"Lacy，who，afterhoveringaboutinthesevicinitiesforfourdays，hadnowactuallycomeup，sosoonasEugenandHulsenwithdrew，——
wasdeeplydisgustedattheTermsofCapitulation；angrytofindthatTottlebenhadconcludedwithouthim；and，infact，flewintoopenrageatthearrangementsTottlebenhadmadeforhimselfandforothers。’Noadmittance，exceptonorderfromhisExcellency！’
saidtheRussianSentrytoLacy’sAustrians:uponwhich，LacyforcedtheGate，andviolentlymarchedin。Tooklodging，tohisownmind，intheFriedrichstadtquarter；andwasfearfullytruculentuponpersonandproperty，duringhisshortstay。Ascandaltobeseen，howhisCroatsandloosehordeswentopenlyraveningabout，bentonmerehousebreaking，street—robberyandinsolentviolence。
SothatTottlebenhadfairlytofireuponthevagabondsonceortwice；andforceontheunwillingLacysomecoercionofthemwithinlimits。Forthethreedaysofhiscontinuance，——itwasbutthreedaysinall，——LacywasastheevilgeniusofBerlin；TottlebenandhisRussiansthegood。Theirdisciplinewassoexcellent；
allCossacksandlooserabblestrictlykeptoutbeyondtheWalls。
ToBachmann，RussianCommandant，theBerliners，onhisdeparture，hadgratefullygotreadyamoney—giftofhandsomeamount:’Bynomeans，’answeredBachmann:’yourtreatmentwasaccordingtothemildnessofourSovereignCzarina。Formyself，ifIhaveservedyouinanything，thefactthatforthreedaysIhavebeenCommandantoftheGreatFriedrich’sCapitalismorethanarewardtome。’
"TottlebenandLacy，duringthosethreedaysofRussianandAustrianjointdominion，hadastormytimeofittogether。
’DestroytheLAGER—HAUS，’saidLacy:Lager—Haus，wheretheymanufacturetheirsoldiers’uniforms；itistheparentofallcloth—manufacturinginPrussia；setupbyFriedrichWilhelm，——notonfree—tradeprinciples。’TheLager—Haus，sayyou？Idoubt，itisnowprivateproperty；screenedbyourCapitulation；’——whichitprovestobe。’YoushallblowuptheArsenal！’saidLacy，withvehemenceandtruculence。Anobleedifice，astravellersyetknow:
fancyitsfragmentsflyingaboutamongthepopulousstreets，plungingthroughtheroofsofPalaces，andgreathousesallround。
Lacywasinexorable；TottlebenhadtosendaRussianParty（onewishestheyhadbeenCroats）onthissaderrand。TheyproceededtothePowder—Magazineforexplosivematerial，aspreliminary；
theywererashinhandlingthegunpowderthere，whichblewupintheirhands；sentitselfandallofthemintotheair；andsavedthepoorArsenal:’Notpowderenoughnowleftforourownartilleryuses，’urgedTottleben。
"SaxonandAustrianPartieswereinthePalacesabout，——atPotsdam，atCharlottenburg，Schonhausen（theQueen’s），atFriedrichsfeld（theMargrafKarl’s），someofwhombehavedwell，somehorriblyill。
InCharlottenburg，certainSaxonBruhl—Dragoons，whobytheirconductmighthavebeenDragoonsofAttila，smashedthefurnitures，thedoors，cuttingthePictures，muchmaltreatingthepoorpeople；
and，whatwasreckonedstillmoretragical，oversetthepoorPolignacCollectionofAntiquesandClassicalities；notonlyknockingoffnosesandarms，butbeatingthemsmall，lestreparationbycementshouldbepossible。TheirOfficers，Pirnapeople，lookingquietlyon。Ascandalousproceeding，thoughteverybody，friendorfoe，——especiallythoughtFriedrich；
whoseindignationatthisruinofCharlottenburgcameoutinwayofreprisalbyandby。AtPotsdam，ontheotherhand，PrinceEsterhazy，withperhapsHungariansamonghispeople，behavedlikeaveryPrince；receivedfromtheCastellananAttestationthathehadscrupulouslyrespectedeverything；andtook，assouvenir，onlyonePictureoflittlevalue；PrincedeLigne，whowasunderhim，carryingoff，stillmoredaintily，onegoose—quill，immortalbyhavingbeenapenoftheGreatFriedrich’s。
"Tottleben，withnofeelingotherthanOfficialtemperedbyHuman，wasingreatcontrastwithLacy，andverybeneficenttoBerlinduringthethreedaysitlayundertheTRIBULA，orharrowofWar。
ButtheTutelaryAngelofBerlin，thenandafterwardsforweeksandmonths，tillallscoresgotsettled，wastheGotzkowskymentionedabove。"WhomweshallseeagainhelpfulatLeipzig；
amanworthmarkinginthesetumults。"IfTottlebenwasthetemporalArmedKing，thisGotzkowskywastheSpiritualKing，PAPA
orUniversalFather，armedonlywithcharities，pieties，prayers，evershininglyattendedbyself—sacrificesonGotzkowsky’spart；
whichavertedwoesinnumerable（Lager—Hausonlyoneofalonglist）；andwhich’surpassedallbelief，’writetheBerlinMagistracy，asifintearsoversuchheroism。TrulyaPrinceofMerchants，thisGotzkowsky，notforhisvastenterprises，andthemere1，500workmenheemploys，butforthestillgreaterheartthatdwellsinhim。HadbegunasatravellingPedler；usedtocallatReinsberg，withfemalehaberdasheriesexquisitelychosen（’GALLANTERIEwares’theGermanscallthem），forthethenPrincessRoyal；notunnoticedbyFriedrich，whorecognizedthebroadsense，solidityandgreatthoughtsoftheman。OfallwhichFriedrichhasknownfarmoresincethen，invariousbranchesofPrussiancommerceimprovedbyGotzkowsky’smanagements。AtrulynotableGotzkowsky；
becamebankruptatlast，oneissorrytohear；anddiedinafflictionandneglect，——shortofthehumblestwagesforsomuchgoodworkdoneintheworld！[Preuss，ii。257，&c。&c。；
GESCHICHTEEINESPATRIOTISCHENKAUFMANNS（Berlin，1769，byGotzkowskyhimself）。]
"Gotzkowsky’sHousewaslikeageneralstoreroomforeverybody’spreciosities；histime，means，selfweretherefugeofalltheneedy。InZorndorftime，whenthisCzernichef[ifreaderscanremember]，whoisnowsosupreme，——Czernichef，Soltikofandothers，——hadnothingforitbuttolodgeinthecellarsofburntCustrin，Gotzkowsky，withreadymoney，withadvice，withassuagement，hadbeentheirDEUSEXMACHINA:andnowCzernichefremembersit；andGotzkowsky，asPapa，hastogowithcontinualprayers，negotiations，counsellings，expedients，andbetherefugeofallunjustlysufferingmenBerlinhasimmensitiesoftradeinwar—furnitures:thecapitalscirculatingareastonishingtoArchenholtz；milliononthebackofmillion；nosuchcityinGermanyfortrade。ThedesireoftheThree—daysLacyGovernmentistowardsanyLager—Haus；anymassofwealth，whichcanbeconstruedasRoyalorconnectedwithRoyalty。EphraimandItzig，mint—
mastersofthatcopper—coinage；rollinginfoulwealthbytheruinoftheirneighbors；oughtnotthesetobleed？Well，yes，——ifanybody；andcopiouslyifyoulike！Ishouldhavesaidso:butthegenerousGotzkowskysaidinhisheart，’No；’andagainpleadedandprevailed。EphraimandItzig，foulswollencreatures，werenotbroachedatall；andtheirgratitudewas，That，atafutureday，Gotzkowsky’sdayofbankruptcy，theywerehardestofanyonGotzkowsky。
"ArchenholtzandtheBooksareenthusiasticallycopiousuponGotzkowskyandhisprocedures；butwemustbesilent。ThisAnecdoteonly，inregardtoFreedomofthePress，——totheso—called’airwebreathe，nothavingwhichwedie！’WouldmodernFriendsofProgressbelieveit？Because，informerstagesofthisWar，theBerlinNewspapershavehadoffensiveexpressions（scarcelynoticeabletothemicroscopeinourday，andbelowcalculationforsmallness）
upontheRussianandAustrianSovereignsorPeoples，——theAbleEditors（thereareonlyTwo）shallnowinperson，hereinthemarket—placeofBerlin，actuallyrunthegantletforit，——’runtherods（GASSEN—LAUFEN’），asthefashionnowis；whichisworsethanGANTLET，nottospeakoftheignominy。ThatisthebarbaricRussiannotion:’whoareyou，ill—formedinsolentpersons，thatgivealoosetoyourtongueinthatmanner？Striptothewaistband，swift！
Hereisthetruecareeropenedforyou:oneachhand，onehundredsharprodsrankedwaitingyou；runyourcoursesthere，——nohurrymorethanyoulike！’Thealternativeofdeath，Isuppose，wasopentotheseEditors；Romandeathatleast，andmartyrdomforanewFaith（FaithintheLooseTongue），verysacredtotheDemocraticAgesnowathand。Butnobodyseemstohavethoughtofit；
EditorsandPublictookthethingasa’sorrowincidenttothisdangerousProfessionoftheTongueLoose（orlooserthanusual）；
