Itsmarchingsandsiegings，amongthoseNorthwesternplaces，notoneofthemcapableofstandingaboveafewdays’siege，areworthnomention，excepttoParishHistory:enoughthat，bylittleafterthemiddleofAugust，Zweibruckhadgotalltheseplaces，"Free—
withdrawal"thetermsforall；andthat，exceptitbethefollowingfeatureintheirSiegeofTorgau，featuremainlyBiographic，andbelongingtoacertainColonelWolfersdorfconcerned，thereisnotoneofthoseSiegesnowworthamoment’sattentionfromalmostanymortal。ThisistheTorgaufeature，——featureofhumannature，soldieringunderdifficulties:——
COLONELVONWOLFERSDORFBEAUTIFULLYDEFENDSHIMSELFINTORGAU
（August9th—14th）。TwodaysafterLeipzigwashad，thereappearedatTorgauaBodyofPandours，2，000andmore；whoattemptedsomekindofscaladeonTorgauanditssmallGarrison（of700orso），——
whereareaMagazine，aHospitalandotherproperties:notcapable，byanygarrison，ofstandingregularsiege；butimportanttodefendtillyouhavepropertermsoffered。ThemultitudinousPandours，ifIremember，madearushintotheSuburbs，intheirusualvociferousway；butweremetbythe700silentPrussians，——silentexceptthroughtheirfire—armsandfield—pieces，——insoeloquentastyleassoonconvincedthePandourmind，andsentittravellingagain。
Andintheeveningofthesameday（August9th），ColonelWolfersdorfarrives，asnewCommandant，andwithreinforcements，smallthoughconsiderableinthecircumstances。
Wolfersdorf，onedimlygathers，hadmarchedfromWittenbergonthiserrand；thewholeforceinTorgauisnowofabout3，000，stillwithonlyfield—cannon，butwithaCaptainoverthem；——who，asisevident，setshimselfinaveryearnestmannertodohisutmostindefenceoftheplace。NextmorningReichsGeneralKleefeld（"Cloverfield"），with6or8，000PandourandRegular，summonsWolfersdorf:"Surrenderinstantly；or——！""Wewillexpectyou！"
answersWolfersdorf。Whereupon，samemorning（August10th），generalstorm；stormNo。1:beautifullyhandledbyWolfersdorf；whotakesitinrear（toitsastonishment），aswellasinfront；andsendsitoffinhaste。Onthemorrow，Saturday，asecondfollowed；andonSundayathird；bothlikewisebeautifullyhandled。Thisthirdstorm，readerssee，was"Sunday，August12th:"averybusystormfuldayatTorgauhere，——andalso，forsomeothersofus，duringtheheatsofKunersdorf，overthehorizonfaraway！Wolfersdorftumblesbackallstorms；furthermoremakesmischievoussallies:
adestructive，skilledperson；altogetherprompt，fertileinexpedients；andevidentlyisnottobemanagedbyKleefeld。SothatPrincevonStolberg，SecondtosupremeZweibruckhimself，hastotakeitinhand。And，MONDAY，13th，atbreakofday，Stolbergarriveswithatrainofbatteringgunsand6，000newpeople；summonsWolfersdorf:"No，"asbefore。Stormshim，afourthtime；likewise"No，"asbefore:
attacks，thereupon，hisElbeBridge，andhisRedoubtacrosstheRiver；findsaWolfersdorfpartyrushdestructive]yintohisrearthere。Andhastowithdraw，andtrybatteringfrombehindtheElbeDam。Continuesthis，violentlyforabouttwohours；tillagainWolfersdorf，whosepoorfieldpieces，theonlyartilleryhehas，"cannotreachsofarwithleadenballs"（theironballsaredone，andthepowderitselfisalmostdone），manages，byaflankattack，toquenchthisalso。Whichproducesentiresilence，andconsiderableprivatereflection，onthepartofindignantStolberg。
Stolbergoffershimthefavorablesttermsdevisable:"Withdrawfreely，withallyourhonors，allyourproperties；onlywithdraw！"
WhichWolfersdorf，hispowderandballbeinginsuchastateofebb，andnoreliefpossible，agreesto；withstipulationsverystrictastoeveryparticular。[InAnonymousofHamburg（iii。350）theCapitulation，"August14th。"givenINEXTENSO。]
