinthisUniverse。Thewagesoflying，youbehold，aredeath。LyingmeansdamnationinthisUniverse；
andBeelzebub，neversoelaboratelydeckedincrownsandmitres，isNOTGod！"ThiswasarevelationtrulytobenamedoftheEternal，inourpoorEighteenthCentury；andhasgreatlyalteredthecomplexionofsaidCenturytotheHistorianeversince。
Whereby，inshort，thatCenturyisquiteconfiscate，fallenbankrupt，givenuptotheauctioneers；——Jew—brokerssortingoutofitatthismoment，inaconfuseddistressingmanner，whatisstillvaluableorsalable。And，infact，itliesmassedupinourmindsasadisastrouswreckedinanity，notusefultodwellupon；akindofduskychaoticbackground，onwhichthefiguresthathadsomeveracityinthem——asmallcompany，andevergrowingsmallerasourdemandsriseinstrictness——aredelineatedforus。——"AndyetitistheCenturyofourownGrandfathers？"criesthereader。
Yes，reader！truly。Itisthegroundoutofwhichweourselveshavesprung；whereonnowwehaveourimmediatefooting，andfirstofallstrikedownourrootsfornourishment；——and，alas，inlargesectionsofthepracticalworld，it（whatwespeciallymeanbyIT）
stillcontinuesflourishingallroundus！Toforgetitquiteisnotyetpossible，norwouldbeprofitable。Whattodowithit，anditsforgottenfooleriesand"Histories，"worthyonlyofforgetting？——Well；somuchofitasbynatureADHERES；whatofitcannotbedisengagedfromourHeroandhisoperations:
approximatelysomuch，andnomore！Letthatbeourbargaininregardtoit。
3。ENGLISHPREPOSSESSIONS。
Withsuchwagon—loadsofBooksandPrintedRecordsasexistonthesubjectofFriedrich，ithasalwaysseemedpossible，evenforastranger，toacquiresomerealunderstandingofhim；——
thoughpractically，hereandnow，Ihavetoown，itprovesdifficultbeyondconception。Alas，theBooksarenotcosmic，theyarechaotic；andturnoutunexpectedlyvoidofinstructiontous。Smalluseinatalentofwriting，iftherebenotfirstofallthetalentofdiscerning，ofloyallyrecognizing；
ofdiscriminatingwhatistobewritten！BooksbornmostlyofChaos——whichwantallthings，evenanINDEX——areapainfulobject。
Insorrowanddisgust，youwanderoverthosemultitudinousBooks:
youdwellinendlessregionsofthesuperficial，ofthenugatory:
toyourbewilderedsenseitisasifnoinsightintotherealheartofFriedrichandhisaffairswereanywheretobehad。
Truthis，thePrussianDryasdust，otherwiseanhonestfellow，andnotafraidoflabor，excelsallotherDryasdustsyetknown；
IhaveoftensorrowfullyfeltasiftherewerenotinNature，fordarkness，dreariness，immethodicplatitude，anythingcomparabletohim。HewritesbigBookswantinginalmosteveryquality；anddoesnotevengiveanINDEXtothem。HehasmadeofFriedrich’sHistoryawide—spread，inorganic，tracklessmatter；
dismaltoyourmind，andbarrenasacontinentofBrandenburgsand！——Enough，hecoulddonoother:Ihavestriventoforgivehim。Letthereadernowforgiveme；andthinksometimeswhatprobablymyraw—materialwas！——
Curiousenough，FriedrichlivedintheWritingEra，——morningofthatstrangeErawhichhasgrowntosuchanoonforus；——andhisfavoritesociety，allhisreign，waswiththeliteraryorwritingsort。Norhavetheyfailedtowriteabouthim，theyamongtheothers，abouthimandabouthim；anditisnotablehowlittlereallight，onanypointofhisexistenceorenvironment，theyhavemanagedtocommunicate。Dimindeed，formostpartamereepigrammaticsputterofdarknessvisible，isthe"picture"theyhavefashionedtothemselvesofFriedrichandhisCountryandhisCentury。Mennot"ofgenius，"apparently？Alas，no；menfatallydestituteoftrueeyesight，andofloyalheartfirstofall。
