"Ugh！Faugh！"growledheangrily，onhearingwhat；andwouldnotlodgeintheTown，butharnessedagain，anddrovefartherthatsamenight。Theclubisnowgone；butZisca’sdustliesthereirremovabletillDoomsday，inthelandwherehislimbsweremade。
　　Agreatbehemothofawar—captain；oneofthefiercest，inflexiblest，ruggedestcreaturesevermadeintheformofman。
　　DevouredPriests，withappetite，whereverdiscoverable:
　　DishonorersofhisSister；murderersoftheGod’s—witnessJohnHuss；themmayalltheDevilshelp！BeatKaiserSigismundSUPRA—
　　GRAMMATICAMagainandeveragain，scatteringtheKitterhostsinanextraordinarymanner；——aZiscaconquerableonlybyDeath，andthePest—Feverpassingthatway。
　　Hisbirthplace，Troznow，isavillageintheBudweisneighborhood，100milestosouth。There，forthreecenturiesafterhim，stood"Zisca’sOak"（undershadeofwhich，hismother，takensuddenlyontheharvest—field，hadborneZisca）:aweirdobject，gateofHeavenandofOrcustothesuperstitiouspopulationsabout。AtmidnightontheHallow—Eve，darksmithswouldrepairthither，tocutatwigoftheZiscaOak:twigofitput，attherightmoment，underyourstithy，insuresgoodluck，lendspithtoarmandheart，whichisalreadygoodluck。SothataBishopofthoseparts，beingofsomeculture，hadtocutitdown，aboveahundredyearsago，——andbuildsomeChapelinitsstead；noOaktherenow，butanorthodoxInscription，notdatedthatIcouldsee。[Hormayr，
　　OEsterreichischerPlutarch，iii。（3tes），110—145。]
　　FriedrichdidnotmuchpursuetheAustriansafterthisVictory；
　　havingclearedtheCzaslauregionofthem，hecontinuedthere（atKuttenbergmainly）；anddirectedallhisindustrytogettingPeacemade。HisexperiencesofBroglio，andofwhathelpwaslikelytobehadfromBroglio，——whomhisCourt，asFriedrichchancedtoknow，hadordered"tokeepwellclearoftheKingofPrussia，"——hadnotbeenflattering。BeateninthisBattle，Broglio’scharitywouldhavebeenaweakreedtoleanupon:heishappytoinformBroglio，thatthoughkeptwellclearof，heisnotbeaten。
　　MAPGOESHERE———Bookxiii，page164————
　　BlusteringBrogliomighthaveguessedthatHEnowwouldhavetolooktohimself。Buthedidnot；hiseyesnaturallydimandbad，beingdazzledatthistime，by"anever—gloriousvictory"（soBrogliothinksit）ofhisownachieving。Broglio，somecoupleofdaysafterCzaslau，hadmarchedhastilyoutofPragforBudweisquarter，whereLobkowitzandtheAustrianswereunexpectedlybestirringthemselves，andthreateningtocapturethat"CastleofFrauenberg"（mythicoldHill—castleamongwoods），Broglio’schiefpostinthoseregions。Broglio，May24th，hasfoughtahandsomeskirmish（thankspartlytoBelleisle，whochancedtoarrivefromFrankfurtjustinthenickoftime，andjoinedBroglio）:SkirmishofSahay；magnifiedinalltheFrenchgazettesintoaVictoryofSahay，victorylittleshortofPharsalia，saysFriedrich；——thecompleteaccountofwhich，forgottennowbyallcreatures，istobereadinhimtheycallMauvillon；[GuerredeBoheme，ii。204。]andmakesaprettyenoughpieceoffence，onthesmallscale。LobkowitzhadtogiveuptheFrauenbergenterprise；
　　andcrosstoBudweisagain，tillnewforceshouldcome。
　　"WhynotdrivehimoutofBudweis，"thinktheTwoFrenchMarshals，"himandwhateverforcecancome？IfthoseluckyPrussianswouldco—operate，andthoseunluckySaxons，howeasywereit！"——BelleislesetsofftopersuadeFriedrich，topersuadeSaxony（andweshallseehimontheroute）；Brogliowaitingsublime，onthehithersideoftheMoldau，wellwithinwindofBudweis，tillBelleisleprevail，andreturnwithsaidco—operation，WhatbecameofBroglio，waitinginthissublimemanner，weshallalsohavetosee；butperhapsnotforagreatwhileyet（cannotpauseonsuchabsurdphenomenayet），——thoughBroglio’scatastropheisitselfathingimminent；and，withinsometendaysofthatastonishingVictoryofSahay，astonishespoorBrogliothereverseway。Amanbornforsurprises！
　　ChapterXIV。
　　PEACEOFBRESLAU。
　　Inactuallossofmenorofground，theresultsofthatChotusitzAffairwerenotofdecisivenature。Butithadbeenfoughtwithobstinacy；withgreatfuryontheAustrianside（who，asitwere，hadabetuponiteversinceFebruary25th），BritannicGeorge，andalltheworld，lookingon:and，indispiritmentanddiscredittothebeatenparty，itsresultswereconsiderable。Thevoiceofalltheworld，declaringthroughitsGazetteerEditors，"YoucannotbeatthosePrussians！"voiceconfirmedbyone’sownsadthoughts:——
　　insuchsoundingoftheramshornsroundone’sJericho，thereisalwaysastrangeinfluence（whatiscalledpanic，asifPanorsomegodwereinit），andone’sJerichoistheaptertofall！
　　AmongtheAustrianPrisoners，therewasaGeneralPallandt，mortallywoundedtoo；whomFriedrich，accordingtocustom，treatedwithhisbesthumanity，thoughallhelpwashopelesstopoorPallandt。CallingonedayatPallandt’ssick—couch，Friedrichwassosympathetic，humaneandnoble，thatPallandtwastouchedbyit；
　　andsaid，"WhatapityyournobleMajestyandmynobleQueenshouldruinoneanother，forasetofFrenchintruders，whoplayfalseeventoyourMajesty！""False？"Friedrichinquiresfarther:
　　Pallandt，amanfamiliaratCourt，hasseenaLetterfromFleurytotheQueenofHungary，conclusiveastoFleury’sgoodfaith；willundertake，ifpermitted，togethisMajestyasightofit。
　　Friedrichpermits；theFleurylettercomes；totheeffect:"Makepeacewithus，OQueen；withyourPrussianneighboryoushallmake——whatsuitsyou！"Friedrichread；learnedconclusively，whatperhapshehadalreadyasgoodasknownotherwise；anddrewtheinference。[Helden—Geschichte，ii。633；
　　Hormayr，Anemonen，ii。186；Adelung，iii。A，149n。]ActualcopyofthisletterthemostardentGazetteercuriositycouldnotattainto，atthatepoch；butthePallandtstoryseemstohavebeentrue；——andastotheFleuryletterinsuchcircumstances，copiesofvariousFleuryletterstothelikepurportarestillpublicenough；andFleury’sprivateintentions，alreadyguessedatbyFriedrich，areinourtimeasecrettonobodythatinquiresaboutthem。
　　Certainenough，PeacewithFriedrichisnowontheway；andcannotwelllinger:——whatprospecthasAustriaotherwise？ItsverysuppliesfromEnglandwillbestopped。Hyndfordredoubleshisdiligence；BritannicMajestyreiteratesatVienna:"DidnotItellyou，Madam；thereisnohopeorpossibilitytillthesePrussiansareoffourhands！"TowhichherHungarianMajesty，asthebargainwas，nowsorrowfullyassents；sorrowfully，unwillingly，——andalwayslaystheblameonhisBritannicMajestyafterwards，andbringsitupagainasagreatfavorshehaddoneHIM。"DidnotIgiveupmyinvaluableSilesia，thejewelofmycrown，foryou，cruelBritannicMajestywiththebigpurse，andnohearttospeakof？"Thissheurgesalways，onsubsequentoccasions；thehigh—souledLady；
　　reproachfulofthepatient，big—pursedlittleGentleman，whoneveranswersashemight，"ForME，Madam？Well——！"Inshort，Hyndford，PodewilsandtheViennaExcellenciesarebusy。
　　OfthesenegotiationswhichgoonatBreslau，andoftheacresofdespatchcs，English，Austrian，andother，letusnotsayoneword。
　　EnoughthattheTreatyisgettingmade，andrapidly，——thoughmilitaryoffencesdonotquitecease；cloudsofAustrianPandourshoveringabouteverywhereinPrinceKarl’srear；pouncingdownuponPrussianoutposts，convoys，mostlytolittlepurpose；hoping（whatprovesquitefutile）theymayevenburnaPrussianmagazinehereorthere。ContemptibletothePrussiansoldier，thoughverytroublesometohim。FriedrichregardsthePandoursort，withtheirjinglingsavagery，asakindofmilitaryvermin；notconceivableaPrussianformedcorpsshouldyieldtoanyoddsofPandourTolpatchtagraggery。NordoesthePrussiansoldieryield；thoughsometimes，likethemastiffgalledbyinroadofdistractedweaselsintoogreatquantity，hemayhavehisowndifficulties。WitnessColonelRetzowandtheMagazineatPardubitz（"daybreak，May24th"）VERSUS