COLONELVONWOLFERSDORFWITHDRAWS，ALSOBEAUTIFULLY（August15th）。
Accordingly，Wednesday，August15th，ateightinthemorning，WolfersdorfbytheElbeGatemovesout；acrossElbeBridge，andtheRedoubtwhichisonthefarthershoreyonder。NearthisRedoubt，StolbergandmanyofhisGeneralOfficersarewaitingtoseehimgo。Hegoesinstate；flagsflying，musicplaying。BattalionHessen—Cassel，followedbyallourPackages，Hospitalconvalescents，King’sArtillery，andwhateveristheKing’sorours，marchesfirst。Nextcomes，asrear—guardtoallthis，BattalionGrollmann；——alongwithwhichisWolfersdorfhimself，knowingGrollmannforaticklisharticle（Saxonsmainly）；
followedontheheelbyBattalionHofmann，andlastlybyBattalionSalmuth，trustyPrussiansbothofthese。
BattalionHessen—CasselandtheBaggagesarethroughtheRedoubt，PrinceofStolberghandsomelysalutingassaluted。Butnow，onBattalionGrollmann’scomingup，Stolberg’sAdjutantcriesoutwithaloudvoiceofproclamation，manyOfficersrepeatingandenforcing:"WhoeverisabraveSaxon，whoeveristruetohisKaiser，orwasoftheReichsArmy，lethimstepout:
Durchlauchtwillgivehimprotection！"AtsoundofwhichGrollmannquiversasifstruckbyelectricity；andinstantlybeginsdissolving；——dissolves，ineffect，nearlyall，andisintheactofvanishinglikeadream！Wolfersdorfisapromptman；andneedstobeso。Wolfersdorf，inOlympianrage，instantlystopsshort；
drawspistol:"Iwillshootdeadeverymanthatquitsrank！"
vociferateshe；anddoes，withhispistol，makeinstantexampleofone；invitingeverytruePrussiantodothelike:"Jagers，Hussars，aducatforeverytraitoryoushootdown！"continuesWolfersdorf（andpunctuallypaiditafterwards）:unabletopreventanalmosttotaldissolutionofGrollmann。Forsomeminutes，thereisasceneindescribable:stormofvociferation，menace，musket—shot，pistol—
shot；Grollmanndisappearingoneveryside，——"behindtheRedoubt，undertheBridge，intoElbeBoats，underthecloaksoftheCroats；"
——inspiteofWolfersdorf’sOlympianragesandefforts。
Atsightoftheshooting，PrinceStolberg，ahotman，hadsaidindignantly，"Herr，thatwillbedangerousforyou（DASWIRDNICHT
GUTGEHN）！"Wolfersdorfnotregardinghimawhit；regardingonlyGrollmann，andhisownhotbusinessofcoercingitataducatperhead。Grollmanngone，andBattalionHofmanninduesequencecomeup，Wolfersdorf——whohassentanAdjutant，withorder，"Hessen—
Cassel，HALT"——givesBattalionHofmannthesethreewordsofcommand:"WholeBattalion，halt！——Front！——Makeready！"（withduesimultaneousclickofeveryfirelock，onutteranceofthatlast）；——
andturningtoPrinceStolberg，withabrow，withatoneofvoice:
"Durchlaucht，Article9oftheCapitulationisexpressonthispoint；’ALLDESERTIONSTRICTLYPROHIBITED；NODESERTERTOBE
RECEIVEDEITHERONTHEIMPERIALORONTHEPRUSSIANSIDE！’
[Durchlauchtsilentlygives，wesuppose，somefaintsniff。]
SinceyourDurchlauchtdoesnotkeeptheCapitulation，neitherwillIregarditfarther。IwillnowtakeyouandyourSuiteprisoners，returnintotheTown，andagainbegindefendingmyself。BesogoodasridedirectlyintothatRedoubt，orIwillpresent，andgivefire！"
AdangerousmomentfortheDurchlauchtofStolberg；
BattalionSalmuthactuallytakingpossessionofthewallagain；
Hofmannherewithitspoisedfirelockonthecock，"ready"forthatfourthword，asaboveindicated。AGeneralLusinskyofStolberg’strain，masterofthoseCroats，andanAustrianoffigure，remarksveryseriously:"EverypointoftheCapitulationmustbekept！"
