SaganTownmaybeabout70milesnorthwardofwhereFriedrichnowis:fromSagan，weretheyonceinthemeridianofSagan，theirroadisfreeeastwardandnorthward；——toCrossenisabout60milesnorth—by—eastfromSagan，toFrankfurtnear100north。SaganisontheBober；Bober，ineveryevent，isbetweentheAustriansandtheiraim。
Friedrichfeelsthat，howeverdangeroustoquitDaun’sneighborhood，hemust，heinperson，goatonce。Andwho，intheinterim，willwatchDaunandhisenterprises？Friedrich’sreflectionsare:"Well，inthecrisisofthemoment，Saxony——thoughtherealreadyaremaraudingBodiesofReichsfolkinit——muststillbelefttoitselfforatime；orcannotFinckandhis10，000looktoit？Henri，withhisArmy，nowuselessatBautzen，shallinstantlyrendezvousatSagan；hisArmytogowithme，againsttheRussiansandtheirHaddick—Loudons；HenritoSchmottseifen，insteadofme，andattendtoDaun；Henri，Ihavenootherleft！Finckandhis10，000musttakechargeofSaxony，suchchargeashecan:——howluckythoseSpringForays，whichdestroyedtheReichsMagazines！
WherebythereisnoReichsArmyyetgotintoSaxony（nothingbutpreliminarypulsesandsplashingsofit）；noneyet，norliketobequiteatonce。"ThatisFriedrich’sswiftplan。
Henriroseontheinstant，asdideverybodyconcerned:July29th，HenriandArmywereatSagan；ArmywaitingfortheKing；HenrisofaronhisroadtoSchmottseifen。HehadcometoSagan"byalmosttherapidestmarcheseverheardof，"——orevertillsomeothersofHenri’sown，whichhemadeinthatneighborhoodsoon。Punctual，he，tohisday；asareEugenofWurtemberg’speople，andallDetachmentsandDivisions:FriedrichhimselfarrivesatSaganthatsame29th，"aboutmidnight，"——andfindsplentyofworkwaiting:
nosleepthesetwonightspast；andnonecomingjustyet！Amostswiftrendezvous。Thespeedofeverybodyhasbeen，andneedsstilltobe，intense。
ThisrendezvousatSagan——intersectionofHenriandFriedrich，bounddifferentroads（theBrothers，Ithink，didnotpersonallymeet，HenrihavingdrivenoffforSchmottseifenbyashorterroad）
——wasSUNDAY，JULY29th。Followingwhich，aresixdaysofsuchahuntforthoseAustrianreynardsasseldomorneverwas！
Mostvehement，breathless，bafflinghunt；halfofitspentinpainfullybeatingcover，inmerefindingandlosing。Notrightlysuccessful，afterall。Sothat，ontheeighthdayhence，AUGUST
6th，atMullrose，nearFrankfurt，80milesfromSagan，thereisasecondrendezvous，——rendezvousofWedellandFriedrich，whodonotnow"intersect，"butmeetafterthehuntisdone；——andintheinterim，therehasbeenawonderfulperformance，thoughanunsuccessful。FriedrichnevercouldrightlygetholdofhisAustrians。Onceonly，atSommerfeld，alongmarchnorthwestofSagan，hecameuponsomeoutskirtsofthem。Andingeneral，inthoselattereightdays，especiallyinthefirstsixofthem，thereis，inthatKotbus—SaganCountry，suchanintersecting，checking，pushingandmultifarioussimmeringofmarches，onthepartofhalfadozenStrategicEntities，Friedrichthecentreofthem，as——as，I
think，nobodybutanexpresssoldier—student，wellfurnishedwithadmirationforthisparticularSoldier，wouldconsenttohaveexplainedtohim。Oneofthemaziest，mostunintelligiblewhirlsofmarching；inextricableSwordDance，orDanceoftheFuries，——fiveofthem（thatisthecorrectnumber:Haddick，Loudon，Friedrich，Wurtemberg，Wedell）；——anditisflungdownforus，allinahuddle，intheseinhumanBooks（whichhaveseveralerrorsofthepress，too）:letnomanrashlyinsistwithhimselfonunderstandingit，unlesshehaveneed！Humanlypulledstraight，notinhumanlyflungdownatrandom，heretheessentialsofitare，——inverybriefstate:——
"SAGAN，MONDAY，30thJULY。FriedrichisatSagan，sincemidnightlast，busierandbusier；"beatingcover，aswetermedit，andgettinghishounds（hisnewHenri—Army）inleash；"endeavoring，especially，togettidingsofthoseAustrianpeople；whoareveryenigmatic，——Loudonadexterousman，——andhavehungupsuchacurtainofPandoursbetweenFriedrichandthemasisnearlyimpenetrable。InthecourseofthisMondayFriedrichascertainsthattheyareverilyontheroad；comingeastward，forSommerfeld，——’thenceforCrossen！’heneedsnoghosttotellhim。Wherefore，"TUESDAY，SAGANTONAUMBURG。TuesdaybeforedaybreakFriedrichtooisontheroad:northwestward；infullmarchtowardsNaumburgonBober，meaningtocatchtheBridgefromthemthere。Marchoftheswiftest；hehimselfisahead，asusual，withtheVanguardofHorse。HereachesNaumburg（northward，amarchof20miles）；
finds，notHaddickorLoudon，butaDetachmentoftheirs:whichheatonceoversetswithhiscavalry，andchases，——markingwithalthat’westwardisthewaytheyrun。’Westward；andthatwearestillahead，thankHeaven！
"BeforehisInfantryareallup，orarewellrestedinNaumburg，Friedrichascertains，onmoreprecisetidings，thattheAustriansareinSommerfeld，towestward（againa20miles）；andjudgesThat，nodoubt，theywillbearoffmoretoleftward，byGubenprobably，andtrytoavoidhim，——unlesshecanstillcatchtheminSommerfeld。AboutnightfallhemarchesforSommerfeld，athisswiftest；arrivesWednesdayearly；finds——alas！——
"SOMMERFELD，WEDNESDAYMORNING，AUGUST1st，FriedrichfindsthatLoudonwastherelastnight，——preteritetense，alas；thequestionnowbeing，Whereishe！"Infact，LoudonhadwrittenyesterdaytoDaun（Letterstillextant，"Sommerfeld，July31st"），That"beingswiftandlight，"consistingofhorseformostpart，"hemayprobablyeffectJunctionthisverynight；"——buthasalteredhismindverymuch，onsightofthesefugitivesfromNaumburg，since！
Andhasborneoffmoretoleftward。Straightnorthnow，andataverybriskpace；beingnowallofhorse；——andhasanimportantconferencewithHaddickatGuben，whentheyarrivethere。"NotinSommerfeld？"thinksFriedrich（earnestlysurveying，throughthisslithehasmadeinthePandourveil）:"GonetoGubenmostlikely，bearingofffromustoleftward？"——Whichwasthefact；thoughnotthewholefact。Andindeedthechaseisnowagainfallenuncertain，andtherehastobesomebeatingofcovers。Foronething，helearnsto—day（August1st）thattheRussiansaregonetoFrankfurt:
"Followthem，youWedell，"——ordersFriedrich:themweshallhavetogointo，——howeverthishuntend！——
"ToMarkersdorf，Thursday，August2d。FriedrichtakestheroadforGuben；reachesMarkersdorf（twentymiles’march，stillsevenoreightfromGuben）；fallsupon——Whatphenomenonisthis？
TheAustrianheavyTrain；meal—wagonsnotafew，andaregimentoffootinchargeofit；——butgoingthewrongway，notTOWARDStheRussians，butfromthem！Whatonearthcanthisbe？ThisisHaddick，——ifFriedrichcouldyetclearlyknowit，——HaddickandTrain，whoforhisownparthasgivenupthejunctionenterprise。
AtGuben，somehoursago，hehadconferencewithLoudon；andthiswastheconclusionarrivedat:’Impossible，withthatKingsonear！
You，HerrLoudon，pushon，withoutheavybaggage，andwiththeCavalryaltogether:youcangetin，almost20，000strong；I，withtheInfantry，withthemealandheavyguns，willturn，andmakefortheLausitzagain！’
"ThismysteriousAustrianTrain，goingthewrongway，Friedrichattacks，whateveritbe（hoping，Isuppose，itmightbetheAustriansaltogether）；chasesitvigorously；snatchesallthemeal—
wagons，andabout1，000prisoners。Uncertainstillwhatitis，——ifnottheAustriansaltogether？Tohissorrow，hefinds，onpushingfartherintoit，thatitisonlyHaddickandtheInfantry；
thatLoudon，withthe20，000Horse，willhavegoneoffforFrankfurt；——irretrievablyahead，theswiftLoudon，——evercareeringnorthwardallthiswhile，sincethatafternoonatSommerfeld，whenthefugitivesalteredhisopinion:anowunattainableLoudon。
