Ontheotherhand，theAustrianandSaxongentlemen，fromtheirGallows—HillatHohenfriedberg，notice，fourorfivemilesinthedistance，oppositethem，oralittletotheleftofopposite，aBodyofPrussianhorseandfoot，visiblywendingnorthward；likealongglitteringserpent，theglitteroftheirmusketsflashingbackyonderontheafternoonsunandus，astheymountfromhollowtoheight。Tenortwelvethousandofthem；makingforStriegau，toappearance。Intendingtobivouacorbilletthere，andkeepsomekindofwatchoverus；belikewithaneyetobeingrear—guard，ontheretreattowardsBreslauto—morrow？Orwilltheyretreatwithoutattemptingmischief？SerenityofWeissenfelsengagestoseizetheheightsandproperposts，overyonder，thisnightyet；andwilltakeStriegauitself，thefirstthing，to—morrowmorning。
Yes，yourSerenities，thosearePrussiansinmovement:VanguardCorpsofDumoulin，Winterfeld；——RittmeisterSeydlitzridesyonder:
——anditisnottheirnotiontoretreatwithoutmischief。Fortherestands，notsofaroff，ontheStanowitzFuchsberg，abrisklittleGentleman，ifyoucouldnoticehim；withhiseyesfixedonyou，andplansintheheadofhimnowgettingnearlymature。Forcertain，heispushingoutthatcolumnofmen；andallmannerofothercolumnsaregettingordertopushout，andtaketheirground；andto—morrowmorning——youwillnotfindhiminretreat！SucharethephenomenainthatStriegau—Hohenfriedbergregion，whilethesunisbendingwestward，onThursday，3dJune，1745。
"FromHohenfriedberg，whichleansagainstthehigherMountains，theremaybe，acrosstoStriegaunortheast，whichstandswellapartfromthem，amonglowerHillsofitsown，adistanceofaboutfiveEnglishmiles。Theinterveningcountryisofflat，thoughuplandnature:thefirstbroadstage，orSTAIR—STEP，sotospeak，leadingdownintothegeneralinteriorlevelsofSilesiainthoseparts。
Atractwhichisnowtolerablydriedbydraining，butwasthenmarshyaswellasbushy:——flattotheeye，yetmustbeimperceptiblyconvexedalittle，forthelineofwatershedishereabouts:walkfromHohenfriedbergtoStriegau，thewateronyourlefthandflows，thoughmainlyinditchesorimperceptibleoozings，tothenorthandwest，——theretofallintoaneasternforkoftheRoaringNeisse[oneofourthreenewNeisses，whichisaveryquietstreamhere；runsclosebytheMountainbase，fedbymanytorrents，andmustgetitsname，WUTHENDEorRoaring，fromthesuddennessofitsfloods]:intothis，boundnorthwardandwestward，runoroozeallwatersonyourlefthand，asyougotoStriegau。Righthand，again，ortoeastward，youwillfindallsauntering，orrunninginvisiblebrooksintoStriegauWater[littleRivernotabletous]，whichcomescirclingfromtheMountains，pastHohenfriedberg，farthersouth；andhasgottosomeforceasastreambeforeitreachesStriegau，andturnsabruptlyeastward；——eastward，tojoinSchweidnitzWater，andformwithittheSECONDstair—stepdownwardstothePlainCountry。HasitsFuchsbergs，Kuhbergsandlittleknollsandheightsinterspersed，onbothsidesofit，intheconceivableway。
"Sothat，lookingeastwardfromtheheightsofHohenfriedberg，ourbroadstageorstair—stephasnothingofthenatureofavalley，butratherisakindofinsensiblyswellingplainbetweentwovalleys，orhollows，ofsmalldepth；andslopesbothways。
Bothways；butMOREtowardstheStriegau—Watervalleyorhollow；
andthence，inalazilyundulatingmanner，tootherhollowsandwatersfartherdown。Friedrich’sCampliesinthenext，theSchweidnitz—Waterhollow；andisfive，orevenninemileslong，fromSchweidnitznorthward；——muchhiddenfromtheAustrian—Saxongentlemenatpresent。Nohillsfarther，mereflatcountry，toeastwardofthat。Buttothenorth，again，aboutStriegau，thehollowdeepens，narrows；andcertainHills，"muchnotableatpresent，"risetowestofStriegau，definitepeakedHills，withgranitequarriesinthemandbasaltblocksatop:——Striegau，itappears，is，inoldCzechdialect，TRZIZA，whichmeansTRIPLEHILL，the’TownoftheThreeHills。’[Lutzow，p。28。]AnancientquaintlittleTown，ofperhaps2，000souls:brown—gray，thestonesofitvenerablyweathered；hasitswidebigmarket—place，piazza，plain—
stones，silentenoughexceptonmarket—days:nestlesitselfcompactlyintheshelterofitsThreeHills，whichscreenitfromthenorthwest；andhasapicturesqueappearance，itsHillsandit，projectedagainstthebigMountainrangebeyond，asyouapproachitfromthePlainCountry。
"Hohenfriedberg，attheothercornerofourbattle—stage，ontheroadtoLandshut，isaVillageofnogreatcompass；butstickspleasantlytogether，doesnotstraggleintheusualway；
climbssteepagainstitsGallows—Hill（nowcalled’SIEGESBERG，VictoryHill，’withsometowerorsteeple—monumentonit，builtbysubscription）；andwouldlookbetter，iftrimmedalittleandhabituallywellswept。ThehigherMountainsummits，Landshutway，orstillmoreifyoulooksoutheastward，Glatz—ward，riseblueandhuge，remoteonyourright；toleft，theRoaringNeisserangecloseathand，isalsopicturesque，thoughlessAlpineintype。"
[Tourist’sNote（1858）。]……AndofallHills，thenotablest，justnowtous，arethose"Three"atStriegau。
ThoseThreeHillsofStriegauhisSerenityofWeissenfelsistolayholdof，thisnight，withhisextremeleft，wereitoncegotdeployedandbivouacked。ThoseHills，ifhecan:butPrussianDumoulinisalreadyonmarchthither；andprivatelyhashiseyeuponthem，onFriedrich’spart！——Fortherest，thisuplandplatform，insensiblyslopingtwoways，andasyetundrained，isofscraggyboggynatureinmanyplaces；muchofitdampground，orsheermorass；betterpartsofitcovered，atthisseason，withrankJunegrass，orgreenerluxurianceofoatsandbarley。Ahumblepeaceablescene；peaceabletillthisafternoon；dotted，too，withsixorsevenpoorHamlets，withscraggywoods，wheretheyhavetheirfuel；mostsleepylitteryploughmanHamlets，sometimeswithaSCHLOSSorMansionfortheownerofthesoil（whohasabscondedinthepresentcrisisofthings），theireveningsmokerisingratherfainterthanusual；muchcookeryisnotadvisablewithUhlansandTolpatchcsflyingabout。NorthwardbetweenStriegauandthehigherMountainsthereisanextensiveTEICHWIRTHSCHAFT，or"Pond—
Husbandry"（gleamingvisiblefromHohenfriedbergGallows—Hilljustnow）；acombinationofstagnantpoolsandcarp—ponds，thegroundmuchoccupiedhereaboutswithwhattheynameCarp—Husbandry。
Whichisalldrainedawayinourtime，yettraceablebythestudious:——quaggycongeriesofsluicesandfish—ponds，noroadthroughthemexceptonintricatedams；havescrubbythicketsabouttheborder；——thisalsoisverystrongground，ifWeissenfelsthoughtofdefencethere。
WhichWeissenfelsdoesnot，butonlyofattack。Heoccupiesthegroundnevertheless，rearwardofthisCarp—Husbandry，asbecomesastrategicman；graduallybivouackingallroundthere，toendontheThreeHills，werehislastregimentsgotup。TheCarp—HusbandryismainlyaboutEisdorfHamlet:——inPilgramshayn，whereWeissenfelsoncethoughtoflodging，livesourWritingSchoolmaster。
TheMountainslietowestward；flinginglongershadows，astheinvasivetroopscontinuallydeploy，inthatbeautifulmanner；
andcoilthemselvesstrategicallyontheground，abentrope，cordon，orline（THREElinesindepth），reachingfromthefrontskirtsofHohenfriedbergtotheHillsatStriegauagain，——terribletobehold。