UponwhichDurchlauchthastorenounceandrepent；eagerlyassistsinrecoveringGrollmann，restoresit（littletheworse，littletheFEWER）；willgiveWolfersdorf"COMMANDoftheAustrianEscortyouaretohave"，andeverysatisfactionandassurance；——wishfulonlytogetridofWolfersdorf。WhothereuponmarchestoWittenberg，withcolorsflyingagain，andanamementionableeversince。
[Templehof，iii。201—204；Seyfarth，ii。562n。，and
Beylagen，ii。587；Militair—Lexikon，iv。283。]
ThisWolfersdorfwashimselfaPirnaSaxon；servingPolishMajesty，asMajor，inthatPirnatime；perhapsnoadmirerof"FeldmarschallBruhl"andCompany？——atanyrate，hetookPrussianservice，asthenofferedhim；andthisishisstyleofkeepingit。Adecidedlycleversoldier，andcomesout，henceforth，moreandmoreassuch，——
unhappilynotforlong。WastakenatMaxen，hetoo，aswillbeseen。Rose，inaftertimes，tobeLieutenant—General，andamanfamousinthePrussianmilitarycircles；butgivenalways，theysay，totakethestraightline（orshortestdistancebetweenselfandobject），inregardtomilitarymatters，torecruitingandthelike，andthusgettinghimselfintotroublewiththeCivilOfficials。
Wolfersdorf，atWittenbergorfartheron，hadaflatteringwordfromtheKing；applaudinghiseffectiveproceduresatTorgau；
andorderinghim，shouldWittenbergfall（asitdid，August23d），tojoinWunsch，whoiscomingwithasmallPartytotryandhelpinthosedestitutelocalities。WunschtheKinghaddetached（21stAugust），asweheardalready。FincktheKingfinds，farther，thathecandetach（fromWaldauCountry，September7th）；[Tempelhof，iii。211，237。]Russiansbeingsolanguid，andSaxonyfallenintosuchaperilouspredicament。
"FewdaysafterKunersdorf，"saysaNote，whichshouldbeinsertedhere，"therehadfallenoutasmallNavalmatter，whichwillbeconsolatorytoFriedrich，andgototheothersideoftheaccount，whenhehearsofit:KunersdorfwasSunday，August12th；thiswasSaturdayandSundayfollowing。BesidestheirGrandBrestFleet，withnewFlat—bottoms，andworld—famousland—preparationsgoingonatVannes，forInvasionofproudAlbion，allwhichareatpresentunderHawke’sstrictkeeping，theFrenchhave，eversinceSpringlast，afinesubsidiaryFleetatToulon，ofveryexultanthopesatonetime；whichnowcometofinis。
"SEA—FIGHT（PROPERLYSEA—HUNTOF200MILES），INTHECADIZWATERS，AUGUST18th—19th。ThefineToulonFleet，whichexpectedatonetime，Pitt’sshipsbeingsoscatteredovertheworld，tobe’mistressoftheMediterranean，’hasfounditself，onthecontrary（suchwerePitt’sresourcesandpromptitudes）；coopedinharborallSummer；Boscawenwatchingitintheusualstrictway。Noegresspossible；till，inthesultryweather（8thJuly—4thAugust），Boscawen’sneedoffreshprovisions，freshwaterandofmakingsomerepairs，tookhimtoGibraltar，andgavetheToulonFleetatransientopportunity，whichitmadeuseof。
"August17th，at8intheevening，Boscawen，atGibraltar（someofhisshipsstillindeshabilleorunderrepair），washastilyapprisedbyoneofhisFrigates，ThattheToulonFleethadsailed；
beenseenvisiblyatCeutaPointsomanyhoursago。’Meaning，’asBoscawenguesses，’tobethroughtheStraitsthisverynight！’
Bypowerofdespatch，thedeshabilleshipswererapidlygotbuttonedtogether（inabouttwohours）；andby10P。M。allwereundersail。Andsoonwereinhotchase；thegame，beingnowinview，——goingatitsutmostthroughtheStraits，asanticipated。
At7nextmorning（Saturday，August18th）BoscawengotclutchoftheToulonFleet；stillwelleastofCadiz，somewhereintheTrafalgarwaters，Ishouldguess。HereBoscawenfoughtandchasedtheToulonFleetfor24hourscoming；droveitfinallyashore，atLagosonthecoastofPortugal，withfiveofitsbigshipsburntortaken，itscrewsandothershipsflyingbylandandwater，itspoorAdmiralmortallywounded；andtheToulonFleetaruinedarticle。
