ThePrussianVanguard，oneKrockowitscommander，repulsedthatfirstAustrianattack；swepttheBassclearforsomeminutes；gottheirsectionofthecarriages，orsomepartofit，250inall，hurriedthrough；thenhaltedonthesafeside，towaitwhatZiethenwoulddowiththeremainder。Ziethendoeshisbestandbravest，aseverybodydoes；keepshiswagon—chaospluggeddown；ranksitinsquaremass，asawagonfortress（WAGENBURG）；rankshimselfandeverybody，hiscannon，hisplatoonmusketry，tothebestadvantageroundit；furiouslyshootsoutinallmannerofways，againstthefuriousLoudononthisflank，andthefuriousZiskowitzonthat；
takeshills，losesthem；repelsandisrepelled（wagon—chaoseverhardertokeepplugged）；finallyperceiveshimselftobebeaten；
thatthewagon—chaoshasgotunplugged（fancyit！）——andthathe，Ziethen，mustretreat；backforemostifpossible。Hedidretreat，fightingallthewaytoTroppau；andtheConvoyisaruinandaprey。
Krockow，withthe250，hasgotunderwayagain；hearingthepowder—
wagonsstartintotheair（firedbytheenemy），andhearingthecannonandmusketrytakeanortherlycourse，anddieawayinthatominousdirection。These250wereallthecarriagesthatcamein:——
happily，byZiethen’sprudence，themoney，alargesum，hadbeenlodgedinthevanmostofthese。TherestoftheConvoy，ball，powder，bread，wasoflittlevaluetoLoudon，butbeyondvaluetoFriedrichatthismoment；andithasgonetoannihilationandthebellyofChaosandtheCroats。AmongthetragicwrecksofthisConvoythereisonethatstillgoestoourheart。Alongish，almoststraightrowofyoungPrussianrecruitsstretchedamongtheslain，whatarethese？Thesewere700recruitscomingupfromtheircantonstotheWars；hardlyyetsixmonthsintraining:seehowtheyhavefoughttothedeath，poorlads，andhavehonorably，onthesudden，gotmanumittedfromthetoilsoflife。Sevenhundredofthemstoodtoarms，thismorning；somesixty—fivewillgetbacktoTroppau；thatistheinvoiceaccount。Theyliethere，withtheirblondyoungcheeksandlighthair；beautifulindeath；——couldnothavedonebetter，thoughthesacredpoethassaidnothingofthemhitherto，——norneed，tilltimesmendwithusandhim。Adieu，mynobleyoungBrothers；sobrave，somodest，noSpartannornoRomanmore；maythesilencebeblessedtoyou！
Contrarytosomecurrentnotions，itiscomfortablyevidentthattherewasaconsiderablefireofloyaltyinthePrussianstowardstheirKing，duringthisWar；loyaltykeptwellundercover，notwastingitselfinharanguesornoisyfroth；butcomingout，amongallranksofmen，inpracticalattemptstobeofhelpinthishighstruggle，whichwastheirownaswellashis。TheSTANDE，landedGentry，ofPommernandotherplaces，weheardoftheirpoorlittleNavyoftwelvegunboats，whichwerealltakenbytheSwedes。
MilitiaRegimentstoo，whichdidgoodserviceatColberg，asmaytransientlyappearbyandby:——inthegentryorupperclasses，arespectablezealfortheirKing。Then，amongthepeasantryorlowerclass——HereareSevenHundredwhostoodwellwhereheplantedthem。
AndtheirMothers——BeSpartanalso，yeMothers！Inpeaceabletimes，TempelhoftellsusthePrussianMotherisusuallyproudofhavinghersoninthisKing’sservice:acountrywifewillsaytoyou:"Ihavethreeofthem，allintheregiment，"Billerbeck，Itzenplitz，orwhateverbetheCantonregiment；"theeldestisteninches[standsfivefeetten]，thesecondiseleven，thethirdeight，forindeedheisyetyoung。"
Daun，onthedayofthisDomstadtlbusiness，andbywayofmaskingit，feelinghowvitalitwas，madevariousextensivemovements，acrosstheRiverbyseveralBridges；thenhither，thither，onthefarthersideofOlmutz，mazingupanddown:Friedrichobservinghim，tillheshouldripentosomethingdefinite，followedhisbombardingthewhile；perhapshavinghopesofwagerofbattleensuing。OfthedisasteratDomstadtlFriedrichcouldknownothing，Loudonhavingclosedtheroads。Daunbynomeansripensintobattle:newsofthedisasterreachedFriedrichnextday（Saturday，July1st），——who"immediatelyassembledhisGenerals，andspokeafewinspiringwordstothem，"suchaswemayfancy。FriedrichperceivesthatOlmutzisover；thathisThirdCampaign，thirdlungeupontheEnemy’sheart，hasprosperedworse，thusfar，thaneitheroftheothers；thathemuststraightwayendthisofOlmutz，withoutanysuccesswhatever，andtrytheremainingmethodsandresources。
Nowordofcomplaint，theysay，isheardfromFriedrichinsuchcases；facealwayshopeful，tonecheery。AmaninFriedrich’spositionneedsagooddealofStoicism，Greekorother。
ThatSaturdaynightthePrussianbombardmentisquiteuncommonlyfurious，longcontinuing；nonightyetlikeit:——thePrussiansareshootingofftheirsuperfluousammunitionthisnight；donotquiteendtillSundayisin。OnSundayitself，packings，preparations，allcompleted；and，"Keith，withabove4，000wagons，safeontheroadsince2A。M。"——thePrussianssoftlyvanishinlongsmoothstreams，withmusicplaying，unmolestedbyDaun；andleavingnothing，itisboasted，butfiveorthreemortars，whichkeptplayingtothelast，andonecannon，towhichsomethinghadhappened。
Oftheretreattherecouldbemuchsaid，instructivetomilitarymenwhowerestudious；extremelyfineretreat，sayalljudges；——ofwhichmyreaderscraveonlytheoutlines，theresults。Daun，itwasthought，shouldhaveruinedFriedrichinthisretreat；buthedidnothingofharmtohim。Infact，foraweekhecouldnotcomprehendthephenomenonatall，anddidnotstirfromhisplace，——whichwasontheother，orwrong，sideoftheRiver。DaunhadneverdoubtedbuttheretreatwouldbetoSilesia；andhehadmadehisdetachments，andlaidhimselfoutfordoingsomethinguponit，inthatdirection:but，lo，whatroadsarethese，whatmotionswhitherward？Inaboutaweekitbecomesmanifestthattheretreat，whichgoesonvariousroads，sometimesthreeatonce，hasconvergedonLeutomischl；straightforBohemiainsteadofSilesia；andthatDaunisfallensevendaysbehindit；incapablenowtodoanything。
NoteventheMagazineatLeutomischlcouldbegotaway，norcouldeventhewholeofitbeburnt。
KeithandthebaggageoncesafeinLeutomischl（July8th），allgoesindeliberatelongcolumn；Friedrichaheadtoopenthepassages。
July14th，afterfivemoremarches，FriedriohburstsupKonigsgratz；scatteringanyoppositionthereis；andsitsdownthere，inapositionconsidered，heknowswellhowinexpugnable；
toliveontheCountry，andsurveyevents。The4，000baggage—wagonscameinaboutentire。Fouquethadthefirstdivisionofthem，andasecondarychargeofthewhole；anextremelystrict，almostpedanticman，andofveryfierytemper:"HE，D’OUVENEZ—VOUS？"askedhesharplyofRetzowsenior，whohadbrokenthroughhisorder，oneday，toavertgreatmischief:"Howcomeyouhere，MONGENERAL？"
"BytheHighway，yourExcellency！"answeredRetzowinagravestifftone。[Retzow，i。302。]
Keithhimselftakestherear—guard，themostticklishpostofall，andmanagesitwell，andwithsuccess，ashiswontis。
Undersicknessatthetime，butwithhisusualvigilance，prudence，energy；qualitiesapttobesuccessfulinWar。SomebrushesofCroatfightinghehadfromLoudon；buttheydidnotamounttoanything。ItwasatHolitz，withinamarchofKonigsgratz，thatLoudonmadehischiefattempt；avehement，well—intendedthing；
whichlookedwellatonetime。ButKeithheardthecannonadingahead；hurriedupwithnewcavalry，newsagacityandfireofenergy；dashedouthorse—charges，seizedhill—tops，ofavitalnature；andquicklyendedtheaffair。Amanfieryenough，andpromptwithhisstrokewhenwanted，thoughcommonlysoquiet。
"TellMonsieur，"——someGeneralwhoseemedtoostupidortoolanguidonthisoccasion，——"TellMonsieurfromme，"saidKeithtohisAide—
de—camp，"hemaybeaveryprettything，butheisnotaman（QU’IL
PEUTETREUNEBONNECHOSE，MAISQU’ILN’ESTPASUNHOMME）！"
[Varnhagen，Lebendes&c。JakobvonKeith，