InfrontofHohenfriedberg，wesay，istheextremityorrightwingoftheAustrian—Saxonbivouac，orwillbewhentheprocessiscomplete；fivemilestonortheast，sweepingrounduponStriegauregion，willbetheirleft，wheremainlyaretheSaxons，——tonestleuponthoseThreeHillsofStriegau:whitherwardhowever，Dumoulin，onFriedrich’sbehalf，isalreadyonmarch。Austrian—Saxonbivouac，asisthewayinregulatedhosts，canatoncebecomeAustrian—Saxonorder—of—battle:andthen，probably，ontheChordofthatArcoffivemiles，thebigFightwillrollto—morrow；Striegauoneendofit，Hohenfriedbcrgtheother。Flattish，somewhatellipticupland，stair—stepfromtheMountains，aswecalledit；tractconsiderablycutwithditches，carp—husbandries，andtheirtuftsofwood；
linefromStriegautoHohenfriedbergbeingaxisormaindiameterofit，andingeneralthelineofwatershed:there，probably，willthetugofwarbe。Friedrich，onhisFuchsberg，knowsthis；
theAustrian—Saxongentlemen，overtheirwineontheGallows—Hill，donotyetknowit，butwillknow。
Itwasaboutfourintheafternoon，whenValori，withacompanion，waitingagoodwhileintheKing’sTentatJauernik，atlastsawhisMajestyreturnfromtheFuchsbergobservatory。Valoriandfriendhavegreatnews:"Tournayfallen；siegedone，yourMajesty！"
Valori’sfriendisoneDeLatour；whohadbroughtwordofFontenoy（"importantvictoryontheScamander，"asFriedrichindignantlydefinedittohimself）；andwasbidwaitheretillthisSiege—of—
Tournayconsummation（"ashelpfultomeastheSiegeofPekin！"）
shouldsupervene。TheyhastentosalutehisMajestywiththeglorioustidings，Hmph！thinksFriedrich:andweareatdeath—gripshere，littletobehelpedbyyourtakingPekin！However，heletswitofnothing。"Imakemycompliments；meantofightto—morrow。"
[Valori，i。228。]Valori，asoldsoldierandfriend，volunteerstobethereandassist:——Good。
Friedrich，Ipresume，atthislatehouroffour，maybcsnatchingamorselofdinner；hisorderliesaresilentlyspeeding，planstaken，ordersgiven:Tostartall，ateightintheevening，fortheBridgeofStriegau；theretocross，andspreadtotherightandtotheleft。Silent，notawordspoken，notapipelighted:silentlyacrosstheStriegauWaterthere。Amarchofthreemilesforthenearest，whoarehereatJauernik；ofninemilesforthefarthestaboutSchweidnitz；atSchweidnitzleaveallyourbaggage，safeunderthegunsthere。TotheBridgeofStriegau，diligently，silentlymarchalong；BridgeofStriegau，therecrossStriegauWater，anddeploytorightandtoleft，inthewayeachofyouknows。TheseareFriedrich’sorders。
Lateinthedusk，DumoulinandWinterfeld，whomwesawsilentlyonmarchsomehoursago，havesilentlyglidedpastStriegau，andgotintotheThree—Hillregion，whichissomefurlongorsofarthernorth:——tohissurprise，DumoulinfindsSaxonpartiespostingthemselvesthereabouts。HeattackssaidSaxonparties；andaftersomeslighttussle，drivesthemmostlyfromtheirThreeHills；
mostly，notaltogether；oneSaxonHillisprecipitousonourhithersideofit，andwemustleavethattillthedawnbreak。OftheotherHeightsDumoulintakesgoodpossession，withcannontoo，tobereadyagainstdawn；——andrankshimselfouttoleftwardwithal，alongtheplainground；forheistoberightwing，hadtheothertroopscomeup。Thesearenowallunderway；astirfromJauernikandSchweidnitz，silentlystreamingalong；andDumoulinbivouacshere，——verysilenthe:notsosilenttheSaxons；whoarestillmarchingin，overyonder，towestwardofDumoulin，theirrear—guardgropingoutitspostsasitbestcaninthedark。Elsewhere，milesandmilesalongthefootoftheMountains，Austrian—Saxonwatch—
firesflamethroughtheambrosialnight；anditisanimpressivesightforDumoulin，——stillmoreforthepoorSchoolmasteratPilgramshaynandothers，lessconcernedthanDumoulin。"Itwasbeautiful，"saysStille，whowasthere，"toseehowtheplainaboutRohnstock，andalloverthatway，wasablazewiththousandsofwatch—fires（TAUSENDUNDABERTAUSEND）；bythelightofthese，wecouldclearlyperceivetheenemy’stroopscontinuallydefilefromtheHillsthewholenightthrough。"[CitedinSeyfarth，i。630。]
SerenityofWeissenfels，afterall，doesnotlodgeatPilgramshayn；
farinthenight，hegoestosleepatRohnstock，aSchlossandHamletonthatforkofRoaringNeisse，bythefootoftheMountains；threeorfourmilesoff，yethandyenoughforpickingupStriegauthefirstthingto—morrow。HisHighnessPrinceKarlliesinHausdorf，tolerablequarters，prettymuchinthecentreofhislongbivouac；day’sbusinesswelldone，andbottle（asone’swontratheris）wellenjoyed。Nadastihasbeenoutscouting；butwasprickedintobyhussarparties，firedintofromthegrowingcorn；
andcouldmakeoutlittle，buttheimageofhisownideas。
Nadasti’sultimatereportis，ThatthePrussiansareperfectlyquietintheircamp；fromJauerniktoSchweidnitz，watch—firesallalight，sentriesgoingtheirrounds。Andsotheyare，infact；
sentriesandwatch—fires，——butnownothingelsethere，amereshellofacamp；themenofitstreamingsteadilyalong，withoutspeech，withouttobacco；andmanyofthemareacrossStriegauBridgebythistime！——
Itwaspasteleven，socloseandcontinuouswentthismarch，beforeValoriandhisLatour，withtheircarriagesandfurnitures，couldfindaninterval，andgetwellintoit。NeverwillValoriforgetthedisciplineofthesePrussians，andhowtheymarched。
Difficultways；thehardroadisfortheirartillery；themenmarchoneachside，sometimestomid—leginwater，——nevermind。Whollyinorder，whollysilent；Valorifollowedthemthreeleaguesclose，andtherewasnotonestraggler。Everyprivateman，muchmoreeveryofficer，knowswellwhatgrimerrandtheyareon；andtheymakenoremarks。SteadyasTime；and，exceptthattheirshoesarenotoffelt，silentashe。TheAustrianwatch—firesglowsilentmanifoldtoleftwardyonder；silentoverheadarethestars:——thepathofallduty，too，issilent（notaboutStriegaualone）foreverywell—
drilledman。To—morrow；——well，to—morrow？
AgrimmishfeelingagainsttheSaxonsisunderstoodtobeprevalentamongthesemen。Bruhl，Weissenfelshimself，havebeenreportedtalkinghigh，——"ReduceourKingtothesizeofanElectoragain，"
andotherfoolishthings；——indeed，grudgeshavebeenaccumulatingforsometime。"KEINPARDON（Noquarter）！"wehearhasbeenawordamongtheSaxons，astheycamealong；thePrussiansgrowltooneanother，"Verywellthen，None！"NayFriedrich’sgeneralorderis，"Noprisoners，youcavalry，intheheatoffight；cavalry，strikeatthefacesofthem:youinfantry，keepyourfiretillwithinfiftysteps；bayonetwithalistobereliedon。"ThesewereFriedrich’slastgeneralorders，giveninthehollowofthenight，nearthefootofthatFuchsbergwherehehadbeensobusyallday；
awidishplainspacehereabouts，StriegauBridgenownear:hehadlainsnmetimeinhiscloak，waitingtillthechiefgenerals，withtheheadsoftheircolumns，couldrendezvoushere。Hethensprangonhorseback；spokebrieflytheessentialthings（oneofthemtheabove）；——"Hadmeanttobemoreminute，inregardtopositionsandthelike；butallissoindarkness，embroiledbytheflareoftheAustrianwatch—fires，wecanmakenothingfartheroflocalitiesatpresent:Striegauforrightwing，leftwingoppositetoHohenfriedberg，——so，andStriegauWaterwelltorearofus。
Bediligent，exact，allfacultiesawake:yourownsense，andtheOrderofBattlewhichyouknow，mustdotherest。Forward；steady:
canIdoubtbutyouwillacquityourselveslikePrussianmen？"
Andsotheymarch，acrosstheBridgeatStriegau，southoutskirtoftheTown，——plankBridge，Iamafraid；——andpourthemselves，torightandtoleft，continuallythelivelongnight。