Thewindhadbeencapricious，herefresh，therecalm；nowfavoringthehunters，nowthehunted；bothFleetshaddroppedintwo。DelaClue，theFrenchAdmiral，complainedbitterlyhowhisCaptainslagged，orshoreoffandforsookhim。Boscawenhimself，whoforhisownsharehadgoneatiteagle—like，washeardgrumbling，aboutwantofspeedinsomepeople；andsaid:’Itiswell；butitmighthavebeenbetter！’[Beatson，ii。313—319；ib。iii。237—238，DelaClue，theFrenchAdmiral’sDespatch；——Boscawen’sDespatch，&c。，inGentleman’sMagazine，xxix。434。]
"DelaClue——fallenlongagofromallnotionsof’dominatingtheMediterranean’——hadmodestlyintendedtogetthrough，onanyterms，intotheOcean；mightthen，ifpossible，havejoinedtheGrand’InvasionSquadron，’nowlyingatBrest，tillVannesandthefurnishingsareready，orhavetriedtobetroublesomeintherearofHawke，whoisblockadingallthat。Amodestoutlookincomparison；——andthisiswhatitalsohascometo。AsfortheGrandInvasionSquadron，AdmiralConflans，commandingit，stillholdsnphisheadinBrestHarbor，andtalksbig。MakeslittleofRodney’shavocontheFlat—bottomsatHavre，’WillsoonhaveFlat—bottomsagain:andyoushallsee！’——ifonlyHawke，andwindandweatherandFortune，willpermit。"
AUSTRIANREICHSARMYDOESITSCROWNINGFEAT
（August26th—September4th）:DIARYOFWHATIS
CALLEDTHE"SIEGE"OFDRESDEN。
Sincethefirstweeksof，AugusttherehavebeenAustriandetachments，Wehla’sCorps，Brentano’sCorps，enteringSaxonyfromthenortheastorDaun—wardside，andpostingthemselvesinthestrongpointslookingtowardsDresden；waitingtheretilltheReichsArmyshouldcaptureitsLeipzigs，Torgaus，Wittenbergs，androllforwardfromnorthwest。ToallwhichitiseasytofancywhatanimpetuswasgivenbyKunersdorfandAugust12th；thebusiness，afterthat，goingondouble—quick，andpointingtoimmediatepracticalindustryonDresden。TheReichsArmyhastenstosettleitsnorthwesternTowns，putsduegarrisonineach，leavesa10or12，000movableforgeneralprotection，inthoseparts；and，August23d，marchesforDresden。Thereareonlysome15，000leftofitnow；almosthalftheReichsArmydrunkupinthatmanner；werenotDaunnowspeedingforthhisMaguirewithafresh12，000；whoistocommandtheWehlasandBrentanosaswell。And，ineffect，tobeAustrianChief，andasregardspracticalmatters，ManagerofthisimportantEnterprise，——all—importanttoDaunjustnow。SchmettauinDresdenseesclearlywhatmischiefisathand。
ToDaunthisSiegeofDresdenisthealphatowhateveromegastheremaybe:heandhisSoltikofaretositwaitingthis；andcanattemptnothingbuteatingofprovender，tillthisbeachieved。
AstheSiegewasreallyimportant，thoughnotquitethealphatoallomegas，andhasinitcuriouspointsaudphysiognomictraits，wewillinvitereaderstosometransientinspectionofit，——theratherasthereexistamplecontemporaryNarratives，DIARIUMSandauthenticrecords，torenderthatpossibleandeasy。[InTEMPELHOF
（iii。210—216—222）completeandcarefulNarrative；inANONYMOUSOF
HAMBURG（iii。371—377）express"DAY—BOOK"bysomeEye—witnessinDresden。]’
"EversincetherumorofKunersdorf，"saysoneDiarium，compiledoutofmany，"inthelasttwoweeksofAugust，Schmettau’sneedofvigilanceanddiligencehasbeenontheincrease，hisoutlooksbecominggrimmerandgrimmer。HehasapoorishGarrisonfornumber（3，700inall[Schmettau’sLEBEN（byhisSon），p。408。]），andnotofthebestquality；desertersagoodfewofthem:willingenoughforstrokes；fightingfellowsall，andofadventurousturn，butuncertainastoloyaltyinacaseofpinch。Hehasendlessstoresintheplace；foroneitem，almostamillionsterlingofreadymoney。PoorSchmettau，ifheknewit，hassuddenlybecometheLeonidasofthiscampaign，DresdenitsThermopylae；and"——Butreaderscanconceivethesituation。