InthecourseofThursdaynight，FriedrichhassatisfiedhimselfthattheLoudonjunctionisathingasgoodasdone；——ineffect，LoudondidgettoFrankfurt，morningofAugust3d，andjoinedtheRussiansthere；andaboutthesametime，oronlyafewhourssooner，Friedrich，bysymptoms，hasdivinedthathishunthasended，inthisratherunsuccessfulway；andthatchasingofHaddickisnottheroadtogo。"[Tempelhof，iii。135—139。]
NotHaddicknow；withorwithouttheirAustrians，itshallbetheRussiansnow！Twodaysago（Wednesday，aswasmentioned），beforesightofthoseenigmaticmeal—wagons，FriedrichhadlearnedthattheRussiansweretobeinFrankfurtagain；andhadorderedWedelltomarchthitherward，atanyrate。WhichWedellisdoing，allthisThursdayandthefourfollowingdays。Asdoeslikewise，fromandafter"FRIDAY，AUGUST3d，1A。M。"（huntthenover），Friedrichhimself，——renouncingHaddickandthehunt。StraighttowardsFrankfurtthenceforth；head—quartersBeeskowthatnight；
nextnight，Mullrose，whitherWedellisappointed，withintwelvemilesofFrankfurt。ThisistheendofFriedrich’ssoreChaseandMarch；burntdeeplyintohisownwearybrain，ifoursstillrefuseitadmittance！Here，ofutterlyfatiguedtone，isaNoteofhis，chieflyonbusiness，toMinisterFinkenstein。Indeedthereare，withinthenexttendays，ThreesuccessiveNotestoFinkenstein，whichwillbeworthreadingintheirdueplaces。ThisistheFirstofthem:——
THEKINGTOGRAFVONFINKENSTEIN（atBerlin）。
"BEESKOW，3dAugust，1759。"
"Iamjustarrivedhere，aftercruelandfrightfulmarchings[CHECKSHIMSELF，HOWEVER]。Thereisnothingdesperateinallthat；
andIbelievethenoiseanddisquietudethishurly—burlyhascausedwillbetheworstofit。ShowthisLettertoeverybody，thatitmaybeknowntheStateisnotundefended。Ihavemadeabove1，000
prisonersfromHaddick。Allhismeal—wagonshavebeentaken。
Finck，Ibelieve，willkeepaneyeonhim，"andsecureBerlinfromattemptsofhis。"ThisisallIcansay。
"To—morrowImarchtowithintwoleaguesofFrankfurt[toMullrose，namely]。Katte[theMinisterwhohaschargeofsuchthings]mustsendmeinstantlyTwoHundredWispels[saytons]ofMeal，andBakersOneHundred，toFurstenwalde。IshallencampatWulkow。Iamverytired。ForsixnightsIhavenotclosedaneye。Farewell。——F。"
DuringtheaboveintricateWar—DanceofFive，——thedaywhileFriedrichwasatSommerfeld，thedaybeforehecameinsightofHaddick’smeal—wagonsgoingthewrongroad，——therewenton，atMinden，ontheWeser，threehundredmilesaway，abeautifulfeatofWar，inthehighestdegreesalutarytoDukeFerdinandandBritannicMajesty’sMinistry；featwhichrequiresawordfromushere。
AreallysplendidVictory，thisofMinden，August1st:
FrenchdrivenheadlongthroughthePassesthere；their"ConquestofHanoverandWeserCountry"quiteexplodedandflungoverthehorizon；andDukeFerdinandrelievedfromallhisdistresses，andlordoftheascendantagaininthoseparts。HighlyinterestingtoFriedrich；——especiallytoPrinceHenri；whoseapprehensionsaboutFerdinandandtheoldRichelieuHastenbeck—Halberstadttimereturningonus，havebeenverygreat；andwhonow，atSchmottseifen，firesFEU—DE—JOIEforitwithallhisheart。ThisisaBattlestillofsomeinteresttoEnglishreaders。ButcanEnglishreadersconsenttohaltinthishotpinchoftheFriedrichcrisis；
andreadthebriefestthingwhichisforeigntoit？Alas，Ifeartheycan；——andwillinserttheNotehere:——
BATTLEOFMINDEN:WEDNESDAY，AUGUST1st，1759。———"EversinceBergen，thingshavegoneawrywithFerdinand，andinspiteofskilfulmanagement，ofhardstrugglesandbrightsparklesofsuccess，hehashadabadCampaignofit。TheFrench，itwouldseem，arereallygotintobetterfightingorder；Belleisle’sexertionsasWar—Ministerhavebeenalmostwonderful，——insomerespects，TOOwonderful，asweshallhear！——andBroglioandContades，incomparisonwithClermontandSoubise，haverealsoldierqualities。Contades，acrossRhineagain，inthoseWeserCountries，whoisskilfulinhisway，andisprickedonbyemulationofBroglio，hasbeenspreadinghimselfoutsteadilyprogressivethere；whileBroglio，pushingalongfromFrankfurt—on—
Mayn，hasconqueredHessen；isintoHanover；ontheedgeofconqueriugHanover，——whichhowisFerdinandtohinder？
Ferdinandhasgottwo，ifnotthreeArmiestodealwith，andinnumberisnotmnchsuperiortoone。IfheruntosaveHanoverfromBroglio，helosesWestphalia:Osnabruck（hismagazine）？Munster，Lippstadt，——Contades，iflefttohimself，willtakethese，aftershortsiege；andwillnestlehimselfthere，andthenadvance，notlikeatransitoryfever—fit，butlikevisibledeath，onHanover。
Ferdinand，rapidyetwary，manoeuvredhisverybestamongthoseinterestsofhis，ontheleftbankofWeser；butafterthesurprisalofMindenfromhim（brilliantlydonebyBroglio，andtheaidofatreacherouspeasant），especiallyafterthecaptureofOsnabruck，hisoutlooksaregloomytoadegree:andatVersailles，andatMindenwhereContadeshasestablishedhimself，’theConquestofHanover’（beautifulcounterweighttoallone’slossesinAmericaorelsewhere）isregardedasacertaintyofthisYear。
"ForthelasttendaysofJuly，aboutMinden，themanoeuvring，especiallyonFerdinand’spart，hadbeenintense；agreatideaintheheadofFerdinand，moreorlessunintelligibletoContades。
Contades，withsome30，000，whichisthebetterhalfofhisforce，hastakenoneoftheunassailablestpositions。Helieslookingnorthward，hisrightwingontheWeserwithpoststoMinden（Mindenperhapsamilenortheastwardthere），onhisleftimpassablepeat—
bogsandquagmires；infrontaquaggyRiverorimpassableblackBrook，calledtheBastau，comingfromthewestward，whichdisemboguesatMinden:[SketchofPlan，p。238]——thereliesContades，asifinarabbit—hole，saymilitarymen；fordefence，ifthatwerethesoleobject，nopostcanbestronger。Contadeshasinpersonsay30，000；androundhim，onbothsidesoftheWeser，areBrogliowith20，000；besidesotherDivisions，Iknownothowmany，besiegingMunster，capturingOsnabruck（ourhaymagazine），attemptingLippstadtbysurprise（tonopurpose），anddiligentlyworkingforward，daybyday，toFerdinand’sruininthoseMindenregions。ThreeorfourDivisionsbusyinthatmanner；——andaboveall，wesay，hehasBrogliowitha20，000ontherightoreastbankoftheWeser，——who，ifFerdinandquithimevenforaday，seemstohaveHanoveratdiscretion，andcanmarchanydayuponHanoverCity，wherehislighttroopshavealreadybeenmorethanonce。
Whydoesn’tFerdinandcrossWeser，re—crossWeser；coerceBroglioback；andsaveHanover？crytheGazetteersandaPublicofweakjudgment。Pitt’sPublicisinclinedtomurmuraboutFerdinand；
Pitthimselfnever。FerdinandpersistsinstickingbyMindenneighborhood，——and，inascarcelyaccountableway，manoeuvringthere，shootingouttherefromwhatmischiefhecanuponthevariousContadespeopleintheirsiegesandthelike。
"OnContadeshimselfhecanpretendtodonothing，——excepthoodwinkhim，enticehimout，andtrytogetachanceonhim。Butforhisownsubsistenceandotherwise，heisverylively；——snatches，byasuddenstroke，BremenCity:’Yestruly，BremenisaReichstadt；
norshallYOUsnatchit，asyoudidFrankfurt；butIwill，instead；
andmyEnglishproviant—shipsshallhaveasurehavenhenceforth！’
SnatchesBremenbyonesuddenstroke；RE—snatchesOsnabruckbyanother（’ourmagazineconsiderablyINCREASEDsinceyouhavehadit，manythanks！’）；doesloseMunster，tohissorrow；
butneverthelesssticksbyhisgroundhere；——naydetacheshisswift—cuttingNephew，theHereditaryPrince，whoisgrowingfamousforsuchthings，tocutoutContades’sstrongposttosouthward（Gohfeld，tenmilesuptheWeser），whichguardshismeal—wagons，aftertheirlongjourneyfromthesouth。ThatisContades’soneweakpoint，inthispostureofthings:hismealisatCassel，seventymilesoff。Broglioandheseeclearly，’TillwecangetanewmagazinemuchnearerHanover，oratlowest，canclearoutthesepeoplefrominfestingushere，thereisnomovingnorthward！’