TodescribetheBattlewhichensued，BattlenamedofStriegauorHohenfriedberg，excelsthepowerofhumantalent，——ifhumantalenthadleisureforsuchemployment。Itisthehugeshockandclashof70，000against70，000，placedinthewaywesaid。AnenormousfuriousSIMALTAS（or"both—at—once，"astheLatinsphraseit），spreadingovertensquaremiles。Rathersay，awidecongeriesofelectricsimultaneities；allELECTRIC，playingmadlyintooneanother；mostloud，mostmad:theaspectofwhichissmoky，thunderous，abstruse；thetrueSEQUENCESofwhich，whoshallunravel？Therearefiveaccountsofit，allmodestlywritten，eachtrue—lookingfromitsownplace:andathrice—diligentPrussianOfficer，stationedonthespotinlateyears，hasstrivenwelltoharmonizethemall。[FiveAccounts:1。ThePrussianOfficialAccount，inHelden—Geschichte，i。1098—1102。
2。TheSaxon，ib。1103—1108。3。TheAustrian，ib。1109—1115。
4。Stille’s（ii。125—133，ofEnglishTranslation）。5。Friedrich’sown，OEuvres，iii。108—118。Lutzow，abovecited，istheharmonizer。Besideswhich，twoofvalue，in
Feldzuge，i。310—323，328—336；nottomentionCogniazzo，ConfessionsofanAustrianVeeran
（Breslau，1788—1791:strictlyAnonymousatthattime，andcandid，oralmostmore，toPrussianmerit；——stillworthreading，hereandthroughout），ii。123—135；&c。&c。]Wellworththestudyofmilitarymen；——whomightmaketourstowardsthisandtheothergreatbattle—
field，andreadsuchthings，weretheywise。Forus，afeatureortwo，inthehugegeneralexplosion，toassistthereader’sfancyinconceivingitalittle，isallthatcanbepretendedto。
ChapterX。
BATTLEOFHOHENFRIEDBERG。
Withthefirststreakofdawn，thedisputereneweditselfbetweenthosePrussiansandSaxonswhoareontheHeightsofStriegau。
ThetwoArmiesareincontacthere；theyliewideapartasyetattheotherend。Cannonadingriseshere，onbothsides，inthedimgrayofthemorning，forthepossessionoftheseHeights。
TheSaxonsareout—cannonadedanddislodged，otherSaxonsstarttoarmsinsupport:thecry"Toarms！"spreadseverywhere，rousesWeissenfelstohorseback；andbysunriseafuriousstormofbattlehasbegun，inthispart。Hotandfierceonbothsides；chargesofhorse，shockaftershock，bayonet—chargesoffoot；thegreatgunsgoinglikeJove’sthunder，andthecontinuoustearingstormofsmallguns，veryloudindeed:suchanoise，asourpoorSchoolmaster，wholivesonthisspot，thinkshewillhearonlyonceagain，whentheLastTrumpetsounds！Itdidindeed，heinformsus，resemblethedissolutionofNature:"Forallfelldarktoo；"
ageneralelementofsulphurouspowder—smoke，streakedwithdullblazes；anddeathanddestructionverynigh。Whatwillbecomeofpoorpacificmortalshereabouts？RittmeisterSeydlitz，Winterfeldhispatronride，withknitbrows，inthesehorse—charges；
fieryRothenburgtoo；TruchsessvonWaldburg，attheheadofhisDivision，——poorTruchsessknowninLondonsociety，acannon—ballsmitesthelifeoutofhim，andheendedhere。
Atthefirstclashofhorseandfoot，theSaxonsfanciedtheyratherhadit；atthesecond，theirhorsebecamedistressed；atthethird，theyrolledintodisorderlyheaps。Thefootalso，stubbornastheywere，couldnotstandthatswiftfiring，followedbythebayonetandthesabre；andwereforcedtogiveground。Themorningsunshoneintotheireyes，too，theysay；andtherehadrisenabreathofeasterlywind，whichhurledthesmokeuponthem，sothattheycouldnotsee。Decidedlystaggeringbackwards；gettingtobetakeninflankandruined，thoughpoorWeissenfelsdoeshisbest。
Aboutfiveinthemorning，Friedrichcamegallopinghitherward；
Valoriwithhim:"MONAMI，thisislookingwell！Thiswilldo，won’tit？"TheSaxonsarefastsinkinginthescale；anddidnothingthenceforthbutsinkeverfaster；thoughtheymadeastiffdefence，fierceexasperationonbothsides；anddisputedeveryinch。Theirposition，inthesescraggyWoodsandVillages，intheseMorassesandCarp—Husbandries，isverystrong。
Ithadprovedtobefarthernorth，too，thanwasexpected；sothatthePrussianshadtowheelroundalittle（rightwingasacentre，fightingarmyasradius）beforetheycouldcomeparallel，andgettowork:adelicatemanoeuvre，whichtheyexecutedtoValori’sadmiration，hereinthestormofbattle；tramp，tramp，velocityincreasingfromyourcentreoutwards，tillattheendoftheradius，thetroopsareattreble—quick，fairlyrunningforward，andthelinestraightallthewhile。AdmirabletoValori，inthehotwhirlwindofbattlehere。Forthegreatgunsgo，inhorridsalvos，unabated，andthecracklingthunderofthesmallguns；"terribletusslingaboutthoseCarp—ponds，thatquaggyCarp—husbandry，"saystheSchoolmaster，"andtheHeavensblottedoutinsulphurousfire—
streakedsmoke。Whathadbecomeofuspacific？Somehadrunintime，andtheywerethewisest；othershadsquatted，whocouldfindanooksuitable。MostofushadgatheredintotheNursery—gardenatthefootofourVillage；wesatquakingthere，——ourprayersgrowntremulouslyvocal；——intearsandwail，atleastthewomenpart。
Enemiesmadereconcilementwitheachother，"sayshe，"anddearfriendstookfarewell。"[HisNarrative，inLutzow，UBISUPRA。]
OnegeneralAlleleu；theLastDay，toallappearance，havingcome。
Friedrich，seeingthingsinthisgoodposture，gallopstotheleftagain，wheremuchurgentlyrequiresattentionfromhim。
OntheAustrianside，PrinceKarl，throughhismorningsleepatHausdorf，hadheardthecannonading:"SaxonstakingStriegau！"
thinkshe；apleasantlullabyenough；andcontinuestosleepanddream。Agitatedmessengersrushin，atlast；drawhiscurtains:
"Prussiansallinrank，thissideStriegauWater；Saxonsbeaten，ornearlyso，atStriegau:wemuststandtoarms，yourHighness！"——
"Toarms，ofcourse，"answersKarl；andhurriesnow，whathecan，togeteverythinginmotion。Thebivouacitselfhadbeeninorderofbattle；butnaturallythereismuchtoadjust，toputintrim；
andtheAustriansarenotdistinguishedforcelerityofmovement。
Alltheworseforthemjustnow。
OnFriedrich’sside，sofarasIcangather，therehavehappenedtwocrossaccidents。First，bythatwheelingmovement，donetoValori’sadmirationintheStriegauquarter，thePrussianlinehashitcheditselfuptowardsStriegau，hasgotcurvedinward，andcoverslessgroundthanwascountedon；sothatthereisliketobesomegapinthecentralpartof；——asinfacttherewas，inspiteofFriedrich’sefforts，andhitchingsofbattalionsandsquadrons:
anindisputablegap，thoughitturnedtorichprofitforFriedrich；
PrinceKarlpayingnoattentiontoit。UponsuchindisputablegapawakefulenemymighthavedoneFriedrichsomeperilousfreak；
butKarlwasinhisbed，aswesay；——inaterribleflurry，too，whenoutofbed。Nothingwasdoneuponthegap；andFriedrichhadhisunexpectedprofitbyitbeforelong。
Thesecondaccidentisalmostworse。StriegauBridge（ofplanks，asIfeared），creakingundersuchaheavystreamoffeetaudwheelsallnight，didatlastbreak，insomedegree，andneededtobemended；sothattherearwardregiments，whoaretoformFriedrich’sleftwing，areinpainfulretard；——andarebecomingfrightfullynecessary，theAustriansasyetfaroutflankingus，capableoftakingusinflankwiththatrightwingoftheirs！ThemomentwasagitatingtoaGeneral—in—chief:ValoriwillownthisyoungKing’sbearingwasperfect；nottheleastflurry，thoughundersuchastrain。Hehasaides—de—camp，dashingoutevery—whitherwithorders，withexpedients；PrinceHenri，hisyoungerBrother:
gallopingthefastest；nay，atlast，hebegsValorihimselftogallop，withorderstoacertainGeneralGessler，inwhoseBrigadeareDragoons。WhichValoridoes，——happilywithouteffectonGessler；whoknowsnoValoriforanaide—de—camp，andkeepsthegroundappointedhim；rearwardofthatgapwetalkedof。
HappilytheAustrianrightwingisinnohastetocharge。
HappilyZiethen，blockedbythatincumbranceoftheBridgemending，"findsafordhigherup，"theassiduousZiethen；splashesacross，otherregimentsfollowing；formsinlinewellleftward；andinsteadofwaitingfortheAustriancharge，chargeshomeuponthem，fiercelythroughthedifficultgrounds，NodangeroftheAustriansoutflankingusnow；theyarethemselveslikelytogethardmeasureontheirflank。BythefordandbytheBridge，allregiments，someofthemattreble—quick，gettotheirpostsstillintime。
Accidentsecondhaspassedwithoutdamage。Forward，then；
rapid，steady；andreserveyourfiretillwithinfiftypaces！——
PrinoeFerdinandofBrunswick（Friedrich’sBrother—in—law，abright—eyedsteadyyoungman，ofgreatheartforfight）trampsforthwithhisDivision:——steady！——allmannerofDivisionstrampforth；andthehotstorm，Ziethenandcavalrydashinguponthatrightwingoftheirs，kindlesherealsofarandwide。
TheAustriancavalryonthiswingandelsewhere，itisclear，wereilloff。"WecouldnotchargethePrussianleftwing，saythey，partlybecauseofthemorassesthatlaybetweenus；andpartly[whichisremarkable]becausetheyrushedacrossandchargedus。"
[Austrianreport，Helden—Geschichte，
i。1113。]PrinceKarlissorrytoreportsuchthingsofhiscavalry；buttheirbehaviorwasbadandnotgood。Thefirstshockthrewthemwavering；thesecond，——nothingwouldpersuadethemtodashforthandmeetit。Highofficerscommanded，obtested，drewoutpistols，PrinceKarlhimselfshotafugitiveortwo，——itwastonopurpose；theywaveredworseateverynewshock；andatlengthashockcame（sixthitwas，asthereportercounts）whichshookthemallintothewind。DecidedlyshyofthePrussianswiththeirnewmanoeuvres，andterriblewayofcomingon，asifsureofbeating。
IntheSaxonquarter，certainAustrianregimentsofhorsewouldnotchargeatall；merelykeptfiringfromtheircarbines，andwhenthetimecameran。
AsfortheSaxons，theyhavebeenbeatenthesetwohours；thatistosay，hopelessthesetwohours，andgettingbeatenworseandworse。TheSaxonscannotstand，butneithergenerallywilltheyrun；theydisputeeveryditch，morassandtuftofwood，especiallyeveryvillage。Wrecksofthemuddydesperatebusinesslast，hourafterhour。"Igavemymenalittlerestunderthegardenwalls，"
saysoneSaxonGentleman，"ortheywouldhavedied，intheheatandthirstandextremefatigue:Iwouldhavegiven100gulden[10poundsSterling]foraglassofwater。"[Helden—
Geschichte，ubisupra。]ThePrussianspushthemon，bayonetinback；inexorable，nottoberesisted；slitoffwholebattalionsofthem（prisonersnow，andquartergiven）；takealltheirguns，orallthatarenotsunkinthequagmires；——infine，drivethem，partintotheMountainsdirect，partbycircuitthither，downupontherearoftheAustrianfight:throughHausdorf，SeifersdorfandotherMountaingorges，wherewehearnomoreofthem，andshallsaynomoreofthem。AsorestrokeforpooroldWeissenfels；thelastpubliconehehastotake，inthisworld，forthepoormandiedbeforelong。Nobody’sblame，hesays；
everySaxonmandidwell；onlysomeAustrianhorse—regiments，thatwehadamongus，weretooshy。AdieutopooroldWeissenfels。
Luckofwar，whatelse，——therebyisheinthispass。
AndnownewPrussianforce，itsSaxonsbeingwellabolished，ispressingdownuponPrinceKarl’snakedleftflank。Yes；——PrinceKarltoowillhavetogo。Hiscavalryis，formostpart，shakenintoraggedclouds；infantry，steadyenoughmen，cannotstandeverything。"Ihaveobserved，"saysFriedrich，"ifyoustepsharplyuptoanAustrianbattalion[withinfiftypacesorso]，andpourinyourfirewell，inaboutaquarterofanhouryouseetheranksbeginningtoshake，andjumbletowardsindistinctness；"
[MilitaryInstructions。]averyhopefulsymptomtoyou！
ItwasatthismomentthatLieutenant—GeneralGessler，underwhomistheDragoonregimentBaireuth，whohadkepthisplaceinspiteofValori’smessage，determinedonathing，——advisedtoitbyGeneralSchmettau（youngerSchmettau），whowasnear。Gessler，aswesaw，stoodintherearline，behindthatgap（mostlikelyoneofseveralgaps，orwidespaces，lefttoowide，asweexplained）；
Gessler，noticingthejumblyconditionofthoseAustrianbattalions，heapednowoneuponanotherinthispart，——motionstothePrussianInfantrytomakewhatfartherroomisneedful；
thendashesthrough，intwocolumns（selfandtheDragoon—Colonelheadingtheone，FrenchChasot，whoisLieutenant—Colonel，headingtheother），sabreinhand，withextraordinaryimpetusandfire，intothebellyofthesejumblyAustrians；andslashesthemtorags，"twentybattalionsofthem，"inanaltogetherunexampledmanner。
Takes"severalthousandprisoners，"andsuchahaulofstandards，kettle—drumsandinsigniaofhonor，aswasnevergotbeforeatonecharge。Sixty—sevenstandardsbythetale，fortheregiment（bymostAll—GraciousPermission）wears，everafter，"67"uponitscartridge—box，andisallowedtobeatthegrenadiermarch；
[Orlich，ii。179（173n。，179n。，slightlywrong）；
Militair—Lexikon，ii。9，iv。465，468。SeePreuss，i。212；OEuvresdeFrederic；&c。&c。]——howmanykettle—drumsmemorydoesnotsay。
PrinceKarlbeatsretreat，about8inthemorning；isthroughHohenfriedbergabout10（cannoncoveringthere，andNadastiasrear—guard）:backintotheMountains；athoroughlywell—beatenman。
TowardsBolkenhayn，theSaxonsandhe；theirheavyartilleryandbaggagehadbeenleftsafethere。Notmuchpursued，andgraduallyrearranginghimself；withthoughts，——nowantofthoughts！
Camepouringdown，triumphantlyinvasive，yesterday；returns，ontheseterms，inaboutfifteenhours。Notmarchingwithdisplayedbannersandfield—music，thistime；thisisafarothermarch。
Themouse—traphadbeenleftopen，andwerashlywentin！——PrinceKarl’sloss，includingthatoftheSaxons（whichisalmostequal，thoughtheirnumberinthefieldwasbutHALF），is9，000deadandwounded，7，000prisoners，66cannon，73flagsandstandards；
thePrussianisabout5，000deadandwounded。[InOrlich（ii。182）
allthedetails。]Friedrich，atsightofValori，embraceshisGROS
VALORI；says，withapiousemotioninvoiceandlook，"Myfriend，Godhashelpedmewonderfullythisday！"Actuallytherewasakindofdevoutfeelingvisibleinhim，thinksValori:"Asingularmixture，thisPrince，ofgoodqualitiesandofbad；Ineverknowwhichpreponderates。"[Valori，SOEPIUS。]AsisthewaywithfatValoris，whentheycomeintosuchcompany。
Friedrichisblamedbysomemilitarymen，andperhapshimselfthoughtitquestionable，thathedidnotpursuePrinceKarlmoresharply。Hesayshistroopscouldnot；theywerewornoutwiththenight’smarchingandtheday’sfighting。Hehimselfmaywellbewornout。Isuppose，forthelastfour—and—twentyhourshe，ofallthecontemporarysonsofAdam，hasprobablybeenthebusiest。
Letusrestthisday；resttillto—morrowmorning，andbethankful。
"Sodecisiveadefeat，"writeshetohisMother（hastily，misdating"6th"Junefor4th），"hasnotbeensinceBlenheim"[LetterinOEuvresdeFrederic，xxvi。71。]（whichistolerablytrue）；and"IhavemadethePrincessigntheirnames，"togivethegoodMotherassuranceofherchildrenintheseperilsofwar。Seldomhassuchadeliverancecometoaman。