"AUGUST20th，SchmettauquitstheNeustadt，ornorthernpartofDresden，whichliesbeyondtheRiver:unimportantthat，andindefensiblewithgarrisonnotadequate；SchmettauwillstrengthentheRiver—bank，blowuptheStoneBridgeifnecessary，andrestricthimselftoDresdenProper。TheCourtishere；SchmettaudoesnothopethattheCourtcanavertaSiegefromhim；buthefailsnottotry，inthatwaytoo，andmayatleastgaintime。
"AUGUST25th，HehasaMineputunderthemainarchoftheBridge:
’mineill—made，uncertainofeffect，’reportstheOfficerwhomhesenttoinspectit。Butitwasnevertried，themererumorofitkeptoffattacksonthatside。Sameday，August25th，SchmettaureceivesthatunfortunateRoyalMissive[Tempelhof，iii。208；
Schmettau’sLEBEN（p。421）has"August27th。"]writteninthedarkdaysofReitwein，morrowofKunersdorf（14thor13thAugust），"
whichwereadabove。"ThatthereisanotherLetterontheroadforhim，indicating’Reliefshallbetried，’isunknowntoSchmettau，andfatallycontinuesunknown。WhileSchmettauisreadingthis（August25th），GeneralWunschhasbeenontheroadfourdays:
WunschandWolfersdorfwithabout8，000，attheirquickestpace，andinafinewingedframeofmindwithal，arespeedingon:
willcrossElbeatMeissento—morrownight，——didSchmettauonlyknow。Peoplesayhedid，inthewayofrumor，understandthatKunersdorfhadnotbeenthefatalthingitwasthought；andthateffortswouldbemadebyaKinglikehis。Inhisplaceonemighthave，atleast，shotoutaspyortwo？Buthedidnot，thenorafterwards。
"Already，eversincethearrivalofWehlaandBrentanointhoseparts，hehasbeenlaboringundermanyuncertainties；toomanyforaLeonidas！HangingbetweenYesandNo，evenaboutthatofquittingtheNeustadt，forexample:carryingoverportionsofhisgoods，butneverheartilythewhole；unabletoresolve；nowliftingvisiblytheBridgepavement，thenagainvisiblyrestoringit；——and，I
think，thoughthecontraryisasserted，hehadatlasttoleaveintheNeustadtagreatdealofstores，horse—provenderandother，notneedfultohimatpresent，orimpossibletocarry，whendubietygotended。HehasputamineundertheBridge；butknowsitwillnotgooff。
"Schmettauhasbeeninmanywars，butthisisacasethattrieshissoldierqualitiesasnoneotherhaseverdone。Acaseofendlessintricacy，——ifhebequiteequaltoit；whichperhapshewasnotaltogether。NobodyeverdoubtedSchmettau’shighqualitiesasamanandcaptain；butherearerequisitetheveryhighest，andtheseSchmettauhasnot。Theresultwasverytragical；Isuppose，apaintoFriedrichallhislifeafter；andcertainlytoSchmettauallhis。ThisisSaturdaynight，25thAugust:beforeTuesdayweek（September4th）therewillhavesadthingsarrived，irremediabletoSchmettau。HadSchmettaudecidedtodefendhimself，Dresdenhadnotbeentaken。WhatapitySchmettauhadnotbeensparedthisMissive，calculatedtoproducemeredoubt！Whetherhecouldnot，andshouldnot，afteratendaysofinquiryandnewdiscernment，havebeenabletoreadtheKing’struemeaning，aswellastheKing’smomentaryhumor，inthisfatalDocument，thereisnodeciding。
Sureenough，hedidnotreadtheKing’struemeaninginit，butonlytheKing’smomentaryhumor；didnotfranklysetaboutdefendinghimselftothedeath，——or’seeing’inthatway’whetherhecouldnotdefendhimself，’——withagoodcapitulationlyingintherear，afterhehad。