TobothContadesandBrogliothatisanevidentthing:
thecorollarytowhichis，TheymustfightFerdinand；mustwatchlynx—liketillachanceturnupofbeatinghiminfight。Thatistheiroutlook；andFerdinandknowsitis，——andmanoeuvresaccordingly。Militarymenadmiremuch，nothismovementsonly，buthisclearinsightintoContades’sandBroglio’stemperofmind，andbywhatmethodstheyweretobehandled，theyandhisownaffairstogether，andbroughtwhitherhewantedthem。[InMAUVILLON（ii。
41—44）minuteaccountofallthat。]
"ThisattemptonGohfeldwasaseriousmischieftoContades，ifitsucceeded。ButthedetachingofthePrinceofBrunswickonit，andweakeningone’stooweakArmy，’Whatarashness，whatanoversight！’thinksContades（asFerdinandwishedhimtodo）:
’Isourskilfulenemy，inthisextremeembarrassment，losinghead，then？Lookathisleftwingyonder[GeneralWangenheim，sittingbehindbatteries，inhisVillageofTodtenhausen，lookingintoMindenfromthenorth]:——Wangenheim’sleftleansontheWeser，yes；
butWangenheim’sright，observe，hasnosupportwithinthreemilesofit:tearWangenheimout，Ferdinand’sflankisbare！’
ThesethingsseemedtoContadestheverychancehehadbeenwaitingfor；andbroughthimtriumphantlyoutofhisrabbit—hole，intotheHeathofMinden，asFerdinandhopedtheywoulddo。
"Andso，TUESDAYEVENING，JULY31st，thingsbeingnowallripe，upwardsof50，000Frenchareindustriouslyinmotion。ContadeshasnineteenbridgesreadyontheBastauBrook，infrontofhim；
TATTOOthisnight，inContades’sCamp，istomeanGENERALMARCH，’March，allofyou，acrossthesenineteenBridges，toyourstationsonthePlainorHeathofMindenyonder，——andbepunctual，liketheclock！’BrogliocrossesWeserbythetownBridge，rankshimselfoppositeTodtenhausen；andthroughthelivelongnightthereis，onthepartofthe50，000French，averygreatmarchinganddeploying。
ContadesandBrogliotogetherare51，400footandhorse。
Ferdinand’sentireforcewillbenear46，000；butonthedayofBattleheisonly36，000，——havingdetachedtheHereditaryPrinceonGohfeld，inwhatviewweknow。——TheBATTLEOFMINDEN，calledalsoofTONHAUSEN（meaningTODTENhausen），whichhereuponfellout，hasstillitsfameintheworld；and，Iperceive，iswellworthstudybythesoldiermind:thoughnothingbuttheroughoutlineofitispossiblehere。
"Ferdinand’spostsextendfromtheWeserriverandTodtenhausenroundbyStemmern，Holzhausen，toHartumandtheBogofBastau（thechiefpartofhimtowardsBastau），——invariousVillages，andwoodypatchesandfavorablespots；alllookinginuponMinden，fromadistanceoffiveorsevenmiles；formingakindofarc，withMindenforcentre。HewillmarchupineightColumns；ofcourse，withwideintervalsbetweenthem，——wide，butcontinuallynarrowingasheadvances；whichwillindeedberuinousgaps，ifFerdinandwaittobeattacked；butwhichwillcoalescecloseenough，ifhebespeedyuponContades。ForContades’slineisalsoofarc—likeoralmostsemicircularform，behinditMindenascentre；Minden，whichisattheintersectionofWeserandtheBrook；hisrightflankisonWeser，BroglioVERSUSWangenheimtheextremeright；hisleft，withinfantryandartillery，restsonthatblackBrookofBastauwithitsnineteenBridges。Asthegroundonbothwingsisrough，notsofitforCavalry，ContadesputshisCavalrywhollyinthecentre:
theyarethefloweroftheFrenchArmy，about10，000horseinall；
firmopengroundaheadofthemthere，withstrongbatteries，massesofinfantrytosupportoneachflank；batteriestoplywithcross—
fireanyassailantthatmaycomeon。Broglio，wesaid，isrightwing；stronginartilleryandinfantry。BroglioistorootoutWaugenheim:afterwhich，——orevenbeforewhich，ifWangenheimiskeptbusyandwearenimble，——whatbecomesofFerdinand’sleftflank，withagapofthreemilesbetweenWangenheimandhim，and10，000chosenhorsetotakeadvantageofit！HadtheFrenchbeenofPrussiandexterityandnimblenessinmarching，itisverypossiblesomethingmighthavecomeofthislattercircumstance:butFerdinandknowstheyarenot；andintendstotakegoodcareofhisflank。
"Contadesandhispeoplewereofwillingmind；buthadnoskillin’marchiugup:’and，oncegotacrosstheBastaubytheirnineteenBridges，theywastedmanyhours:——’Toofar，amI？notfarenough？
Tooclose？notcloseenough？’——andbroiledabout，inmuchhurryandconfusion，allnight。Fightwastohavebegunat5inthemorning。
Brogliowasinhisplace，silentlylookingintoWangenheim，byfiveo’clock；butunfortunatelydidnothinguponWangenheim（’Notreadyyou，Isee！’），exceptcannonadealittle；——andindeedallthroughdidnothing（’Stillnotreadyyouothers！’）；whichsurelywasquestionableconduct，thoughnotreckonedsoatVersailles，whenthecasecametobearguedthere。AstotheContadespeople，acrossthosenineteenBridges，theyhadabafflingconfusednight；
andwerebynomeanscorrectlyontheirgroundatsunrise，norat7o’clock，norat8；andwerestillmendingthemselveswhentheshockcame，andtimewasdone。
"Themorningisverymisty；butFerdinandhashimselfbeenoutexaminingsincetheearliestdaybreak:hisorderslastnightwere，’Cavalrybesaddledat1inthemorning，’——havingaguessthattherewouldbework，ashenowfindstherewill。From5A。M。
FerdinandisissuingfromhisCamp，flowingdowneastward，beautifullyconcentric，closingonContades；horseNOTincentre，butEnglishInfantryincentre（SixBattalions，orSixREGIMENTSbyEnglishreckoning）；rightoppositethose10，000HorseofContades’s，thesightofwhomseemstobeveryanimatingtothem。
TheEnglishCavaIrystandontherightwing，attheVillageofHartum:LordGeorgeSackvillehadnotbeenverypunctualinsaddlingat1o’clock；butheisthere，rankedontheground，at8，——inwhathumornobodyknows；sulkyandflabby，Ishouldratherguess。EnglishTourists，idleotherwise，maytakealookatHartumonthesouthside，asthespotwhereaveryuglythingoccurredthatday。
"Soonafter8theFightbegins:attack，bycertainHessians，onHahlenanditsbatteries；attempttodrivetheFrenchoutofHahlen，asthefirstthing，——whichdoesnotsucceedatonce（indeedtookthreeattacksinall）；andperhapslooksrathertedioustothoseSixEnglishBattalions。Ferdinand’sordertothemwas，’Youshallmarchuptoattack，youSix，onsoundofdrum；’but，itseems，theyreadit，’BYsoundofdrum；’’Beatingourowndrums；
yes，ofcourse！’——and，beingwearyofthisHahlenwork，orfancyingtheyhadnoconcernwithit，strodeon，double—quick，withoutwaitingforHahlenatall！TothehorroroftheirHanoveriancomrades，whoneverthelessdeterminedtofollowassecondline。
’TheContadescross—fireofartillery，batteryof30gunsononeflank，of36ontheother，doesitsbestuponthisforward—mindedInfantry，buttheyseemtoheeditlittle；walkrightforward；
and，totheastonishmentofthoseFrenchHorseandofalltheworld，entirelybreakandruinthechargemadeonthem，andtrampforwardinchaseofthesame。The10，000Horsefeelastonished，insulted；andrushoutagain，furiouslycharging；theEnglishhaltandserrythemselves:’Nofiretilltheyarewithinfortypaces；’
andthensuchpouringtorrentsofitasnohorseormancanendure。
Rallyafterrallythereis，onthepartofthose10，000；massaftermassofthemindignantlyplungeson，——again，everagain，aboutsixchargesinall；——butdonotbreaktheEnglishlines:oneofthem（regimentMestrede—Camp，raisedtoaparoxysm）doesoncegetthrough，acrossthefirstline，butisblownbackindreadfulcircumstancesbythesecond。Afterwhichtheygiveitup，asathingthatcannotbedone。Andrushrearward，hither，thither，thewholeseventy—fivesquadronsofthem；and’betweentheirtwowingsofinfantryareseenboilingincompletedisorder。’