whichnobodyyetknewtobedivine。TheEditorsmadepassionateenoughlamentation，inthestriptstate；oneofthen，withloudweeping，pulledoffhiswig，showedice—grayhair；’Iaminmy68thyear！’Butitseemsnothingwouldhavesteadedthem，hadnotGotzkowskybeenbusyinterceding。Byvirtueofwhomtherewaspardonprivatelyinreadiness:totheice—grayEditorcompletepardon；tothejuniorquasi—complete；onlyafewswitchestoasserttheprinciple，anddismissalwithadmonition。"[Helden—
Geschichte，vi。103—148；Rodenbeck，ii。41—54；Archenholtz，ii。
130—147；Preuss，UBISUPRA:&c。&c。]
Thepleasantpartofthefactis，thatGotzkowsky’spowerfulintercessionswerethenceforthnofartherneeded。Thesameday，Saturday，October11th，afewhoursafterthisoftheGASSEN—
LAUFEN，newsarrivedfullgallop:"TheKingiscoming！"Afterwhichitwasbeautifultoseehowallthingsgottothegallop；andinano—timeBerlinwasitselfagain。Thatsameevening，Saturday，Lacytooktheroad，withextraordinaryvelocity，towardsTorgauCountry，wheretheReichsfolk，inHulsen’sabsence，aresupreme；and，thesecondeveningafter，wasgot60milesthitherward。HisjointdominionhadbeenofTwodays。OnthemorningofSunday，12th，wentTottleben，whohadbusinesses，settlementsofransomandthelike，beforemarching。Tottleben，too，madeuncommondespatch；
marched，asdidalltheseinvasiveRussians，attherateofthirtymilesaday；theirMainArmylikewisemovingofffromFrankfurttoasaferdistance。Friedrichwasstillfivemarchesoff；butthereseemednotamomenttolose。
TheRussianspoilingsduringtheretreatweremorehorriblethanever:"Thegallowsgapingforus；andonlythisoneopportunity，ifeventhis！"thoughttheagitatedCossacktohimself。OurpoorfriendNisslerhadasadtaletotellofthem；[InBusching，Beitrage，i。400，401，accountoftheirsackingofNussler’spleasanthomeandestate，"Weissensee，nearBerlin。"]aswhohadnot？Terrorandmurder，incendiaryfireandotherworseunnamableabominationsofthePit。OneoldHalf—paygentleman，whomIsomewhatrespect，desperatelybarricadedhimself，amidhisdomesticsandtenantries，WifeandDaughtersassisting:
"HumanRussianOfficerscanenterhere；Cossacksno，butshallkillusfirst。NotaCossacktillallofusarelyingdead！"
[Archenholtz，ii。150。]Andkepthisword；thehumanRussiansowningittobeproper。
InGubenCountry，"atGross—Muckro，October15th，"thedayafterpassingGuben，Friedrichfirstheardforcertain，ThattheRussianshadbeeninBerlin，andalsothattheyweregone，andthatallwasover。Hemadetwomarchesfarther，——notnowdirectforBerlin，butdirectforSaxonyANDit；——toLubben，50or60milesstraightsouthofBerlin；andhaltedtheresomedays，toadjusthimselfforanewsequel。"Thesearethethings，"exclaimshe，sorrowfully，toD’Argens，"whichIhavebeenindreadofsinceWinterlast；thisiswhatgavethedismaltonetomyLetterstoyou。Ithasrequirednotlessthanallmyphilosophytoendurethereverses，theprovocations，theoutrages，andthewholesceneofatrociousthingsthathavecometopass。"[OEuvresdeFrederic，xix。199；"22dOctober。"]Friedrich’sgriefaboutBerlinweneednotpaint；thoughthereweremurmursafterwards，"Whydidnothestartsooner？"whichhecouldnot，instrictreason，thoughawarethatthesesavagerieswereonmarch。HehadhopedtheEugen—
Hulsenappliances，evenshouldallelsefail，mightkeepthematbay。Andindeed，inregardtotheselatter，itturnedonlyonahair。Montalembertcalculating，vows，onhisoath，"Canassureyou，M。l’Ambassadeur，PUISBIENVOUSASSURERCOMMESIJ，ETAISDEVANT
DIEU，asifIstoodbeforeGod，"[Montalembert，ii。108。]that，fromfirsttolast，itwasmydoing；thatbutforme，attheverylast，theRussians，onsightofHulsenandEugen，andnoLacycome，wouldhavemarchedaway！
Friedrich’sorderingsandadjustings，datedLubben，wherehisArmyrestedafterthisnewsfromBerlin，weremanifold；andagooddealstillofwrecksfromtheBerlinBusinessfelltohisshare。
Forinstance，onethinghehadatonceordered:"YourBillofaMillion—and—halftotheRussians，don’tpayit，oranypartofit！
WhenBambergwasransomed，Springgoneayear，——ReichandKaiser，didtheyrespectourBillwehadonBamberg？Didnottheycancelit，andflatlyrefuse？"Friedrichispositiveonthepoint，"Reprisalourclearremedy！"ButBerlinitselfwasinalarm，forperhapsanotherRussianvisit；BerlinandGotzkowskywerehumblypositivetheotherway。UponwhichavisitofGotskowskytotheRoyalCamp:"Merchants’Billsareasacredthing，yourMajesty！"
urgedGotzkowsky。Who，inhiszealforthematter，undertookdangerousvisitstotheRussianQuarters，andagreatdealoftrouble，perilandexpense，duringtheweeksfollowing。
MagnanimousGotzkowsky，"inmerebribestotheRussianOfficials，spentabout6，000poundsofhisown，"foroneitem。ButhehadatlengthconvincedhisMajestythatMerchants’Billswereasacredthing，inspiteofBamberganddesecrativeindividualities；
andthatthisMillion—and—halfmustbepaid。FriedrichwasstruckwithGotzkowskyandhisviewofthefacts。Friedrich，fromhisowndistressedfunds，handedtoGotzkowskythenecessaryMillion—and—
half，commandingonlyprofoundsilenceaboutit；andtoGotzkowskyhimselfapresentof150，000thalers（20，000poundsodd）；
[Archenholtz，ii。146。]andsothematterdidatlastend。
IthadbeenacostlybusinesstoBerlin，andtotheKing，andtothepoorharriedCountry。ToBerlin，bombardmentoftenhours；
alarmofdiscursivesiege—workintheenvironsforfivedays；
foreignyokeforthreedays；lostmoneytotheamountsabovestated；whatlossinwoundstobodyortopeaceofmind，orwhetheranylossthatway，nobodyhascounted。TheBerlinpeoplerosetoamorethanRomanheightoftemper，testifiesD’Argens；[
OEuvresdeFrederic，xix。195—199:"D’ArgenstotheKing:Berlin，19thOctober，1760，"——aninterestingLetterofdetails。]sothatperhapsitwasagain。TheKing’sMagazinesandWar—furnituresaboutBerlinarewastedutterly，——Arsenalitselfnotblownup，wewellknowwhy；——andmuchHunnishruininCharlottenburg，withdamagetoAntiques，——forwhichlatterclausethereshall，inafewmonths，bereprisal:ifitpleasethePowers！
OfallthisMontalembertdeclares，"BeforeGod，thathe，Montalembert，isandwasthemainspring。"Andindeed，Tempelhof，withoutcensureofMontalembertandhisvocation，butaccuratelycomputingtimeandcircumstance，comestothesameconclusion；——asthus:"OCTOBER8th，seeingnoLacycome，Czernichef，haditnotbeenforMontalembert’seloquence，hadfixedforreturningtoCopenik:whomcautiousLacywouldhavebeenobligedtoimitate。
SupposeCzernichefhad，OCTOBER9th，gottoCopenik，——EugenandHulsenremainatBerlin；Czernichefcouldnothavegotbackthitherbeforethe11th；onthe11thwasnewsofFriedrich’scoming；whichsetallongalloptotherightabout。"[Tempelhof，iv。277。]
Sothatreally，beforeGod，itseemsMontalembertmusthavethemeritofthisfineachievement:——theonefruit，sofarasIcandiscover，ofhisreallyexcellentreasonings，eloquences，patiences，sownbroadcast，fourorfivelongyears，onsuchafieldasfinehumantalentneverhadbefore。Ideclaretoyou，M。l’Ambassadeur，thisexcellentvulture—swooponBerlin，andburningorreburningofthePeasantryoftheMark，isduesolelytoonepoorzealousgentleman！——
WhatwasnexttofollowoutofTHIS，——inTorgauneighborhood，whereDaunnowstandsexpectant，——poorM。deMontalembertwasfarfromanticipating；andwillbeinnohastetoclaimthemeritofbeforeGodorman。
ChapterV。
BATTLEOFTORGAU。
AfterHulsen’sfineexplosionontheDurrenberg，August20th，ontheincompetentReichsGenerals，therehadfollowednothingeminent；newfutilities，attemptingsanddesistings，advancingsandrecoilings，onthepartoftheReich；Hulsensolidlymaintaininghimself，indefenceofhisTorgauMagazineandSaxoninterestsinthoseregions，againstsuchoverwhelmingodds，tillreliefandreinforcementforthemandhimshouldarrive；andgainingtime，whichwasallhecouldaimatinsuchcircumstances。HadtheTorgauMagazinebeenbigger，perhapsHulsenmighthavesattheretotheend。ButhavingsolidlyeatenoutsaidMagazine，whatcouldHulsendobutagainmoverearward？[HogberichtvondemRuckzugdesGeneral—LieutenantsvonHulsenausdemLagerbeyTorgau（inSeyfarth，Beylagen，ii。