"SUNDAY，AUGUST26th，Trumpetatthegates。MessengerfromZweibruckisintroducedblindfold；bringsformalSummonstoSchmettau。Summonsdulytruculent:’Resistancevain；themoreyouresist，theworseitwillbe，——andthereisaworst[thatofbeingdeliveredtotheCroats，andmassacredeveryman]，ofwhichwhyshouldIspeak？EspeciallyifinanythingyoufailofyourdutytotheKur—Prinz[ElectoralPrinceandHeir—Apparent，poorcrook—
backedyoungGentleman，whohasanexcellentsprightlyWife，afriendofFriedrich’sanddaughterofthelateKaiserKarlVII。，whomweusedsobeautifully]，imaginewhatyourfatewillbe！’——TowhichSchmettauanswers:’CanDurchlauchtthinkusignorantofthecommonrulesofbehaviortoPersonsofthatRank？Fortherest，Durchlauchtknowswhatourdutieshereare，andwoulddespiseusifwedidNOTdothem；’——and，inshort，ouransweragainis，inpoliteforms，’Pooh，pooh；youmaygoyourway！’UponwhichtheMessengerisblindfoldedagain；andSchmettausetshimselfinhotearnesttoclearingouthisgoodsfromtheNeustadt；buildingwithhugeintertwistedcross—beamsandstoneandearth—massesaBatteryathisownendoftheBridge，batteriesoneachsideofit，belowandabove；——lockstheGates；andispassionatelybusyallSunday，——
thoughdivineservicegoesonasusual。
"HardlywerethePrussiangunsgotaway，whenCroatpeopleinquantitycamein，andbeganbuildingaBatteryattheirendoftheBridge，themaindefence—workbeingoldPrussianmeal—barrels，handilyfilledwithearth。’Ifyoufireonecannon—ballacrossonus，’saidSchmettau，’IwillbombardtheNeustadtintoflameinfewminutes[IhaveonlytoaimatourHayMagazineyonder]:bewarned！
’Nordidtheyoncefirefromthatside；ElectoralHighnesswithalandRoyalPalacebeingquitecontiguousbehindthePrussianBridge—
Battery。ElectoralHighnessandHouseholdarepolitelytreated，makepoliteanswertoeverything；intendgoingdownintothe’APOTHEKE’（Kitchensuite），orvaultedpartofthePalace，andwilllodgetherewhenthecannonadebegins。
"ThissameSUNDAY，AUGUST26th，Maguirearrived；andsetinstantlytobuildinghisbridgeatPillnitz，alittlewayaboveDresden:
atUebigau，alittlebelowDresden，theReichsfolkhaveanother。
Reichsfolk，Zweibruckinperson，comeallinonWednesday；
postthemselvesthere，tonorthandwestoftheCity。Whatismoreimportant，thesiege—guns，asuperbstock，aresteadilyfloating，throughthePirnaregions，hitherward；gettohandonFridaynext，thefifthdayhence。[Tempelhof，p。210。]Korbitz（half—wayouttoKesselsdorf）isDurchlaucht’shead—quarter:——ChiefGeneralisDurchlaucht，conspicuouslyhe，atleastintheory，andshallhavealltheglory；thoughMaguire，glancingonthesecannon，wereitnothingmore，hasprobablyagooddealtosay。Maguiretoo，I
observe，takespostonthatnorthorKesselsdorfside；
contiguousfortheHeadGeneral。WehlaandBrentanopostthemselvesonthesouthorup—streamside；itistheythathandinthesiege—
guns:batteriesarealreadyeverywheremarkedout，13cannon—
batteriesand5howitzer。Inshort，fromthemorrowofthattruculentSummons，MondaymorningtoThursday，thereishotstirofmultifariouspreparationonSchmettau’spart；andcontinualpouringinofthehostileforce，whoarealsopreparingattheutmost。
Thursday，theSiege，ifitcanbecalledaSiege，begins。
Gradually，andasfollows:——
"THURSDAYMORNING（August30th），Schmettau，whois，nightandday，’palisadingtheRiver，’andmuchelse，——discloses（thatis，BreakofDaydisclosesonhispart）totheDresdenpublicahugeGallows，black，huge，ofimpressiveaspect；labelled’ForPlunderers，MutineersandtheirHelpers。’[ANONYMOUSOFHAMBURG，iii。373。]