p。227。]TheexcellentvernacularKeith；——stillafinebreadthofaccentinhim，oneperceives！Heisnowpastsixty；troubledwithasthma；andIdoubtnotmaybe，occasionally，thinkingitneartimetoendhiscampaigns。Andinfact，heisaboutendingthem；
soonerthanheoranybodyhadexpected。
Daun，pickinghisstepsandpositions，latterlywiththreefoldprecaution，gotintoKonigsgratzneighborhood，aweekafterFriedrich；andlookeddownwithenigmaticwonderuponFriedrich’snewsettlementthere。Forageabundantallround，andthecorn—
harvestgrowingwhite；——here，strangetosay，hasFriedrichgotplantedintheinsideofthoseinnumerableDaunredoubts，and"woodsofabatis；"andmightmakeaverypretty"BohemianCampaign"
ofit，afterall，wereDauntheonlyadversaryhehad！Judgesareofopinion，thatDaun，withallhissuperiorityofnumber，couldnothavedisrootedFriedrichthisseason。[Tempelhof，ii。170—176，185；——who，unluckily，insoldierfashion，hereastoooftenelsewhere，doesnotgiveustheArithmeticalNumbersofeach，butcountsby"Battalions"and"Squadrons，"which，exceptintimeofPeace，areatotallyuncertainquantity:——guessvaguely，75，000
against30，000。]DaundidtryhimbythePandourmethods，"1，000
CroatsstealinginuponKonigsgratzatoneinthemorning，"andthelike；buttheseavailednothing。Bytheoneeffectualmethod，thatofbeatinghiminbattle，Daunneverwouldhavetried。WhatdiddisrootFriedrich，then？——Takethefollowingdates，andsmallhintsofphenomenainotherpartsofthebigTheatreofWar。
"Konitz"isalittlePolishTown，midwaybetweenDantzigandFriedrich’sDominions:——
"KONITZ，16thJUNE，1758。ThisdayFeldmarschallFermorarrivesinhisprincipalCamphere。FormanyweekspasthehasbeendribblingacrosstheWeichselhitherward，intovarioussmallcamps，withCossackPartiesflyingabout，undercheckofGeneralPlaten。
Butnow，beingallacross，andreunited，FermorshootsoutCossackPartiesofquiteotherweightandatrocity；andisreadytobeginbusiness，——stillalittleuncertainhow。HisCossacks，undertheirDemikows，Romanzows；capableofnogoodfighting，butofendlessincendiarymischiefintheneighborhood；——shootfaraheadintoPrussianterritory:Platen，HordtwithhisFree—Corps，arebeautifullysharpuponthem；butmanybeatingsavaillittle。
’TheyburnthetownofDriesen[Hordthavingbeenharduponthemthere]；townofRatzebuhr，andnineteenvillagesaround；’——burnpooroldwomenandmen，onepooroldclergymanespecially，windhimwellinstraw—roping，thensetfire，andleavehim；——andareworsethanfiendsorhyenas。NottobecheckedbyPlaten’sbestdiligence；not，intheend，byPlatenandDohnatogether。Dohna（18thJune）hasrisenfromStralsundincheckofthem，——leavingtheunfortunateSwedestocomeout[shrunktoabout7，000，sounsalutarytheirstockfishdietthere]，——thesehyena—Cossacksbeingthefarmorepressingthing。Dohnaisdiligent，givesthemmanyslapsandchecks；Dohnacannotcutthetap—rootofthemintwo；
thatistosay，fightFermorandbeathim:othereffectualchecktherecanbenone。[Helden—Geschichte，v。149
etseq。；Tempelhof，ii。135&c。]
"TSCHOPAU（inSaxony），21stJUNE。PrinceHenrihasquittedBambergCountry；andishomeagain，carefullyposted，atTschopauandupanddown，onthesouthernsideofSaxony；withhiseyewellonthePassesoftheMetalMountains，——wherenow，intheturnthingsatOlmutzhavetaken，hisclearfateistobeinvaded，NOTtoinvade。
TheReichsArmy，fairlyafootintheCircleofSaatz，countsitself35，000；add15，000Austriansofasolidquality，thereisaReichsArmyof50，000inall，thisYear。AndwillcertainlyinvadeSaxony，——thoughitisinnohurry；doesnotstirtillAugustcome，andwillfindPrinceHenrielaboratelyonhisguard，andlittletobemadeofhim，thoughheisasonetotwo。
"CREFELD（RhineCountry），23dJUNE。DukeFerdinand，afterskilfulshovingandadvancing，somefortyorfiftymiles，onhisneworFrenchsideoftheRhine，findstheFrenchdrawnupatCrefeld（June23d）；47，000ofthemVERSUS33，000:inaltogetherintricateground；canal—ditches，osier—thickets，farm—villages，peat—bogs。
Grounddefensibleagainsttheworld，hadthe47，000hadaCaptain；
butreasonablysafetoattack，withnothingbutaClermontactingthatcharacter。Ferdinand，Icanperceive，knewhisClermont；
andtooklibertieswithhim。Dividedhimselfintothreeattacks:
oneinfront；oneonClermont’srightflank，bothofwhichcannonaded，asifinearnest，butdidnotpreventClermontgoingtodinner。Oneattackonfront，oneonrightflank；thentherewasathird，seeminglyonleftflank，butwhichwindeditselfround（perilouslyimprudent，hadtherebeenaCaptain，insteadofaClermontdeepishinwinebythistime），andburstinuponClermont’srear；jinglinghiswine—glassesanddecanters，thinkatwhatarate；——scatteringhis47，000andhimtotheroadagain，withalossofmen，whichwascountedto4，000（4，000against1，700），andofhonor——whateverwasstilltolose！"[Mauvillon，i。297—309；
Westphalen，i。588—604；Tempelhof；&c。&c。]
Ferdinand，itwashoped，wouldnowbeabletomaintainhimself，andpushforward，onthisFrenchsideoftheRhine:andhadWeselbeenhis（assomeofusknowitisnot！），perhaps。hemight。Atanyrate，veteranBelleisletookhismeasures:——dismissalofClermontPrinceoftheBlood，andappointmentofContades，amanofsomeskill；recallofSoubiseandhis24，000fromtheirAustrianintentions；theseandotherstrenuousmeasures，——andpreventedsuchconsummation。AgallantyoungComtedeGisors，onlysonofBelleisle，perishedinthatdisgracefulCrefeld:——unfortunateoldman，whatabusinessthatof"cuttingGermanyinfour"hasbeentoyou，firstandlast！
"LOUISBURG（NorthAmerica），JULY8th。LandingofGeneralAmherst’speopleatLouisburginCapeBreton；withaviewofbesiegingthatimportantplace。Whichhasnowbecomeextremelydifficult；
thegarrison，andtheirdefences，military，naval，beinginfullreadinessforsuchanevent。LandingwasdonebyBrigadierWolfe；
undertheeyeofAmherstandAdmiralBoscawenfromrearward，andunderabundantfireofbatteriesandmusketriesplayingonitahead:inoneofthesurfiestseas（butwehavewaitedfourdays，andithardlymends），tossingusaboutlikecorks；——sothat’manyoftheboatswerebroken；’andWolfeandpeople’hadtoleapout，breast—deep，’andmakefightforthemselves，thefasterthebetter，underveryintricatecircumstances！Whichwasvictoriouslydone，byWolfeandhispeople；reallyinaratherhandsomemanner，thatmorning。AswereallthesubsequentSiege—operations，onlandandonwater，bythemandtheothers:——till（August8th）theSiegeended:incompletesurrender，——positivelyforthelasttime（Pittfullyintends）；noAustrianNetherlandsnowtoputoneonrevokingit！[GeneralAmherst’sDIARYOFTHESIEGE（inGentleman’sMagazine，xxviii。384—389）。]
"Theseareprettyvictories，cheeringtoPittandFriedrich；
butthedifficultpointstillisthatofFermor。WhoseCossacks，andtheirdevil—likeravagings，arehideoustothinkof:——
unrestrainablebyDohna，unlesshecouldcuttherootofthem；
whichhecannot。JUNE27th[whileColonelMosel，withhis3，000
wagons，stillonlyonestagefromTroppau，wassobusy]，slowFermorrosefromKonitz；beganhitchingsouthward，southwardgraduallytoPosen，——aconsiderablystrongerPolishTown；ontheedgebothofBrandenburgandofSilesia；——andhasbeensittingthere，almosteversinceourentranceintoBohemia；hisCossacksburningandwastingtogreatdistancesinbothCountries；
nodecidingwhichofthemhemeanttoinvadewithhismainArmy。
Sitstherealmostamonth，enigmatictoDohna，enigmatictoFriedrich:tillFriedrichdecidesatlastthathecannotbesufferedlonger，whicheverofthemhemean；andrisesforSilesia（August2d）。PreciselyaboutwhichdayFermorhaddecidedforBrandenburg，androlledoverthither，towardsCustrinandtheFrankfurt—on—OderCountry，heraldedbyfireandmurder，asusual。"