755—784）。]Aboveall，onthealarmfromBerlin，whichcalledhimoffdouble—quick，thingshadtogotheiroldroadinthatquarter。
WeakTorgauwastaken，weakWittenbergbesieged。Leipzig，Torgau，Wittenberg，allthatCountry，bythetimetheRussiansleftBerlin，wasagaintheReich’s。EugenandHulsen，hasteningforreliefofWittenberg，theinstantBerlinwasfree，foundWittenbergaheapofruins，outofwhichthePrussiangarrison，veryhungerurging，hadissuedthedaybefore，asprisonersofwar。NothingmoretobedonebyEugen，buttakepost，withinreachofMagdeburgandvictual，andwaitnewOrderfromtheKing。
TheKingisveryunquestionablycomingon；leavesLubbenthitherwardOctober20th。[Rodenbeck，ii。35:inAnonymousofHamburg（iv。241—245）Friedrich’sTwoMarches，towardsandfromBerlin（7th—17thOctober，toLubben；thence，20thOctober—3dNovember，toTorgau）。]Withfullfixityofpurposeasusual；butwithasgloomyanoutlookaseverbefore。Daun，wesaid，isnowarrivedinthoseparts:DaunandtheReichtogetherarenear100，000；Daunsome60，000，——Loudonhavingstayedbehind，andgonesouthward，forastrokeonKosel（ifGoltzwillpermit，whichhewon’tatall！），——andtheReich35，000。Saxonyisalltheirs；
cannottheymaintainSaxony？NotaTownoraMagazinenowbelongstoFriedrichthere，andheisinnumberas1to2。
"MaintainSaxony；indisputablyyoucan！"thatistheexpressViennaOrder，asFriedrichhappenstoknow。TheRussiansthemselveshavetakenCampagain，andwaitvisibly，aboutLandsbergandtheWartaCountry，tilltheyseeDauncertainofexecutingsaidOrder；
uponwhichtheyintend，theyalso，towinterinthoseElbe—Prussianparts，andconjointlytocrushFriedrichintogreatconfinementindeed。FriedrichisawareofthisViennaOrder；whichisakindofcomfortinthecircumstances。TheintentionsofthehungryRussians，too，arelegibletoFriedrich；andheismuchresolvedthatsaidOrdershallbeimpossibletoDaun。"Wereittobepossible，wearelandless。Whereareourrecruits，ourmagazines，ourresourcesforanewCampaign？Wemayaswelldie，assufferthattobepossible！"SuchisFriedrich’sfixedview。HesaystoD’Argens:——
"You，asafollowerofEpicurus，putavalueonlife；asforme，I
regarddeathfromtheStoicpointofview。NevershallIseethemomentthatforcesmetomakeadisadvantageousPeace；
nopersuasion，noeloquence，shalleverinducemetosignmydishonor。EitherIwillburymyselfundertheruinsofmyCountry，orifthatconsolationappearstoosweettotheDestinythatpersecutesme，Ishallknowhowtoputanendtomymisfortuneswhenitisimpossibletobearthemanylonger。Ihaveacted，andcontinuetoact，accordingtothatinteriorvoiceofconscienceandofhonorwhichdirectsallmysteps:myconductshallbe，ineverytime，conformabletothoseprinciples。AfterhavingsacrificedmyyouthtomyFather，myripeyearstomyCountry，IthinkIhaveacquiredtherighttodisposeofmyoldage。Ihavetoldyou，andI
repeatit，NevershallmyhandsignahumiliatingPeace。
FinishthisCampaignIcertainlywill，resolvedtodareall，andtotrythemostdesperatethingseithertosucceedortofindagloriousend（FINGLORIEUSE）。"[OEuvresdeFrederic，xix。202（"Kemberg，28thOctober，1760，"aweekandadaybeforeTorgau）。]
FriedrichhadmarchedfromLubben，afterthreedays，settlingofaffairs，OCTOBER20th；arrivedatJessen，ontheElbe，withinwindofWittenberg，intwodaysmore。"HeformedasmallmagazineatDuben，"saysArchenholtz；"andwasofavelocity，asharpness，"——
likelightning，inamanner！Friedrichisuncommonlydangerouswhencrushedintoacorner，inthisway；andDaunknowsthatheis。
Friedrich’smanoeuvringsuponDaun——allreaderscananticipatethegeneraltypeofthem。Thestudiousmilitaryreader，ifEnglandboastsanysuch，willfindpunctualdetailoftheminTEMPELHOFandtheGermanBooks。Forourpoorobjects，hereisaSummarywhichmaysuffice:——
FromLubben，havingwindedupthesebadbusinesses，——andreinforcedGoltz，atGlogau，toa20，000forSilesia’ssake，tolooktowardsKoselandLoudon’sattemptsthere，——Friedrichgatheredhimselfintoproperconcentration；andwithallthestrengthnowlefttohimpushedforward（20thOctober）towardsWittenberg，andrecoveryofthoselostSaxonCountries。ToWittenbergfromLubbenissome60
miles；——canbedone，nearly，inacoupleofdays。WiththeKing，afterGoltzisfurnished，thereareabout30，000；EugenandHulsen，notidlefortheirownpart，waitinthosefarWesternorUltra—
Wittenbergregions（inandbeyondDessauCountry），tojoinhimwiththeir14，000，whentheygetsignal。Joinedwiththese，hewillbe44，000；hewillthencrossElbesomewhere，probablynotwhereDaunandtheReichimagine，andbeincontactwithhisProblem；
withwhatapitchofwillingnessnobodyneedbetold！Daun，inTorgauCountry，hasoneofthebestpositions；norisDaunamanforgettingflurried。
ThepoorReichsArmy，thoughitonceflattereditselfwithintendingtodisputeFriedrich’spassageoftheElbe，anddidmakesomedetachingsandmanoeuvringsthatway，onhisapproachtoWittenberg（October22d—23d），——tookasaferview，onhisactualarrivalthere，onhisre—seizureofthatruinedplace，anddangerousattitudeontherightbankbelowandabove。Saferview，onsalutarysecondthoughts；——andfellbackLeipzig—way，southwardtoDuben，30or40miles。WhencerapidlytoLeipzigitself，30or40more，onhisactuallyputtingdownhisbridgesoverElbe。
Friedrich’scrossing—placewasSchanzhaus，inDessauCountry，betweenRoslauandKlikau，12or15milesbelowWittenberg；
aboutmidwaybetweenWittenbergandtheinflowoftheMuldaintoElbe。HecrossedOCTOBER26th，noenemywithinwindatall；DaunatTorgauinhisinexpugnableCamp，ReichsfolkatDuben，makingtowardsLeipzigattheirbestpace。AndisnowwhollybetweenElbeandMulda；nothingbutMuldaandtheAnhallCountriesandtheHalleCountrynowtorearofhim。
AtJonitz，nextmarchsouthward，hefindstheEugen—Hulsenpeopleready。Wesaidtheyhadnotbeenidlewhilewaitingsignal:
ofwhichhereisoneprettyinstance。Eugen’sBrother，supremeReigningDukeofWurtemberg，——whomwepartedwithatFulda，lastWinter，onsoreterms；butwhoagain，zealouscreature，headshisownlittleArmyinFrench—Austrianservice，instillmoreeclipsedcircumstances（"Nosubsidyatall，thisYear，sayyouraugustMajesties？Well，Imustdowithout:avolunteer；andshallneedonlywhatIcanmakebyforcedcontributions！"whichofcourseheisdiligenttolevywhereverpossible），——haslatterlytakenHalleCountryinhand，verybusyraisingcontributionsthere:andEugenhears，notwithoutinterest，thatcertainregimentsordetachmentsofhis，pushedout，arelyinghere，there，superintendingthatsalutarywork，——withinclutch，perhaps，ofKleisttheHussar！
EugendespatchesKleistuponhim；whopounceswithhisusualfiercefelicityuponthesepeople。TosuchalarmofhispoorSerenityandpoorArmy，thatSerenityfliesoffhomewardatonce，andoutoftheseWarsaltogether；whereheneverhadotherthanthereverseofbusinesstobe，andwherehehasplayedsuchafarce—tragedyforfouryearsback。Eugenhasbeenheardtospeak，——theoretically，andinexcitedmoments，——of"runningsuchafellowthroughthebody，wereonenearhim::butitisactuallyEugeninpersonthatsendshimhomefromtheseWars:whichmaybecountedanotunfraternalorunpatrioticprocedure；beingofindisputablebenefittothepoorSovereignmanhimself，andtoeverybodyconcernedwithhim。
HearingthatFriedrichwasacross，Dauncamewestwardthatsameday（October26th），andplantedhimselfatEilenburg；concludingthattheReichsfolkwouldnowbeinjeopardyfirstofall。Whichwaspartlythefact；andindeedthisDaunmovementratheracceleratedthecompletionofit。WithoutthistheReichsArmymighthavelivedanotherday。IthadquittedDuben，andgoneinallhasteforLeipzig，at1inthemorning（notbyEilenburg，ofwhichorofDaun’sarrivalthereitknowsnothing），——"at1inthemorningofthe27th，"orinfact，sosoonasnewscouldreachitatthegallop，ThatFriedrichwasacross。AndnowFriedrich，seeingDaunoutinthismanner，judgedthatajunctionwascontemplated；