ChapterXI。
CAMPOFCHLUM:FRIEDRICHCANNOTACHIEVEPEACE。
Friedrichmarched，onthemorrow，likewisetoBolkenhayn；whichtheenemyhavejustleft；ourhussarshangingontheirrear，andbickeringwithNadasti。Thenagainonthemorrow，Sunday，——"twelvehoursofcontinuousrain，"writesValori；butthereisnodown—
pour，ordistress，ordisturbancethatwillshakethesemenfromtheirranks，writesValori。Andsoitgoeson，marchaftermarch，theAustriansahead，Dumoulinandourhussarsinfestingtheirrear，whichskilfullydefendeditself:throughLandshutdownintoBohemia；wherearenewsuccessivemarches，thePrussianquarterstaffstuckintothebackofdefeatedAustria，"Homewithyou；fartherhome！"——andshoggingiton，——withoutpause，foraboutafortnighttocome。Andthenonlywithtemporarypause；thatistosay，withintricatemanoeuvringsofamonthlong，whichshoveittoKonigsgratz，itsultimatum，beyondwhichthereisnogettingit。
Thestagesandsuccessivecampings，tobefoundpunctuallyintheoldBooksandnew，caninterestonlymilitaryreaders。HereisasmalltheologicalthingatLandshut，fromfirsthand:——
JUNE8th，1745。"TheArmyfollowedDumoulin’sCorps，andmarcheduponLandshut。Onarrivinginthatneighborhood，theKingwassurroundedbyatroopof2，000Peasants，"——ofProtestantpersuasionveryevidently！（whichismuchtheprevailingthereabouts），——"whobeggedpermissionofhim’tomassacretheCatholicsoftheseparts，andclearthecountryofthemaltogether。’ThisanimosityarosefromthepersecutionswhichtheProtestantshadsufferedduringtheAustriandomination，whentheirchurchesusedtobetakenfromthemandgiventothePopishpriests，"——churchesandalmosttheirchildren，suchwastheanxietytomakethemorthodox。Thepatienceofthesepeasantshadrunover；andnow，inthehourofhope，theyproposedtheabovesweepingmeasure。"TheKingwasveryfarfromgrantingthemsobarbarousapermission。Hetoldthem，’TheyoughtrathertoconformtotheScriptureprecept，toblessthosethatcursedthem，andprayforthosethatdespitefullyusedthem；
suchwasthewaytogaintheKingdomofHeaven。’Thepeasants，"
rollingdubiouseyesforamoment，"answered，HisMajestywasright；anddesistedfromtheircruelpretension。"[OEuvresdeFrederic，ii。218。]……——"OnHohenfriedbergDay，"
saysanotherWitness，"asfarasthesoundofthecannonwasheard，allround，theProtestantsfellontheirknees，prayingforvictorytothePrussians；"[InRanke，iii。259。]andatBreslauthatevening，whenthe"ThirteentrumpetingPostilions"cametearinginwiththenews，whatanenthusiasmwithoutlimit！
PrinceKarlhasskillinchoosingcampsandpositions:
hisAustriansaremuchcowed；thatisthegrievouslossinhislatefight。So，fromJune8th，whentheyquitSilesia，——bytworoadstogomorereadily，——allthroughthatmonthandthenext，Friedrichspreadtotheduewidth，dulyprickingintotherearofthem，drivesthebeatenhostsonwardandonward。Theydonotthinkoffighting；theironethoughtistogetintopositionswheretheycanhavelivingconveyedtothem，andcannotbeattacked；fortheformerofwhichobjects，thefartherhomewardstheygo，itisthebetter。Themainpursuit，asIgather，goesleftwardfromLandshut，byFriedland，——theSilesianFriedland，onceWallenstein’s。
Throughroughwildcountry，thesouthernslopeoftheGiantMountains，goesthatslowpursuit，orthemainstreamofit，whereFriedrichinpersonis；intricatesavageregions，cutbyprecipitousrocksandsoakingquagmires，shaggywithwoods:
watershedbetweentheUpperElbeandMiddleOder；Glatzonourleft，——withtherainofitsmountainsgatheringtoaNeisseRiver，eastward，whichweknow；andontheirwestorhitherside，toaMietau，Adler，Aupaandothermany—branchedfeedersoftheElbe。
Mostcomplexmilitaryground，themanoeuvringsonitendless，——
whichmustbelefttothereader’sfancyhere。
AbouttheendofJune，KarlandhisAustriansfindaplacesuitabletotheirobjects:Konigsgratz，acompactlittleTown，inthenookbetweentheElbeandAdler；coveredtowestandtosouthbythesetwostreams；strongenoughtoeastwithal；andsureandconvenienttothesouthernroadsandvictual。AgainstwhichFriedrich’smanoeuvresavailnothing；sothatheatlast（20thJuly）crossesElbeRiver；takes，helikewise，aninexpugnableCampontheoppositeshore，ataVillagecalledChlum；andliesthere，makingamutualdead—lockofit，forsixweeksormore。OfthepriorCamps，withtheirabundanceofstrategicshufflings，wheelings，pushings，allissuinginthisofChlum，wesaynothing:noneofthem，——
excepttheimmediatelyprecedingone，calledofNahorzan，calledalsoofDrewitz（foritwasinpartsashiftingentity，andflungtheLIMBSofitabout，strategicallyclutchingatKonigsgratz），——
hadanypermanency:letustakeChlum（thelongest，andessentiallythelastinthoseparts）asthegeneralsummaryofthem，andalonerememberablebyus。["CampofGross—Parzitz[acrosstheMietau，todislodgePrinceKarlfromhisshelterbehindthatstream]，June14th:""CampofNahorzan，June18th[andabstrusemanoeuvrings，ofamonth，forKonigsgratz]:20thJuly，"crossElbeforChlum；
andlie，yourselfalsoinexpugnable，there。SeeOEuvresdeFrederic，（iii。120etseq。）；especiallyseeOrlich（ii。pp。193，194，203，&c。&c。），——withanamplitudeofinorganicdetails，sufficienttoastonishtherobustestmemory！]
Friedrich’spurposes，atChlumorpreviously，arenottowardsconquestsinBohemia，noroffightingfarther，ifhecanhelpit。
But，inthemeanwhile，heiseatingouttheseBohemianvicinages；
noinvasionofSilesiapossiblefromthatquartersoonagain。
Thatisonebenefit:andhehopesalwayshisenemies，underscrewofmilitarypressurewiththeonehand，andofferoftheolive—
branchwiththeother，willbeinducedtogranthimPeace。
BritannicMajesty，afterFontenoyandHohenfriedberg，nottomentionthefirstrumorsofaJacobiteRebellion，withFrancetorearofit，isgettingeagertohaveFriedrichsettledwith，andwithdrawnfromthegameagain；——therather，asFriedrich，knowinghisman，hasceasedlatterlytourgehimonthesubject。PeacewithGeorgethePurseholder，doesnotthatmeanPeacewithalltheothers？FriedrichknowsthehighQueen’sindignation；buthelittleguesses，atthistime，thehumorofBruhlandthePolishMajesty。
HehasneveryetsenttheOldDessauerinuponthem；alwaysonlykeepshimontheslip，atMagdeburg；stillhopingactualitiesmaynotbeneeded。Hehopestoo，inspiteofherindignation，theHungarianMajesty，withanElectiononhand，withtheNetherlandsatsuchapass，nottospeakofItalyandtheMiddleRhine，willcometomoderateviewsagain。Onwhichlatterpoints，hisreckoningwasfarfromcorrect！Withinthreemonths，BritannicMajestyandhedidgettoexplicitAgreement（CONVENTIONOFHANOVER，26thAugust）:
butinregardtothePolishMajestyandtheHungarianthereprovedtobenosuchresultattainable，andquiteothermethodsnecessaryfirst！
"OfmilitarytransactionsinthisCampofChlum，orinalltheseBohemian—SilesianCamps，fornearfourmonths，thereisnothing，orasgoodasnothing:Chlumhasnoevents；Chlumvigilantlyguardsitself；andexpects，asthereallydecisivetoit，eventsthatwillhappenfaraway。Wearetoconceivethismilitarybusinessasadead—lock；attendedwithhussarskirmishes；attacks，defences，ofoutposts，ofprovision—wagonsfromMoraviaorSilesia:——FriedrichhashisfoodfromSilesiachiefly，byseveralroutes，’convoyscomeonceinthefivedays。’Hishorse—provenderheforages；
withTolpatcheswatchinghim，andcontinualscufflingsoffight:
’forhayandglory，’writesonePrussianOfficer，’Iassureyouwefightwell！’Endlessenterprising，manoeuvring，counter—
manoeuvringthereatfirstwas；andstillis，ifeitherpartystir:
buthere，intheirmutuallyfixedcamps，tacitmutualobservancesestablishthemselves；andamidtherigorousarmedvigilantes，therearetraitsofhumanneighborship。Asusualinsuchcases。
Theguard—partiesdonotfireononeanother，withincertainlimits:asignalthattherearedeadtobury，orthelike，isstrictlyrespected。Ononesuchoccasionitwas（June30th，Camp—
of—Nahorzantime）thatPrinceFerdinandofBrunswick——PrinceFerdinand，withayoungBrotherAlbertvolunteeringandlearninghisbusinesshere，whoarebothPrussian——hadasnatchofinterviewwithathirdmuch—lovedBrother，Ludwig，whoisintheAustrianservice。APrussianofficer，venturingbeyondthelimits，hadbeenshot；Ferdinand’smessage，’Grantusburialofhim！’found，bychance，BrotherLudwigincommandofthatAustrianoutpost；
whoanswers:’Surely；——andbegthatImayembracemyBrothers！’
Andtheyrodeout，thosethree，tothespaceintermediate；
talkedthereforhalfanhour，tilltheburialwasdone。
[Mauvillon，GeschichteFerdinandsvonBraunschweig—
Luneburg，i。118。]Fancysuchaninterviewbetweenthepooryoungfellows，thesoulofhonoreach，andtiedinthatmanner！
"TrenckoftheLife—guardwasnotquitethesoulofhonor。ItwasintheNahorzantimetoothatTrenck，whohad，inspiteofexpressordertothecontrary，beenwritingtohisCousintheindigoPandour，wasputunderarrestwhenfoundout。’Wrotemerelyabouthorses:purchaseofhorses，sohelpmeGod！’proteststheblusterousLife—guardsman，loudaslungswill，——whetherwithtruthinthem，nobodycansay。’Arrestforbreakingorders！’answersFriedrich，doubtingordisbelievingthehorses；andloudTrenckispackedovertheHillstoGlatz；toGovernorFouquet，orSubstitute；
——where，bynotsubmittingandrepenting，byresistingandrebelling，andeveragaindoingit，hemakesoutforhimself，withFouquetandhisotherGovernors，whatkindoflifeweknow！
’GARDEZE’TROITEMENTCEDROLE—LA，ILAVOULUDEVENIRPANDOURAUPRES
DESONONCLE（Keepatightholdofthisfinefellow；hewantedtobecomePandourbesidehisUncle）！’writesFriedrich:——’Uncle’
insteadof’Cousin，’allonetoFriedrich。Thishewriteswithhisownhand，onthemargin:28thJune，1745；theinexorableRecordsfixthatdate。[Rodenbeck。iii。381。CopyoftheWarrant，oncePENESME。]WhichIshouldnotmention，exceptforanotherinexorabledate（30thSeptember），thatiscoming；andtheperceptibleslightcomforttherewillbeinfixingdownaloud—
blustering，extensivelyfabulousblockhead，stillfitfortheNurseries，tooneundeniablepremeditatedlie，andtar—markinghimtherewith，forbenefitofmoreseriousreaders。"Asshallbedone，werethe30thofSeptembercome！
Hereisstillsomething，——ifitbenotrathernothing，byagreathand！Dateuncertain；Camp—of—Chlumtime，prettyfaron:……
"Therearecontinualforagings，onbothsides；withpartiesmutuallydashingouttohinderthesame。ThePrussianshaveadetachedpostatSmirzitz；whichismuchharassedbyHungarianslurkingabout，shootingoursentryandthelike。Aninventiveheadcontrivesthisexpedient。StuffaPrussianuniformwithstraw；
fixitup，byaidofropesandcheck—strings，tostandwithmusketshouldered，andeventoglideabouttorightandleft，onjudiciouspulling。Soitisdone:strawmanismade；setuponhisropes，whentheTolpatchesapproach；andpensivelysaunterstoandfro，——hislivingcomradescrouchinginthebushesnearby。Tolpatchesfireonthewalkingstrawsentry；strawsentryfallsflat；Tolpatchesrushin，esurient，triumphant；areexplodedinasharpblastofmusketryfromthebushesallround，everywoundedmanmadeprisoner；——andcomenomorebacktothatpost。"Friedrichhimselfrecordsthislittlefact:"slightpleasantrytorelievethereader’smind，"sayshe，innarratingit。[OEuvres，iii。123。]
——Enoughofthosesmallmatters，whilesomanylargearewaiting。
June26th，amonthbeforeChlum，GeneralNassauhadbeendetached，withsome8or10，000，acrossGlatzCountry，intoUpperSilesia，tosweepthatclearagain。Hautcharmoi，quittingtheFrontierTowns，hasjoined，raisinghimto15，000；andNassauisgivingexcellentaccountofthemultitudinousPandourdoggeriesthere；andwillretakeKosel，andhaveUpperSilesiasweptbeforeverylong。
[Kosel，"September5th:"Excellent，lucidandevenentertainingAccountofNassau’sExpedition，intheformofDIARY（amodel，ofitskind），inFeldzuge，iv。257，371，532。]
Ontheotherhand，theElectionmatter（KAISERWAHL，amostimportantpoint）isobviouslyinthreatening，orevenindesperatestate！ThatfamedMiddle—RhineArmyhasgonetothe——whatshallwesay？
JULY5th—19th，MIDDLE—RHINECOUNTRY。"ThefirstElection—newsthatreachesFriedrichisfromtheMiddle—RhineCountry，andofverybadcomplexion。ReadersrememberTraun，andhisBathyanis，andhisintentionsuponContithere。IntheendofMay，oldTraun，thingsbeingallcompletedinBavaria，hadgotonmarchwithhisBavarianArmy，say40，000，tolookintoPrinceContidowninthoseparts；
afactveryinterestingtothePrince。Traunheldleftward，westward，asiffortheNeckarValley，——’PerhapsintendingtobethroughuponElsass，inthosesouthernundefendedportionsoftheRhine？’Conti，andhisSegur，andMiddle—RhineArmystooddiligentlyontheirguard；gottheirforces，defences，apparatuses，hurriedsouthward，fromFrankfurtquarterwheretheylayonwatch，intothoseNeckarregions。Whichseentobedone，Traunwhirledrapidlytorightward，tonorthward；crossedtheMaynatWertheim，whollyleavingtheNeckaranditsConti；havingweightybusinessquiteintheotherdirection，——onthenorthsideoftheMayn，namely；ontheKinzigRiver，whereBathyani（whohastakenD’Ahremberg’scommandbelowFrankfurt，andmeanstobestirhimselfinanotherthantheD’Ahrembergfashion）istomeethimonasetday。Traunhavingthus，bystrategicsuction，pulledtheMiddle—
RhineArmyoutofhisandBathyani’sway，hopestheytwowillmanageajunctionontheKinzig；afterjunctiontheywillbealittlestrongerthanConti，thoughdecidedlyweakertakenonebyone。Traun，inthelongJunedays，hadsuchamarch，throughtheSpessartForest（MaynRivertohisleft，withouroldfriendsDettingen，Aschaffenburg，fardownintheplain），aswashardlyeverknownbefore:pathlesswildernesses，rockysteepsandchasms；
theswelteringJunesunsendingdowntheuppersnowsuponhimintheformofmuddyslush；sothat’theinfantryhadtowadehaunch—
deepinmanyofthehollowparts，andnearlyallthecavalrylostitshorse—shoes。’Astrenuousmarch；andawell—schemed。ForattheKinzigRiver（ContistillfaroffintheNeckarcountry），Bathyanipunctuallyappeared，ontheoppositeshore；andTraunandhetookcamptogether；July5th，atLangen—Selbord（fewmilesnorthofHanau，whichweknow）；——andrestthere；calculatingthatContiisnowamanageablequantity；——andcomfortablywaittilltheGrand—
Dukearrives。[Adelung，iv。421；v。36。]Forthisis，theoretically，HISArmy；Grand—DukeFranzbeingtheCommander’sCloak，thisseason；asKarlwaslast，——arightluckyCloakhe，whileTraunlurkedunderhim，notsoluckysince！July13th，Franzarrived；andTraun，underFranz，instantlywentintoConti（nowagaininthoseFrankfurtparts）；clutchedatConti，Briareus—like，inamultiformalarmingmanner:sothatContilosthead；tooktomereretreating，rushingabout，burningbridges；——andinfine，July19th，hadflunghimselfbodilyacrosstheRhine（cloudsofTolpatchesstickingtohim），andleftoldTraunandhisGrand—Dukesupremelordinthoseparts。WhodidNOTinvadeElsass，aswasnowexpected；butlayatHeidelberg，intendingtoplaypacificallyasurercard。AllFrenchareoutofTeutschlandagain；andthegamegivenup。Inwhataprematureandshamefulmanner！