Friedrich’smarchtoLandshutis，again，muchadmired。Daunhadbesetthethreegreatroads，thetwolikeliestespecially，withabundantPandours，andhisbestLoudonsandSt。Ignons:
Friedrich，makinghimselfenigmatictoDaun，struckintothethirdroadbySkalitz，Nachod；circuitous，steep，butlyingGlatz—ward，handyforsupportofvariouskinds。Hewasattempted，onceormore，byPandours，butusedthembadly；fellinwithDaun’soldabatis（wellwind—driednow），indifferentplaces，andburnttheminpassing。AndinfivedayswasinKloster—Grussau，safeonhisownsideoftheMountainsagain。Onepointonlywewillnote，inthesePandourturmoilings。FromSkalitz，thefirststageofhismarch，heanswersaLetterofBrotherHenri’s:——
TOPRINCEHENRI（atTachopauinSaxony）。"WhatyouwritetomeofmySisterofBaireuth[thatshehasbeeninextremity，cannotyetwrite，andmustnotbetoldofthePrinceofPrussia’sdeathlestitkillher]makesmetremble！NexttoourMother，sheiswhatI
havethemosttenderlylovedinthisworld。SheisaSisterwhohasmyheartandallmyconfidence；andwhosecharacterisofpricebeyondallthecrownsinthisuniverse。Frommytenderestyears，I
wasbroughtupwithher:youcanconceivehowtherereignsbetweenusthatindissolublebondofmutualaffectionandattachmentforlife，whichinallothercases，wereitonlyfromdisparityofages，isimpossible。WouldtoHeavenImightdiebeforeher；——andthatthisterroritselfdon’ttakeawaymylifewithoutmyactuallylosingher！"[OEuvresdeFrederic，xxvi。179，"Klenny，nearSkalitz，3dAugust，1758；"Henri’sLetterisdated"CampofTschopau，28thJuly"（ib。277）。]……
AtGrussau（August9th）hewritestohisdearWilhelminaherself:
"Oyou，thedearestofmyfamily，youwhomIhavemostatheartofallinthisworld，——forthesakeofwhateverismostprecioustoyou，preserveyourself，andletmehaveatleasttheconsolationofsheddingmytearsinyourbosom！FearnothingforUS，and"——
OKing，sheisdying，andIbelieveknowsit，thoughyouwillhopetothelast！ThereissomethingpiercinglytragicalinthosefinalLettersofFriedrichtohisWilhelmina，writtenfromsuchscenesofwreckandstorm，andinWilhelmina’sbeautifulever—lovingquietAnswers，dictatedwhenshecouldnolongerwrite。["July18th"isthelastbyherhand，and"almostillegible；"——stillextant，itseems，thoughwithheldfromus。WasreceivedatGrussauhere，andansweredatsomelength（OEuvres，xxvii。
i。316），accordingtothespecimenjustgiven。Twomoreofhersfollow，andfouroftheKing’s（ib。317—322）。Nearlymeaningless，asprintedthere，withoutcommentaryfortheunpreparedreader。]
FriedrichhadlastleftGrussauApril18th；hehasreturnedtoitAugust8th:aftersixteenweeksofaveryeventfulabsence。
InGrussauhestayedtwowholedays；——busyenoughhe，probably，thoughhispeoplewereresting！August10thhedrawsup，forPrinceHenri，"undersealofthemostabsolutesecrecy，"andwithadmirablebusiness—likestrictness，brevityandclearness，forgettingnothinguseful，rememberingnothinguseless，aPaperofDirectionsincaseofacertainevent:"Imarchto—morrowagainsttheRussians:astheeventsofWarmayleadtoallsortsofaccidents，anditmayeasilyhappentometobekilled，Ihavethoughtitmydutytoletyouknowwhatmyplanswere，"andwhatyouaretodointhatevent，——"theratherasyouareGuardianofourNephew[latePrinceofPrussia’sSon]withanunlimitedauthority。"OathfromallthearmiestheinstantIamkilled:
rapid，active，asever；theenemynottonoticethatthereisanychangeinthecommand。Iintendto"beattheRussiansutterly[APLATECOUTURE，splay—seam]，ifitbepossible；"thento&c。:——
givesyouhis"itinerary，"too，orprobableaddress，till"the25th"（notablyenough）；inshort，forgetsnothinguseful，norremembersanythingthatisnot，inspiteofhishurry。
["DISPOSITIONTESTAMENTAIRE"（sotheyhavelabelledit）；giveninOEuvres，iv。（APPENDICE）261，262。
Friedrich’sTESTAMENTproperisalreadymade，andallinorder，yearsago（"11thJanuary1752"）:ofthistherefollowedTwonewRedactions（newEDITIONSwithslightimprovements，"7thNovember，1768，"and"8thJanuary，1769"theFINALLYvalidone）；andvariousSupplements，orsummaryEnforcements（ashere），atdifferenttimesofcrisis。seePREUSS，iv。277，401，andOEuvresdeFrederic，vi。p。13（ofPreface），forsomeconfusedaccountofthatmatter。]ForMlnlsterFinckalsotherewentaPaper；seallzotneedingtobeopenedforthemoment。
WithMargrafKarl，andFouquetunderhim，whoaretoguardSilesia，heleavesintwoDivisionsaboutHalfthelateOlmutzArmy:——addedtotheotherforce，thiswillmakeabout40，000forthatservice。
[Stenzel，v。163。]Keithhasthechiefcommandhere；butisorderedtoBreslau，inthemeantime，foralittlerestandrecoveryofhealth。Friday，11thAugust，Friedrichhimself，withtheotherHalf，pushesofftowardsFermorandtheCossackdemons；
throughLiegnitz，throughHohenfriedbergCountry，straightforFrankfurt，withhisbestspeed。
ChapterXIII。
BATTLEOFZORNDORF。
Sunday，20thAugust，Friedrich，withhissmallArmy，hardlyabove15，000Ishouldguess，arrivedatFrankfurt—on—Oder:"hisMajesty，"
itseems，"lodgedintheLebusSuburb，inthehouseofaClergyman’sWidow；andwasobservedtogooftenoutofdoors，andlistentothecannonading，whichwasgoingonatCustrin。"
[Rodenbeck，i。347。]FromLandshuthither，hehascomeinninedays；theswiftestmarching；afieryspurofindignationbeinguponallhismenandhim，forthelasttwodaysfierierthanever，——
longingalltohaveablowatthoseincendiaryRussiangentlemen。
Fivedaysago，theRussians，attemptingblindlyontheGarrisonofCustrin，hadburnt，——nothingoftheGarrisonatall，——butthepoorlittleTownaltogether。Whichhasfilledeverybodywithlamentationandhorror。And，listenyonder，theyarestillbusyonthesolitaryGarrisonofCustrin；——audibleenoughtoFriedrichfromhisnorthernorLebusSuburb，whichliesnearesttheplace，atadistanceofsometwentymiles。
OfFermor’sred—hotsavageryonCustrin，itislamentablynecessaryweshouldsaysomething:tosaymuchwouldheawasteofrecord；
asthethingitselfwasawasteofpowder。Athinghideoustothinkof；withouttheleastprofittoFermor，butwithtotalruintoalltheinhabitants，andtothemanystrangerswhohadsoughtrefugethere。Oneinteriorcircumstanceismemorableandluckytous。
Artillery—CaptainTielckehappenedtobewiththesepeople；
hadcomeinthetrainof"twoSaxonPrinces，servingasvolunteers；"and，withasingularlucidity，andfaithfulgoodsense，notscientificalone，heilluminatesthesebiackRussianmattersforsuchashavetodowiththem。
Tielcke’sBookofContributionstotheArtofWar[BeytragezurKriege—Kunstund（ZUR）GeschichtedesKriegesvon1756bis1763（sixthinvols。4to，withmanyPlates）；citedabove。]isstillinreputewithSoldiers，especiallyintheArtilleryline；andindeedshowsasoundgeometricalhead，andcontainsbitsofexcellentHistoricalreadinginterspersedamongthescientificparts。ThisTielcke，itappears，wasacommonfoot—soldier，oneofthosePirna14，000madePrussianagainsttheirwill；butTielckehadamilkmaidforsweetheartinthoseregions，who，goodsoul，gavehimhergenerousfarewell，asuitofherclothes，perhapsapairofherpails；andinthatguisehewalkedoutofbondage。Clearaway；toWarsaw，tofavorwiththeKingandothers（beingofrealmerit，anexcellent，studious，modestlittleman）；andherehenowreappears，inahighercapacity；asarticulateEye—witnessoftheCustrinBusinessandtheZorndorf，amongmuchotherRussiandarkness，whichshallremaincomfortablyblanktous。
UptoCustrin，theJournaloftheOperationsoftheRussianArmy，whichIcouldgivefromdaytoday，["TAGEBUCHBEYDER&c。（DiaryofbothArmiesfromthebeginningoftheCampaigntillZorndorf"），inTielcke，ii。1—75；Tempelhof，ii。136，216—224；Helden—