"Thishaslastedaboutanhour:thisisessentiallythesouloftheFight，——thoughtherewantednototheractivities，torightofitandtoleft，onbothsides；artilleriesgoingatamightyrateonbothwings；andcounter—artilleries（superlativepractice’byCaptainPhillips’onOURrightwing）；BrogliocannonadingWangenheimveryloudly，butwithlittleharmdoneorsuffered，ontheirrightwing。WangenheimiswatchfulofthatgapbetweenFerdinandandhim，tillitcloseitselfsufficiently。Theirright—
wingInfantrydidoncemakesomeattemptthere；butthePrussianHorse——（alwaysasmallbodyofPrussiansserveinthisAlliedArmy）——shotout，andinabrilliantmannersweptthemhomeagain。
PLANOFBATTLEHERE——PAGE239，BOOKX1X———————————————
ArtilleryandthatprettychargeofPrussianHorsearealloneremembers，exceptthisoftheEnglishandHanoverFootinthecentre:’anunsurpassablething，’saysTempelhof（thoughitsoeasilymighthavebeenafatal！）——whichhassetContades’scentreboiling，andreducedContadesaltogethertowater，asitwere。
Contadessaidbitterly:’IhaveseenwhatIneverthoughttobepossible，——asinglelineofinfantrybreakthroughthreelinesofcavalryrankedinorderofbattle，andtumblethemtoruin！’
[Stenzel，v。204。]
"Thiswasthefeat，thishour’sworkinthecentre，theessentialsouloftheFight:——andhadLordGeorgeSackville，GeneraloftheHorse，comeonwhengallopedforandbidden，herehadbeensucharuin，sayalljudges，asseldomcameuponanArmy。LordGeorge——everlastingdisgraceandsorrowonthenameofhim——couldnotseehiswaytocomingon；delayed，haggled；wouldnotevenletGranby，hislieutenant，come；notforasecondAdjutant，notforathird；nevercameonatall；butrodetothePrince，asking，’HowamItocomeon？’Who，withapolitenessIcanneverenoughadmire，didnotinstantlykillhim，butanswered，inmildtone，’Milord，theopportunityisnowpast！’WherebyContadesescapedruin，andwasonlybeaten。Byabout10inthemorningallwasover。Whenaman’scentreisgonetowater，nopartofhimisfarfromthefluidstate。Contadesretreatedintohisrabbit—holebythosenineteenbridges，——welltormented，theysay，byCaptainPhillips’sartillery，tillhegotbeyondtheknollsagain。Broglio，whohadneverbeeninmusket—fireatall，buthadmerelybarkedonWangenheimallmorning，insteadofbiting，coveredtheretreat，andwithdrewintoMinden。AndweareabeatenArmy，——thankstoLordGeorge，notanannihilatedone。Ourlossbeingonly7，086（withheavyguns，colors，cavalryflagsandthelike）；theirsbeing2，822，——fullhalfofitfallingonthoserashSixBattalions。
[Mauvillon，ii。44—60；Tempelhof，iii。154—179，&c。&c。:
andProceedingsofaCourt—Martial，heldattheHorse—
Guards，7th—24thMarchand25thMarch—5thApril，1760，inTrialofLordGeorgeSackville（London，1760）。InKnesebeck，FerdinandwahrenddessiebenjahrigenKrieges
（i。395），Ferdinand’sLettertoFriedrichof"July31st；"and（i。398—418andii。33—36）manyspecialdetailsaboutSackvilleand"August1st。"
"AndwhatisthisonehearsfromGohfeldintheevening？
TheHereditaryPrince，busythereonusduringtheveryhoursofMinden，hasblownourrear—guarddivisiontothewindsthere；——andwemustmovesouthward，oneandallofus，withoutamoment’sdelay！Outofthisrabbit—holetheretreatbyrearwardisthroughadifficultcountry，theWestphalianGatessocalled；fataltoVarus’sLegionslongago。Contadesgotunderwaythatverynight；
lostmostofhisbaggage，allhisconquests，thatshadow—conquestofHanover，andmorethanallhisglories（Versaillesshriekingonhim，’Resignyou；letBrogliobechief，）；——and，onthewhole，jumbledhomewardhitherandthither，gravitatingtowardstheRhine，nothingbutWeseltodependoninthoseparts，asheretofore。
BroglioretreatedFrankfurt—way，alsoasusual，thoughnotquitesofar；andatVersailleshadclearlythevictory。ZealousBelleislecouldnotprotecthisContades；itisnotknownwhetherheprivatelyblamedContadesorblamedBroglioforlossofMinden。
Zealousoldman，whatalosstohimselfwithalhadMindenbeen！
Thatshadow—conquestofHanoverisquitevanished:andworse，inFerdinand’sspoilwerecertainLETTERSfromBelleisletoContades，inculcatingstrangethings；——forexample，’ILFAUTFAIREUNDESERT
DUPAYS[allHessen，Ithink，lestFerdinandadvanceonyou]DEVANT
L’ARMEE，’andthelike。WhichFerdinandsawgoodtopublish，andwhichresoundedratherhideouslythroughthegeneralmind。"
[WeretakenatDetmold（Tempelhof，iii。223）；OldNewspapersfullofExcerptsfromthem，intheweeksfollowing。]
IgnominiousSackvillewastriedbyCourt—martial；cashiered，declaredincapableofagainservinghisMajesty"inanymilitarycapacity；"——perhapsamildwayofsignifyingthathewantedthecommoncourageofasoldier？ZealousMajesty，alwaysparticularinsoldiermatters，proclaimeditofficiallytobe"asentenceworsethandeath；"andfurthermore，withhisownroyalhand，takingthepenhimself，struckoutSackvillefromtheListofPrivy—
Councillors。Propersurely，andindispensable；——andshouldhavebeenpersistedin，likeFate；which，inanewReign，itwasnot！
Fortherest，therewasalways，andis，somethingofenigmainSackville’spalpablybadcase。ItisdifficulttothinkthataSackvillewantedcommoncourage。ThisSackvillefoughtduelswithpropriety；inprivatelife，hewasasurly，domineeringkindoffellow，andhadnoappearanceofwantingspirit。Itisknown，hedidnotloveDukeFerdinand；farfromit！Maynothehavebeenofpeculiarlysourhumorthatmorning，thelucklessfool；
sulkyagainstFerdinand，andhis"saddlingatoneo’clock；"
sulkyagainsthimself，againsttheworldandmankind；andflabbilydisinclinedtoheroicpracticesforthemoment？Andthemomentcame；andthemanwasnotthere，exceptinthatfoggy，flabbyandforeverruinouscondition！Archenholtz，aloneofWriters，judgesthatheexpresslywantedtospoiltheBattleofMindenandFerdinand’sreputation，andtogetappointedCommanderinhisstead。Wonderful；butmayhavesomevestigeofbasis，too！
True，thisSackvillewasasfittoleadthecoursesofthestarsastoleadarmies。ButsuchaSackvillehasambition，and，whatisfatallymorepeculiartohim，achanceforunfoldingit；——anyblockheadhasanambitioncapable，ifyouencourageitsufficiently，ofrunningtotheinfinite。Enoughofthisparticularblockhead；andmayitbelongbeforeweseehislikeagain！——
TheEnglishCavalrywasinaragewithSackville。OftheEnglishInfantry，Historianssay，whatisnotnowmuchheardofinthisCountry，"ThattheseunsurpassableSix[inindustriousvalorunsurpassable，thoughtheymistookorders，andmighthavefaredbadly！]areeversincecalledtheMindenRegiments；thattheyarethe12th，20th，23d，25th，37thand51stoftheBritishLine；
andcarry’Minden’ontheircolors，"[Kausler，Schlachter，&c。p，587。]——withsilentprofit，Ihope！
FancyhowPitt’spublic，latelygloomyanddubious，blazedaloftintojoyfulcertaintyagain！Pitt’soutlookshavebeenreallygloomyallthisseason；norarethedifficultiesyetended，thoughwehopetheywillend。LetusaddthisotherbitofSynchronism，whichisstillofadverseaspect，overSeas；andwillbepungentlyinterestingtoPittandEngland，whentheycometohearofit。