　　theinfinitudeofsuddenTolpatchery，burstingfromthewoods；
　　rabidenoughformanyhours，butineffectual，uponPardubitzandRetzow。AdistinguishedColonelthis；ofwhomweshallhearagain。
　　WhosestyleofNarrative（modest，clear，grave，brief），muchmore，whosevigilantinexpugnableprocedureontheoccasion，ismuchtobecommendedtothemilitaryman。[GiveninSeyfarth，
　　Beylage，i。548etseqq。]Friedrich，thebettertocoverhisMagazines，andbeoutofsuchannoyances，fellbackalittle；graduallytoKuttenbergagain（Tolpatcheryvanishing，ofitsowmaccord）；andlayencampedthere，head—quartersintheSchlossofMaleschaunearby，——tilltheBreslauNegotiationscompletedthemselves。
　　PrinceKarl，fringedwithTolpatcheryinthismanner，butwithmuchdesertion，muchdispiritment，inhismainbody，——theHOOPSuponhimallloose，sotospeak，——staggerszigzagbacktowardsBudweis，andtheLobkowitzPartythere；intendingnothingmoreuponthePrussians；——capablenow，thinksomeNON—Prussians，ofbeingwellsweptoutofBudweis，andoverthehorizonaltogether。IfonlyhisPrussianMajestywillco—operate！thinksBelleisle。"YourKingofPrussiawillnot，M。leMarechal！"answersBroglio:——No，indeed；hehastriedthattradealready，M。leMarechal！thinkBroglioandwe。
　　ThesuspicionsthatFriedrich，soquiescentafterhisChotusitz，ismakingPeace，arerifeeverywhere；especiallyinBroglio’sheadandoldFleury’s；thoughBelleislepersistswithemphasis，officiallyandprivately，intheoppositeopinion，"Husht，Messieurs！"Bettergoandsee，however。
　　Belleisledoesgo；startsforKuttenberg，forDresden；hisbeautifulBudweisprojectnowready，Frenchreinforcementsstreamingtowardsus，hearthighagain，——ifonlyFriedrichandtheSaxonswillco—operate。Belleisle，theTwoBelleisles，withValoriandCompany，arrivedJune2datKuttenberg，attheSchlossofMaleschau；——"spokelittleofChotusitz，"saysStille；"andwerenoneofthematthepainstoridetotheground。"MarechalBelleisle，forthenextthreedays，hadotherwisespeechofFriedrich；especially，onJune5th，aremarkableDialogue。
　　"Won’tyourMajestyco—operate？""Alas，MonseigneurdeBelleisle——"
　　HowgladlywouldwegivethislastDialogueofFriedrich’sandBelleisle’s，oneofthemostticklishconceivable:butthereisnotanywheretheleastrecordofitthatcanbecalledauthentic；——andwelearnonlythatFriedrich，withconsiderabledistinctness，gavehimtoknow，"clearly"（sayalltheBooks，exceptFriedrich’sown），thatco—operationwashenceforthathingofthepreter—pluperfecttense。"AllthatIeverwanted，morethanIeverdemanded，Austrianowoffers；cananyoneblamemethatIclosesuchabusinessasourshasallalongbeen，onsuchtermsasthesenowofferedmeare？"
　　Itissaid，andislikelyenough，thePallandt—FleuryLettercameup；asprobablytheMORAVIANFORAY，andvariousBrogliopassages，would，inthetrainofsaidLetter。Toallwhich，andtotheinexorablepainfulcorollary，Belleisle，inhishighleanway，wouldlistenwithasterngrandiosecomposure。Buttherumorsadd，OncomingoutintotheAnteroom，dialogueandsentencenowdone，MonseigneurdeBelleisletoretheperukefromhishead；andstampingonit，washeardtosayvolcanically，"Thatcursedparson，——CEMAUDITCALOTTE[oldFleury]，——hasruinedeverything！"
　　Perhapsitisnottrue？Iftrue，——thepromptvaletswouldquicklyreplaceMonseigneur’swig；chasinghislongstrides；andsilence，insodignifiedaman，wouldcloakwhateveremotionstherewere。
　　[Adelung，iii。A，154；&c。&c。GuerredeBoheme，（silentaboutthewig）admits，asallBooksdo，theperfectclearness；——compare，however，OEuvresdeFrederic；andalsoBroglio’sstrangedarkness，twelvedayslater，andBelleislenowbesidehimagain（CampagnesdesTroisMarechaux，v。190，191，ofdate17thJune）；——darknessdueperhapstothestrangehumorBrogliowasthenin？]Herolledoff，heandhis，straightwaytoDresden，theretoinviteco—operationintheBudweisProject；therealsoinvain。——
　　"CO—operation，"M。leMarechal？Alas，ithasalreadycometooperation，ifyouknewit！AudyourBrogliois——BetterhurrybacktoPrag，whereyouwillfindphenomena！
　　June15th，FriedrichhasagranddinnerofGeneralsatMaleschau；
　　andsays，inproposingthefirstbumper，"Gentlemen，Iannouncetoyou，that，asIneverwishedtooppresstheQueenofHungary，I
　　haveformedtheresolutionofagreeingwiththatPrincess，andacceptingtheProposalsshehasmademeinsatisfactionofmyrights，"——tellingthemwithalwhatthechieftermswere，andpraisingmyLordHyndfordforhisgreatservices。Uponwhichwascongratulation，cordial，universal；and，withfullrummers，"HealthtotheQueenofHungary！"followedbyothersoftheliketype，"Grand—DukeofLorraine！"and"ThebravePrinceKarl！"especially。
　　Brevitybeingincumbentonus，weshallsayonlythattheHyndford—
　　Podewilsoperationshadbeenspeeded，dayandnight；broughttofinis，intheformofSignedPreliminaries，as"TreatyofBreslau，11thJune，1742；"andhadgonetoFriedrich’ssatisfactionineveryparticular。ThankstotheusefulHyndford，——tothewillingmindofhisBritannicMajesty，oncesoindignant，butmadewilling，naypassionatelyeager，byhisloveofHumanLibertyandthepressureofevents！ToHyndford，someweekshence，[2dAugust（Helden—Geschichte，ii。729）。]——Iconclude，onFriedrich’srequest，——therewasOrderoftheThistlesent；
　　andgrandestinvestitureeverseenalmost，donebyFriedrichuponHyndford（Jordan，Keyserling，Schwerin，andtheSwordofStatebusyinit；TwoQueensandalltheBerlinfirmamentlookingon）；
　　and，perhapsbetterstill，onFriedrich’sparttherewasgiftofaSilverDinner—Service；giftoftheRoyalPrussianArms（whichdoenricheversincetheShieldofthoseScottishCarmichaels，asdoubtlesstheDinner—ServicedoestheirPlate—chest）；andabundantpraiseandhonortotheusefulHyndford，heavyoffoot，butsure，whohadreachedthegoal。
　　ThiswelcomeTreaty，signedatBreslau，June11th，andconfirmedby"TreatyofBerlin，July28th，"inmoreexplicitsolemnmanner，totheself—sameeffect，canbereadbyhimthatruns（ifcompelledtoreadTreaties）；[InHelden—Geschichte，
　　i。1061—1064（TreatyofBreslau），ib。1065—1070（thatofBerlin）；
　　tobefoundalsoinWenck，Rousset，Scholl，Adeluug，&c。]theterms，incompressedform，are:——
　　1。"Silesia，LowerandUpper，tobeyondthewatershedandtheOppa—
　　stream，——reservingonlythePrincipalityofTeschen，withpertinents，whichusedtobereckonedSilesian，andtheulteriorMountain—tops[Mountain—topsgoodforwhat？thoughtFriedrich，ayearortwoafterwards！]——Silesiawholly，withinthoselimits，andfurthermoretheCountyGlatzanditsdependencies，areandremainthepropertyofFriedrichandofhisHeirsmaleorfemale；
　　givenup，andmadehis，toallintentsandpurposes，forevermore。
　　WithwhichFriedrich，tothelikelongdate，engagestorestsatisfied，andclaimnothingfartheranywhere。
　　2。"SilesianDutch—EnglishDebt[LoanofaboutTwoMillions，betterhalfofitEnglish，contractedbythelateKaiser，onSilesiansecurity，inthatdreadfulPolish—Electioncrisis，whentheSea—
　　Powerswouldnothelp，butleftittotheirStockbrokers]isundertakenbyFriedrich，whowillpayinterestonthesametillliquidated。