andthatonecouldnotbetooswiftinpreventingit。October29th，withonediligentmarch，FriedrichpostedhimselfatDuben；
there，inasortnowbetweenDaunandtheReichsfolk，detachedHulsenwithaconsiderableforcetovisittheselatterinLeipzigitself；andbeganwithalldiligenceforming"asmallMagazineinDuben，"MagdeburgandthecurrentoftheElbebeinghithertohisonlyresourceinthatkind。BythetimeofHulsen’sreturn，thislittleoperationwillbewellforward，andDaunwillhavedeclaredhimselfalittle。
Hulsen，eveningofOctober30th，foundLeipziginconsiderableemotion，theReichsfolktakingrefugeinit:nottheleastinclinedtostandapush，whenHulsenpresentedhimself。Nightof30th—31st，therewassummoningandmenacing；Reichendeavoringtoanswerinfirmstyle；butallthewhileindustriouslypackinguptogo。By5
inthemorning，thingshadcometoextremity；———morning，happilyforsomeofus，wasdarkmist。Butabout5o’clock，Hulsen（orHulsen’sSecond）comingonwithmenaceoffireandsworduponthesepoorReichspeople，foundtheReichspeoplewhollyvanishedinthemist。Gonebodily；infullmarchforthespursoftheMetal—
MountainRangeagain；——concluding，forthefourthtime，anextremelycontemptibleCampaign。Daun，withtheKingaheadofhim，madenottheleastattempttohelpthemintheirLeipzigdifficulty；butretiredtohisstrongCampatTorgau；feelshisworktolieTHERE，——asFriedrichperceivesofhim，withsomeinterest。
HulsenleftalittlegarrisoninLeipzig（friendQuintusapartofit）；[Tempelhof，iv。290。]andreturnedtotheKing；whosesmallMagazineatDuben，andothersmallaffairsthere，——Magdeburgwithboats，andtheKingwithwagons，havingbeensodiligentincarryinggrainthither，——arenowaboutcompleted。FromDaun’sreturningtoTorgau，FriedrichinfersthatthecautiousmanhasgotOrderfromCourttomaintainTorgauatallcosts，——toriskabattleratherthango。"Good:heshallhaveone！"thinksFriedrich。
And，NOVEMBER2d，infourcolumns，marchestowardsTorgau；
toSchilda，thatnight，whichissomesevenmilesonthesouthwardsideofTorgau。TheKing，himselfinthevanguardasusual，haswatchedwitheagerquestioningeyethecoursesofDaun’sadvancedparties，andbywhatroutestheyretreat；discernsforcertainthatDaunhasnoviewsuponDubenorourlittleMagazine；andthatthetugofwrestleforTorgau，whichistocrownthisCampaignintoconquestofSaxony，orshatteritintozerolikeitsforegoersontheAustrianpart，andwillbeofdeath—or—lifenatureonthePrussianpart，oughttoensueto—morrow。Forward，then！
ThisCampofTorgauisnotanewplacetoDaun。ItwasPrinceHenri’sCamplastAutumn；whereDauntriedallhiseffortstonopurpose；andthoughhugelyoutnumberingthePrince，couldmakeabsolutelynothingofit。Nothing，orless；andwasflowingbacktoDresdenandtheBohemianFrontier，uncheeredbyanything，tillthatcomfortableMaxenIncidentturnedup。Daunwellknowsthestrengthofthisposition。TorgauandtheBlockofHilltoWest，calledHillofSiptitz:——Hulsen，too，stoodherethisSummer；nottomentionFinckandWunsch，andtheirbeatingtheReichspeoplehere。AHillandPostofgreatstrength；notunfamiliartomanyPrussians，nortoFriedrich’sstudiousconsiderations，thoughhisknowledgeofitwasnotpersonalonallpoints；——asTo—morrowtaughthim，somewhattohiscost。
"Tourists，fromWeimarandtheThuringianCountries，"saysaNote—
book，sometimesusefultous，"havemostlikelyomittedRossbachintheirscreamingrailwayflighteastward；anddonelittleinLeipzigbutendeavortoeatdinner，and，stillmorevainly，tosnatchalittlesleepintheinhumandormitoriesoftheCountry。
Nextmorning，screamingDresden—ward，theymight，especiallyifmilitary，pauseatOschatz，astageortwobeforeMeissen，whereagainareobjectsofinterest。YoucanlookatHubertsburg，ifgiventhatway，——aRoyalSchloss，memorableonseveralgrounds；——atHubertsburg，andatotherfeatures，intheneighborhoodofOschatz。
Thisdone，orthisleftnotdone，youstrikeoffleftward，thatisnorthward，insomeopenvehicle，forsurveyofTorgauanditsvicinitiesandenvirons。Notabovefifteenmilesforyou；adrivesingularandpleasant；timeenoughtoreturnandbeinDresdenfordinner。
"TorgauisafinesolidoldTown；Prussianmilitarynowabundantinit。InancientHeathentimes，Isuppose，itmeanttheGAU，orDistrict，ofTHOR；CapitalofthatGau，——partofwhich，nowunderChristianorquasi—Christiancircumstances，youhavejustbeentraversing，withElbeonyourrighthand。InnocentruralaspectsofHumanity，Boor’slife，Gentry’slife，alltheway，notinanyholidayequipment；onthecontrary，somewhatunkemptandscraggy，butallthemorehonestandinoffensive。Thereissky，earth，air，andfreedomforyourownreflections:areallyagreeablekindofGau；pleasant，thoughinpartugly。Largetractsofitarepine—
wood，withpleasantVillagesandfinearableexpansesinterspersed。
SchildaandmanyVillagesyouleavetorightandleft。
Old—fashionedVillages，withtheirvillageindustriesvisiblearound；laboringeachinitskind，——nottoofast；probablywithextincttobacco—pipehangingoveritschin（KALT—RAUCHEND，’smokingCOLD，’astheyphraseit）。
"SchildahasanabsurdcelebrityamongtheGermans:itistheGothamofTeutschland；afountainofoldbroad—grinsandhomelyandheartyrusticbanter；wellingupfromtheseriousextinctAgestoourownday；’SCHILTburger’（InhabitantofSCHILDA）meaningstill，amongalltheTeutschpopulations，amanofcalmlyobstinatewhimsanddelusions，ofnotionsaltogethercontrarytofact，andagreeabletohimselfonly；resolutelypushinghiswaythroughlifeonthoseterms:amidhorse—laughter，naturally，andgeneralwaggingofbeardsfromsurroundingmankind。Extinctmirth，nottobegrowledatordespised，inAgesrunningtotheshallow，whichhavelosttheirmirth，andbecomeallonesniggerofmock—mirth。Foritisobservable，themoresolemnisyourbackgroundofDARK，thebrighteristheplayofallhumangenialitiesandcoruscationsonit，——ofgenialmirthespecially，inthehourformirth。WhotheDOCTORBORDELofSchildawas，Idonotknow:buttheyhavehadtheirBordel，asGothamhad；——probablyvariousBordels；
industrioustopickupthoseSpiritualfruitsoftheearth。Fortherecordsarestillabundantandcurrent；fullymorealivethanthoseofGothamhereare。——Andyonder，then，isactuallySchildaoftheabsurdfame。Asmall，cheerful—lookinghumanVillage，initsIslandamongtheWoods；youseeitlyingtotheright:——acleanbrick—
slatecongeries，withfaintsmoke—canopyhangingoverit，indicatingfrugaldinner—kettlesonthesimmer；——andyourememberkindlythosegoodoldgrinnings，overgoodSCHILTBURGER，goodWISE
MENOFGOTHAM，andtheirlearnedChroniclers，andunlearnedPeasantProducers，whohavecontributedawrinkleofhumanFuntotheearnestfaceofLife。
"AfterSchilda，andbefore，youtraverselongtractsofPineForest，allunderforestmanagement；withlongstraightstretchesofsandyroad（oneofwhichisyourown），straightlikeredtape—
strings，intersectingthewidesolitudes:dangeroustoyourtopographies，——forthefinger—postsarenotalwaysthere，andhumanadviceyoucangetnone。Nothingbutthestripeofblueskyoverhead，andthebrownoneoftape（orsand）underyourfeet:
thetreespoorandmeanformostpart，butsoinnumerable，andallsosilent，watchingyoualllikemutewitnesses，mutelywhisperingtogether；novoicebuttheircombinedwhisperorbigforestSOUGH
audibletoyouintheworld:——onthewhole，yoursolitaryridethereproves，unexpectedly，asingulardeliverancefromthemadrailway，anditsironbedlamismsandshriekingdiscordsandprecipitances；andissoothing，andpensivelywelcome，thoughsadenough，andinoutwardfeaturesuglyenough。Nowildboarsarenowinthesewoods，nochanceofawolf:"——whatconcernsusmoreis，thatFriedrich’scolumns，onthe3dofNovember，hadtomarchupthroughtheselonglanes，ortape—stripesoftheTorgauForest；
andthatoneimportantcolumn，oneormore，tookthewrongturnatsomepoint，andwasdangerouslywantingattheexpectedmoment！——
"TorgauitselfstandsnearElbe；ontheshoulder，easternorElbe—