"BEFOREQUEBEC，JULY31st，1759。ThissameEvening，atQuebec，ontheothersideoftheAtlantic，——eveningatQuebec，9or10atnightforContadesandhisnineteenBridges，——thereisadifficultaffairgoingon。AboveandbelowtheFallsofMontmorenci，andtheiroutflowintotheSt。Lawrence:attemptonGeneralWolfe’sparttopenetratethroughupontheFrench，underMarquisdeMontcalm，FrenchCommander—in—chief，andtogetastrokeatQuebecandhim。FromthesouthsideoftheSt。Lawrence，nothingcanbedoneuponQuebec，suchthedistanceover。FromIsled’Orleansandthenorthside，itisalsoimpossiblehitherto。EasyenoughtobattertheLowerTown，fromyourshipsandredoubts:buttheHighTowntowersaloftonitssheerpinnacles，inaccessibleeventocannon；looksdownontheskilfulestBritishAdmiralandFleetasifwithanairofindifference，——tryinghimondarknightswithfire—ships，fire—rafts，thecunningestkindsofpyrotechny，whichheskilfullytowsaside。
"Astrenuousthing，thisofWolfe’s；thoughanunsuccessful。
Towardsevening，theendofit；allQuebecassembledonthesouthernramparts，witnessingwithintenseinterest；thesublimeFallsofMontmorencigushingon，totallyindifferent。Foraboutamonthpast，GeneralWolfe，withtheproperequipments，andabout10，000men，navalandmilitary，whowasexpresslyselectedbyPitttobesiegeQuebec，andisdyingtosucceed，hasbeentryingeveryschemetogetintocontactwithit:——tonopurpose，solofty，chasmy，rockyistheground，cutbymountainousprecipicesandtorrentstreams，branchesofthegrandSt。LawrenceRiver；
soskilfullytakenadvantageofbyMontcalmandhispeople，whoareathomehere，andinregularsnearlyequalWolfe，nottospeakofSavagesandCanadians，Wolfe’splanofthe31stwasnotilllaid；
andtheexecutionhasbeenzealous，seamenandlandsmenalikeofwillingmind；——butitmetwithaccidents。Accidentsinboating；
thenastillworseaccidentonlanding；theregimentofgrenadiers，whichcrossedbelowtheFalls，having，sosoonaslanded，rushedoffontheredoubtthereontheirownscore，withoutwaitingforthetwobrigadesthatweretocrossandco—operateABOVEtheFalls！
WhichcutWolfetotheheart；andinducedhim，especiallyasthetidewasmakingagain，togiveuptheenterprisealtogether，andrecalleverybody，whileitwasyettime。[Gentleman’sMagazinefor1759，pp。470—473；Thackeray，i。488。]
Wolfeisstrictindiscipline；lovesthewillingmind，nonemore，andcankindleitamongthoseabouthim；buthelovesdisciplinewithal，andknowshowfatalthetoowillingmaybe。ForsixweeksmorethereistoilonthebackoftoileverywhereforpoorWolfe。
Hefallsintofevers，intomiseries，almostintobrokenheart；——
nothingsuretohimbutthatofdoinghisownpoorutmosttotheverydeath。Aftersixweeks，weshallperhapshearofhimagain。
Glidingswiftlytowardsdeath；butalsotowardsvictoryandthegoalofallhiswishes。"
Andnow，afterthisflighthalfroundtheworld，itistimewereturntoOderCountry，andaFriedrichontheedgeofformidablethingsthere。NextdayafterBeeskow，wherewelefthim，hedulyarrivedatMullrose；wasjoinedbyWedellthere，August6th；andisnowatWulkow，——"encampedbetweenLebusandWulkow，"aswehearelsewhere；——quiteintheenvironsofFrankfurtandofgreatevents。
FRIEDRICHTOGRAFVONFINKENSTEIN（SecondNote）。
WULKOW，8thAugust，1759。
"Ifyouhearoffiringto—morrow，don’tbesurprised；itisourrejoicingfortheBattleofMinden。IbelieveIshallhavetokeepyouinsuspensesomedaysyet。Ihavemanyarrangementstomake；
Ifindgreatdifficultiestosurmount，——anditisrequiredtosaveourCountry，nottoloseit:Ioughtbothtobemoreprudentandmoreenterprisingthanever。Inaword，IwilldoandundertakewhateverIfindfeasibleandpossible。Withallthat，Iseemyselfinthenecessityofmakinghaste，tocheckthedesignsHaddickmayhaveonBerlin。Adieu，MONCHER。Inalittle，youwillhaveeitheraDEPROFUNDISoraTEDEUM。——F。"[OEuvresdeFrederic，xxv。305，306。]
ChapterIV。
BATTLEOFKUNERSDORF。
Sunday，July29th，atFrankfurt—on—Oderdivineworshipwasbrokeninupon，andthepoorCitythrownintoconsternation，byactualadvent，orasgoodasadvent，oftheRussians:"OntheCrossenroad，closeby；coming，come！"Andtheydidundeniablyappear，nextmorning，inforce；ontheopposite，easternorKunersdorfsideoftheRiver，onthetopoftheOder—Damthere；anddemandedinstantadmission，underpenaltyofgeneraldeathbyfire。
WithintheTownstoodMajorArnim，aVeteranofthoseparts，with400militia；these，withtheirmusketsandwithtwocannon，aretheonlydefenceofFrankfurt，TheTownhasGates；butitswalls，I
doubt，aremainlygarden—wallsandhouse—walls。Ontheeasternside，theRiver，especiallyifyouhavecannonontheBridge，givesitsomethiugofprotection；butonthewesternandallothersides，itisoverhungbyheights。ThisFrankfurt，likeitsbiggerNamesakeontheMayn，isknownasabusytradingplace，itsFairsmuchfrequentedinthoseEasternparts；andisbelievedbytheRussianstobefarricherthanitis。Thereader，astherehappenstobeoculartestimonyextant，[JohannZudwigKriele，SCHLACHTBEI
KUNERSDORF，MIT&C。（Berlin，1801）。KrielewassubsequentPastorintheParish，anexcellentintelligentman:hascompiledinbriefform，withanelaborateCharttoo，aclearaccountofeverything，intheBattleandbeforeandafterit。]mayliketoseealittlehowtheybehavedthere。
"Arnim，takingsurveyoftheRussianParty，valuesit，orwhathecanseeofit，at1，000[theyreallywere6，000]；keepshisDrawbridgeup；andanswersstoutlyenough，’No。’Uponwhich，fromtheOder—Dam，therefliesoffonefierygrenado；oneandnomore，——
whichalightedinthehouseof’Mrs。Thielicke，aBaker’sWidow，whowasstandingatthedoor；’——killedpoorMrs。Thielicke，blewthehouseconsiderablytowreck，butdidnotsetfiretoit。
Amim，alltheMagistratesentreatinghimfortheloveofHeaventoleavethem，issecretlyshovingoffhistwocannontotheNorthernGate；andinfactismakinghispackageswithfullspeed:’PushforCustrin，’thinksArnim，andsaveselvesandcannon，sincenogoodistobedonehere！’
"Itwasabout11A。M。whentheThielickegrenadofell:obstinateArnimwouldbynomeansgo；onlypackedallthefaster。Asecondsummonscame:still，No。ForthethirdandlasttimetheRussiansthensummon:’Grenadoes，ahundredmoreofthemlieready，unless——！’’Wewill，wewill；OmercifulservantofCzarishMajesty！’passionatelysignifytheMagistrates。ButArnimisstillnegative，stillkeepstheBridgeup。Oneofthehundreddoesgo，bywayofforetaste:thislighted’neartheOberKirche，inthechimneyoftheTownMusikus；’broughtthechimneycrashingdownonhim[fancyamanwithsomefinenessofear]；torethehouseagooddealtopieces，butagaindidnotsetitonfire。’YourobstinateTowncanbebombarded，then，——cannotit？’observedtheRussianMessenger。——’GiveusFreeWithdrawal！’proposesAmim。’No；youtobePrisonersofWar；TownatCzarishMajesty’sdiscretion。’
’Never，’answersArnim（totheoutwardear）。——’Go，oh，fortheloveofHeaven，go！’cryallOfficialpeople。
"Arnim，deaftoclamor，butsteadilydiligentingettingready，doesatlastgo；throughtheLebusSuburb，quickmarch；steady，yetathisbeststep；——takingtheTown—keysinhispocket，andleavingtheDrawbridgeup。OneissorryforpoorArnimandhis400Militia；
whoseconductwasperfect，underdifficultiesandalarms；
butprovedunsuccessful。TheterrifiedMagistrates，findingtheirKeysgone，andtheconflagrativeRussiansattheirgates，gotblacksmithsontheinstant；smotedown，bychiselandmallet，thelockedDrawbridge，smoteopentheGates:’Enter，OgraciousSirs；
andmayCzarishMajestyhavemercyonus！’SothatArnimhadsmallstartformarchersonfoot；andwasovertakenabouthalf—way。
Wouldnotyieldstill，thoughtheoddswereoverwhelming；
drewhimselfoutonthebestgrounddiscoverable；madehotresistance；hotandskilful；butinvain。Aboutsixintheevening，ArnimandPartywerebroughtback，Prisoners，toFrankfurtagain，——
self，survivingmen，cannonsandall（selfinawoundedstate）；——
and’werelockedinvariousBrew—houses；’littleofcarefulsurgery，Ishouldfear。PoorArnim；mancoulddonomore；andhehasbeenunfortunate。"