　　3。"Religiontostandwhereitis。PrussianMajestynottomeddleinthispresentorinotherWarsofherHungarianMajesty，exceptwithhisardentwishesthatGeneralPeacewouldensue，andthatallhisfriends，HungarianMajestyamongothers，werelivingingoodagreementaroundhim。"
　　ThisistheTreatyofBreslau（June11th，1742），or，insecondmoresolemnedition，TreatyofBerlin（July28thfollowing）；
　　signed，ratified，guaranteedbyhisBritannicMajestyforone，[TreatyofWestminster，betweenFriedrichaudGeorge，29th（18th）
　　November，1842（Scholl，ii。313）。]andfirmlyplantedontheDiplomaticadamant（atleastontheDiplomaticparchment）ofthisworld。Andnow:Homewards，then；march！——
　　Hugehuzzaing，herald—trumpeting，bob—major—ing，burstsforthfromallPrussianTowns，especiallyfromallSilesianones，inthoseJunedays，asthedrumsbeathomewards；elaborateIlluminations，intheshortnights；withbonfires，withtransparencies，——Transparencyinscribed"FREDERICOMAGNO（ToFriedrichTHEGREAT），"inonesmallinstance，stillofprematurenature。[Helden—Geschichte（ii。702—729）isendlessontheseIlluminations；
　　theJauercase，ofFREDERICOMAGNO（JauerinSilesia），isofJune15th（ib。712）。]
　　Omittingverymanythings，aboutSilesianFortresses，Army—Cantons，Silesiansettlements，militaryandcivil，whichwouldbutwearythereader，weaddonlythisfromBielfeld:dustyTransitofavictoriousMajesty，nowonthethresholdofhome。Precisedate（whichBielfeldprudentlyavoidsguessingat）isJuly11th，1742；
　　"M。dePollnitzandIareinthesuiteoftheKing:——
　　"Weneverstoppedontheroad，exceptsomehoursatFrankfurt—on—
　　Oder，wheretheFairwasjustgoingon。OnapproachingtheTown，wefoundthehighwaylinedonbothsideswithcrowdsoftraders，andotherstrangersofallnations；whohadcomeout，attractedbycuriositytoseetheconquerorofSilesia，andhadrangedthemselvesintworowsthere。HisMajesty’sentryintoFrankfurt，althoughaverytriumphantone，wasfarfrombeingostentatious。
　　Wepassedlikelightningbeforetheeyesofthespectators，andweweresocoveredwithdust，thatitwasdifficulttodistinguishthecolorofourcoatsandthefeaturesofourfaces。WemadesomepurchasesatFrankfurt；andarrivedsafelyintheCapital[nextday]，wheretheKingwasreceivedamidsttheacclamationsofhisPeople。"[Bielfeld，ii。51。]
　　HereisasuccessfulyoungKing；isnothe？HasplungedintotheMahlstromforhisjewelledgoldCup，andcomesupwithit，alive，unlamed。Willhe，likethatDIVERofSchiller’s，havetotrythefeatasecondtime？Perhapsasecondtime，andevenathird！——
　　EndofV13
　　HistoryofFriedrichIIofPrussiaV14
　　byThomasCarlyleBOOKXIV。
　　THESURROUNDINGEUROPEANWARDOESNOTEND。
　　August，1742—July，1744。
　　ChapterI。
　　FRIEDRICHRESUMESHISPEACEABLEPURSUITS。
　　Friedrich’sownPeacebeingmadeonsuchterms，hiswishandhopewas，thatitmightsoonbefollowedbyageneralEuropeanone；
　　that，thelive—coal，whichhadkindledthisWar，beingquenched，theWaritselfmightgoout。Silesiaishis；fartherinterestintheControversy，exceptthatitwouldenditselfinsomefairmanner，hehasnone。"Silesiabeingsettled，"thinkmany，thinksFriedrichforone，"whatelseofrealandsolidistheretosettle？"
　　TheEuropeanPublic，orbenevolentindividualsofiteverywhere，indulgedalsointhishope。"HowgloriousismyKing，theyoungestoftheKingsandthegrandest！"exclaimsVoltaire（inhisLetterstoFriedrich，atthistime），andre—exclaims，tillFriedrichhastointerfere，andpolitelystopit:"AKingwhocarriesintheonehandanall—conqueringsword，butintheotherablessedolive—
　　branch，andistheArbiterofEuropeforPeaceorWar！""FriedrichtheTHIRD[soVoltairecallshim，countingill，ormisledbyignoranceofGermannomenclature]，FriedrichtheThird，ImeanFriedrichtheGreat（FREDERICLEGRAND），"willdothis，anddothat；——probablythefirstemergenceofthatepithetinhumanspeech，asyetinaquiteprivatehypotheticway。[LettersofVoltaire，inOEuvresdeFrederic，xxii。100，&c。:thislastLetterisofdate"July，1742"——almostcontemporarywiththe"JauerTransparency"noticedabove。]OpinionsaboutFriedrich’sconduct，abouthistalents，hismoralities，thereweremany（allwideofthemark）:butthisseemedclear，Thattheweightofsuchaswordashis，thrownintoeitherscale，wouldbedecisive；andthatheevidentlynowwishedpeace。Anunquestionablefact，thatlatter！Wishedit，yes，rightheartily；andalsostrovetohope，——thoughwithlessconfidencethanthebenevolentoutsidePublic，asknowingtheinterioroftheelementsbetter。
　　Thesehopes，howfondtheywere，wenowallknow。True，myfriends，thelive—coalwhichkindledthisincendiarywhirlpool（ONEofthelive—coals，firstofthemthatspreadactualflameintheseEuropeanparts，andfirstofthemallexceptJenkins’sEar）isout，fairlywithdrawn；butthefire，youperceive，ragesnottheless。
　　Thefirewillnotquenchitself，Idoubt，tillthebitumen，sulphurandotherangryfuelhaverunmuchlower！Austriahasfightingmeninabundance，Englandbehindithasguineas；Austriahasgotinjuries，thensuccesses:——thereisinAustriawithaladumbpride，quiteequalinpretensionstothevocalvanityofFrance，andfarmorestubbornofhumor。TheFirstNationoftheUniverse，rashlyhurlingitsfine—throatedhunting—pack，orArmyoftheOriflamme，intoAustria，——seewhatasortofbadgers，andgloomilyindignantbears，ithasawakenedthere！Friedrichhadtotakearmsagain；
　　andanunwelcometaskitwastohim，andasoreandcostly。
　　Weshallbeobliged（whatisourgranddifficultyinthisHistory）
　　tonote，intheirorder，theseriesofEuropeanoccurrences；
　　and，tediousasthematternowis，keepreadersacquaintedwiththecurrentofthatbigWar；inwhich，exceptFriedrichbroadawake，andtheEarofJenkinsinsomnambulancy，thereisnownexttonothingtointerestahumancreature。
　　ItisanerrorstillprevalentinEngland，thoughlongsinceexplodedeverywhereelse，thatFriedrichwantednewwars，"newsuccessfulrobberies，"asourGazetteerscalledthem；anddidwilfullyplungeintothisWaragain，inthehopeofagaindoingastrokeinthatkind。Englishreaders，onconsultingthefactsalittle，willnothesitatetosweepthatnotionaltogetheraway。
　　Shadowofbasis，exceptintheirownangryuninformedimaginations，theywillfinditneverhad；andthatpreciselythereverseismanifestinFriedrich’sHistory。Aperfectlyclear—sightedFriedrich；abletodiscriminateshinefromsubstance；
　　andgravitatingalwaystowardsthesolid，theactual。Thatof"GLOIRE，"whichheownstoatstarting，wesawhowsoonitdiedout，chokedinthedirerealities。ThatofConqueringHero，intheMacedonia’s—madmanstyle，wasatalltimesfarfromhim，ifthereaderknewit，——perhapsneverfartherfromanyKingwhohadsuchallurementstoit，suchopportunitiesforit。ThishisFirstExpeditiontoSilesia——arushingouttoseizeyourownstolenhorse，whiletheoccasionanswered——wasavoluntaryone；produced，wemaysay，byFriedrich’sownthoughtandtheInvisiblePowers。
　　Buttherestwereallpurelycompulsory，——todefendthehorsehehadseized。Clearnecessities，andPowersveryVisible，weretheoriginofallhisotherExpeditionsandWarlikeStruggles，whichlastedtotheendofhislife。
　　Thatrecent"MoravianForay；"thejoint—stockprincipleinWarmatters；andtheterriblepassamanmightreducehimselfto，atthatenormousgaming—tableofthegods，ifhelingeredthere:
　　thinkwhatconsiderationsthesehadbeenforhim！Sothat"hislookbecameFAROUCHE，"inthesightofValori；andthespectreofRuinkepthimcompany，andsuchhell—dogswereinchaseofhim；——tillCzaslau，whenthedicefellkindagain！Allthishadbeendidacticonayoungdocileman。Hewasbutthirtygone。Andifreadersmarksuchdocilityatthoseyears，theywillfindconsiderablemeaninginit。Hereareprudence，moderation，cleardiscernment；
　　veryunusualVERACITYofintellect，aswedefineit，——whichquality，indeed，isthesummaryandvictoriousoutcomeofallmannerofgoodqualities，andfaithfulperformances，inaman。
　　"Givenuptostrongdelusions，"inthetragicalwaymanyare，Friedrichwasnot；and，inpracticalmatters，veryseldomindeed"believedalie。"
　　Certainitis，henowresumeshisoldReinsbergProgramofLife；
　　probablywithdoublerelish，aftersuchexperiencestheotherway；
　　andprosecutesitwiththeoldardor；hopingmuchthathisHistorywillbeofhalcyonpacificnature，afterall。WouldthemadWar—
　　whirlpoolbutquenchitself；dangerousforsingeinganearneighbor，whoisonlyjustgotoutofit！Fainwouldhebearbiter，andhelptoquenchit；butitwillnotquench。ForaspaceofTwoYearsormore（tillAugust，1744，Twenty—sixMonthsinall），Friedrich，busyonhisownaffairs，withcarefullyneutralaspecttowardsthisWar，yetwithswordreadyfordrawingincaseofneed，looksonwithintensevigilance；usinghiswisestinterference，nottooofteneither，inthatsenseandinthatonly，"BeatPeace；oh，cometoPeace！"——andfindsthatthebenevolentPublicandhehavebeenmistakenintheirhopes。ForthenextTwoYears，wesay:——forthefirstYear（ortillaboutAugust，1743），withhopenotmuchabated，andlittleactualinterferenceneeded；forthelatterTwelvemonth，withhopeevermoreabating；interference，warning，almostthreateningevermoreneeded，andyetofnoavail，asiftheyhadbeenidletalkingandgesticulationonhispart:——till，inAugust，1744，hehadto——Butthereadershallgraduallyseeit，ifbyanymethodwecanshowithim，insomethingofitsrealsequence；andshalljudgeofitbyhisownlight。
　　Friedrich’sDomesticHistorywasnotofnoisynature，duringthisinterval:——andindeedinthebewilderedRecordsgivenofit，thereisnothingvisible，atfirst，butonewidevortexofsimmeringinanities；leadingtothedesperateconclusionthatFriedrichhadnodomestichistoryatall。Whichlatterisbynomeansthefact！
　　YourpoorPrussianDryasdust（withoutevenanIndextohelpyou）
　　beingatleastauthentic，ifyoulookalongtimeintenselyandonmanysides，featuresdoatlastdawnoutofthosesadvortexes；
　　andyoufindtheoldReinsbergProgramrisentoactivityagain；
　　andallmannerofpeaceableprojectsgoingon。FriedrichvisitstheBathsofAachen（whatwecallAix—la—Chapelle）；hastheusualInspections，businessactivities，recreations，visitsoffriends。
　　HeopenshisOpera—House，thisfirstwinter。HeentersonLaw—
　　reform，strikesdecisivelyintothatgrandproblem；hopingtoperfectit。Whatisstillmoresignificant，heinprivatebeginswritinghisMEMOIRS。Andfurthermore，graduallydeterminesonhavingalittleCountryHouse，placeofescapefromhisbigPotsdamPalace；andgetsplansdrawnforit，——placewhichbecameveryfamous，bythenameofSANS—SOUCI，intimescoming。Histhoughtsarewhollypacific；ofLifetoMinervaandtheArts，nottoBellonaandtheBattles:——andyetheknowswell，thislattertooisaninexorableelement。AbouthisArmy，heisquietlybusy；
　　augmenting，improvingit；thestaffoflifetoPrussiaandhim。
　　SilesianFortress—building，underuglyWalrave，goesonatasteadilyswiftrate。MuchSilesiansettlementgoeson；fixingofthePrussian—AustrianBoundarieswithout；oftheCatholic—
　　Protestantlimitswithin:rapid，nottoorough，remodellingoftheProvincefromAustrianintoPrussian，intheFinancial，Administrativeandeveryotherrespect:——inallwhichimportantoperationsthesuccesswasnoiseless，butisconsideredtohavebeenperfect，ornearlyso。Cannotwe，fromtheseenormousPaper—
　　masses，carefullyriddled，affordthereaderaglimpseortwo，toquickenhisimaginationofthesethings？
　　SETTLESTHESILESIANBOUNDARIES，THESILESIANARRANGEMENTS；
　　WITHMANIFESTPROFITTOSILESIAANDHIMSELF。
　　InregardtotheMarches，HerrNussler，asnatural，wasagainthepersonemployed。Nussler，shiftysoul，wide—awakeatalltimes，hasalreadyseenthisCountry；"noticedthePassintoGlatzwithitsblock—house，andperceivedthathisMajestywouldwantit。"
　　FromSeptember22dtoDecember12th，1742，theactualOperationwenton；ratified，completelysetatrest，16thJanuaryfollowing。
　　[Busching，Beitrage，？Nussler:andBusching’sMagazin，b。x。（Halle，1776）；
　　where，pp。475—538，isa"GESCHICHTEDER&c。SHLESISCHEN
　　GRANZSCHEIDUNGIMJAHR1742，"ingreatamplitudeandauthenticity。]
　　Nusslerservesonthreethalers（nineshillings）aday。
　　TheAustrianHead—Commissionerhas5pounds（thirtythalers）aday；
　　butheisanelderlyfatgentleman，pursy，scantofbreath；
　　cannotstandtherapidgallopingabout，andthousand—foldinspectinganddetailing；leavesitalltoNussler；whogoeslikethewind。Thus，forexample，Nusslerdictates，ateveningfromhissaddle，themutualProtocoloftheday’sdoings；OldPursysittingby，impatientforsupper，andmakingnocriticisms。Thenatnight，Nusslerprivatelymountsagain；privately，bymoonlight，gallopsoverthegroundtheyaretodealwithnextday，andtakesnoticeofeverything。Nowondertheboundary—pillars，setupinsuchmanner，whichstandtothisday，bearmarksthatPrussiahereandtherehashadfairplay！——PoorNusslerhasnofixedappointmentyet，exceptoneofabout100poundsayear:inallmytravelsIhaveseennomanofequalfacultyatlowerwages。Nordidheevergetanysignalpromotion，ortheleastexuberanceofwages，thispoorNussler；——
　　unlessitbethathegottrainedtoperfectveracityofworkmanship，andtobeamanwithoutdry—rotinthesoulofhim；
　　whichindeedisincalculablewages。Incomeof100poundsayear，andnodry—rotinthesoulofyouanywhere；incomeof100，000
　　poundsayear，andnothingbutdryandwetrotinthesoulofyou（uglyappetitesunveracities，blusterousconceits，——andprobably，assymbolofallthings，apot—bellytoyourpoorbodyitself）:
　　Oh，myfriends！
　　InsettlingtheSpiritualorinternalCatholic—ProtestantlimitsofSilesia，Friedrichdidalsoaworkmanlikething。PerfectfairnessbetweenProtestantandCatholic；tothatheisbound，andneverneededbinding。ButitiswithalhisintentiontobeKinginCatholicSilesia；andthatnoHolyFather，orotherextraneousindividual，shallintrudewithinconvenientpretensionsthere。
　　HeaccordinglynominatesthenowBishopofNeisseandnaturalPrimateofSilesia，——CardinalvonSinzendorf，whohasmadesubmissionforanylateAustrianpeccadilloes，andthoroughlyreconciledhimself，——nominatesSinzendorf"Vicar—General"oftheCountry；whoistorelievethePopeofSilesiantrouble，andbehimselfQuasi—SupremeoftheCatholicChurchthere。"Nooffence，HolyPapaofChristianMankind！Yourholyreligionis，andshallbe，intactintheseparts；butthepalliums，bullsandotherholywaresandinterferencesarenotneededhere。Onthatfooting，bepleasedtorestcontent。"
　　TheHolyFathershriekedhisloudest（whichisnowaquitecalculableloudness，nothinglikesoloudasitoncewas）；
　　declaredhewould"himselfjointheArmyofMartyrssooner；"
　　andsummonedSinzendorftoRome:"WhatkindofHINGEareyou，CARDINALISoftheGatesof"——Husht！Shriekedhisloudest，wesay；
　　but，asnobodymindedit，andasSinzendorfwouldnotcome，hadtoletthemattertakeitscourse。[Adelung，iii。A。197—200。]