Geschichte，v。；&c。&c。]isofnointerestexcepttotheNetherPowersofthisUniverse；theRussianOperationshithertohavingconsistedinslowmarches，sluttishcookeries，cantonings，bivouackings，withdestructionofapoorinnocentCountry，andarson，theftandmurderdoneonthegreatscalebyinhumanvagabonds，Cossackssocalled，nottemperedonthisoccasionbythemercyofCalmucks。TheregularRussianArmy，itappears，participatesinthecommonhorrorofmankindagainstsuchamethodofmakingwar；butneitherFeldmarschallFermor，norGeneralDemikof（properlyTHEMICOUD，aSwiss，deservinglittlethanksfromus，whohastakeninhandtocommandtheseMissionariesofthePit），canhelptheresultsabovedescribed。Whicharejustlycharacterizedasabominable，togodsandmen；andnotfittoberecordedinhumanAnnals；execration，and，ifitwerepossible，oblivion，beingthehumanresourcewiththem。，TheRussianOfficers，itseems，despisetbisCossackrabbleincredibly；
fortheirfightingqualitieswithalarecloseonzero，thoughtheirtalentforarsonandmurderissoconsiderable。Andcontrariwise，theCossacks，fortheirpart，havenoobjectiontoplunder，oreven，ifobstreperous，tokill，anyregularOfficertheymaymeetunescortedinagoodplace。Theirtalentforarsonisgreat。
TheydouncountabledamagetotheArmyitself；provokingalltheCountrypeopletodestroybyfirewhatcouldbeeatenorused，theforaging，foodandequipmentsofhorseandman；sothathorseandmanhavetobefedbyvictualcartedhundredsofmilesoutofPoland；andtheRussianArmysticks，asitwere，tetheredwithawelterofbrokenporridge—potsandrentmeal—bagshungtoeveryfootithas。
EastPreussenisquietfromthestormsofWar；holdsitstonguewell，andhopesbetterdays:buttheRussiansthemselvesarelittlethebetterforit，acountrysolatelyburnedbare；theyaremerelyflungsomanyscoresofmilesforward，fartherfromhomeandtheirrealresources，beforetheycanbeginwork，TheyhavenoportontheBaltic:poorblockheads，theyareawarehowdesirable，forinstance，Dantzigwouldbe；tohelpfeedingthemoutofships；
buttheDantzigerswon’t。Colberg，apoorlittleplace，withonly700militiapeopleinit，wouldbeofimmenseservicetothemasasea—haven:buteventhistheyhavenotyettriedtoget；andaftertrying，theywillfinditajob。"WhynotunitewiththeSwedesandtakeStettin（thefinestharborintheBaltic），whichwouldbringRussia，byships，toyourveryhand？"ThisiswhatMontalembertisurgentupon，yearafteryear，tothepointofwearyingeverybody；
buthecangetnoofficialsoultopayheedtohim，——thedifficultiesaresoconsiderable。"Swedes，whatarethey？"saytheRussians:"Russianswhat？"saytheSwedes。"SwedenwouldbesohandyfortheArtilleries，"urgesMontalembert；"RussiansfortheSoldiery，orcoveringandfightingpart。"——"Can’tbedone！"
Officialityshakesitshead:andMontalembertisobligedtobesilent。
TheRussianshavegotintotheNeumarkofBrandenburg，onthosebadterms；andareclearlyawarethat，withoutsomeFortressasaPlaceofArms，theyareanovergrownIncompetencyandMonstrosityinthefieldofWar；doingmuchdestruction，mostofwhichprovesself—
destructivebeforelong。Buthowhelpit？Ifthecarryingofmealsofarbedifficultwhatwillthecarryingofsiege—furniturebe？
Aflatimpossibility。Fermor，awareofthesefacts，rememberswhathappenedatOczakow，——longago，inourpresence，andKeith’sandMunnich’s，ifthereaderhavenotquiteforgot。Munnich，onthatoccasion，tookOczakowwithoutanysiege—furniturewhatever，byboldlymarchinguptoit；nothingbutaudacityandgoodluckonhisside。FermordeterminestotryCustrininthelikeway，——ifperadventurePrussiansoldierybelikeTurk？——
FermorrosefromPosenAugust2d，almostthreeweeksago；
makingdailyfortheNeumarkandthoseunfortunateOderCountries；
nobodybutDohnatoopposehim，——Dohnaintheratioofperhapsoneagainstfour。DohnanaturallylaidholdofFrankfurtandtheOderBridge，sothatFermorcouldnotcrossthere；whereuponFermor，asthenextbestthing，strucknorthwardfortheWarta（blackPolishstream，lastbigbranchofOder）；crossedthis，athisease，byLandsbergBridge，August10th[Tempelhof，ii。216。]andafteradayortwoofreadjustmentinLandsberg，madeforCustrinCountry（hisnexthead—quarterisatGrossKamin）；hopinginsomeaccidentalormiraculouswaytocrossOderthereabouts，orevengetholdofCustrinasaPlaceofArms。IfperadventurehecantakeCustrinwithoutpropersiege—artillery，intheOczakoworAnti—Turkway？
FermorhasbeenbusyuponCustrinsinceAugust15th；——inwhatfashionwepartlyheard，andwillnow，fromauthenticsources，seealittleforourselves。
TheCastleofCustrin，builtbygoodJohannofCustrin，and"roofedwithcopper，"intheReformationtimes，——weknowitfromofold，andFriedrichhassincehadsomeknowledgeofit。CustrinitselfisaruggedlittleTown，withsomemoorlandtraffic，andisstillaplaceofgreatmilitarystrength，thegarrisonofthoseparts。
Itsroughpavements，itsheavystonebattlementsandbarriers，giveitaguarledobstinateaspect，——sternenoughplaceofexileforaCrown—PrincefallenintosuchdisfavorwithPapa！Arugged，compact，bynomeanshandsomelittleTown，atthemeetingoftheWartaandtheOder；standsnaturallyamongsedges，willowsanddrainedmire，exceptthathumanindustryispleasantlybusyuponit，andhaslongbeen。Sothattheneighborhoodispopulousbeyondexpectation；studdedwithroughcottagesinwhite—wash；hamletsinapavedcondition；andcomfortablesignsoflaborvictoriouslywrestlingwiththewilderness。Custrin，anarsenalandgarrison，begirtwithtworivers，andwithawfulbulwarks，andbastionscasedinstone，——"perhapstoohigh，"saythelearned，——islikelytobeimpregnabletoRussianengineeringonthoseterms。Here，withbrevity，isthecatastropheofCustrin。
TUESDAY，15thAUGUST，1758。Attwointhemorning，severalthousandRussians，grenadiers，underQuartermasterGeneralStoffeln，whomthereadersofMannsteinknowfromoldOczakowtimes，areastir；
pushingalongfromGrossKamin，throughthescraggyfirwoods，andflatpeatcountries；intendingastrokeonCustrin，ifperhapstheycangetit:[Tempelhof，ii。217；butTielcke，ii。69etseq。，therealsource。]——nottheslightestchancetogetCustrin；
PrussiansoldiershipandTurkishbeingtwoquitedifferentthings！
ThepickeeringandmanoeuvringofStoffelnshallnotdetainus。
StoffelncamealongbytheLandsbergroad（courseofthenowKonigsberg—CustrinRailway）；anddroveinthePrussianout—parties，whoatfirsttookhimforCossacks。Stoffelnsethimselfdownonthenorthsideoftheplace；plantedcannonincertainclay—pitsthereabouts，andaboutnineo’clockbeganfiringshellsandincendiarygrenadoesatagreatrate。Tielckesaweverything，——andhadthehonortotakeluncheon，thatevening，withcertainchiefOfficers，sittingontheground，afterallwasover，andonlyafewshotsfromtheGarrisonstilldropping。[Tielcke，ii。75n。]
Atthethirdgrenade，which，itseems，fellintoastrawmagazine，Custrintookfire；couldnotbequenchedagain，somuchdrywoodinit，somuchdisordertoo，theverysoldierssomeofthemdisorderly（abaddeserterset）；sothatitsoonflamedaloft，——fromsidetosideoneseaofflame:andman，womanandchild，everysoul（excepttheGarrison，whichsatenclosedinstrongstone），hadtoflyacrosstheRiver，underpenaltyofdeathbyfire。OfCustrin，byfiveintheevening，therewasnothingleftbuttheblackashes；
theGarrisonstandingunharmed，andtheChurch，School—houseandsomestoneedificesinacharredskeletoncondition。"Nolifewaslost，exceptthatofonechildinarms。"AllNeumarkhadlodgeditsvaluablesinthisplaceofstrength；allareflednowinhorrorandterroracrosstheOder，bytheBridge，beforeitalsounquenchablytakesfire，atthewesternornon—Russianendoftheplace。Suchadayaswasseldomseeninhumanexperience；——Fermorresponsibleforit，happilynotwe。