ItisbynomeansourintentiontodescribetheIliadofmiseries，theagitations，terrorsanddisquietudes，thetribulationandutterharrowingtodespair，whichpoorFrankfurtunderwent，incessantlyfromthatdayforward，foraboutfiveweekstocome。
"Thefurnishingsofvictual[Russianstockquiteout]weretoaninconceivableamount；surrenderofarms，oflinens，cloths，ofeverythingusefultoahungryArmy；aboveallthings，ofhorses，sothatatlasttherewerebutfourhorsesleftinallFrankfurt；
and"——Butwemustnotgointodetails。
"Onthesecondday，besidesallthis，"whatwillbesignificantofitall，"therewasexacted’ransomof600，000thalers（90，000
pounds），oryoushallbedeliveredtotheCossacks！’Frankfurthasnotabove12，000inhabitantswithinitsbounds；hereisasuddenpoll—taxof7pounds10s。perhead。Frankfurthasnotsuchasum；
themostrigorouscollectiondidnotyieldabovethetenthpartofit。Andmorethanoncethosesanguinaryvagabondswereopenlydrawnout，pitch—linkinhand:’The90，000poundsor——！’CivicPresidencyOfficeinFrankfurtwasnotabedofroses。ThepoorMagistratesrusheddistractedlyabout；wrungoutmoneystothelastdrop；
moneys，andintheendplatefromthosethathadit；wentintearfuldeputationtoGeneralSoltikof，——asevereproudkindofman，capableperhapsofbeingflattered，——whousuallylockedthemupinstead。MagistrateswerelockedinRussianward，atonetime，foralmostaweek；satintheblazingsun；ifyoutryfortheshadeofatree，thesentryhandlesarmsuponyou；——andwereliketodie。
Tome，Kriele，itisamiraclehowthemostofuslived；nayweneverreallywantedfood，sokindwasProvidence，sogenerousourpoorneighborsoutofalltheTownsround。Theutmostofmoneythatcouldberaisedwas6，000pounds；nothingbutsomelittleofplate，andourBillfortheremainder。Soltikof，ahighkindofgentleman，sawatlasthowitstood；lettheMagistratesoutofward；sentbacktheplate——’Nothingofthat！’——nay，CzarishMajestywasherselfgenerous；andFORGAVEtheBill，onourpetition，nextYear。
Cossacks，indeed，wereaplunderouswildcrew；buttheRussianskeptthemmostlywithoutthegates。TheregularRussianswerecivilandorderly，officersandmen，——greatlybeyondtheAustriansinbehavior。"[Kriele，SchlachtbeiKunersdorf；
pp。1—15（incompressedstate）。]BythesefewtraitsconceiveFrankfurt:this，nowforgotteninmostbooks，isabackgroundonwhichthingsweretransactedstillmemorabletoeverybody。
"Friday，August3d，GeneralLoudoncametohand:arrivedearly，intheGuben（orWestern）Suburb，his18，000andhe。Inhighspiritsnaturally，andsomewhatexultanttohaveevadedFriedrich；
butfoundareceptionthatsurprisedhim。TheRussianshadbeenlivinginthehopeofjunction；butstillmorevividlyinthatofmeal。’Auxiliaries；humph，——only18，000ofthem；howmuchwelcomerhadbeenasmanyhundredweightsofmeal！’LoudonhadpushedhisbaggagedirectintoFrankfurt；andlikewisearequisitionofsuchandsuchproviants，weightsofmealandthelike，inexuberantamount，tobefurnishedstraightwaybytheCity:neitherofwhichprocedureswouldtheRussianshearofforamoment。’Outwithyou！’
saidtheyroughlytothebaggage—people:’quarterintheGubenSuburb，orwhereyoulike；nothere！’Andwithregardtotherequisitionofproviant，theyansweredinascornfulangrykey，’Proviant？Youtoowithoutit？Youhavenotbroughtusmeal，accordingtocovenant；insteadofmeal，youbringus18，000neweaters，mostofthemonhorse—back，——Satanthankyou！FromFrankfurtbeverycertainyoucangetnoounceofmeal；Frankfurtisourownpoormeal—bag，dreadfullyscanty:stayoutside，andfeedwhereandhowyoucan！’
"Allthis，Loudon，thoughofhottemper，easilycapableofrisingtothefiercepoint，hadtoendureinsilence，forthecommoninterest。Loudon’sowntableisfurnishedfromFrankfurt；nootherAustrianman’s:allothershavetoshifthowtheycan。
Sadrequisitioningneeded，andsadplundertosupplementit:
theAustrianbehaviorwasverybad，saytheFrankfurters；
’inparticular，theyhadburntgraduallyallthecorn—millsinthecountry；withinmanymilesnotonemillstandingwhentheyleftus，’——andfourhorsesalltheconveyancepowerwehad。
Soltikoflodgesingreatpomp，muchsoldieryandcannonparadingbeforehisdoors；notanundignifiedman，oraninhumanoressentiallyfoolish，butveryhighinhisways，anddistastefultoAustriandignitaries。"
TheRussianArmyliesmainlyacrossOder；encampedontheJudenberg，andeastwardthere，alongtheHeights，nearthreemiles，toKunersdorfandbeyond。TheyexpectFriedrichatthegatesofFrankfurtshortly；knowwellthattheycannotdefendFrankfurt。
TheycalculatethatFriedrichwillattackthemintheirJudenbergEncampment，buthopetheyarenearlyreadyforhimthere。
Loudon，fromtheGubenSuburb，willhastenacross，atanymoment；——
welcomeonsuchfightingoccasion，thoughillseenwhenthequestionisofeating！TheRussianshavetheirWagenburgonanIslandsouthward，fartheruptheRiver；theyhavethreePontoonBridgesleadingthither，afreeretreatshouldtheybebeaten。
Andinthemeanwhileareintrenchingthemselves，asonlyDaunwould，——cannonandredoubtsallroundthoseHeights；——andexceptitbescrewingFrankfurttodoitsimpossibleduty，andcartingprovenderwithallthehorsesexceptfour，havenotmuchfarthertodobutwaittilltheKingcome。Whichwillbespeedily，itisprobable！——
Wednesday，August8th，RussianandAustrianGenerals，acheerfulpartyofthem，hadrendezvousedatFISCHERSMUHLE；aMillnotyetburnt，andapleasantTavernaswell；inoneoftheprettiestvalleysintheWesternEnvirons；——intendingtodinethere，andhaveapleasantday。ButtheMiller’sBoyrunsinuponthem，wide—eyed，"HIMMELUNDERDE，PrussianHussars！"ItwasinverityPrussianHussars；theKingofPrussiawiththeminperson。Heiscomeoutreconnoitring，——thedayafterhisarrivalinthoseparts。
ThepleasuringGenerals，RussianandAustrian，sprangtohorsebackattheirswiftest，——hopeofdinnergonefutile，excepttotheinterveningPrussianHussars；——andwouldhaveallbeencaptured，butforthatMiller’sBoy；whoseMilltoowasburntbeforelong。
ThisgallophomeoftheundinedGeneralsintoFrankfurtwasthefirstnewswepoorFrankfurtershadoftheKing’sarrival。
TheKinghasbeenpunctualtohisreckoning:hepickedupWedellatMullrose，——nottoocordialtoWedell’speople:"Noneofyouspeaktothosebeatenwretches，"orderedhe；"tillperhapstheywipeofftheirZullichaustain！"Onthe7th，FriedrichadvancedtoFrankfurtneighborhood；tookCampbetweenWulkowandLebus；——andhasjustbeenoutreconnoitring。Andhasraised，fancywhatemotioninpoorFrankfurtlyingunderitsnightmare！"Nextday，August9th，fromWulkow—Lebushand，we"ofFrankfurt，"heardagreatfiring；
cannon—salvos，musket—volleys:’Nothingoffight，’theRussianOfficerstoldus；’itistheKingofPrussiadoingjoy—fireforMinden，’ofwhichwetillnowknewnothing。"
Friedrich，onsurveyofthisRussian—AustrianArmy，some90，000innumber，withsuchposts，artilleries，advantages，judgesthathe，countingonly40，000，isnotstrongenough。And，indeed，hadsoanticipated，andalreadyjudged；and，accordingly，hasFinckonmarchhitherwardagain，——Berlinmusttakeitsrisk，Saxonymustshiftforitselfintheinterim。Finckisdueintwodays，——nothereatLebusprecisely，butatanotherplaceappointed；Finckwillraisehimto50，000；andthenbusinesscanbegin！ContrarytoRussianexpectation，FriedrichdoesnotattackFrankfurt；
seemsquitequietinhiscantonments；——heisquietly（ifoneknewit）makingpreparationsfartherdowntheRiver。AboutReitwein，betweenthisandCustrin，therearrangementsareproceeding，bynomeansofashowysort。