wardshoulder，ofabigmassofKnoll，orbroadHeight，calledofSiptitz，themainEminenceoftheGau。Shoulder，Icalledit，ofthisHeightofSiptitz；butmoreproperlyitisonacontinuation，orlowerulteriorheightdippingintoElbeitself，thatTorgaustands。SiptitzHeight，nearlyamilefromElbe，dropsdownintoastraggleofponds；afterwhich，onasecondorfinalrise，comesTorgaudippingintoElbe。Notashoulderstrictly，butratheraCHEEK，withNECKintervening；——neckGOITRYforthatmatter，orquaggywithponds！TheoldTownstandshighenough，butisenlacedonthewesternandsouthernsidebyasetoflakesandquagmires，someofwhicharestillextensiveandundrained。Thecourseofthewatershereabouts；andofElbeitself，hashaditsintricacies:
closetonorthwest，Torgauisbordered，inastragglingway，bywhattheycallOLDELBE；whichisnotnowafluententity，butastagnantcongeriesofdirtywatersandmorasses。TheHillofSiptitzabutsinthataqueousorquaggymanner；itsforefeetbeing，asitwere，atorinElbeRiver，anditssides，totheSouthandtotheNorthforsomedistanceeachway，considerablyenvelopedinpondsandboggydifficulties。
"Plentyofwaterallabout，butIsupposemostlyofbadquality；
atleastTorgauhasdeclineddrinkingit，andbeenatthetroubletolayapipe，orROHRGRABEN，severalmileslong，tobringitsculinarywaterfromthewesternneighborhoodsofSiptitzHeight。
AlongthesouthernsideofSiptitzHeightgoesleisurelyanuncomfortablekindofBrook，calledthe’ROHRGRABEN（Pipe—Ditch）；’
themeaningofwhichunexpectednameyoufindtobe，ThatthereisaSERVICE—PIPElaidcunninglyatthebottomofthisBrook；
liftingtheBrookatitspureuppersprings，andsendingitalong，insecrettubularquasi—bottledcondition；leavingthefoulerdrippingsfromtheneighborhoodtomakewhat’brook’theystillcan，overitshead，andkeepitoutofharm’swaytillTorgaugetit。ThisiscalledtheROHRGRABEN，thiswhichcomesrunningthroughSiptitzVillage，allalongbythesouthernbaseofSiptitzHill；
totheidleeye，adirtyishBrook，endingincertainnotablePondseastward:buttotheeyeoftheinquiringmind，whichhaspierceddeeper，aTubeofrationalWater，runningintothethroatsofTorgau，whiletheso—calledBrookdisemboguesatdiscretionintotheENTEFANG（Duck—trap），andwhatPondsorreedyPuddlesthereare，"——ofwhich，inpoorWunsch’sfinebitoffighting，lastYear，weheardmention。Letreaderskeepmindofthem。
TheHillSiptitz，withthisROHRGRABENatthesouthernbasisofit，makesaverymainfigureintheBattlenowimminent。SiptitzHeightis，infact，Daun’sCamp；wherehestandsintrenchedtotheutmost，repeatedlychanginghisposition，thebettertosustainFriedrich’sexpectedattacks。Itisabluntbroad—backedElevation，mostlyinvineyard，perhapsontheaverage200feetabovethegenerallevel，andoffiveorsixsquaremilesinarea:length，easttowest，fromGrosswigneighborhoodtotheenvironsofTorgau，maybeaboutthreemiles；breadth，southtonorth，fromtheSiptitztotheZinnaneighborhoods，abovehalfthatdistance。TheHeightissteepishonthesouthernside，allalongtothesouthwestangle（whichwasDaun’sleftflankinthegreatActioncoming），butswellsupwitheasierascentonthewest，earthandothersides。Letthereadertryforsomeconceptionofitsenvironmentandit，asthefloororarenaofagreattransactionthisday。
DaunstandsfrontingsouthwardalongtheseSiptitzHeights，lookingtowardsSchildaandhisdangerousneighbor；heights，woods，pondsandinaccessibilitiesenvironinghisPositionandhim。Oneofthestrongestpositionsimaginable；which，underPrinceHenri，provedinexpugnableenoughtosomeofus。Apositionnottobeattackedonthatsouthernfront，noroneitherofitsflanks:——wherecanitbeattacked？Impregnable，underPrinceHenriinfarinferiorforce:
howwillyoutakeitfromDaunindecidedlysuperior？Apositionnottobeattackedatall，mostmilitarymenwouldsay；——thoughOnemilitaryman，inhisextremenecessity，mustandwillfindawayintoit。
Onefault，theuniquemilitaryman，intenselypondering，discoversthatithas:itistoosmallforDaun；notareaenoughformanoeuvring65，000meninit；whowillgetintoconfusionifproperlydealtwith。Amostcomfortablelight—flash，theEUREKAofthisterribleproblem。"Wewillattackitonrearandonfrontsimultaneously；thatisthewaytohandleit！"Yes；simultaneously，thoughthatisdifficult，saymilitaryjudges；perhapstoPrussiansitmaybepossible。Itistheopinionofmilitaryjudgeswhohavestudiedthematter，thatFriedrich’splan，couldithavebeenperfectlyexecuted，mighthavegotnotonlyvictoryfromDaun，butwascapabletoflinghisbigArmyandhimpell—mellupontheElbeBridge，thatistosay，insuchcircumstances，intoElbeRiver，andswallowhimbodilyatafrightfulrate！ThatfatewassparedpoorDaun。
MONDAY，3dNOVEMBER，1760，athalf—past6inthemorningFriedrichisonmarchforthisgreatenterprise。Themarchgoesnorthward，inThreeColumns，withaFourthofBaggage；throughthewoods，onfourdifferentroads；roads，orcombinationsofthoseintricatesandyavenuesalreadynoticed。Northwardallofitatfirst；butatacertainpointahead（atcrossingoftheEilenburg—TorgauRoad，namely），theMarchistodivideitselfintwo。HalfoftheforceistostrikeoffrightwardtherewithZiethen，andtoissueonthesouthsideofSiptitzHill；otherhalf，underFriedrichhimself，tocontinuenorthward，longmilesfarther，andthenatlastbendinground，issue——simultaneouslywithZiethen，ifpossible——uponSiptitzHillfromthenorthside。Weareabout44，000strong，againstDaun，whois65，000。
SimultaneouslywithZiethen，sofarashumanlypossible:thatistheessentialpoint！Friedrichhastakeneverypainsthatitshallbecorrect，inthisandallpoints；andtotakedoubleassuranceofhidingitfromDaun，heyesternight，indictatinghisOrdersontheotherheadsofmethod，keptentirelytohimselfthismostimportantZiethenportionoftheBusiness。Andnow，atstarting，hehastakenZietheninhiscarriagewithhimafewmiles，toexplainthethingbywordofmouth。AttheEilenburgroad，orbeforeit，Ziethenthinksheisclearastoeverything；dismounts；takesinhandthemassintrustedtohim；andstrikesoffbythatrightwardcourse:
"Rightward，HerrZiethen；rightwardtillyougettoKlitschen，yourfirstconsiderableislandinthisseaofwood；atKlitschenstriketotheleftintothewoodsagain，——yourroadiscalledtheButter—
Strasse（BUTTER—STREET）；goesbythenorthwestsideofSiptitzHeight；reachSiptitzbytheButter—Street，andthendoyourendeavor！"
WiththeotherHalfofhisArmy，speciallywiththeFirstColumnofit，Friedrichproceedsnorthwardonhisownpartoftheadventure。
ThreeColumnshehas，besidestheBaggageone:innumberaboutequaltoZiethen’s；ifperhapsotherwise，ratherthechosenHalf；
about8，000grenadierandfootguardpeople，withKleist’sHussars，areFriedrich’sownColumn。Friedrich’sColumnmarchesnearesttheDaunpositions；theBaggage—columnfarthest；andthatlatteristohalt，underescort，quiteawaytoleftorwestwardofthedisturbancecoming；theotherTwoColumns，Hulsen’soffoot，Holstein’smostlyofhorse，gothroughintermediatetracksofwood，byroadsmoreorlessparallel；andareall，Friedrich’sownColumn，stillmoretheothers，toleaveSiptitzseveralmilestoright，andtoend，notATSiptitzHeight，butseveralmilespastit，andthenwheelinground，beginbusinessfromthenorthwardorrearwardsideofDaun，whileZiethenattacksormenaceshisfront，——simultaneously，ifpossible。Friedrich’smarch，hiddenallbywoods，ismorethantwiceasfarasZiethen’s，——some14or15milesinall；goingstraightnorthward10miles；thencebendingeastward，thensouthwardthroughwoods；toemergeaboutNeiden，theretocrossaBrook（Striebach），andstrikehomeonthenorthsideofDaun。Thetrackofmarchisintheshapesomewhatofashepherd’scrook；thelongHANDLEofit，wellawayfromSiptitz，reachesuptoNeiden，thisisthestraightorwoodenpartofsaidcrook；afterwhichcomesthebent，catching，orironpart，——intendedforDaunandhisfierceflock。Ziethenhashardlyabovesixmiles；andoughttobedeliberateinhiswoodlands，tilltheKing’spartyhavetimetogetround。