Fermor，intheevening，saidtohisArtilleryPeople:"Whyhaveyouceasedtofiregrenadoes？""Excellency，theTownisout；
nothingnowbutashesandstone。""Nevermind；givethemtherest，oneeveryquarterofanhour。Weshallnotneedthegrenadoesagain。Thecannon—ballsweshall；them，therefore，donotwaste。"
Onthemorrowmorning，afterthisperformanceontheTown，FermorsendsaTrumpeter:"Surrenderorelse——！"ratherinthetremendousstyle。"Orelse？"answerstheCommandant，pointingtotheashes，totheblackinconsumablestones；andisdeaftothisEX—POST—FACTO
Trumpeter。TheRussianssaytheysentoneyesterdaymorning，notEX—POST—FACTO，buthewaskilledinthepickeerings，andneverheardofagain。AmileorsotorearofCustrin，onthewestwardorBerlinsideoftheRiver，liesDohnaforthelastfourdays；
expectingthattheLawsofNaturewillholdgood，andCustrinprovetenableagainstsuchsieging。SostandsitonFriedrich’sarrival。
WeleftFriedrichintheLebusSuburbofFrankfurt，Sunday，August20th，listeningtothedistantcannonade。Nextmorning，heisherehimself；atDohna’sCampofGorgast，takingsurveyofaffairs；
cameearly，underrapidsmallescort，leavinghisArmytofollow；
scornandcontemptuousindignationthehumorofhim，theysay；
resolutiontobeswiftlyhomeuponthatsurprisingRussianarmament，andteachitnewmanners。TheblackskeletonofCustrinstareshideouslyacrosstheRiver；"CustrinSiege"socalledstillgoingon；——hadbettermakedespatchnow，andtakeitselfaway！
HegreatlydespisesRussiansoldiership:"Pooh，pooh，"hewouldanswer，ifKeithfromexperiencesaid，"YourMajestydoesnotdoitjustice；"——andKeithhasbeenknowntohint，"Ifthetrialevercome，yourMajestywillalterthatopinion。"Adayortwohence，amidthesehideousRussianfire—traceries，theHussarsbringhimadozenofCossackstheyhavemadeprisoners:Friedrichlooksatthedirtygreenvagabonds；saystooneofhisStaff:"AndthisisthekindofDoggeryIhavetobotherwith！"——Thesightofthepoorcountry—people，andtheirtearsofjoyandofsorrowonhisreappearanceamongthem，muchaffectedhim。TakinginspectionofDohna，hefindsDohnawonderfullyclean，pipe—clayed，complete:
"Youareveryfineindeed，you；——Ibringyouasetoffellows，roughasGRASTEUFELN["grass—devils，"Ineverknowwhetherinsectsorbirds]；buttheycanbite，"——hopeyoucan！
Tuesday，August32d，atfiveinthemorningourArmyhasallarrived，theFrankfurtpeoplejustcomein；30，000ofusnowinCampatGorgast。FriedrichordersstraightwaythatacertainRussianRedoubtontheothersideoftheRiver，atSchaumburg，amileortwodownstream，bewellcannonadedintoruin，——asifhetookitforsomeincipiencyofaRussianBridge，orwerehimselfmindedtocrosshere，undercoverofCustrin。Friedrich’sintentionverycertainlyistocross，——hereornotjusthere；——andthatsamenight，aftersomehoursofresttotheFrankfurtpeople，——nightofTuesday—Wednesday，Friedrich，havingpersuadedtheRussiansthathiscrossing—placewillbetheirRedoubtatSchaumburg，marchestenortwelvemilesdowntheRiver，silentlyhis30，000andhe，tilloppositetheVillageofGustebiese；rapidlymakeshisBridgesthere，unmolested:Fermor，withhiseyeonthecannonadedRedoubtonly，hasexpectednosuchmatter；andismuchastonishedwhenhehearsofit，twentyhoursafter。Friedrich，acrosswiththevanguard，atanearlyhourofWednesday，getsupontheknollatGustebieseforaview；andallGustebiese，hearingofhim，hurriesout，withlow—voicedtremulousblessings，irrepressibletears:
"GodrewardyourMajesty，thathavecometous！"——andthereisahustlingandastruggling，amongthewomenespecially，tokisstheskirtsofhiscoat。Poorsouls:onecouldhavestoodtremendouscheers；butthisisathingIforgiveFriedrichforbeingvisiblyaffectedwith。
FriedrichleaveshisbaggageontheothersideoftheOder，andtheBridgeguarded；ourfriendHordt，withhisFree—Corps，doingit，Friedrichmarchesforwardsometenmilesthatnight；
eastward，straightforGrossKamin，asiftotaketheRussiansinrear；encampsataplacecalledKlossow，spreadinghimselfobliquelytowardstheMutzel（blacksluggishtributaryoftheOderinthoseparts），meaningtoreachNeuDammontheMutzelto—morrow，therealmostwithinwindoftheRussians，andbereadyforcrossingonthem。ItwasatKlossow（23dAugust，evening），thattheHussarsbroughtintheirdozenortwoofCossacks，andhehadhisfirstsightofRussiansoldiery；bynomeansafavorableone，"Ugh，onlylook！"——AswearenowapproachingZorndorf，andthemonstroustugofBattlewhichfelloutthere，readerswillbegladofthefollowing:——
"FromDammontheMutzel，whereFriedrichintendscrossingitto—morrownight，southtoGrossKamin，notfarfromtheWarta，whereFermor’shead—quarterlatelywas，maybeaboutfivemiles。
FromCustrin，Kaminliesnortheastabouteightortenmiles:
Zorndorf，themostconsiderableVillageinthistract，lies——littledreamingofthesadglorycomingtoit——prettymuchinthecentrebetweenbigWartaandsmallerMutzel。TheCountryisbynatureapeatwilderness，farandwide；butithasbeentamedextensively；
growscrops，greenpastures；iselsewherecoveredwithwood（Scotchfir，scraggyinsize，butevidentlyunderforestmanagement）；
perhapshalfthecountryisinFirtracts，whattheycallHEIDEN
（Heaths）；thecultivatedspaceslyinglikelight—greenislandswithblack—greenchannelsandexpansesofcircumambientFir。TheDrewitzHeath，theMassinorZitherHeath，andothersaboutZorndorf，willbecomenotabletous。TheCountryisnowmuchdrierthaninFriedrich’stime；thehumanspadedoingitsdutyeverywhere:
sothatmuchoftheBattle—groundhasbecomeirrecognizable，whencomparedwiththeoldmarshydescriptionsgivenofit。Zorndorf，aroughsubstantialHamlet，hasnothingofboggynowvisiblenearby；
lieseasttowest，afirmbroadhighwayleadingthrough:aseaofforestbeforeit，tosouth；tonorth，gooddrybarley—groundsorrye—grounds，sensiblyrisingforhalfamile，thenwavingaboutinvariousslowslightchangesofleveltowardsQuartschen，Zicher，&c。:forminganirregularcleared’island，’altogetherofperhapsfourmilesbythree，withunlimitedcircumambienciesofwood。
Itwashere，onthisislandaswecallit，thattheBattle，whichhasmadeZorndorffamous，wasfought。
"Zorndorf（oreventheopengroundhalfamiletonorthofit，whichwillbemoreimportanttous）isprobablynot50feetabovetheleveloftheMutzel，nor100aboveWartaandOder，sixmilesoff；butitisthecrownoftheCountry；——thegrounddroppingtherefromeveryway，inlazydullwavesorswells；towardsTamselandGrossKaminonsoutheast；towardsBirken—Busch，Quartschen，Darmutzel[DARoftheMutzel，whatever"DAR"maybe。]onnorthwest；
aswellastowardsDammanditsBridgenortheast，whereFriedrichwillsoonbe，andtowardsCustrinsouthwest，wherehelatelywas，eachafiveorsixmilesfromZorndorf。
"SuchisthepoormoorlandtractofCountry；Zorndorfthecentreofit，——wherethebattleislikelytobe:——Zorndorfandenvironsabarequasi—islandamongthesewoods；extensivebaldcrownofthelandscape，girtwithafrizzleoffirwoodsallround。Boggypoolsthereare，especiallyonthewesternside（alldrainedinourtime）。Mutzel，ornorthside，isofcoursethelowestinlevel:
andaccordingly，"whatismuchtobemarkedbyreadershere，"fromthesouth，orZorndorfside，atwideintervals，theresaunteralong，inaslowobscuremanner，ThreemiserablecontinuousLeakages，oroozyThreadsofWater，allmakingforQuartschen，tonorthornorthwest，theretodisembogueintotheMutzel。EachofthesehasitslittleHollow；ofwhichthewesternmost，calledZabernHollow（ZABERNGRUND），isthemostconsiderable，andthemostimportanttoushere:GALGENGRUND（Gallows—Hollow）isalsoworthnaminginthisBattle；thethirdLeakage，thoughwithoutimportance，invitesustonameit，HOSEBRUCH，quasiSTOCKING—