TheRussian—AustrianArmyquitsFrankfurt，leavingonlysomehundredsofgarrison:Loudonmovesacross，Soltikofacross；totheOder—Damandfarther；andlie，powerfullyintrenched，onthoseKunersdorfHeights，andsandyMoorlands，whichgoeastwardatright—anglestoOder—Dam。OneofthestrongestCampsimaginable。
Allroundthere，tobeyondKunersdorfandbackagain，nearthreemileseachway，theyhavearingofredoubts，andartillerywithoutend。Andliethere，inorderofbattle，ornearlyso；readyforFriedrich，whenheshallattack，throughFrankfurtorotherwise。
TheyfacetotheNorth（Reitweinway，asithappens）；totheirrear，andindeedtotheirfront，onlynotsoclose，arewoodsandintricatewilds。Loudonhastheleftflank；thatistosay，Loudon’slefthandistowardstheOder—DamandFrankfurt；heliesattheROTHEVORWERK（"RedGrange，"aFarmsteadmuchmentionedjustnow）；rathertonorthwestwardoftheJewHillandJewChurchyard（JUDENBERGandJUDENKIRCHHOF，likewisemuchmentioned）；andinadvanceofthegeneralMass。Soltikof’shead—quarter，Iratherunderstand，isontherightwing；probablyinKunersdorfitself，orbeyondthatVillage；there，atleast，ourhighlyimportantRussianrightwingis；there，elaboratelyfortified；and，halfamilefarther，ends，——ontheedgeofsteepdells；theRussianbrinkofwhichisstronglyfringedwithcannon，whilebeyond，onthefartherbrink，theyhavebuiltanabatis；somakingassurancedoublysure。
Lookingtothenorthwardallthese90，000；theirleftrathersouthwardofFrankfurtBridge，overwhichFriedrichwillprobablyarrive。Leftward，somewhattorearward，theyhavebridgesoftheirown；shouldanythingsinisterbefall；threebridgeswhichleadintothatOderIsland，andtheRussianWagenburgthere。
August10th，Finck，punctualtotime，arrivesintheneighborhoodofReitwein（whichissometenmilesdownstreamfromLebus，fromFrankfurtperhapsfifteen）；Friedrich，thesameday，istherebeforehim；eagertocompletetheBridges，andgettobusiness。
OneBridgeisofpontoons；oneof"Oder—boatsfloatedupfromCustrin。"Bridgesarenotbeguntillnightfall，lesteyesbeabroad；arereadyintheminimumoftime。Andso，duringthesamenightofthe10th，alltheInfantry，withtheirartilleriesandbattle—furnitures，pouroverintwocolumns；theCavalry，attheduepointoftime，ridingbyafordshortwaytotheright。Andatfour，inthegrayoftheAugustmorning（Saturday，11thAugust，1759），allpersonsandthingsfindthemselvescorrectlyacross；
rankedthere，inthosebarren，much—indented"Pasture—groundsofGoritz"orofOEtscher；intendingtowardsKunersdorf；readyforunfoldingintoorderofbattlethere。TheyleavetheirheavybaggageatGoritz，WunschtoguardtheBridgesandit；and，insuccinctcondition，areallunderway。AtoneintheafternoonwearegottoLeissowandBischofsee；scrubbyhamlets（astherestallare），notabovetwomilesfromKunersdorf。TheAugustdayiswindless，shiny，sultry；manandhorsearewearywiththelabors，andwiththewantofsleep:wedecidetobivouachere，andrestonthescrubbysurface，heatherorwhateveritis，tillto—morrow。
FinckisVanguard，aheadshortway，andwithhisleftonabitoflakeorbog；theArmyisintwolines，withitsrightonLeissow，andhasCavalryinthekindofwoodwhichthereistorear。
Friedrich，havingsettledthepositions，ridesoutreconnoitring；
hither，thither，overtheHeightsofTrettin。"Thedaybeingstillhot，hesuffersconsiderablyfromthirst[itisouroneAnecdote]
inthataridtract:atlastaPeasantdoesbringhim，directfromthefountain，ajugofpurecoldwater；whom，luckyman，theKingrewardedwithathaler；andnotonlyso，but，themanbeingintelligentofthelocalities，tookwithhimtoanswerquestions。"
Readerstoomaydesiretogainsomeknowledgeoftheimportantgroundnowundersurvey。
"Frankfurt，averyancientTown，notaverybeautiful，"saysmyNote，"standsonanalluviumwhichhasbeengrounddownfromcertainclayHillsontheleftbankofOder。Itcountedabout12，000inhabitantsinFriedrich’stime；hasnowperhapsabout20，000；nothalfthebulkofitsnamesakeontheMayn；butwithThreegreatFairsannually，andmuchtradeoftheroughkind。
OnthisleftorwestbankofOderthecountryisarable，moderatelygrassyandumbrageous，theprospectroundyounotunpleasant；
buteastward，overtheRiver，nothingcanbemoreincontrast。
Oderisofswiftcurrent，ofturbidcolor，asitrollsunderFrankfurtBridge，——WoodenBridge，withDamSuburbattheend；——aRivertreeless，desolate，asyoulookupanddown；whichhas，evidently，oftenchangeditscourse，sincegrindingdownthatalluviumassiteforFrankfurt；andwhich，thoughnowholdingmainlytonorthward，isstillgiventobeerratic，anddestructiveontheeasternlowgrounds，——hadnottheFrankfurtersbuiltan’Oder—Dam’onthatside；abroadstrongEarth—mound，runningformanymiles，andconfiningitsfloods。BeyondtheDamtherearetracesofan’OldOder（ALTEODER）；’and，infact，Oder，inprimevalandinrecenttime，hasgonealong，many—streamed；
indenting，quarrying，leavinglakelets，quagmires，miscellaneoussandytumult，atagreatrate，onthateasternshore。Makingofitoneoftheunloveliestscenesofchaoticdesolationanywheretobemetwith；——fallenunlovelierthaneverinourownmorerecenttimes。
"WhatwecalltheHeightsofKunersdorfisabroadChainofKnolls；
comingout，atright—angles，orasakindofspur，fromtheeasternhighgrounds；directtowardsOderandFrankfurt。
Mill—Hill（MUHLBERG）istherootoreasternmostpartofthisspur。
FromtheMuhlberg，overKunersdorf，toOder—Dam，whichisthewholelengthofthespur，orChainofKnolls，willbelittleshortoffourmiles；thebreadthoftheChainisnowhereonemile，——whichisitsgranddefectasaCamp:’toonarrowformanoeuvringin。’
Here，atopandonthethreesidesofthisBlockofKnolls，wasfoughtthefuriousBattleofKunersdorf[tobefoughtto—morrow]，oneofthemostfuriouseverknown。ABlockofKnollsmemorableeversince。
"Toallappearance:itwasoncesomebigIslandorchainofIslandsintheOderdeluges:itisstillcutwithsuddenhollows，——KUHGRUND
（Cow—Hollow），TIEFEWEG（DeepWay），andwesternmostofall，andmostimportantforushere，HOHLEGRUND（BigHollow，letuscallit；’LOUDON’SHollow’peoplesubsequentlycalledit）；——andiseverywherestrangelytumbledupintoknollsbluntorsharp，theworkofprimevalOderinhisrages。Initshighestknolls，——ofwhichletreadersnotespeciallytheSpitzberg，theMuhlberg，theJudenberg，——itrisesnowhereto150feet；perhapsthegeneralheightofitmaybeabout100。Oneachsideofit，especiallyonthenorth，theCountryisofmostintricatecharacter:
bushy，scraggy，withbrookletsormuddyoozingswanderingabout，especiallywithathingcalledtheHUNERFLIESS（Hen—Floss），whichspringsintheeasternwoods，andhasinconceivabledifficultytogetintoOder，——ifitgetatall！ThiswasasoreFlosstoFriedrichto—morrow。Hen—Flossstruggles，painfullymeanderingandoozing，alongthenorthernside（sometimesclose，sometimesnot）ofourChainofKnolls:alongthesouthsideofit（inourtime，throughthemiddleofit）goestheHighwaytoReppen["FromthatHighwaywillhisattackcome！"thoughttheRussians，alwaystillto—day]:onthenorth，toLeissow，toTrettin，"whereFriedrichisnowonsurvey，"govariouswheel—tracks，butnofirmroad。AmostintricateunlovelyCountry。Witheredbent—grasses，heath，perhapsgorse，andonbothsidesagreatdealofstragglingForest—wood，reachingeastward，andespeciallysouthward，formanymiles。
"Fortherest，"toourill—luckinthisplace，"theBattlefieldofKunersdorfhashadapeculiarfateintheworld；thatofbeingblownawaybythewinds！Thethensceneofthingsexistsnolonger；