Themorning，Ifind，iswet；fourteenmilesofmarch:fancysuchaPromenadethroughthedrippingWoods；heavy，toilsome，andwithsucherrandahead！Thedelayswereconsiderable；someofthemaccidental。VigilantDaunhasDetachmentswatchingintheseWoods:
——aGeneralRied，whofirescannonandgetsoff:thenaGeneralSt。
IgnonandtheSt。IgnonRegimentofDragoons；who，beingBETWEEN
ColumnFirstandColumnSecond，cannotgetaway；but，aftersomeindustrybyKleistandthoseofColumnTwo，arecaughtandpocketed，St。Ignonhimselfprisoneramongtherest。Thisdelaymayperhapsbeconsideredprofitable:buttherewereotherdelaysabsolutelywithoutprofit。Forexample，thatofhavingdifficultieswithyourartillery—wagonsinthewetmirylanes；thatofmissingyourroad，atsometurninthesolitarywoods；whichlatterwasthesadchanceofColumnThird，fatallydelayingitformanyhours。
Daun，learningbythosereturnedpartiesfromtheWoodswhattheRoyalintentionsonhimare，hastilywhirlshimselfround，soastofrontnorth，andtherereceiveFriedrich:bestlinenorthwardforFriedrich’sbehoof；rearlineorsecond—bestwillnowreceiveZiethenorwhatmaycome。Daun’sarrangementsareadmittedtobepromptandexcellent。Lacy，withhis20，000，——wholay，whileFriedrich’sattackwasexpectedfromsouth，atLoswig，asadvancedguard，eastsideoftheGROSSETEICH（supremepondofall，whichisacontinuationoftheDuck—trap，ENTEFANG，andhangslikeachiefgoitreonthegoitryneckofTorgau），——Lacyisnowtodrawhimselfnorthandwestward，andlookingintotheEntefangoverhisleftshoulder（sotospeak），berear—guardagainstanyZiethenorPrussianpartythatmaycome。Daun’sbaggageisallacrosstheElbe，allinwagonssinceyesterday；threeBridgeshangingforDaunandit，incaseofadverseaccident。Daunlikewisebringsallornearlyallhiscannontothenewfront，forFriedrich’sbehoof:
200newpieceshither；Archenholtzsays400inwhole；
certainlysuchaweightofartilleryasneverappearedinBattlebefore。UnlessFriedrich’sarrangementsprovepunctual，andhisstrokebeemphatic，Friedrichmayhappentofarebadly。Onthelatterpoint，ofemphasis，thereisnodubietyforFriedrich:
butontheformer，——thingsarealreadypastdoubt，thewrongway！
ForthelasthourorsoofFriedrich’smarchtherehasbeencontinualstormofcannonadeandmusketryaudiblefromZiethen’sside:——"Ziethenengaged！"thinkseverybody；andquickensstephere，underthismarchingmusicfromthedistance。Whichisbutawrongreadingormistake，nothingmore；therealphenomenonbeingasfollows:ZiethenpunctuallygottoKlitschenattheduehour；
struckintotheBUTTER—STRASSE，calculatinghispaces；but，ontheedgeoftheWoodfoundasmallAustrianparty，likethoseinFriedrich’sroute；and，pushingintoit，theAustrianpartyrepliedwithcannonbeforerunning。WhereuponZiethen，notknowinghowinconsiderableitwas，drewoutinbattle—order；gaveitasalvoortwo；droveitbackonLacy，intheDuck—trapdirection，——alongwayeastofButter—Street，andZiethen’srealplace；——unluckythathefolloweditsofar！Ziethenfollowedit；andgotintosomelanguiddisputewithLacy:disputequitedistant，languid，onbothsides，andconsistingmainlyofcannon；butlastinginthiswaymanyprecioushours。Thisisthephenomenonwhichfriends，inthedistancereadtobe，"Ziethenengaged！"Engaged，yes，andalaswithwhat？WhatZiethen’sdegreeofblamewas，Idonotknow。
Friedrichthoughtitconsiderable:——"Stupid，stupid，MEINLIEBER！"
whichZiethenneverwouldadmit；——and，beyondquestion，itwasofhighdetrimenttoFriedrichthisday。Suchaccidents，saymilitarymen，areinherent，nottobeavoided，inthatdoubleformofattack:whichmaybetrue，onlythatFriedrichhadnochoiceleftofformsjustnow。
AboutnoonFriedrich’sVanguard（KleistandHussars），about1
o’clockFriedrichhimself，7or8，000Grenadiers，emergedfromtheWoodsaboutNeiden。ThisColumn，whichconsistsofchoicetroops，istobeFront—lineoftheAttack。ButthereisyetnoSecondColumnunderHulsen，stilllessanyThirdunderHolstein，comeinsight:andZiethen’scannonadeisbuttooaudible。Friedrichhalts；
sendsAdjutantstohurryontheseColumns；——andridesoutreconnoitring，questioningpeasants；earnestlysurveyingDaun’sgroundandhisown。Daun’snowrightwingwelleastwardaboutZinnahadbeenFriedrich’sintendedpointofattack；buttheground，outthere，provesbrokenbyboggybrooksandremnantstagnanciesoftheOldElbe:FriedrichfindshemustreturnintotheWoodagain；
andattackDaun’sleft。Daun’sleftiscarefullydrawndownEN
POTENCE，orgallows—shapethere；andhas，withintheWood，carefullybuiltbyPrinceHenrilastyear，anextensiveAbatis，orcompletewesternwall，——onlythenorthpartofwhichisperhapsnowpassable，theAustrianshavinginthecoldtimeusedagooddealofitasfirewoodlately。There，onthenorthwestcornerofDaun，acrossthatweakpartoftheAbatis，mustFriedrich’sattacklie。
ButFriedrich’sColumnsarestillfatallybehind，——Holstein，withalltheCavalrywehave，sopreciousatpresent，iswanderingbywrongpaths；tookthewrongturnatsomepoint，andtheAdjutantcanhardlyfindhimatall，withhispreceptof"Haste，Haste！"
WemayfigureFriedrich’shumorundertheseillomens。
Ziethen’scannonadebecomeslouderandlouder；whichFriedrichnaturallyfanciestobedeathorlifetohim，——nottomeanalmostnothing，asitdid。"MEINGOTT，Ziethenisinaction，andIhavenotmyInfantryup！"[Tempelhof，iv。303。]criedhe。Andatlengthdecidedtoattackashewas:Grenadiersinfront，thechosenofhisInfantry；Ramin’sBrigadeforsecondline；and，exceptabout800ofKleist，noCavalryatall。HisbattalionsmarchoutfromNeidenhand，throughdifficultbrooks，Striebachandthelike，bybridgesofAustrianbuild，whichtheAustriansareobligedtoquitinhurry。ThePrussiansareasyetperpendiculartoDaun，butwillwheelrightward，intotheDomitschWoodagain；andthenform，——
paralleltoDaun’snorthwestshoulder；andtoPrinceHenri’sAbatis，whichwillbetheirfirstobstacleincharging。
Theirobstaclesinformingweremanyandintricate；groundsodifficult，forartilleryespecially:seldomwasseensuchexpertness，suchwillingnessofmind。AndseldomlayaheadofmensuchobstaclesAFTERforming！Thinkonlyofonefact:Daun，onsightoftheirintention，hasopened400piecesofArtilleryonthem，andthesegoragingandthunderingintothehemoftheWood，andtowhateverissuesfromit，nowandforhourstocome，atarateofdeafeninguproarandofsheerdeadliness，whichnoobservercanfindwordsfor。
Archenholtz，averyyoungofficeroffifteen，whocameintoitperhapsanhourhence，describesitasathingsurpassableonlybyDoomsday:clangorousrageofnoiserisentotheinfinite；
theboughsofthetreesrainingdownonyou，withhorridcrash；
theForest，withitsechoes，bellowingfarandnear，andreverberatinginuniversaldeath—peal；comparabletotheTrumpofDoom。Friedrichhimself，whoisanoldhand，saidtothoseabouthim:"Whataninfernalfire（HOLLISCHESFEUER）！Didyoueverhearsuchacannonadebefore？Inever。"[Tempelhof，iv。304；
Archenholtz，ii。164。]FriedrichisbetweentheTwoLinesofhisGrenadiers，whichishisplaceduringtheattack:thefirstLineofGrenadiers，behindPrinceHenri’sAbatis，iswithin800yardsofDaun；Ramin’sBrigadeistorearoftheSecondLine，asaReserve。
Horsetheyhavenone，exceptthe800KleistHussars；whostandtotheleft，outsidetheWood，frontedbyAustrianHorseinhopelessmultitude。Artillerytheyhave，ineffect，none:theirBatteries，hardlytobegotacrosstheselastwoodydifficultiesoftreesgrowingandtreesfelled，didrankoutsidetheWood，ontheirleft；
butcoulddoabsolutelynothing（gun—carriagesandgunners，officersandmen，beingalikeblownaway）；andwhenTempelhofsawthemafterwards，theyneverhadbeenfiredatall。TheGrenadiershavetheirmuskets，andtheirheartsandtheirright—hands。