　　And，graduallynoticingwhatcorrectobservanceofessentialstherewas，heevencamequiteround，intoahighstateofsatisfactionwiththisHereticKing，inthecourseofafewyears。FriedrichandthePopewereverypolitetoeachotherthenceforth；alwaysreadytodolittlemutualfavors。Anditistoberemarked，Friedrich’smanagementofhisClergy，ProtestantandCatholic，wasalwaysexcellent；true，inaconsiderabledegree，tothereallawofthings；gentle，butstrict，andwithoutshadowofhypocrisy，——
　　inwhichlastfineparticularheissingularlyuniqueamongModernSovereigns。
　　HerecognizeshonestlytheusesofReligion，thoughhehimselfhaslittle；takesagooddealofpainswithhisPreachingClergy，fromtheArmy—Chaplainupwards，——willsuggesttextstothem，withschemeofsermon，onoccasion；——isalwaysanxioustohave，asClericalFunctionary，therightmanintheimportantplace；andfortherest，expectstobeobeyedbythem，asbyhisSergeantsandCorporals。Indeed，thereverendmenfeelthemselvestobeabodyofSpiritualSergeants，CorporalsandCaptains；towhomobedienceistherule，anddiscontentathingnottobeindulgedinbyanymeans。Anditisworthnoticing，howwelltheyseemtothriveinthiscompletelysubmissiveposture；howmuchrealChristianworthistraceableintheirlaborsandthem；andwhatafundofpietyandreligiousfaith，inruggedeffectualform，existsintheArmiesandPopulationsofsuchaKing。["In1780，atBerlin，thepopulationbeing140，000，thereareofECCLESIASTICkindonly140；thatis1tothe1，000；——atMunchentherearethirtytimesasmanyinproportion"（Mirabeau，MonarchiePrussienne，
　　viii。342；quotingNICOLAI）。]……
　　BydegreestheMunchowsandOfficialPersonsintrustedwithSilesiagotitwroughtinallrespects，financial，administrative，judicial，secularandspiritual，intothePrussianmodel:alongtoughjob；butonethatprovedwellworthdoing。[InPreuss（i。197—200），thevarioussteps（from1740to1806）。]Inthisstate，countsoneauthority，itwasworthtoPrussia"aboutsixtimeswhatithadbeentoAustria；"——fromsomeotherforgottensource，Ihaveseenthecomputation"eighttimes。"Inmoneyrevenue，attheendofFriedrich’sreign，itisalittlemorethantwice；the"eighttimes"andthe"sixtimes，"whicharebutloosemultiples，refer，Isuppose，topopulation，trade，increaseofnationalwealth，ofnewregimentsyieldedbynewcantons，andthelike。[Westphalen，inFeldzugedesHerzogsFerdinand（printed，Berlin，1859，written100yearsbeforebythatwell—informedperson），i。65，saysintherough"sixtimes:"
　　Preuss，iv。292，gives，veryindistinctly，theciphersofRevenue，in1740andSOMElaterYear:accordingtoFriedrichhimself（Oeuvres，ii。102），theSilesianRevenueatfirstwas"3，600，000thalers"（540，000pounds，littlemorethanHalfaMillion）；Population，aMillion—and—Half。]
　　SixoreighttimesasusefultoPrussia:andtotheInhabitantswhatmultipleofusefulnessshallwegive？Tobegovernedonprinciplesfairandrational，thatistosay，conformabletoNature’sappointmentinthatrespect；andtobegovernedonprincipleswhichcontradicttheveryrulesofCocker，andwithimpiousdisbeliefoftheveryMultiplicationTable:theoneisaperpetualGospelofCosmosandHeaventoeveryunitofthePopulation；theotheraGospelofChaosandBeelzebubtoeveryunitofthem:thereisnomultipletobefoundinArithmeticwhichwillexpressthat！——Certainoftheseadvantages，inthenewGovernment，areseenatonce；others，thestillmorevaluable，donotappear，exceptgraduallyandaftermanydaysandyears。Withtheoneandtheother，Schlesienappearstohavebeentolerablycontent。
　　FromthatYear1742tothis，SchlesienhasexpressedbywordandsymptomnothingbutthankfulnessfortheTransferitunderwent；
　　andthereis，forthelastHundredYears，nopartofthePrussianDominionmoreloyaltotheHohenzollerns（whoaretheAuthorsofPrussia，withoutwhomPrussiahadneverbeen），thanthistheirlatestacquisition，whenonceittoogotmouldedintotheirownimage。[Preuss，i。193，andib。200（NotefromKlein，aSilesianJurist）:"Favornotmeritformerly；""MagistraciesaregularbranchofTRADE；"——"highwayrobbersonastrangelyfamiliarfootingwiththeoldBreslaumagistrates；"&c。&c。]
　　OPENINGOFTHEOPERA—HOUSEATBERLIN……December7th，thisWinter，Carnivalbeingcomeorjustcoming，FriedrichopenshisNewOpera—House，forbehoofofthecultivatedBerlinclasses；afineEdifice，whichhadbeendiligentlybuiltbyKnobelsdorf，whilethoseSilesianbattlingswenton。"OneofthelargestandfinestOpera—housesinthewholeworld；likeasumptuousPalacerather。Standsfreeonallsides，spacefor1，000
　　Coachesroundit；FivegreatEntrances，fivepersonscanwalkabreastthrougheach；andinside——youshouldsee，youshouldhear！
　　Boxesmorelikeroomsorboudoirs，freeviewandperfecthearingofthestagefromeverypoint:airpureandfreeeverywhere；
　　wateraloft，notonlyfortheatricalcascades，buttodrownoutanyfireorriskoffire。"[Seyfarth，i。234；Nicolai，
　　BeschreibungvonBerlin，i。169。]ThisisSeyfarth’saccount，stillcapableofconfirmationbytravellingreadersofamusicalturn。IhaveseenOperaswithmuchmorebrilliancyofgasandgilding；butnonenearlysoconvenienttothehumanmindandsense；orwheretheaudience（notnowagratisone）attendedtothemusicinsomeritoriousaway。
　　"PerhapsitwillattractmoneyedstrangerstofrequentourCapital？"——someguess，thatwasFriedrich’sthought。"Atallevents，itisahandsomepieceofequipage，foramusicalKingandPeople；nottobeneglectedinthecircumstances。Thalia，ingeneral，——letusnotneglectThalia，insuchadearthofworshipableobjects。"NordidheneglectThalia。ThetroubleFriedrichtookwithhisOpera，withhisDancing—Apparatus，FrenchComedy，andtherestofthataffair，wasverygreat。Muchgreater，surely，thanthisEditorwouldhavethoughtoftaking；though，onreflection，hedoesnotpresumetoblame。Theworldisdreadfullyscantofworshipableobjects:andifyourTheatreisyourown，tosweepawayintrusivenonsensecontinuallyfromthegatesofit？
　　Friedrich’sOperacostshimheavysums（surelyIonceknewapproximatelywhat，butthesibyllineleafisgoneagainuponthewinds！）——andheadmitsgratisaselectpublic，andthatonly。
　　[Preuss，i。277；andPreuss，BuchfurJedermann，i。100。]"ThisWinter，1742—43，wasunusuallymagnificentatCourt:balls，WIRTHSCHAFTEN[kindofMIMICFAIRS]，sledge—parties，masquerades，andtheatricalsofallsorts；——andonceeven，December2d，thenewGoldenTable—Service[costofit200，000pounds]wasinaction，whenthetwoQueens[QueenRegnantandQueenMother]dinedwithhisMajesty。"
　　FRIEDRICHTAKESTHEWATERSATAACHEN，WHEREVOLTAIRECOMESTOSEEHIM。
　　MonthsbeforethatoftheOpera—HouseorthoseSilesiansettlements，Friedrich，intheendofAugust，whatisthefirstthingvisibleinhisDomesticHistory，makesavisit，forhealth’ssake，toAachen（Aix—la—Chapellesocalled），withaviewtothewatersthere。Intendstotryforalittleimprovementinhealth，asthebasisofulteriorthings。HealthhasnaturallysufferedalittleintheseWar—hardships；andtheDoctorsrecommendAix。
　　AfterWesel，andtheWestphalianInspections，Friedrich，accordingly，proceedstoAix；andforaboutafortnight（23thAugust—9thSeptember）drinksthewatersinthatoldresting—placeofCharlemagne；——particularsnotgivenintheBooks；exceptthat"helodgedwithBaege"（ifanymortalnowknewBaege），anddidanAudienceorsotoselectpersonsnowunknown。Heisnotentirelyincognito，butiswithoutroyalstate；the"guardoftwentymen，theescortof160men，"beingnomenofhis，butpresumablymereTown—guardofAixcominginanhonoraryway。Aixisproudtoseehim；hehimselfisintentonthewatershereatoldAix:——