thedescriptionsintheOldBooksaregonehopelesslyirrecognizable。Inourtime，thereisnotanywhereatractmorepurelyoftumbledsand，thanallthisbetweenKunersdorfandDamVorstadt；andyoujudge，withoutaidofrecordortradition，thatitisgreatlyalteredfortheworsesinceFriedrich’stime，——somerabbit—colony，orotherthelikeinsignificancy，eatingouttheroots，tillallvegetationdied，andthewindgotholdandsetitdancing；——andthat，in1759，whenRussianhumanbeingstookitforaCamp，itmusthavebeenatleastcoherent，moreorless；
covered，heldtogetherbysomefilmofscrubbyvegetation；
notblowingaboutineverywindasnow！KunersdorfstandswithitsnorthernendpushedintothatKUHGRUND（Cow—Hollow）；whichmustthenhavebeenagrassyplace。EastwardofKunersdorfthegroundhasstillsomeskinofpeat，andstickstogether:butwestward，allthatthreemiles，itisameretumultofsand—hills，tumbledaboutineverydirection（sodiligenthavetheconiesbeen，andthenthewinds）；nogullet，ordefinitecutorhollow，nowtraceableanywhere，butonlyanendlessimbrogliooftwistedsand—heapsandsand—hollows，whichcontinuallyalterinthewind—storms。
Sandwholly，and——exceptthestrongpavedHighwaythatnowrunsthroughit（toReppen，MeseritzandthePolishFrontier，andisstronglypavedtillitgetthroughKunersdorf）——chaoticwholly；
asceneofheapedbarrennessandhorror，nottobematchedbutinSahara；thefeaturesoftheBattlequiteblownaway，andindecipherableinourtime。
"Ahundredyearsago，itwouldhavesometatteredskin，——ofpeat，ofheatheranddwarfwhins，withthesandcroppingoutonlyhereandthere。SoonehastofigureitinSoltikof’sday，——beforetheconiesruinedit。Whichwasnottillwithinthelastsixtyyears，asappears。Kriele’sBook（in1801）stillgivesnohintofchange:
theKUHGRUND，whichnowhasnothingbutdrysandforthemostindustriousruminant，isstillaplaceofsucculenceandherbageinKriele’stime；’DeepWay，’where’atonepointtwocartscouldnotpass，’wasnotyetblownoutofexistence，buthasstill’aWellinit’forKriele；HOHLEGRUND（sincecalledLoudon’sHollow），withtheJewHillandJewChurchyardbeyond，seemtolerableenoughplacestoKriele。ProbablynotunlikewhatthesurroundingCountrystillis。ACountryofpoorvillages，andofwildground，flatgenerally，andbuttolerablygreen；withlakelets，bushes，scrubs，andintricatemeanderinglittlerunletsandoozelets；andingeneralwithmoreofForestsocalledthannowis:——thisisKunersdorfChainofKnolls；Soltikof’sIntrenchedCampatpresent；
destinedtobecomeveryfamousintheworld，afterlyingsolongobscureunderOderanditsrages。"[TOURIST’SNOTE（Autumnn，1852）。]
FromtheKnollsofTrettin，thatSaturdayafternoon，FriedrichtakesviewoftheRussianCamp。Alllyingbrightenoughthere；
fromMuhlbergtoJudenberg，convenienttoourglass；betweenusandtheeveningSun。Batteriesmostabundant，difficultiesgreat:
Soltikofjustaheadhere，72，000:LoudonattheRedGrangeyonder，ontheirextremeleft，with18，000more。Anuncommonlystrongpositionfor90，000against50，000。OnethingstrikesFriedrich:
Onfrontinthisnorthernside，closebythebaseoftheRussianCamp，runs——forthepresentawayFROMOder，butintendingtojoinitelsewhere——apaltrylittleBrook，"Hen—Floss"socalled，withatleasttwosuccessiveMillsonit（KLEINEMUHLE，GROSSEMUHLE）；
andonthenorthernshoreofit，spillingitselfoutintoawetwastecalledELSBRUCH（AlderWaste），whichisespeciallynotabletoFriedrich。ALDERWaste？Watery，scrubby；nopassagethere，thinksFriedrich；whichhisPeasantwiththewater—jugconfirms。"Tellme，however，"inquiresFriedrich，withstrictness，"FromtheRedGrangeyonder，whereGeneralLoudonis，ifyouwishedtogetovertotheHOHLEGRUND，ortotheJudenberg，wouldyoucrossthatHen—Floss？"
"Itisnotcrossable，yourMajesty；onehastogoroundquitewestwardbytheDam。""What，fromRotheVorwerktoBigHollow，nopassage，sayyou；nocrossing？""None，yourMajesty，"insiststhePeasant；——whoisnotawarethattheRussianshavemadeoneoffirmtrestlesandlogs，anduseitdailyforhighwaythere；anerrorofsomeinteresttoFriedrichwithinthenexttwenty—fourhours！
Friedrichhimselfdoesnotknowthisbitofground:butthereiswithhim，besidesthePeasant，aMajorLinden，whoseRegimentusedtolieinFrankfurt，ofwhomFriedrichmakesminutequestioning。
Lindenanswersconfidently；hasbeenoverallthistractahundredtimes；"butknowsitonlyasahunter，"saysTempelhof，[Tempelhof，iii。186。]"notasasoldier，"whichheoughttohavedone。
HisanswersaresupposedtohavemisledFriedrichonvariouspoints，anddonehimessentialdamage。Friedrich’sviewofthecase，thatevening，isbynomeanssodespondentasmightbeimagined:heregardsthethingasdifficult，notasimpossible，——
andoneofhisanxietiesis，thathebenotbalkedoftryingitstraightway。RetiringtohishutinBischofsee，hemakestwoDispositions，ofadmirableclearness，brevity，andcalculatedfortwocontingencies:[GiveninTempelhof，iii。182，183。]Thatoftheenemyretaininghisnowposture；andThatoftheenemymakingoffforReppen；——whichlatterdoesnotatallconcernus，asmattersturned！Oftheformerthecoursewillunfolditselftous，inpractice，shortly。At2A。M。Friedrichwillbeonfootagain，at3
onmarchagain。——Thelastphenomenon，atBischofseethisnight，issomesuddenglareofdisastrouslightrisingoverthewoods:——
"RussiansburningKunersdorf！"asneighborsaresorrytohear。
ThatisthefinaleofmuchRussianrearrangingandtumbling，thisday；thatbarbarousburningofKunersdorf，beforegoingtobed。
To—morrowvariousotherpoorVillagesgotburntbythem，whichtheyhadbetterhaveleftstanding。
TheRussians，onhearingthatFriedrichwasacrossatGoritz，andcomingonthemfromthenorthside，notfromFrankfurtbytheReppenHighway，wereingreatagitation。Notthrownintoterror，butintomanifoldhaste，knowingwhathastyadversarytherewas。
Endlessreadjustmentstheyhavetomake；adayoftumultuousbusinesswiththeRussians，thisSaturday，llth，whenthenewsreachedthem。"Theyinvertedtheirfront[sayalltheBooksbutFriedrich’sown]:NotcomingbytheReppenHighway，then！"thinkthey。Andthereuponchangedreartofront，asatZorndorf，butmoreelaborately；——whichIshouldnotmention，wereitnotthatherebytheirlate"rightwingontheMuhlberg"has，instrictspeech，becometheir"left，"andthereisambiguityanddiscrepancyinsomeoftheBooks，shouldanypoorreadertaketostudyingthemonthismatter。Changedtheirfront；whichinvolvesmuchinteriorchanging；
readjustingofbatteriesandthelike。ThatofburningKunersdorfwasthebarbaricwindingupofallthis:barbaric，and，inthemilitarysense，absurd；poorKunersdorfcouldhavebeenburntatanymoment，ifneedful；andtotheRussiansthekeepingofitstandingwastheprofitablething，asanimpedimenttoFriedrichinhisadvancethere。Theyhavelaiditflatandpermeable；ashesallofit，——excepttheChurchonly，whichisofstone；notsocombustible，andmayhaveuseswithal。Hasperhapsservedastemporarylock—up，prisonforthenight，tosomeofthoseFrankfurtDeputationsandtheirtroublesomewailings；andmayserveastemporaryhospitalto—morrow，whoknows？
ReadjustmentsintheRussianCampweremanifold:buttheseareasnothing，inthetumultuousbusinessoftheday。Cartingoftheirbaggage，everyarticleofvalue，tothatsafeWagenburgintheRiver；drivingofcattle，——theverydrivingofcattlethroughFrankfurt，endlessherdsofthem，gatheredbytheCossacksfromfarandwide，"lastedforfour—and—twentyhours。"OxeninFrankfurtthatdaywereattherateoftenshillingsperhead。Oftenenoughyouwereofferedafull—grownyoungsteerforaloafofbread；
naytheCossacks，whentherewasabsolutelynobidder，wouldslaughterdowntheanimal，leaveitscarcassinthestreets，andsellthehideforaTYMPF，——fivepence（verybadsilveratpresent）。