Withamazingintrepidity，they，beingatlengthallreadyinrankwithin800yards，rushintothethroatofthisFire—volcano；inthewaycommanded，——whichisthealoneway:suchaproblemashumanbraveryseldomhad。TheGrenadiersplungeforwarduponthethroatofDaun；butitisintothethroatofhisironenginesandhistearingbillowsofcannon—shotthatmostofthemgo。Shorndownbythecompany，bytheregiment，inthoseterrible800yards，——thenandafterwards。RegimentSTUTTERHEIMwasnearlyallkilledandwounded，saytheBooks。YouwouldfancyitwasthefewestofthemthatevergottothelengthofsellingtheirlivestoDaun，insteadofgivingthemawaytohis400cannon。Butitisnotso。
TheGrenadiers，bothLinesofthem，stillinquantity，didgetintocontactwithDaun。Andsoldhimtheirlives，handtohand，ataratebeyondexampleinsuchcircumstances；——Daunhavingtohurryupnewforceinstreamsuponthem；resolutetopurchase，thoughtheprice，foralongwhile，rosehigherandhigher。
Atlastthe6，000Grenadiers，beingnowreducedtothetenthman，hadtofallback。UponwhichcertainAustrianBattalionsrusheddawninchase，countingitVictorycome:butwereseverelyadmonishedofthatmistake；anddrivenbackbyRamin’speople，whoaccompaniedthemintotheirranksandagaingaveDaunagreatdealoftroublebeforehecouldoverpowerthem。ThisisAttackFirst，issuinginfailurefirst:oneofthestiffestbitsoffightingeverknown。Beganabout2intheafternoon；ended，Ishouldguess，ratherafter3。Daun，bythistime，isinconsiderabledisorderofline；thoughhis400fire—throatscontinuebelchingruin，anddeafeningtheworld，withoutabatement。DaunhimselfhadgotwoundedinthefootorlegduringthisAttack，buthadnotimetomindit:amostbusy，strongandresoluteDaun；doinghisverybest。Friedrich，too，waswounded，——nobodywilltellmeinwhichoftheseattacks；——butIthinknotnow，atleastwillnotspeakofitnow。Whathisfeelingswere，asthisGrenadierAttackwenton，——astrugglesounequal，butnottobehelped，fromthedelaysthathadrisen，——nobody，himselfleastofall，recordsforus:onlybythislittlesymptom:TwoGrandsonsoftheOldDessauer’sareAdjutantsofhisMajesty，andwelllovedbyhim；oneofthemnowathishand，theotherheadinghisregimentinthischargeofGrenadiers。
WordcomestoFriedrichthatthislatteroneisshotdead。OnwhichFriedrich，turningtotheBrother，andnothidinghisemotion，aswasusualinsuchmoments，said:"Allgoesillto—day；myfriendsarequittingme。IhavejustheardthatyourBrotheriskilled（TOUTVAMALAUJOURD’HUI；MESAMISMEQUITTENT。ONVIENTDE
M’ANNONCERLAMORTDEVOTREFRERE）！"[Preuss，ii。226。]WordswhichtheAnhaltkindred，andthePrussianmilitarypublic，treasuredupwithareverencestrangetous。OfAnhaltperhapssomewordbyandby，atafitterseason。
Shortlyafter3，asIreckonthetime，Hulsen’sColumndidarrive:
choicetroopsthesetoo，thePomeranianMANTEUFFEL，oneregimentofthem；——youngArchenholtzofFORCADE（firstBattalionhere，secondandthirdarewithZiethen，makingvainnoise）wasinthisColumn；
came，withtheothers，windingtotheWood’sedge，insuchcircuits，pooryoungsoul；rainpouring，ifthathadbeenworthnotice；cannon—ballsplunging，boughscrashing，suchaTODES—
POSAUNE，orDoomsday—Thunder，brokenloose:——theydidemergesteadily，nevertheless，hesays，"likesea—billowsorflowoftide，underthesmokyhurricane。"Prettymenareheretoo，ManteuffelPommerners；noheartsstouter。Withthese，andtheindignantRemnantswhichwaitedforthem，anewassaultuponDaunissetabout。Andburstsout，onthatsamenorthwestcornerofhim；
sayabouthalf—past3。Therainisnowdone，"blownawaybythetremendousartillery，"thinksArchenholtz，ifthatwereanymatter。
TheAttack，supportedbyafewmoreHorse（thoughColumnThreestillfatallylingers），and，Ishouldhope，bysomepracticableweightofField—batteries，isspurredbyagrimmerkindofindignation，andisoffiercerspiritthanever。ThinkhowManteuffelofFootwillblazeout；andwhatisthehumorofthoseonceoverwhelmedRemnants，nowgettingairagain！Daun’slineisactuallybrokeninthispoint，hisartillerysurmountedandbecomeuseless；Daun’spotenceandnorthfrontarereelingbackwards，Prussiansinpossessionoftheirground。"Thefieldtobeours！"
thinksFriedrich，forsometime。IfindeedZiethenhadbeenseriouslybusyonthesouthernsideofthings，insteadofvaguelycannonadinginthatmanner！ButresoluteDaun，withpromptitude，callsinhisReservefromGrosswig，callsinwhatsoeverofdisposableforcehecangather；Daunrallies，rushesagainonthePrussiansinoverpoweringnumber；and，inspiteoftheirmostdesperateresistance，drivesthemback，everback；andrecovershisground。
Averydesperatebout，thisSecondone；probablythetoughestoftheBattle:buttheresultagainisDaun’s；thePrussianspalpablyobligedtodrawback。Friedrichhimselfgotwoundedhere；——pooryoungArchenholtztoo，ONLYwounded，notkilled，assomanywere:——
Friedrich’swoundwasacontusiononthebreast；cameofsomespentbitofcase—shot，deadenedfartherbyafamedpelissehewore，——
"whichsavedmylife，"hesaidafterwardstoHenri。TheKinghimselflittleregardedit（mentioningitonlytoBrotherHenri，oninquiryandsolicitation），duringthefewweeksitstillhungabouthim。TheBooksintimatethatitstruckhimtotheearth，voidofconsciousnessforsometime，totheterrorofthoseabouthim；
andthathestartedup，disregardingitaltogetherinthispressofbusiness，andalmostasifashamedofhimself，whichimposedsilenceonpeople’stongues。Inmilitarycirclesthereisstill，onthislatterpoint，anAnecdote；whichIcannotconfirmordeny，butwillgiveforthesakeofBerenhorstandhisfamedBookontheART
OFWAR。Berenhorst——anaturalsonoftheOldDessauer’s，andevidentlyenoughachipoftheoldblock，onlygoneintothearticulate—speakingorintellectualform——was，forthepresent，anAdjutantorAide—de—campofFriedrich’s；andatthisjuncturewasseenbendingovertheswoonedFriedrich，perhapswithanover—
pathosorelaboratesomethinginhisexpressionofcountenance:
whenFriedrichreopenedhisindignanteyes:"WASMACHTERHIER？"
criedFriedrich:"ERSAMMLEFUYARDS！Whathaveyoutodohere？Goandgatherrunaways"（beofsomerealuse，can’tyou）！——whichunkindcutstruckdeepintoBerenhorst，theysay；andcouldneverafterbeeradicatedfromhisgloomyheart。ItiscertainhebecamePrinceHenri’sAdjutantsoonafter，andthatinhisKRIEGSKUNST，amidsttheclearestorthodoxadmiration，hemanifests，bylittletouchesupanddown，afeelingofveryfellandpallidqualityagainsttheKing；andbelongs，inapeculiarlyvirulentthoughtaciturnway，totheOppositionParty。H1sBook，nexttoEnglishLloyd’s（orperhapssuperior，forBerenhorstisofmuchthemorecultivatedintellect，highlycondensedtoo，thoughsodiscursiveandfar—read，wereitnotfortheviceofperversediabolictemper），seemed，toahumbleoutsiderlikemyself，greatlythestrongest—headed，mostpenetratingandhumanlyilluminativeIhadhadtostudyonthatsubject。Whotheweakest—headedwas（perhapsJOMINI，amongthewidelycirculatingkind？），Iwillnotattempttodecide，sogreatisthecrushinthatbaddirection。Toreturn。
ThisSecondAttackisagainarepulsetotheindignantFriedrich；
thoughhestillpersistsinfierceefforttorecoverhimself:
andindeedDaun’sinterior，too，itappears，isallinawhirlofconfusion；hislossestoohavingbeenenormous:——when，see，hereatlength，abouthalf—past4，Sunnowdown，isthetardyHolstein，withhisCavalry，emergingfromtheWoods。Comeswendingonyonder，halfamiletonorthofus；straighteastwardorElbe—ward（accordingtotheorderoflastnight），leavingusandourdeath—
strugglesunregarded，asathingthatisnotonhistablets，andisnoconcernofHolstein’s。Friedrichhaltshim，notquitetoolate；
organizesanewandthirdAttack。SimultaneousuniversaleffortoffootandhorseuponDaun’sFront；Holsteinhimself，whoisalmostatZinnabythistime，togouponDaun’srightwing。ThisisAttackThird；andisofsporadicintermittentnature，inthethickeningduskanddarkness:partofitsuccessful，noneofitbeaten，butnowherethesuccesscomplete。Thus，intheextremewestorleftmostofFriedrich’sattack，SPAENDragoons，——oneofthelastHorseRegimentsofHolstein’sColumn，——SPAENDragoons，undertheirLieutenant—ColonelDalwig（abeautifulmanoeuvrer，whohasstormedthroughmanyfields，fromMollwitzonwards），cutin，withanadmiredimpetuosity，withanaudaciousskill，upon，theAustrianInfantryRegimentsthere；brokethemtopieces，tooktwooftheminthelumpprisoners；beardedwholetorrentsofAustriancavalryrushinguptotherescue，——andbroughtofftheirmassofprisonerregimentsandsixcannon；——theAustrianrescuersbeingchargedbysomenewPrussianparty，andhuntedhomeagain。[Tempelhof，iv。