thinksFriedrich。
"NominallyitwastheGrand—DukethatflungContiovertheRhine；
anddeliveredTeutschlandfromitsplagues。Afterwhichfinefeat，salvatorytotheCauseofLiberty，anddestructivetoFrenchinfluence，whatistopreventhiselectiontotheKaisership？
Friedrichcomplainsaloud:’Contihasgivenitup；youdrafted15，000fromhim（forimaginaryusesintheNetherlands），——youhavegivenitup，then！Wasthatourbargain？’’Wehavegivenitup，’
answersD’ArgensontheWar—minister，writingtoValori；’but，’——
Andsupplies，insteadofperformanceaccordingtothelawsoffact，eloquentlogic；verysuperfluoustoFriedrichandthesaidlaws！——
Valori，andtheFrenchMinisteratDresden，hadagainbeentryingtostirupthePolishMajestytostandforKaiser；butofcoursethatenterprise，eagerasthePolishMajestymightbeforsuchadignity，hadnowtocollapse，andbecometotallyhopeless。AnewofferofFriedrich’stoco—operatehadbeenrefusedbyBruhl，withabrevity，adecisiveness——’Thinksmefinished（AUXABOIS），’saysFriedrich；’andnotworthgivingtermsto，onsurrendering！’
Thefoolishlittlecreature；insolentinthewrongquarter！"
[OEuvresdeFrederic，iii。128。]
’TheGermanBurden，then，——whichsurelywasmutual，atlowest，andlatelywasFrenchaltogether，——theFrenchhavethrownitoff；
theFrenchhavedroppedtheirendoftheBEARING—POLES（sotospeak），andleftFriedrichbyhimself，tostandorstagger，underthebewelteredbrokenharness—gearandintolerableweight！Thatisone’spaymentforcuttingtheropefromtheirnecklastyear！——
Longsince，whilethepresentCampaignwasbeingpreparedfor，undersuchfinancialpressures，Friedrichhadbethoughthim，"TheFrenchmight，atleastgivememoney，iftheycannothingelse？"——andhehadonedaypennedaLetterwiththatobject；
buthadthrownitintohisdeskagain，"No；nottilltheverylastextremity，that！"Friedrichdidatlastdespatchtheunpleasantmissive:"ServicedoneyouinElsass，letussaylittleofit；
buttherepaymenthasbeenzerohitherto:yourBavarianexpenses（poorKaisergone，andPeaceofFussencome！）arenowended:——
Aroundsum，sayof600，000pounds，isbecomingindispensablehere，ifwearetokeeponourfeetatall！"HerrRanke，whohasseentheMostChristianKing’sresponse（thoughinacapriciousway），finds"threeorfoursuccessiveredactions"ofthedifficultpassage；
allpainfullymeaning，"Impossible，alas！"——painfullyadding，"Wewilltry，however！"And，afterduecunctations，Friedrichwaitingsilentthewhile，——Louis，MostChristianKing，whohadfailedinsomanythingstowardsFriedrich，doesempowerValoriToofferhimasubsidyof600，000livresamonth，tillweseefarther。
Twentythousandpoundsamonth；hehopesthiswillsuffice，beinghimselfrunterriblylow。Friedrich’sfeelingistobeguessed:
"SuchadolemightanswertoaLandgrafofHessen—Darmstadt；buttomeisnotintheleastsuitable；"——andflatlyrefusesit；
FIEREMENT，saysValori。[Ranke，iii。235，299n。（nottheleastofDATEallowedusineithercase）；Valori。i。240。]
MONGROSVALORI，whocouldnothimselfhelpallthis，poorsoul，"fallsnowintocompletedisgrace；"waitsdailyuponFriedrichatthegivingoutoftheparole，"butfrequentlyhisMajestydoesnotspeaktomeatall。"Hardlylooksatme，oronlylooksasifIhadsuddenlybecomeZeroIncarnate。Itisnowinthesedays，Isuppose，thatFriedrichwritesaboutthe"ScamanderBattle"（ofFontenoy），and"CaptureofPekin，"bywayofhelpingonetofighttheAustriansaccordingtoTreaty。Andhasatouchofbittersarcasminutteringhiscomplaintsagainst，suchtreatment，——theheartofhim，Isuppose，bitterenough。MostChristianKinghasfeltthisoftheScamander，Friedrichperceives；Louis’snextlettertestifiespique；——andofcoursewearefartherfromhelp，onthatside，thanever。"FromtheSTANDEoftheKur—Mark[Brandenburg]Friedrichwasofferedaconsiderablesubsidyinstead；andjoyfullyacceptedthesame，’asaloan:’"——paiditpunctuallyback，too；andnever，allhisdays，forgotitofthoseSTANDE。[Stenzel，iv。255；Ranke，&c。]
CAMPOFDIESKAU:BRITANNICMAJESTYMAKESPEACE，FORHIMSELF，WITHFRIEDRICH；BUTCANNOTFORAUSTRIAORSAXONY。
AboutthemiddleofAugust，therearecertainSaxonphenomenawhichawakendreadexpectationintheworld。Friedrich，watching，Argus—
like，nearandfar，inhisChlumobservatory，hasnoticedthatPrinceKarlisgettingreinforcedinKonigsgratz；10，000lately，7，000morecoming；——andcontrariwisethattheSaxonsseemtobestragglingofffromhim；ebbingaway，corpsaftercorps，——towardsSaxony，canitbe？Therearewhispersof"Bavarianauxiliaries"
beinghiredforthem，too。AndlittleBruhl’slateinsolence；
Bruhl’sevidentbeliefthat"wearefinished（AUXABOIS）"？
Puttingallthistogether，Friedrichjudges——withanindignationverynatural——thatthereisagainsomeinsidiousSaxonmischief，mostlikelyanattackonBrandenburg，inthewind。FriedrichorderstheOldDessauer，"Marchintothem，delaynolonger！"andpublishesaclangorouslyindignantManifesto（evidentlyhisownwriting，andcomingfromtheheart）:[InAdelung，v。64—71（nodate；"middleofAugust，"saytheBooks）。]"Howtheyhave，notboundbytheirAustrianTreaty，wantonlyinvadedourSilesia；have，sinceandbefore，inspiteofourforbearance，donesomanythings:——and，infact，havefinallyexhaustedourpatience；andareforcingustoseekredressandsafetybythenaturalmethods，"whichtheywillseehowtheylike！——
OldLeopoldadvancesstraightway，asbidden，directfortheSaxonfrontier。TowhomFriedrichshootsoffdetachments，——PrinceDietrich，withsomanythousands，toreinforcePapa；thenGeneralGesslerwithsomany，——tillPapais30，000odd；andcouldeatSaxonyatamouthful；nothingwhateverbeingyetreadythereonBruhl’spart，thoughhehassuchimmensethingsinthewind！——
NeverthelessFriedrichagainpaused；didnotyetstrike。TheSaxonquestionhasRussianbug—bears，noendofcomplications。
HisBritannicMajesty，nowatHanover，andhisprudentHarringtonwithhim，areintheactoflaboring，withallearnestness，forageneralAgreementwithFriedrich。Withoutfartherbitterness，embroilmentandbloodshed:howmuchpreferableforFriedrich！
OldDessauer，therefore，pauses:"CampofDieskau，"whichwehaveoftenheardof，closeontheSaxonBorder；standsthere，lookingover，aswithsworddrawn，30，000goodswords，——butnostroke，notforalmostthreemonthsmore。Inthreemonths，wretchedBruhlhadnotrepented；but，onthecontrary，hadcompletedhispreparations，andgonetowork；——andthestrokedidfall，aswillbeseen。
ThatisBruhl’spostureinthematter。[Ranke，iii。231，314。]
ToBritannicGeorge，foragoodwhilepast，ithasbeenmanifestthatthePragmaticSanction，initsoriginalform，isanextinctobject；thatreconquestofSilesia，andsuchlike，ismelancholymoonshine；andthat，infact，towardsfightingtheFrenchwitheffect，itishighlynecessarytomakepeacewithFriedrichofPrussiaagain。ThisoncemoreisGeorge’sandhisHarrington’sfixedview。Friedrich’sownwishesareknown，orusedtobe，eversincethelateKaiser’sdeath，——thoughlatterlyhehasfallensilent，andevenavoidsthetopicwhenoffered（knowinghisman）！