quagmire，——becauseyoucanusenostockingsthere，exceptwithmanifestdisadvantage。"——Takethisotherconcludingtrait:——……"Inexpressiblefringeofmarsh，twoorthreemilesbroad，mostlybottomless，wovenwithsluggishcreeksandstagnantpools，borderstheWartaformanymilestowardsLandsberg；
Custrin—LandsbergCausewaythealonesurefootinginit；afterwhich，thecountryrisesinsensibly，butmostbeneficially，andismainlydriertillyougettotheMutzelagain，andfindthesamefringeofmudlace—workagain，Zorndorfwecalledthecrownofit。
Tamsel，Wilkersdorf，KleinKamin，GrossKamin，andotherplacesknowntous，lieonthedryturf—fuelcountry，butlookingovercloseuponthehemofthatmarsh—fringe，andnodoubtgettingpeats，wildducks，pike—fishes，eels，andsnatchesofsummerpastureandcow—hayoutofit。"
Thursday，August24th，Friedrichisagainspeedingon；
occupyingDarmutzelandothercrossing—placesoftheMutzel；
[MitchelltoHolderness，"DErmItzel，24thAugust，1758"（MEMOIRS
ANDPAPERS，i。425；Ib。ii。40—47，Mitchell’sPrivateJournal）。]——
bynomeanshimselfcrossingthere；onthecontrary，carefullybreakingalltheBridgesbeforehego（"NoretreatforthoseRussianvagabonds，onlydeathorsurrenderforthem！"）——himselfnotintendingtocrosstillhebeupatDamm，NeuDamm，welleastwardofhisRussians，andhavegotthemallpinfoldedbetweenMutzelandOderinthatway。Intheevening，hereachesDammandtheMillofDamm，somethreeorfourmileshigheruptheMutzel；——andtherepushespartlyacrossatonce。Thatistosay，hisvanguardatonce，andtakesadefensiveposition；hisArtilleryandotherDivisionsbydegrees，inthesilentnighthours；and，beforedaybreakto—morrow，everysoulwillbeacross，andtheBridgebrokenagain；
——andFermorhadbetterhavehisaccountssettled。
Fermor’srovingCossackcloudsseldombringhiminintelligence；
butonlyreturnstainedwithcharcoalgrimeandredmurder:uptolatelastnight，hehadnotknownwhereFriedrichwasatall；
hadidlythoughthimbusywiththeSchaumburgRedoubt，ontheothersideofOder，fencingandprecautioning:butnow（nightofthe23d），theseCossacksdocomeinwithnews，"Indisputabletoourpoorminds，thePrussiansareatKlossowyonder，——capturedadozengreenvagabondsofus，andhavesentusgalloping！"——whichnews，withthenightclosinginonhim，wasastonishing，thriceandfourtimesimportanttoFermor。
InstantlyheraisesthesiegeofCustrin，anysiegetherewas；
getshisimmensebaggage—trainshovedoffthatnighttoKleinKamin，Landsbergway；summonstheforcefromLandsbergtojoinhimwithoutlossofamoment；——andinthemeanwhilepitcheshimselfinlongbivouacintheDrewitzWoodorFir—Heath，withthequaggyZaberngrundinfront。QuaggyZaberngrund，——doreadersrememberit；
oneofthose"ThreecontinuousLeakages，"veryimportant，toFermorandusatpresent？ThisisthesafestplaceFermorcanfindforhimself；scraggyfirsaround，goodquagmiresandZabernHollowinfront；lookingtotheeast，waitingwhatanewdaywillbring。
ThatwasFermor’sposture，whileFriedrichquittedKlossowinthedawnofthe24th。Bebusy，yeCossackdoggeries；returnwithnews，notwithmeregrimeandmarksofbloodonyourmouths！
Eveningofthe24th，CossacksreportthatFriedrichhasgottoDammMill；hasholdoftheBridgethere；andmaybelookedfor，sureasthedaylight，to—morrow。Fermoris50，000odd，hisLandsbergforcesallcomingin；oneDetachmentoutStettinway，whichcannotcomein；Fermorfindsthathisbaggage—trainisfairlyontheroadtoKleinKamin；——andthathewillhavetoquitthisboskybivouac，andfightforhimselfintheopenground，ordoworse。
THESEUSANDTHEMINOTAUROVERAGAIN，——THATISTOSAY，FRIEDRICHATHAND—GRIPSWITHFERMORANDHISRUSSIANS
（25THAUGUST，1758）。
ArtlessFermordrawsouttotheopenground，northofZorndorf，southofQuartschen；arrangeshimselfinhugequadrilateralmass，withhis"staff—baggage"（lighterbaggage）inthecentre，andhisfront，sotospeak，everywhere。[ExcellentPlanofhim，orratherPlans，inhissuccessiveshapes，inTielcke，ii。（PLATES4，5，6，7，8）。]Mass，saytwomileslongbyonemilebroad；butitisbynomeansregular，andhasmanyzigzagsaccordingtotheground，andnarrowsanddroopssouthwardontheeasternend:oneofthemostartlessarrangements；butknowntoFermor，andthereadiestonthispinchoftime。Munnichdevisedthisquadrilateralmode；andfounditgoodagainsttheTurks，andtheirdelugesofraginghorseandfoot:Fermorcouldperhapsdobetter；butthereissuchapressofhurry。Fermor’swesternflank，orbiggestbreadthofquadrilateral，leansonthatZabernHollow，withitsfinequagmires；hiseastern，narrowestpart，droopsdownoncertainmud—poolsandconveniencestowardsZicher。GallowsHollow，aslighterthantheZabern，runsthroughthecentreofhim；andwithhisbestpeoplehefrontstowardstheMutzelBridges，especiallytowardsDamm—MillBridgewhenceFriedrichwillemerge，sureasthesunrise，oneknowsnotwithwhatissue。ArtlessFermorisnothingdaunted；norarehispeople；butstandpatientlyunderarms，regardlessoffutureandpresent，toadegreenotcommoninsoldiering。
Friday，August25th，byhalf—pastthreeinthemorning，FriedrichisacrosstheMutzel；selfandInfantrybyDamm—MutzelBridge，cavalrybyanotherBridge（KERSTEN—BRUGGE，means"ChristianBridge，"inthedialectofCharlemagne’stime，averyoldarrangementofSuccessiveLogsupthere！）somefurlongshigherup。
TheBridgeatDammisperhapssomethreemilesfromthenearestRussiansaboutZicher；butFriedrichhasnothoughtofattackingFermorthere；hehasaquiteotherprogramlaid，andwillattackFermorpreciselyonthesideoppositetothere。
Friedrich’sintentionistosweepquiteroundthismonstrousRussianquadrilateral；tobreakinuponitonthewesternflank，andhurlitbackuponMutzelanditsquagmires。Hehasbrokenhistwobridgesafterpassing，allbridgesaregonethere，andthecountryisbottomless:surrenderatdiscretionifonceyouaredriventhither！AndFriedrich’sownretreat，ifhefail，isshortandopentoCustrin。"Admirable，"saytheCritics，"andaltogetherinFriedrich’sstyle！"——Friedrich，addsoneCritic，wasnotawarethattheRussianHeavy—BaggageTrain，whichistheirpowder—flaskandbread—basketandstaffoflife，liesatKleinKamin，withinfewmilesonhisleftjustnow，Russiansthemselvesonhisright；
thattheRussianscouldhavebeenabolishedfromthosecountrieswithoutfightingatall！[Retzow，i。305—329。]Thisisverytrue。
Friedrich’shasteisgreat，hishumorhot；andhehasnotheardofthisKlein—Kaminfact，whichincommontimeshewouldhavedone，andofwhichinacalmermoodhewould，withafinescientificgusto，havetakenhisadvantage。
Friedrichpoursincessantsouthward；cavalryparalleltoinfantryandacertaindistancebeyondit，eastwardofit；andtheyhaveburnttheBridges；whichisacuriousfact！Continuallysouthward，asifforTamsel:——pooroldTamsel，doreadersrecollectitatall，doesFriedrichatall？Nopleasantdinner，orlily—and—rosecomplexions，thereforoneto—day！——SomedistanceshortofTamsel，Friedrich，emerging，turnswestward；——intendingwhatonearth？
thinksFermor。Friedrichhasbeenmostlyhiddenbythewoodsallthiswhile，andenigmatictoFermor。Fermordoesnowatlastseethecolorofthefacts；——andthatone’schieffrontmustchangeitselftosouthward，one’sbestlegandarmbeforemost，ortowardsZorndorf，nottowardstheMutzelashitherto。FermorstirsuphisQuadrilateral，makestherequiredchange，"You，bestornorthernline，stepacross，andfrontsouthward；acrosstosouthward，Isay；