TheAustrianheavygunsarenotyetinbattery；butmultitudesoflooseCroatpeoplegoswarmingabouteverywhere，andthereisplentifulfiringfromsuchartilleriesastheyhave。ThissameThursdaymorning，twoorthreebattalionsofthemrushintothePirnaSuburb；attackthePrussianGuard—partiesthere。
SchmettauinstantlydespatchesCaptainKollasandaTrumpet:——
’Durchlaucht，havethegoodnesstorecalltheseCroatParties；
otherwisetheSuburbgoesintoflame！AnddirectlyonarrivalofthisMessenger，mayitpleaseDurchlaucht。Forwehavecomputedthetime；andwillnotwaitbeyondwhatisreasonableforhisreturn！’
Zweibruckismereindignationandastonishment；’willburnHalle，’
burnQuedlinburg，Berlinitself，andutterlyruintheKingofPrussia’sDominioningeneral:——therejoindertowhichis，burningofPirnaSuburb，aspredicted；seventyhousesofit，thisevening，atsixo’clock。
"Onwardfromwhichtimethereisonbothsides，especiallyonSchmettau’s，diligentartillerypractice；cannonadekeptupwhereverSchmettaucanseetheenemybusy；enemyrespondingwithwhatartilleryhehas:——notmuchdamagedone，Ishouldthink，thoughagreatdealofnoise；andforoneday（Saturday，September1st），ourDiaristnotes，’Notsafetowalkthestreetsthisday。’
But，ineffect，theSiege，astheycallit，——whichfelldeadonthefifthday，andwasneverwellalive——consistsmainlyofmenaceandcounter—menace，inthewayofbargain—makingandnegotiation；——and，sofarasIcangather，thatsuperbParkofAustrianArtillery，thoughbuiltintobatteries，andtalkedaboutinabullyingmanner，wasnotfiredfromatall。
"Schmettauaffectstowardstheenemy（andtowardshimself，Idaresay）anairofironfirmness；butinternallyhasnosuchfeeling，——
’CallsaCouncilofWar，’andthelike。CouncilofWar，onsightofthatKing’sMissive，confirmshimwithonevoice:’Surely，surely，Excellenz；nodefencepossible！’Whichisaprophecyandafulfilment，bothinone。WhySchmettaudidnotshootforthaspyortwo，toascertainforhimWhat，orwhetherNothingwhatever，waspassingoutsideDresden？Ineverunderstand！BeyondhisownWalls，theworldisavacancyandblanktoSchmettau，andheseemscontentitshouldbeso。
"SUNDAY，SEPTEMBER2d。ThoughSchmettau’scannonadewasveryloud，andhadbeensoallnight，divineservicewasheldasusual，streetssafeagain，——Austrians，Isuppose，notfiringwithcannon。
About4P。M。，afteragreatdealofpowderspent，GeneralMaguire，steppingoutonElbeBridge，blowsorbeatsAppeal，threetimes；
’wishesamoment’sconversationwithhisExcellency。’Grantedatonce；witnessesattendingonbothsides。’Defenceisimpossible；
inthenameofhumanity，consider！’urgesMaguire。’Defencetothelastmanofusiscertain，’answersSchmettau，fromtheteethoutwards；——but，intheend，engagestoputonpaper，incasehe，byextremityofill—luck，haveatanytimetoacoeptterms，whathistermswillinflexiblybe。Uponwhichthereis’ArmisticetillTo—morrow:’andMaguire，Idoubtnot，reportsjoyfullyonthisfeelingoftheenemy’spulse。ZweibruckandMaguireareverywellawareofwhatispassingintheseneighborhoods（GeneralWunschbackatWittenbergbyforcedmarches；blewitopeninanhour）；
andaregrowinghighlyanxiousthatDresdenonanytermsweretheirs。
"MONDAY，SEPTEMBER3d，Thedeath—dayoftheSiege；anuncommonlybusyday，——thoughArmisticelastedperfecttill3P。M。，andsooncamebackmoreperfectthanever。ASiegenotkilledbycannon，butbymedicalindustry。Letusnotewithbrevitythesuccessivesymptomsandappliances。AboutseveninthemorningMaguirehadhisMessengerinDresden，’YourExcellency’sPaperready？’
’Nearlyready，’answersSchmettau；’wewillsenditbyaMessengerofourown。’AndaboutelevenofthedayMaguiredoesgetit；——thesameCaptainKollas（whosenamewerecollect）handingitin；