305。]"HadthesePrussianHorsebeenontheirgroundat2o’clock，anddoneasnow，itisveryevident，"saysTempelhof，"whattheBattleofTorgauhadbythistimebeen！"
Nearby，too，fartherrightwards，ifinthebewilderingindistinctnessImightguesswhere（butthewhereisnotsoimportanttous），BaireuthDragoons，theyofthe67standardsatStriegaulongsince，plungedintotheAustrianBattalionsatanunsurpassablerate；tumbledfourregimentsofthem（RegimentKAISER，RegimentNEIPPERG，——nobodynowcareswhichfour）heelsoverhead，andinfewminutestookthemostofthemprisoners；
bringingthemhometoo，likeDalwig，throughcrowdsofrescuers。
Eastward，again，orElbe—ward，Holsteinhasfoundsuchintricaciesofground，suchboggydepthsandroughsteeps，hisCavalrycouldcometonodecisivesabringwiththeAustrian；butstoodexchangingshot；——nothingtobedoneonthatrightwingofDaun。
Daun’sleftflank，however，doesappear，afterThreesuchAttacks，tobeatlastprettywellruined:Tempelhofsays，"Daun’swholeFrontLinewastumbledtopieces；disorderhad，sympathetically，gonerearward，eveninthoseeasternparts；andonthewesternandnorthwesternthePrussianHorseRegimentswerenowstandinginitsplace。"But，indeed，suchchargingandrecharging，pulsingandrepulsing，hastherebeenhereaboutsforhourspast，therivalHostshavegotcompletelyinterpenetrated；Austrianparties，orwholeregiments，aretorearofthosePrussianswhostandrankedhere，andinvictoriousposture，astheNightsinks。Nightisnowsinkingonthismurderousday:"Nothingmoretobemadeofit；
tryitagainto—morrow！"thinkstheKing；givesHulsenchargeofbivouackingandre—arrangingthesescatteredpeople；andrideswithescortnorthwestwardtoElsnig，northofNeiden，welltorearofthisbloodyarena，——inamoodofmindwhichmaybefiguredasgloomyenough。
Daun，too，ishometoTorgau，——1think，alittleearlier，——tohavehiswounddressed，nowthatthedayseemstohimsecure。
Buccow，Daun’ssecond，iskilled；Daun’sthirdisanIrishGrafO’Donnell，memorableonlyonthisoneoccasion；tothisO’Donnell，andtoLacy，whoisfirmonhisgroundyonder，untouchedallday，thechargeofmattersisleft。Whichcannotbeadifficultone，hopesDaun。Daun，whilehiswoundisdressing，speedsoffacouriertoVienna。Courierdidenterdulythere，withglorioustrumpetingpostilions，anduniversalHep—hep—hurrah；kindlingthatardentlyloyalCityintoinfinitetriumphandillumination，——forthespaceofcertainhoursfollowing。
Hulsenmeanwhilehasbeendoinghisbesttogetintoproperbivouacforthemorrow；hasdrawnbackthoseeastwardhorseregiments，drawnforwardtheinfantrybattalions；forward，Ithink，andwellrightward，where，inthedaytime，Daun’sleftflankwas。Onthewhole，itisnorthwestwardthatthegeneralPrussianBivouacforthisnightis；theextremestSOUTHwestern—mostportionofitisInfantry，underGeneralLestwitz；agallantusefulman，wholittledreamsofbecomingfamousthisdrearyuncertainnight。
Itis6o’clock。Dampduskhasthickeneddownintoutterdarkness，ontheseterms:——when，lo，cannonadeandmusketadefromthesouth，audibleintheLestwitz—Hulsenquarters:seriouslyloud；redglowofconflagrationvisiblewithal，——someunfortunateVillagegoingup（"VillageofSiptitz，thinkyou？"）；andneedofHulsenathisfastest！Hulsen，withsomereadiestFootRegiments，circlinground，makesthitherward；Lestwitzinthevan。Letusprecedehimthither，andexplainalittlewhatitwas。
Ziethen，whohadstoodalldaymakingidlenoises，——ofwhatafatalqualityweknow，ifZiethendidnot，——waitingfortheKing’sappearance，musthavebeenconsiderablydispleasedwithhimselfatnightfall，whentheKing’sfiregraduallydiedoutfartherandfarthernorth，givingrisetothesaddestsurmises。
Ziethen’sGenerals，SaldernandtheLeuthenMollendorf，arefullofgloomyimpatience，urgentonhimtotrysomething。"Pushwestward，nearertheKing？Somestrokeattheenemyontheirsouthorsouthwesternside，wherewehavenotmolestedthemallday？
NogettingacrosstheRohrgrabenonthem，saysyourExcellenz？
SiptitzVillage，andtheirBatterythere，isonoursideoftheRohrgraben:——UMGOTTESWILLEN，something，HerrGeneral！"
Ziethendoesfinallyassent:drawsleftward，westward；
unbucklesSaldern’speopleuponSiptitz；whogolikesharphoundsfromtheslip；fastenonSiptitzandtheAustriansthere，withawill；wrenchtheseout，forcethemtoabandontheirBattery，andtosetSiptitzonfire，whiletheyrunoutofit。Comfortablebitofsuccess，sofar，——werenotSiptitzburning，sothatwecannotgetthrough。"Through，no:andwerewethrough，isnottheretheRohrgraben？"thinksZiethen，notseeinghisway。
Howluckythat，atthismoment，Mollendorfcomesin，withadiscoverytowestward；discoveryofouroldfriend"theButter—
Street，"——itisnothingmore，——whereZiethenshouldhavemarchedthismorning:therewouldhehavefoundasolidroadacrosstheRohrgraben，freepassagebyabridgebetweentwobitsofponds，attheSCHAFEREI（Sheep—Farm）ofSiptitzyonder。"Therestill，"
reportsMollendorf，"thesolidroadis；unbesethitherto，exceptbymeMollendorf！"Thitherwardalldonowhasten，Austrians，Prussians:butthePrussiansarebeforehand；MollendorfismasterofthePass，deployinghimselfontheothersideofit，andZiethenandeverybodyhasteningthroughtosupporthimthere，andtheAustriansmakingfiercefightinvain。ThesoundofwhichhasreachedHulsen，andsetLestwitzandhiminmotionthither。
Forthethingisvital，ifweknewit。CloseaheadofMollendorf，whenheisthroughthisPass，closeonMollendorf’sleft，ashewheelsroundontheattackingAustrians，isthesouthwestcornerofSiptitzHeight。Southwestcorner，highestpointofit；summitandkeyofallthatBattlearea；rulesitall，ifyougetcannonthither。Ithangssteepishonthesouthernside，overtheRohrgraben，wherethisMollendorf—Austrianfightbegins；butitisbeautifullyaccessible，ifyoubearroundtothewestside，——afinesaddle—shapedbitofcleargroundthere，inshapeliketheoutsideorseatofasaddle；DomitschWoodthecrupperpart；summitofthisHeightthepommel，onlynothinglikesosteep:——itishere（onthosouthernsaddle—flap，sotospeak），graduallymountingwestwardtothecrupper—and—pommelpart，thattheagonynowis。
Andhere，inutterdarkness，illuminatedonlybythemusketryandcannonblazes，thereensuedtwohoursofstiffwrestlinginitskind:notthefiercestspasmofall，butthefinalwhichdecidedall。Lestwitz，Hulsen，comesweepingon，ledbythesoundandthefire；"beatingthePrussianmarch，they，"sharplyonalltheirdrums，——Prussianmarch，rat—tat—tan，sharplythroughthegloomofChaosinthatmanner；andjointhemselves，withnomistakemade，toMollendorf’s，toZiethen’sleftandthesaddle—flapthere，andfallon。Thenightispitch—dark，saysArchenholtz；youcannotseeyourhandbeforeyou。OldHulsen’sbridle—horseswereallshotaway，whenheheardthisalarm，faroff:nohorseleft；andheisold，andhashisownbruises。Heseatedhimselfonacannon；andsorides，andarrives；rightwelcomethesightofhim，doubtnot！
Andthefightragesstillforanhourormore。
ToanobservantMollendorf，watchingaboutallday，theimportanceandall—importanceofSiptitzSummit，ifitcanbegot，isprobablyknown；toDaunitisalarminglywellknown，whenhehearsofit。
DauniszealouslyurgentonLacy，onO’Donnell；whodotrywhattheycan；sendreinforcements，andthelike；butnothingthatprovesuseful。O’Donnellisnotthemanforsuchacrisis:
Lacy，too，itisremarked，hasalwaysbeenmoreexpertinduckingoutofFriedrich’swaythaninfightinganybody。[Archenholtz’ssourremark。]Infine，suchisthetotaldarkness，thedifficulty，theuncertainty，mostorallofthereinforcementssenthaltedshort，inthebellyoftheNight，uncertainwhere；andtheirpoorfriendsgotaltogetherbeatenanddrivenaway。