second—bestgonorthwardintheirstead:"andso，withsomeotherslightpolishings，suggestedbythegroundandphenomena，weanewawaitthisPrussianEnigmawithourbestlegforemost。ThemarchorcircularsweepofthesePrussianlines，fromDammBridgethroughthewoodsandchampaigntotheirappointedplaceofaction，issevenoreightmiles；lineswhenhaltedinbattle—orderwillbetwomileslongormore。
Friedrichpourssteadilyalong，horseandfoot，bytherearcfWilkersdorf，ofZorndorf，——RussianMinotaurscrutinizinghiminthatmannerwithdullbloodshoteyes，uncertainwhathewilldo。
Itiseightinthemorning，hotAugust；windamerelull，butsouthernlyifany。SmallHussarpicketsridetorightofthemainArmyMarch；tokeeptheCossacksincheck:whoarerovingabout，allonwing；andpertenough，inspiteoftheHussarpickets，DesperadoindividualsofthemgallopuptotheInfantryranks，andfireofftheirpistolsthere，——withoutreply；replyorfiring，tillthewordcome，isstrictlyforbidden。Infantrypoursalong，likeaploughmandrawinghisfurrow，heedlessofthecirclingcrows。
CrowsorCossacks，findingtheyarenotregarded，setfiretoZorndorf，andgallopoff。Zorndorfgoesupreadily，mainlywoodandstraw；rollsinbigcloudsofsmokefarnorthwardinupontheRussianMinotaur，makinghimstillblinderintheimportantmomentsnowcoming。
FriedrichridesuptoviewtheZabernHollow:"Beyondexpectationdeep；veryboggytoo，withitsfoulleakageorbrook:noattackingoftheirwesternflankthroughthisZaberngrund；——attackthecornerofthem，then；hereonthesouthwest！"ThatisFriedrich’srapidresource。Thelineshalt，accordingly；makeready。BehindflamingZorndorfstandshisextremeleft，whichistomaketheattack；
infantryinfront；horsetorearandfartherleftwards，——andunderthecommandofSeidlitzinthisquarter，whichisanimportantcircumstance。Rightwing，reachingtobehindWilkersdorf，istorefuseitself；wholeforceofcentreistopushuponthatRussiancorner，tosupporttheleftindoingit；——accordingtotheLeuthenorLEUCTRAprinciple，oncemore。Maynomistakesoccurinexecutingitthisday！——
ThefirstdivisionofthePrussianInfantry，orextremeLeft，marchesforwardbythewestendofflamingZorndorf；nextdivision，whichshouldstandclosetorightofit，orevenbehinditinaction，andfollowitcloseintotheRussianfire，hastomarchbytheeastendofZorndorf；thisisafartherroad，owingtotheflames；andnotaluckyone。Seconddivisioncouldnevergetintofaircontactwiththatfirstdivisionagain:thatwasthemistake:
anditmighthavebeenfatal，butwasnot，asweshallsee。
FirstdivisionhasgotclearofZorndorf，inadvancingtowardsitsRussianbusiness；——isstridingforward，itsleftflanksafeagainsttheZaberngrund；steadilybyfixedstages，againstthefatedRussianCorner，whichisitspointofattack。Firstdivision，seconddivision，areclearofZorndorf，thoughwithawidegapbetweenthem；aresteadilystridingforwardtowardstheRussianCorner。Twostrongbatteries，wideapart，haveplantedthemselvesahead；andareplayingupontheRussianQuadrilateral，theirfirescrossingatthedueCorneryonder，withterribleeffect；
Russianartillery，whicharemultitudinousandallgathereddowntothissouthwesterncorner，areresponding，thoughwiththeirfirespread，andfarlesseffectual。ThePrussianlinestepson，extremeleftperhapsintooanimatedamanner；theircannonbatteriesenfiladethethickmassofRussiansatafrightfulrate（"forty—
twomenofacertainregimentblownawaybyasingleball，"inoneinstance[Tielcke。]），drivetheinteriorbaggage—horsestodespair:
averyagitatedQuadrilateral，underitsgrimcanopyofcannonsmoke，andofstrawsmoke，heapedonitfromtheZorndorfsidehere。Manteuffel，leaderofthatfirstorleftmostdivision，seestheinternalsimmering；stepsforwardstillmorebriskly，tofiringdistance；beginshisplatoonthunder，withtheduesteadyfury，——
hadtheseconddivisionbutgotuptosupportManteuffel！
Theseconddivisionisinfiretoo；butnotclosetoManteuffel，whereitshouldbe。
Fermornoticesthegap，thewaveringofManteuffelunsupported；
plungesoutinimmensetorrent，horseandfoot，intothegap，intoManteuffel’sflankandfront；hurlsManteuffelback，whohasnosupportathand:"ARAH，ARAH（Hurrah，Hurrah）！Victory，Victory！"
shouttheRussians，plungingwildlyforward，sweepingallbeforethem，capturingtwenty—sixpiecesofcannon，foroneitem。WhatamomentforFriedrich；lookingonitfromsomeknollsomewherenearZorndorf，Isuppose；hastilybiddingSeidlitzstrikein:
"Seidlitz，now！"ThehurrahingRussianscannotkeeprankatthatrateofgoing。likeabuffalostampede；butfallintoheapsandgaps:Seidlitz，withaswiftness，withadexteritybeyondpraise，haspickedhiswayacrossthatquaggyZabernHollow；falls，withsay5，000horse，ontheflankofthisbigbuffalostampede；
tumblesitintoinstantruin；——whichprovesirretrievable，asthePrussianInfantrycomeonagain，andbackSeidlitz。
Infifteenminutesmore（Iguessitnowtobeteno’clock），theRussianMinotaur，thisendofit，ontotheGallowsGround，isonewildmass。Seldomwasthereseensuchacharge；issuiuginsuchdelugesofwreck，ofchaoticflight，orchaoticrefusaltofly。
TheSeidlitzcavalrywentsabringtill，forveryfatigue，theygaveitup，andcouldnomore。TheRussianhorsefledtoKutzdorf，——
Fermorwiththem，whosawnomoreofthisFight，anddidnotgetbacktilldark；——hadnottheBridgesbeenburnt，andnocrossingoftheMutzelpossible，Fermorneverwouldhavecomeback，andherehadbeentheendofZorndorf。Luckierifithad！ButthereisnocrossingoftheMutzel，thereisonlydrowninginthequagmiresthere:——deathanyway；whatcanbedonebutdie？
TheRussianinfantrystandtobesabred，intheabovemanner，asiftheyhadbeendeadoxen。MoreremotefromSeidlitz，theybreakopenthesutlers’brandy—casks，andinfewminutesgetroaringdrunk。
Theirofficers，desperate，splitthebrandy—casks；soldiersflapdowntodrinkitfromthepuddles；furiouslyremonstratewiththeirofficers，and"killagoodmanyofthem"（VIELE，saysTielcke），especiallytheforeignsort。"Afrightfulblood—bath，"byalltheAccounts:blood—bath，brandy—bath，andchiefNucleusofChaosthenextantaboveground。Fermorissweptaway:thischaos，theveryPrussiansdrawingbackfromit，weariedwithmassacring，laststillaboutoneo’clock。UptotheGallows—groundtheMinotaurismerewreckanddelirium:butbeyondtheGallows—ground，theotherhalfformsanewfronttoitself；becomesanewMinotaur，thoughinreducedshape。ThisisPartFirstoftheBattleofZorndorf；
Friedrich——ontheedgeofgreatdisasteratonemoment，butmiraculouslysaved——hasstilltheotherhalftodo（unluckythatheleftnoBridgesontheMutzel），andmustagainchangehisprogram。
HalfoftheMinotaurisgonetoshredsinthismanner；buttheattackuponit，too，isspent:whatistobedonewiththeotherhalfofthemonster，whichisagainalive；whichstillstands，andpolypus—likehasarrangedanewlifeforitself，anewfrontagainsttheGalgengrundyonder？Friedrichbringshisrightwingintoaction。Rapidlyarrangesrightwing，centre，alloftheleftthatisdisposable，withbatteries，withcavalry；foranattackontheoppositeorsoutheasternendofhismonster。Ifyourmonster，polypus—like，comealiveagaininthetail—part，youmustfellthatotherheadofhim。Batteries，wellinadvance，beginworkuponthenewheadofthemonster，whichwasoncehistail；freshtroops，longlinesofthem，pushingforwardtobeginplatoon—volleying:——
timenow，Ishouldguess，abouthalf—pasttwo。Ourinfantryhasnotyetgotwithinmusket—range，——whentorrentsofRussianHorse，Foottoofollowing，plungeout；wide—flowing，stormfullyswift；anddashagainstthecomingattack。Dashagainstit；staggerit；actuallytumbleitback，inthecentrepart；takeoneofthebatteries，andawholebattalionprisoners。Hereagainisamoment！Friedrich，theysay，rushedpersonallyintothisvortex；ralliedthesebrokenbattalions，againralliedandledthemup；butitwastonopurpose:theycouldnotbemadetostand，thesecentrebattalions；