　　Aquisgranum，urbsregalis，SedesRegniprincipalis:——
　　）
　　Myfriend，thiswasCharlemagne’shighplace；andhisdustlieshere，thesethousandyearslastpast。Andthereusedtosoar"averylargeGiltEagle，"tenfeetwideorso，aloftontheCathedral—steeplethere；EagleturnedsouthwardwhentheKaiserwasinFrankenland，eastwardwhenhewasinTeutschorTeuton—land；
　　infact，pointingouttheKaiser’swhereaboutstoloyalmankind。
　　[Kohler，Reichs—Historie。]Eaglewhichshinesonmeasahumanfact；luminouslygilt，throughthedarkDryasdusticAges，goneallspectralunderDryasdust’ssadhandling。
　　Friedrichknowsfarther，thatformanycenturiesafter，the"Reich’sINSIGNIA（REICHS—KLEINODIEN）"usedtobehere，——thoughMariaTheresahasthemnow，andwillnotgivethemup。Thewholeofwhichpointsareindifferenttohim。Thepractical，notthesentimental，isFriedrich’sinterest；——nottosaythatWERTERandthesentimentalwerenotyetbornintoourafflictedEarth。AKingthoroughlypractical；——yetanexquisiteplayerontheflutewithal，asweoftennotice；whoseadagiocoulddrawtearsfromyou。Forinhimself，too，therewerefloodsoftears（aswhenhisMotherdied）；
　　andhehasbeenheardsaying，notbraggingbutlamenting，whatwastrulythefact，that"hehadmorefeelingthanothermen。"Butitwashonesthumanfeelingalways；andwasrepressed，wherenotirrepressible；——asitbehoovedtobe。
　　Friedrich’ssuitewasnotconsiderable，saystheFrenchspyatAixonthisoccasion；pompofEntrance，——athingtobemuteupon！
　　"Camedrivinginwiththecommonpost—horsesofthecountry；
　　andsuchasetofcarriagesasyourLordship，intentonthesublime，hasnoideaof。"[Spy—Letter，inCampagnesdesTroisMarechaux，i。222。]Rumorwas，HisBritannicMajestywascoming（alsoonpretextofthewaters）toconferwithhim；otherrumoris，IfKingGeorgecameinatonegate，KingFriedrichwouldgooutattheother。AdubiousFriedrich，totheFrenchspy，atthismoment；nothinglikesoadmirableasheoncewas！——
　　TheFrenchemotions（ofwhichwesaylittle），onFriedrich’smakingPeaceforhimself，hadnaturallybeengreat。TotheFrenchPublicitwasunexpected，somewhatSUDDENeventotheCourt；and，sureenough，itwasofperilousimportanceinthecircumstances。
　　Fewdaysago，Broglio（byordergivenhim）"couldnotspareaman，"
　　fortheCommonCause；——andnowtheCommonCausehasbecomeentirelytheBroglioone，andBrogliowillhavethefulluseofallhismen！
　　"Defection[plainlytreasonoustoyourLiegeLordandNation]！
　　horribletothinkof！"criedtheFrenchPublic；theCourtoutwardlytakingaloftytragic—elegiactone，withsomeairofhopethathisPrussianMajestywouldperhapscomeroundagain，tothesideofhisafflictedFrance！Ofwhich，exceptinthewayofhelpingFranceandtheotherafflictedpartiestoajustPeaceifhecould，hisPrussianMajestyhadsmallthoughtatthistime。
　　MoreaffectingtoFriedrichwerethenaturalterrorsofthepoorKaiseronthisevent。TheKaiserhasalreadyhadhisMessengeratBerlin，inconsequenceofit；withurgentinquiries，entreaties；——
　　anexpertMessenger，whoknowsBerlinwell。Sootherthanouroldfriend，theOrdnance—MasterSeckendorf，nowtitularFeldmarschall，——whomoneismoresurprisedthandelightedtomeetagain！
　　BeingoutwithAustria（clamoringforgreatsumsof"arrears，"
　　whichtheywillnotpay），hehasbeenhangingaboutthisnewKaiser，eversinceElection—time；andisagaingettingintoemployment，Diplomatic，Strategic，forsomeyears，——thoughwehopemostlytoignorehimandit。Friedrich’sownfeelingatsightofhim，——asknotaboutit，morethaniftherehadbeennone！Friedrichgavehim"adistinguishedreception；"Friedrich’sanswersentbyhimtotheKaiserwasallkindness；emphaticassurance，"That，not’hostility’byanymeans，thatloyalty，friendship，andaidwhereverpossiblewithinthelimits，shouldalwaysbehisruletowardsthenowKaiser，lawfulHeadoftheReich，indifficultcircumstances。"["Audience，30thJuly"（Adelung，iii。A，217）。]
　　Whichwassomeconsolationtothepoorman，——striptofhisoldrevenues，oldBavarianDominions，andunprovidedwithnew；
　　thissublimeHeadshipoftheReichbringmoneyless；andone’snew"KingdomofBohemia"hanginginsouncertainastate，withnothingbutaPharsalia—Sahaytoshowforitself！——
　　AmongFriedrich’s"inconsiderablesuite，"atAachen，wasPrinceHenri（hisyoungestBrother，agenowsixteen，asmall，sensitive，shiveringcreature，butofuncommonparts）；andanotheryoungman，PrinceFerdinandofBrunswick，hisWife’syoungestBrother；
　　asoldier，asalltheBrothersare；soldierinFriedrich’sArmy，thisone；inwhosefineinarticulateeupepticcharacterareexcellentdispositionsandcapacitiesdiscernible。FerdinandgoesgenerallywiththeKing；muchabouthimintheseyears。AlltheBrothersfollowsoldiering；itistheonetradeofGermanPrinces。
　　Whenathome，FriedrichisstilloccasionallywithhisQueen；
　　wholivesatSchonhausen，intheenvironsofBerlin，butgoeswithhimtoCharlottenburg，tooldReinsberg；andhashershareofgalasinhiscompany，withtheQueenMotherandcognateHighnesses。
　　Anothersmallfact，stillmorememorableatpresent，is，ThatVoltairenowmadehimaThirdVisit，——privatelyonFleury’sinstance，asisevidentthistime。OfwhichVoltaireVisitreadersshallknowduly，byandby，whatlittleisknowable。But，alas，thereisfirstanimmensearrearofWar—matterstobringup；
　　towhich，stillmorethantoVoltaire，theafflictedreadermustaddresshimself，ifhewouldunderstandatallwhatFriedrich’sEnvironment，orcircumambientLife—elementnowwas，andhowFriedrich，wellorill，comportedhimselfinthesame。
　　Brevity，thisEditorknows，isextremelydesirable，andthatthescissorsshouldbemercilessonthosesadPaper—Heaps，intolerabletothemodernmind；but，unlessthemodernmindchancetoprefereaseanddarkness，whatcananEditordo！
　　ChapterII。
　　AUSTRIANAFFAIRSAREONTHEMOUNTINGHAND。
　　Austrianaffairsarenotnowintheirnadir—point；alongwhilenowsincetheypassedthat。Austria，toallappearancedead，startedup，andbegantostrikeforherself，withsomesuccess，theinstantWalpole’sSOUP—ROYAL（thatfirst200，000pounds，followedsincebyabundancemore）gottoherlips。Touchedherpoorpalelips；
　　andwenttinglingthroughher，likelifeandfieryelasticity，outofdeathbyinanition！Cardinalmoment，whichHistoryknows，butcanneverdate，exceptvaguely，sometimein1741；amongthelastactsofjudiciousWalpole。
　　Austria，thankstoitsownKhevenhullersanditsEnglishguineas，wasalreadyrisinginvariousquarters:andnowwhenthePrussianAffairissettled，Austriaspringsupeverywherelikeanelasticbodywiththepressuretakenfromit；mountssteadily，monthaftermonth，inpracticalsuccess，andinheightofhumorinastillhigherratio。AndinthecourseofthenextTwoYearsrisestoagreatheightindeed。Here——snatched，whoknowswithwhatdifficulty，fromthatshorelessbottomlesssloughofanAustrian—
　　SuccessionWar，deservedlyforgotten，andavoidedbyextantmankind——aresomeofthemoreessentialphenomena，whichFriedrichhadtowitnessinthosemonths。Towitness，toscanwithsuchintenseinterest，——rightly，athisperil；——andtointerpretasactual"Omens"forhim，asmonitionsofamostindisputablenature！