HerringtonhastoapplyformallytoFriedrich’sMinisteratHanover。"Verywell，iftheyareinearnestthistime，"soFriedrichinstructshisMinister:"Mytermsareknowntoyou；
nochangeadmissibleintheterms；——donotspeakwithmeonitfarther:and，observe，withinfourweeks，thethingfinished，orelsebrokenoff！"[Ranke，iii。277—281。]Andinthissensetheyarelaboringincessantly，withAustria，withSaxony，——withouttheleastsuccess；——andExcellencyRobinsonhasagainapantinguncomfortabletime。HereisasceneRobinsontransactsatVienna，whichgivesusacuriousface—to—faceglimpseofherHungarianMajesty，whileFriedrichisinhisCampatChlum。
SCHONBRUNN，2dAUGUST，1745，ROBINSONHASAUDIENCEOF
HERHUNGARIANMAJESTY。
Robinson，inacopioussonorousspeech（ratherapttobecopious，andtofallintotheParliamentaryCANTO—FERMO），setsforthhowextremelyillweAlliesarefaringontheFrenchhand；nothingdoneuponSilesiaeither；ahopelessmatterthat，——isitnot，yourMajesty？AndyourMajesty’sforcesalllyingthere，inmeredead—
lock；andweinsuchneedofbhem！"PeacewithPrussiaisindispensable。"——TowhichherMajestylistened，instatuesquesilencemostly；"neversawhersoreservedbefore，myLord。"……
ROBINSON……"’Madam，theDutchwillbeobligedtoacceptNeutrality’[andplumpdownagain，aftersuchhoisting]！
QUEEN。"’Well，andiftheydid，they？"ItwouldbeeasiertoaccommodatewithFranceitself，andsofinishthewholematter，thanwithPrussia。"MyArmycouldnotgettotheNetherlandsthisseason。NoGeneralofminewouldundertakeconductingitatthisdayoftheyear。PeacewithPrussia，whatgoodcoulditdoatpresent？’
ROBINSON。"’Englandhasalreadyfound，forsubsidies，thisyear，1，178，753pounds。Cannotgoonatthatrate。PeacewithPrussiaisoneofthereturnstheEnglishNationexpectsforallithasdone。’
QUEEN。"’ImusthaveSilesiaagain:withoutSilesiatheKaiserhoodwereanemptytitle。"OrwouldyouhaveusadministeritundertheguardiancyofPrussia！"’……
ROBINSON。"’InBohemiaitselfthingsdon’tlookwell；nothingdoneonFriedrich:yourSaxonsseemtobeqnarrellingwithyou，andgoinghome。’
QUEEN。"’PrinceKarlishimselfcapableoffightingthePrussiansagain。Tillthat，donotspeaktomeofPeace！GrantmeonlytillOctober！’
ROBINSON。"’PrussiawillhelptheGrand—DuketoKaisership。’
QUEEN。"’TheGrand—DukeisnotsoambitionsofanemptyhonorastoengageinitunderthetutelageofPrussia。Considerfarther:
theImperialdignity，isitcompatiblewiththefataldeprivationofSilesia？"Oneotherbattle，Isay！GoodGod，givemeonlytillthemonthofOctober！"’
ROBINSON。"’Abattle，Madam，ifwon，won’treconquerSilesia；
iflost，yourMajestyisruinedathome。’
QUEEN。"’DUSSE’JECONCLUREAVECLUILELENDEMAIN，JELUILIVRERAIS
BATAILLECESOIR（HadItoagreewithhimto—morrow，Iwouldtryhiminabattlethisevening）！’"[Robinson’sDespatch，4thAugust，1745。Ranke，iii。287；Raumer，pp。161，162。]
HerMajestyisnottobehindered；deaftoRobinson，toherBritannicGeorgewhopaysthemoney。"Cruelman，isthatwhatyoucallkeepingthePragmaticSanction；dismemberingmeofProvinceafterProvince，nowinGermany，theninItaly，onpretextofnecessity？HasnotEnglandmoney，then？DoesnotEnglandlovetheCauseofLiberty？GivemetillOctober！"HerMajestydidtaketillOctober，andlater，asweshallsee；poorGeorgenotabletohinder，bypowerofthepurseorotherwise:whocanhinderhighfemales，orlow，whentheygetintotheirhumors？MuchofthisAustrianobstinacy，thinkimpartialpersons，wasoffemalenature。
WeshallseewhatprofitherMajestymadebytakingtillOctober。
AsforGeorge，thetimebeingrun，andherMajestyandSaxonyunpersuadable，hedeterminedtoacceptFriedrich’stermshimself，inhopeofgraduallybringingtheotherstodoit。August26th，atHanover，thereissignedaCONVENTIONOFHANOVERbetweenFriedrichandhim:"PeaceontheoldBreslau—Berlinterms，——preciselythesameterms，butBritannicMajestytohavethemguaranteedbyAllthePowers，ontheGeneralPeacecoming，——sothattherebenosnake—procedurehenceforth。"SilesiaFriedrich’swithoutfail，dearHanoverunmolestedevenbyathoughtofFriedrich’s；——andherHungarianMajestytobeinvited，nayurgedbyeveryfeasiblemethod，toaccede。[Adelung，v。75；is"inRousset，xix。441；"
in&c。&c。]Whichdone，BritannicMajesty——fortherehashungitselfout，intheScotchHighlands，theotherday（"Glenfinlas，August12th"），acertainStandard"TANDEMTRIUMPHANS，"andunpleasantthingsareimminent！——hurrieshomeathisbestpace，andhashishandsfullthere，forsometime。OnAustria，onSaxony，hecouldnotprevail:"Bynomannerofmeans！"answeredthey；andwenttheirownroad，——jinglinghisBritannicsubsidiesintheirpocket；
regardlessoftheonceSupremeJove，whoissunknowtoaverydifferentfigureontheGermanboards。
Friedrich’soutlookisverybad:suchaWartogoon，andnotevenfinancetodoitwith。Hisintimates，hisRothenburgonetime，have"foundhimsunkingloomythought。"Buthewearsabrightfaceusually。Nowaveringordoubtinginhim，hismindmadeup；whichisagreathelpthatway。Friedrichindicates，andhasindicatedeverywhere，formanymonths，thatPeace，preciselyontheoldfooting，isallhewants:"TheKaiserbeingdead，whomItookuparmstodefend，whatfartherobjectisthere？"sayshe。
"RenounceSilesia，morehonestlythanlasttime；engagetohaveitguaranteedbyeverybodyattheGeneralPeace（orperhapsHohenfriedbergwillhelptoguaranteeit），——andImarchhome！"
Mymoneyisrunningdown，privatelythinkshe；guaranteeSilesia，andIshallbegladtogo。Ifnot，Imustraisemoneysomehow；meltthebigsilverbalustradesatBerlin，borrowfromtheSTANDE，ordosomething；and，infact，muststandhere，unlessSilesiaisguaranteed，andstruggletillIdie。
ThatlatterwithalisstillprivatelyFriedrich’sthought。Underhislightair，hecarriesunspokenthatgrimlycleardetermination，atalltimes，nowandhenceforth；anditisanimmensehelptotheguidanceofhim。Anindispensable，indeed。Nokingorman，attemptinganythingconsiderableinthisworld，needexpecttoachieveitexcept，tacitly，onthosesameterms，"Iwillachieveitordie！"Fortheworld，inspiteofrumorstothecontrary，isalwaysmuchofabedlamtothesanity（sofarashemayhaveany）
ofeveryindividualman。Astrictplace，moreover；itsverybedlamismsflowingbylaw，asdoalikethesuddenmud—deluges，andthesteadyAtlantictides，andallthingswhatsoever:aworldinexorable，truly，asgravitationitself；——anditwillbehooveyoutofrontitinasimilarhumor，asthetacitbasisforwhateverwiseplansyoulay。InFriedrich，fromthefirstentranceofhimonthestageofthings，wehavehadtorecognizethisprimequality，inafinetacitform，toacompletedegree；andtillhislastexit，weshallneverfinditwanting。Tacitenough，unconsciousalmost，notgiventoarticulateitselfatall；——andiftherebelessofpietythanwecouldwishinthesilenceofit，thereisatleastnoplay—actormendacity，orcantofdevoutness，topoisonthehighworthofit。NobraverlittlefigurestandsontheEarthatthatepoch。Ready，atthedueseason，withhismindsilentlymadeup；——abletoanswerdiplomaticRobinsons，BartensteinsandtheveryDestinieswhentheyapply。Ifyouwillwithdrawyoursnakishnotions，willguaranteeSilesia，willgivehimbackhisoldTreatyofBerlininanirrefragableshape，hewillmarchhome；ifnot，hewillnevermarchhome，butbecarriedthitherdeadrather。Thatishisintention，ifthegodspermit。
GRAND—DUKEFRANZISELECTEDKAISER（13THSEPTEMBER，1745）；