——"somesuddenpanicinthem，athingunaccountable，"saysTempelhof；"theyareDohna’speople，whofoughtperfectlyatJagersdorf，andoftenelsewhere"（theywereallinsuchafinelyburnishedstatetheotherday；buthavenotbitingtalent，likethegrass—devils）:enough，theyfairlyscouraway，certaindisgracefulbattalions，andarenotgotrankedagaintillbelowWilkersdorf，aboveamileoff；thoughthegrass—devils，onbothhandsofthem，standgrimlysteady，leftinthisominousmanner。
Whatwouldhavebecomeoftheaffaironeknowsnot，ifithadnotbeenthatSeidlitzoncemoremadehisappearance。OnFriedrich’sorder，oronhisown，Idonotknow；butsureitis，Seidlitz，withsixty—onesquadrons，arrivingfromsomedistance，breaksinlikeaDEUSEXMACHINA，swiftasthestorm—wind，uponthisRussianHorse—
torrent；drivesitagainbeforehimlikeameretorrentofchaff，back，everback，totheshoreofAcheronandtheStygianquagmires（oftheMutzel，namely）；sothatitdidnotreturnagain；andthePrussianinfantryhadfreefieldfortheirplatoonexercise。
TheirrageagainsttheRussianswasextreme；andthatoftheRussianscorresponded。Threeofthesegrass—devilbattalions，whostoodnearesttoDohna’srunaways，werenativesofthissameburnt—
outZorndorfCountry；wemayfancythePlatt—Teutschheartsofthem，andthesacredlightning，withamoisturetoit，thatwasintheireyes。Platt—Teutschplatooning，bayonet—charging，——onsuchtermsnoRussianormortalQuadrilateralcanstandit。TheRussianMinotaurgoesalltoshredsasecondtime；butwillnotrun。
"Noquarter！"——"Well，then，none！"
"Shortlyafterfouro’clock，"saymyAccounts，"thefiring，"
regularfiring，"altogetherceased；ammunitionnearlyspent，onbothsides；Prussianssnatchingcartridge—boxesofRussiandead；"
andthenbeganatugofdeadlymassacringandwrestlingmantoman，"withbayonets，withbuttsofmuskets，withhands，evenwithteeth[insomeRussianinstances]，suchaswasneverseenbefore。"
TheRussians，beatentofragments，wouldnotrun:whitherrun？
BehindisMutzelandthebogofAcheron；——onMutzelisnobridgeleft；"theshoreofMutzelisthickwithmenandhorses，whohavetriedtocross，andliethereswallowedintheooze"——"likeapavement，"saysTielcke。TheRussians，——neverwassuchVISINERTIAE
astheirsnow。Theystoodlikesacksofclay，likeoxenalreadydead；notevenifyoushotabulletthroughthem，wouldtheyfallatonce，saysArchenholtz，butseemtobedeliberateaboutit。
Completedisorderreignedonbothsides；exceptthatthePrussianscouldalwaysformagainwhenbidden，theRussiansnot。Thislastedtillnightfall，——Russiansgettingthemselvesshovedawayonthesehorridterms，andobstinatetotakenoother。Towardsdark，thereappeared，onadistantknoll，somethinglikearankedbodyofthemagain，——some2，000footandhalfasmanyhorse；whomThemicoud（superlativeSwissCossack，usuallywrittenDemikoforDemikow）hadpickedup，andpersuadedfromtheshoreofAcheron，backtothisknollofvantage，andsomecannonwiththem。Friedrichordersthesetobedispersedagain:GeneralForcade，withtwobattalions，takingthefrontofthem，shallattackthere；you，GeneralRauter，bringupthoseDohnafellowsagain，andtaketheminflank。
Forcadepusheson，Rautertoo，——butatthefirsttasteofcannon—
shot，thesepoorDohna—people（suchtheirnowflurried，disgracedstateofmind）taketoflightagain，worsethanbefore；rushquitethroughWilkersdorfthistime，intothewoods，andcanhardlybegottogetheratall。Scandaloustothinkof。NowonderFriedrich"lookedalwaysaskanceonthoseregimentsthathadbeenbeatenatGrossJagersdorf，andtotheendofhislifegavethemproofsofit:"[Retzow；——andstillmoreemphatically，BriefeeinesaltenPreussischenOfficiers（Hohenzollern，1790），i。34，ii。52，&c。]verynatural，iftherestwerelikethese！
OfpoorGeneralRauter，Tempelhofandtheothers，thatcanhelpit，arepolitelysilent；onlySaxonTielcketellsus，thatFriedrichdismissedhim，"Go，you，tosomeothertrade！"——which，onPrussianevidencetoo，expressedinveiledterms，Ifindtobethefact:
Militair—Lexikon，obligedtohaveanarticleonRauter，isverybriefaboutit；hintsnothingunkind；
recordshispersonalintrepidity；andsays，"in1758he，onhisrequest，hadleavetowithdraw，"——poorsoul，leaveandmore！
Forcade，lefttohimself，keptcannonadingThemicoud；
Themicoudresponding，wouldnotgo；stoodonhisknollofvantage，butgatherednostrength:"Lethimstand，"saidFriedrich，aftersometime；andThemicoudmeltedintheshadesofnight，graduallytowardsthehithershoreofAcheron，——thatis，ofAcheron—Mutzel，nonenowattemptingtoPAVEitfarther，butsimmeringaboutattheirsadleisurethere。FeldmarschallFermorisnowgottohispeopleagain，orhispeopletohim；reunitedinplaceandluck:
suchachaosasFermorneversawbeforeorafter。Noregimentorbattalionnowis；meresimmeringmonads，thisfineArmy；
officersdoingtheirutmosttocobbleitintosomethingofrank，withoutregardtoregimentsorqualities。Darknessseldomsankonsuchascene。
WildCossackpartiesarescouringoverallpartsofthefield；
robbingthedead，murderingthewounded；doingarson，too，whereverpossible；andevensnatchingatthePrussiancannonleftrearwards，sothattheHussarshavetogouponthemagain。OnelargemassofthemplunderingintheHamletofZicher，theHussarssurrounded:
theCossackstooktotheouthouses；squatted，ran，calledintheaidoffire，theirconstantfriend:above400ofthemwereinsomebigbarn，orrangeofstrawhouses；andsetfiretoit，——butcouldnotgetoutforHussars；theHussarswereattheoutgate:Notadevilofyou！saidtheHussars；andthewholefourhundredperishedthere，choked，burnt，orslainbytheHussars，——andthispoorPlanetwasatlengthridofthem。[Helden—Geschichte，v。166。]
Friedrichsendsforhistent—equipages；andtheArmypitchesitscampintwobiglines，runningnorthandsouth，lookingtowardstheRussiansideofthings；Friedrich’stentinfrontofthefirstline；awarriorKingamonghispeople，whohavehadaday’sworkofit。TheRussianlossturnsout，whencounted，tohavebeen21，529
killed，woundedandmissing，7，990ofthemkilled；thePrussiansum—totalis11，390（abovethePrussianthirdman），ofwhom3，680
slain。AndontheshoresofAcheronnorthwardyonder，therestillisasimmering。Andfarandwidethecountryisalightwithincendiaryfires，——manydevilsstillabroad。ExcellencyMitchell，abouteightintheevening，issentforbytheKing；findsvariouschiefGenerals，Seidlitzamongthem，ontheirvariousbusinessesthere；congratulates"onthenoblevictory[notsoconclusivehitherto]whichHeavenhasgrantedyourMajesty。""Haditnotbeenforhim，"saidFriedrich，——"Haditnotbeenforhim，thingswouldhavehadabadlookbythistime！"andturnedhissun—eyesuponSeidlitz，withafineexpressioninthem。[Preuss，ii。153。
Mitchell（ii。432）mentionstheInterview，nothingofSeidlitz。]
TowhichSeidlitz’sreply，Ifind，wasanembarrassedblushandofarticulateonly，"Hm，no，ha，itwasyourMajesty’sCavalrythatdidtheirduty，——butWakenitz[mysecond]doesdeservepromotion！"
——whichWakenitz，notinatoooverflowingmeasure，got。
Fermor，duringthenight—watches，havingcobbledhimselfintosomekindofranksorrows，movesdownwellwestwardofZabernHollow；
totheDrewitzHeath，whereheoncebeforelay，andtheremakeshisbivouacinthewood，safeunderthefir—trees，withtheZaberngroundtofrontofhim。Bytheabovereckoning，28or29，000stillhangtoFermor，orfloatvaporouslyroundhim；withFriedrich，inhistwolines，aresome18，000:——inwhole，46，000tiredmortalssleepingthereabouts；near12，000othershavefallenintoadeepersleep，notliabletobedisturbed；——andofthewoundedonthefield，oneshudderstoimagine。