　　NoHaruspex，Isuppose，withorwithout"whitebeard，andlongstaffforcuttingtheHeavenlyVaultintocompartmentsfromthezenithdownwards，"could，inEtruriaorelsewhere，"watchtheflightofbirds，nowintothiscompartment，nowintothat，"withstricterscrutinythan，onthenewterms，didthisyoungKingfromhisPotsdamObservatory。
　　WAR—PHENOMENAINTHEWESTERNPARTS:KINGGEORGETRIES，ASECONDTIME，TODRAWHISSWORD；TUGSATITVIOLENTLY，FORSEVENMONTHS（February—October，1742）。
　　"Thefirstphenomenon，cheeringtoAustria，isthatoftheBritannicMajestyagainclutchingsword，withevidentintenttodrawitonherbehalf。[Tindal，xx。552；OldNewspapers；&c。&c。]
　　Besideshispotentsoup—royalofHalf—Millionsannually，theBritannicMajestyhasaconsiderablesword，say40，000，ofBritishandofsubsidized；——swordwhichcostshimagreatdealofmoneytokeepbyhisside；andagreatdealofclamorandinsolentgibingfromtheGazetteerspecies，becauseheisforcedtokeepitstrictlyinthescabbardhitherto。ThisYear，weobserve，hehasdeterminedagaintodrawit，intheCauseofHumanLiberty，whateverfollow。FromearlySpringthereweresymptoms:CampsonLexdenandotherHeaths，muchreviewinginHyde—Parkandelsewhere；
　　fromallcornersauniversalmarchingtowardstheKentCoast；
　　theaspectsbeingfavorable。’WecanbesiegeDunkirkatanyrate，cannotwe，yourHighMightinesses？Dunkirk，which，byalltheTreatiesinexistence，oughttoneednobesieging；butwhich，inspiteoftreatyingsinnumerable，alwaysdoes？’TheHighMightinessesanswernothingarticulate，languidlygrumblesomethinginOPTATIVEtone；——’meaningassent，’thinksthesanguinemind。
　　’Dutchhoistable，afterall！’thinkshe；’Dutchwillco—operate，iftheysawexampleset！’And，inEngland，theworkofembarkingactuallybegins。
　　"BritannicMajesty’spurpose，andevenfixedresolvetothiseffect，hadprecededthePrussian—AustrianSettlement。May20th，["9th"bytheOldNewspapers；butwealwaysTRANSLATEtheiro。s。]
　　’TworegimentsofFoot，’firstpoorinstalmentofBritishTroops，hadactuallylandedatOstend；——newsoftheBattleofChotusitz，muchmore，oftheAustrian—PrussianSettlement，orPeaceofBreslau，wouldmeetthemTHERE。Butafterthatlatterauspiciousevent，thingsstartintoquickanddouble—quicktime；andtheGazetteersgetvocal，almostlyrical:AboutHoward’sregiment，Ponsonby’sregiment，allmannerofregiments，offtoFlanders，forastrokeofwork；how’Ligonier’sDragoons[asetofwildswearingfellows，whomGuildfordishappytobequitof]rodethroughBromleywiththeirkettle—drumsgoing，andarethisdayatGravesendtotakeship；’"——ortogiveoneother，morespecificexample:
　　"Yesterday[3dJuly，1742]GeneralCampbell’sRegimentofScotchGreysarrivedintheBoroughofSouthwark，ontheirmarchtoDover，wheretheyaretoembarkforFlanders。Theyarefinehardyfellows，thatwantnoseasoning；andmakeanappearanceagreeabletoallbuttheinnkeepers，"——whohavesuchbilletingtodo，oflate。
　　[DailyPost，June23d（o。s。），1742。]
　　"GreyDragoons，"orRoyalScots—Greys，isthetitleofthisfineRegiment；andtheirColonelisLieutenant—GeneralJohnCampbell，afterwardsDukeofArgyle（fourthDuke），CousinofthegreatsecondDukeofArgylethatnowis。[Douglas，ScotchPeerage（Edinburgh，1764），p。44。]Visiblybilletingthere，inSouthwark，withsuchintentions:——and，byaccident，thisEditorknowsTwentyofthesefinefellows！Twentyorso，whohadgoneinonebatchasGreys；sonsofgoodAnnandaleyeomen，otherwisewithoutacareeropen:someTwoofwhomdidgetback，andlivedtobeoldmen；therumorofwhom，andoftheirunheard—ofadventures，wasstilllingeringintheair，whenthisEditorbeganexistence。
　　Pardon，Oreader！——
　　"But，allthroughthosehotdays，itisauniversaldrumming，kettle—drumming，coast—ward；preparationoftransportsatGravesend，atthetopofone’svelocity。’AllthecoopersinLondonareinrequisitionforwater—casks，sothatourverybrewershavetopauseastonishedforwantoftubs。’Thereispumpinginofwaterdayandnight，Sundaynotexcepted，thenthrowingofitoutagain[owingtonewcircumstances]:250saddle—horses，and100sumpterditto，forhisMajesty’sownuse，——theseneedadealofwater，nevertospeakofLigonierandtheGreys。’ForthehonorofourCountry，hisMajestywillmakeagranderappearancethisCampaignthananyofhisPredecessorseverdid；andastothemagnificenceofhisequipage，’——besidesthe350quadrupeds，’thereareabove100
　　richportmanteausgettingreadywithallexpedition。’
　　[DailyPost，September13th（I。E。26th）。]
　　TheFatBoytoo[RoyalHighnessDukeofCumberland，oneshouldsay]
　　istogo；amostbrave—hearted，flaxen—florid，plumpyoungcreature；hopefulSonofMars，couldheoncegetexperience，which，alas，henevercould，thoughtryingitforfive—and—twentyyearstocome，underhugeexpensetothisNation！Therearetobe16，000
　　troops，perhapsmore；’1，000sandbags’（emptyasyet）；
　　demolitionofDunkirkthethingaimedat。"IfonlytheDutchprovehoistable！——
　　"Andso，fromMayontoSeptember，itnoisilyproceeds，atmultiplexrates？andoftenwithmorehastethanspeed:andinsuchfivemonths（seven，strictlycounted）ofclangorousmovementanddead—liftexertion，therewereveritablygotacross，ofHorseandFootwiththeirequipments，thesurprisingnumberof’16，334men。’
　　[Adelung，iii。A，201。]May20thitbegan，——thatis，theembarkingbegan；thenoiseandbabbleaboutit，whichhavebeenincessanteversince，hadbeguninFebruarybefore；——andonSeptember26th，Ostend，nowalmostwearyofhuzzaingoverBritishglorybyinstalment，hadthejoyofseeingourfinalportionsofArtilleryarrive:SuchaParkofSiege—and—FieldArtillery，"exultstheGazetteer，"as"——asthesepoorcreaturesneverdreamtofbefore。
　　"MagnanimousLordStair，alreadyPlenipotentiarytotheDutch，istobeKing’sGeneral—in—ChiefofthisfineEnterprise；Carteret，anotherLordofsomerealbrilliancy，andperhapsofstillweightiermetal，isheadoftheCabinet；hearty，bothofthem，fortheseAnti—Frenchintentions:andthePubliccannotbutthink，Surelysomethingwillcomeofitthistime？MoreespeciallynowthatMaillebois，aboutthemiddleofAugust，byastrangeturnoffortune，issweptoutoftheway。Maillebois，lyingoverinWestphaliawithhis30or40，000，on’ChecktoyourKing’thisyearpast，had，onsightoftheseAnti—Dunkirkmovements，beenorderedtolookDunkirkway，andatlengthtomovethitherward，forprotectionofDunkirk。SothatStair，beforehisDunkirkbusiness，willhavetofightMaillebois；whichStairdoubtsnotmaybesatisfactorilydone。Butbehold，inAugustandearlier，comemarvellousnewsfromthePragquarter，tragicaltoFrance；
　　andMailleboisisoff，athisbestspeed，inthereversedirection；
　　onafarothererrand！"——Ofwhichreadersshallsoonhearenough。
　　"Dunkirk，therefore，isnowopen。With16，000Britishtroops，Hanoverianstothelikenumber，andHessians6，000，togethernear40，000，nottospeakofDutchatall，surelyonemightmanageDunkirk，ifnotsomethingstillbetter？ItisAFTERMaillebois’sdeparturethatthesedreadfulexertions，cooperingofwater—casks，pumpingallSunday，goonatGravesend:’Swift，oh，beswift，whiletimeis！’AndGeneralissimo—PlenipotentiaryStair，whohasrunoverbeforehand，isardentenoughupontheDutch；hiseloquencefieryandincessant:’MagnanimousHighMightinesses，wasthere，willthereagainbe，suchachance？TheCauseofHumanLibertymaybesecuredforever！Dunkirk——orwhatisDunkirkeven？BetweenusandParis，thereisnothing，nowthatMailleboisisoffonsuchanerrand！WhyshouldnotweplayMarlboronghagain，andteachthemalittlewhatInvasionmeans？Itisourselvesalonethatcanhinderit！Now，Isay，ornever！’