SofarasIhavenoticed，therewasnot，withthesingleexceptionofMirabeauforonehour，anymantobecalledofgenius，orwithanadequatepowerofhumandiscernment，thateverpersonallylookedonFriedrich。HadmanysuchmenlookedsuccessivelyonhisHistoryandhim，wehadnotfounditnowinsuchacondition。
StillaltogetherchaoticasaHistory；fatallydestituteevenoftheIndexesandmechanicalappliances:Friedrich’sself，andhisCountry，andhisCentury，stillundeciphered；verydarkphenomena，allthree，totheintelligentpartofmankind。
InPrussiatherehaslongbeenacertainstubbornthoughplanlessdiligenceindiggingfortheoutwarddetailsofFriedrich’sLife—
History；thoughastoorganizingthem，assortingthem，orevenputtinglabelsonthem；muchmoreastotheleastinterpretationorhumandelineationofthemanandhisaffairs，——youneednotinquireinPrussia。InFrance，inEngland，itisstillworse。
ThereanimmenseignoranceprevailsevenastotheoutwardfactsandphenomenaofFriedrich’slife；andinsteadofthePrussianno—interpretation，youfind，inthesevacantcircumstances，agreatpromptitudetointerpret。Wherebyjudgmentsandprepossessionsexistamongusonthatsubject，especiallyonFriedrich’scharacter，whichareveryignorantindeed。
ToEnglishmen，thesourcesofknowledgeorconvictionaboutFriedrich，Ihaveobserved，aremainlythesetwo。FIRST，forhisPublicCharacter:itwasanall—importantfact，nottoIT，buttothiscountryinregardtoit，ThatGeorgeII。，seeinggoodtoplungehead—foremostintoGermanPolitics，andtotakeMariaTheresa’ssideintheAustrian—SuccessionWarof1740—1748，neededtobeginbyassuringhisParliamentandNewspapers，profoundlydarkonthematter，thatFriedrichwasarobberandvillainfortakingtheotherside。Whichassurance，restingonwhatbasisweshallseebyandby，George’sParliamentandNewspaperscheerfullyaccepted；nothingdoubting。Andtheyhavere—echoedandreverberatedit，theyandtherestofus，eversince，toalllengths，downtothepresentday；asafactquiteagreedupon，andthepreliminaryiteminFriedrich’scharacter。
Robberandvillaintobeginwith；thatwasonesettledpoint。
AfterwardswhenGeorgeandFriedrichcametobeallies，andthegrandfightingsoftheSeven—YearsWartookplace，George’sParliamentandNewspaperssettledasecondpoint，inregardtoFriedrich:"Oneofthegreatestsoldierseverborn。"ThisseconditemtheBritishWriterfullyadmitseversince:buthestilladdstoitthequalityofrobber，inalooseway；——andimagestohimselfaroyalDickTurpin，ofthekindknowninReview—Articles，anddisquisitionsonProgressoftheSpecies，andlabelsitFREDERICK；veryanxioustocollectnewbabblementoflyingAnecdotes，falseCriticisms，hungryFrenchMemoirs，whichwillconfirmhiminthatimpossibleidea。Hadsuchproved，onsurvey，tobethecharacterofFriedrich，thereisoneBritishWriterwhosecuriosityconcerninghimwouldprettysoonhavediedaway；
norcouldanyamountofunwisedesiretosatisfythatfeelinginfellow—creatureslessseriouslydisposedhavesustainedhimalive，inthosebalefulHistoricAcheronsandStygianFens，wherehehashadtodigandtofishsolong，farawayfromtheupperlight！——
Letmerequestallreaderstoblowthatsorrychaffentirelyoutoftheirminds；andtobelievenothingonthesubjectexceptwhattheygetsomeevidencefor。
SECONDEnglishsourcerelatestothePrivateCharacter。
Friedrich’sBiographyorPrivateCharacter，theEnglish，liketheFrench，havegatheredchieflyfromascandalouslibelbyVoltaire，whichusedtobecalled