　　"StairwasapupilofMarlborough’s；isotherwiseashiningkindofman；andhasimmensethingsinhiseye，atthistime。Theysay，whatisnotunlikely，heproposedanInterviewwithFriedrichnowatAachen；wouldcomeprivately，to’takethewaters’foradayortwo，——whileMailleboiswasonhisnewerrand，andsuchacrisishadrisen。ButFriedrich，anxioustobeneutralandgivenooffence，politelywaivedsuchhonor。LordStairwasthoughttobesomethingofaGeneral，infactaswellasincostume；——andperhapshewasso。AndhadtherebeenaproperCOUNTESSofStair，ornewSarahJennings，——tocovergently，byart—magic，theBritannicMajestyandFatBoyunderatub；andtoputBritain，andBritishParliamentandresources，intoStair’shandforafewyears，——whoknowswhatStairtoomighthavedone！AMarlboroughintheWarArts，——perhapsstilllessinthePeaceones，ifweknewthegreatMarlborough，——hecouldnothavebeen。Butthereisinhimarecognizableflashofmagnanimity，ofheroicenterpriseandpurpose；whichishighlypeculiarinthatsordidelement。Anditcanbesaidofhim，asoflightningstrikingineffectualontheBogofAllenortheStygianFens，thathisstrrngthwasnevertried。"——Fortheupshotofhimwewillwait；notverylong。
　　Thesearefineprospects，ifonlytheDutchprovehoistable。
　　Buttheseareasnothingtowhatispassing，andhaspassed，intheEasternParts，intheBohemian—Bavarianquarter，sincewewerethere。PoorKaiserKarl，whatanoutlookforhim！HisownrealBavaria，muchmorehisimaginary"UpperAustria"and"ConquestsontheDonau，"afterthatSegurAdventure，areplungingheadlong。
　　Astohisonce"KingdomofBohemia，"ithasalreadyplunged；
　　nay，theArmyoftheOriflammeisitselfnearplunging，inspiteofthatPharsaliaofaSahay！Bavariaitself，wesay，ismostlygonetoKhevenhuller；SegurwithhisFrenchonmarchhomeward，andnothingbutBavariansleft。ThzBelleisle—BrogliograndBudweisExpeditionisgonetotallyheelsoverhead；BelleisleandBroglioaregetting，stepbystep，shutupinPragandbesiegedthere:
　　whileMaillebois——Letustrywhether，bysnatchingouthereafragmentandthereafragment，withchronologicalandotherappliances，itbenotpossibletogivereaderssomeconceivablenotionofwhatFriedrichwasnowlookingatwithsuchinterest！——
　　HOWDUCD’HARCOURT，ADVANCINGTOREINFORCETHEORIFLAMME，HADTOSPLITHIMSELFINTWO；ANDBECOMEAN"ARMYOF
　　BAVARIA，"TOLITTLEEFFECT。
　　ThepoorKaiser，whoatonetimecounted"30，000Bavariansofhisown，"hasallalongbeenillservedbythemandthebadGeneralstheyhad:twoGenerals；bothofwhom，Minuzzi，andoldFeldmarschallThorring（PrimeMinisterwithal），cametoabadreputationinthisWar。Beatennearlyalways；Thorringquitealways，——"likeaDRUM，thatThorring；neverheardofexceptwhenbeaten，"saidthewits！Ofsuchletusnotspeak。Understandonly，FIRST，thattheFrench，reasonablysoonafterthatLinzexplosion，did，insuchcrisis，getreinforcementsontheroad；aDucd’Harcourtwithsome25，000faringforward，inanintermittentmanner，eversince"March4th。"AndSECONDLY，thatKhevenhullerhasfastholdofPassau，theAustrian—BavarianKey—City；ismasterofnearlyallBavaria（ofMunchen，andallthatliessouthoftheDonau）；andisnowacrossonthenorthshore，wrenchingandtugginguponKelheimandtheIngolstadt—Donauworthregions，withnothingbutThorringpeopleandsmallFrenchGarrisonstohinderhim；——
　　whereitwillbefatalifhequiteprosper；IngolstadtbeingourPlace—of—Arms，andHouseontheHighway，bothforBavariaandBohemia！
　　"Formonthspast，therehadbeenagleamofhopeforKaiserKarl，andhisnew’KingdomofBohemia，’andoldElectorateofBavaria，fromtherumorof’D’Harcourt’sreinforcement，’——a20or30，000newFrenchmenmarchingintothoseparts，inaverydetachedintermittentmanner；greatintheGazettes。Butitprovedagleamonly，andcametonothingeffectual。PoorD’Harcourt，owingtocrossorders[GroglioclamorouslydemandingthatthenewforceshouldcometoPrag；KarlAlberttheKaiser，nominallyGeneral—in—
　　Chief，demandingthatitshouldgodowntheDonauandsweephisBavariaclear]，wasindifficulty。Todoeitherofthesecrossordersmighthavebroughtsomeresult；buttohalf—dobothofthem，ashewasenjoinedtoattempt，wasnotwise！SomehalfofhisforcehediddetachtowardsBroglio；whichgottoactualjunction，partlybefore，partlyafter，thatPharsalia—SahayAffair，andraisedBrogliotoastrengthof24，000，——stillinadequateagainstPrinceKarl。Whichdone，D’HarcourthimselfwentdowntheDonau，onhisoriginalscheme，withtheremainderofhisforces，——nowlikewisebecomeinadequate。HeistojoinwithFeldmarschallThorringinthe"——Anddoesit，asweshallseepresently！……
　　MUNCHEN，5thMAY。"RumorofD’HarcourthadsomewhatclearedBavariaofAustrians；buttherealityofhim，inadividedstate，bynomeanscorresponds。ThusMunchenCity，inthelastdaysofApril，——
　　D’Harcourtadvancing，terribleasarumor，——rejoicedexceedinglytoseetheAustriansmarchout，attheirbestpace。AndtheexultantpopulaceevenmassacredaloiteringTolpatchortwo；whowelldeserveit，thinkthepopulace，judgingbytheirexperienceforthelastthreemonths，sinceBarenklauandMentzelbecameKinghere。——
　　’RumorofD’Harcourt？’answersKhevenhullerfromtheKelheim—Passausideofthings:’Letuswaitforsightofhim，atleast！’
　　AndordersMunchentobereoccupied。Sothat，alas，’withinaweek，’onthe5thofMay，BarenklauisbackuponthepoorCity；
　　exactsseverevengeancefortheTolpatchbusiness；andwillgivethemsevenmonthsmoreofhiscompany，inspiteofD’Harcourt，and’theArmyofBavaria’ashenowcalledhimself:"——new"ArmyofBavaria，"whenoncearrivedinthoseCountries，andjoinedwithpoorThorringandtheKaiser’speoplethere。Suchan"ArmyofBavaria，"firstandlast，as——asKhevenhullercouldhavewishedit！
　　UnderD’Harcourt，joinedwitholdFeldmarschallThorring（himwhommenlikentoaDRUM，"neverheardofexceptwhenbeaten"），thisisliterallythesumofwhatfightingitdid:
　　"HILGARTSBERG（DeggendorfDonau—Country），MAY28th。D’HarcourtandThorring，afterjunctionatDonauworthseveralweeksago，andagooddealoffutilemarchingupanddowninthoseDonauCountries，——ontheleftbank，formostpart；Khevenhullerholdingstiffly，asusual，bytheInn，theIser，andtheriversandcountriesontheright，——didatlast，beingnowalmostwithinsightofPassauandthatimportantvalleyoftheInnacrossyonder，seriouslydecidetohaveastrokeatPassau，andtodislodgeKhevenhuller，whoisweakinforce，thoughobstinate。Theyperceivethatthereis，onthisleftbank，apostinthewoods，CastleofHilgartsberg，noneofthestrongestCastles，ratherabigCountryMansionthanaCastle，whichitwillbenecessaryfirsttotake。Theygoaccordinglytotakeit（May28th，havingwelllaidtheirheadstogetherthedaybefore）；marchthroughintricatewetforestcountry，peataboveallabundant；seetheCastleofHilgartsbergtoweringaloft，picturesqueobjectintheDonauValley，leftbank；——aremetbycannon—shot，case—shot，shotofeverykind；likewisebyCroatsapparentlyinnumerable，bycavalrysabringsandlevelledbayonets；
　　donotbehavetoowell，beingexcessivelyastonished；andaregladtogetoffagain，leavingoneoftheirgunslodgedinthemud，andaboutahundredunfortunatemen。[GuerredeBoheme，ii。146—148，136，&c。]ThisquitedisgustedD’HarcourtwiththePassauspeculationandthesegrimKhevenhulleroutposts。
　　HestraightwaytooktocollectingMagazines；lodginghimselfintheattainableTownsthereabouts，Deggendorfthechiefstrengthforhim；andgaveupfightingtillperhapsbettertimesmightarrive。"