andstatue—likewaitingAnswer。’Pshaw，thiswillneverdo，’
ejaculatesMaguire；’termsirrationallyhigh！’CaptainKollas’knowsnothingofwhatisINthePaper；andischargedonlytobringaWrittenAnswerfromExcellenz。’Excellenz，beforewriting，’willhavetoconsultwithDurchlaucht；’can，however，asifconfidentiallyandfromfeelingsoffriendship，canassureyou，Sir，onmyhonor，ThattheGarrisonwillbedeliveredtotheCroats，andeverymanofitputtothesword。’TheGarrisonwillexpectthat（WIRDDASERWARTEN），’saidKollas，statue—like；
andwithdrew，withtheproperbow。[Tempelhof，iii。211。]
SomethinginterestingtousintheseMilitarydiplomaticpassages，withtheirsquare—elbowedfashions，andpolitenessstiffasiron！
"NottillthreeoftheafternoondoestheWrittenAnswerreachSchmettau:’SuchTermsnevercouldbeaccepted。’——’Good，’answersSchmettau:’Toourlastbreathnootherswillbeoffered。’
Andcommencescannonadingagain，notveryviolently，butwiththeorder，’Goon，then，nightandday！’
"About10atnight，GeneralGuasco，atruculentkindofman，whomI
havemetwithupanddown，butnotadmittedtomemory，beatsAppealontheBridge:’InformtheCommandantthattherewillnowstraightway13batteriesofcannon，and5dittoofhowitzersopenonhim，unlesshebethinkshimself！’WhichdreadfulmessageistakentoSchmettau。’Wishthegentlemangood—evening，’ordersSchmettau；’andsaywewillanswerwith100guns。’UponwhichGuascovanishes；——butreturnsinnotmanyminutes，milderintone；
requests’asightofthatWrittenPaperofTermsagain。’’Thereitstillis，’answersSchmettau，’notaltered，norevershallbe。’
AndthereisArmisticeagain:——andtheSiege，asturnsout，hasfireditslastshot；andispainfullyexpiringinparoxysmsofnegotiation，whichcontinueagoodmanyhours。Schmettaustrivestounderstandclearlythathisterms（oftheKing’sownsuggesting，asSchmettauflattershimself）areaccepted:nordoesDurchlauchttakeuponhimtorefuseinanypoint；butheisstrangelyslowtosign，stillhopingtomendmatters。
"Muchhitheringandthitheringtherewas，till4nextmorning（DurchlauchthasimportantnewsfromTorgau，atthatmoment）；
till11nextday；till4intheafternoonandlater，——Guascoandotherscomingwithmessageaftermessage，hastyandconciliatory:
（Durchlauchtatsuchadistance，hissignaturenotyetcome；butbepatient；allisright，uponmyhonor！’VerygreathurryevidentonthepartofGuascoandCompany；but，nothingsuspectedbySchmettau。Till，duskordarknessthreateningnowtosupervene，MaguireandSchmettauwithrespectivesuiteshaveaConferenceontheBridge，——’rainfallingveryheavy。’Durchlaucht’ssignature，Maguireisastonishedtosay，hasnotyetcome；hutMaguirepledgeshishonor’thatallshallbekeptwithoutchicane；’andadds’whattosomeofusseemednotsuperfluousafterwards），’Iamincapableofactingfalselyorwithchicane。’Infact，till9intheeveningtherewasnosignaturebyDurchlaucht；butabout6，onsuchpledgebyMaguireofhishandandhishonor，theSiegeentirelygaveuptheghost；andDresdenbelongedtoAustria。TuesdayEvening，4thSeptember，1759；Sunjustsetting，couldanybodyseehimfortherain。
"Schmettauhadbeenover—hasty；whatneedhadSchmettauofhaste？
Thetermshadnotyetgotsignature，perfectionofsettlementoneverypoint；norweretheyatallwellkept，whentheydid！
Considerableflurry，temporaryblindness，needlesshurry，andneglectofsymptomsandprecautions，mustbeimputedtopoorSchmettau；whosetroublesbeganfromthismoment，andwentonincreasing。TheAustriansarealreadybesettingElbeBridge，rootinguptheherring—bonebalks；andapproachingourBlock—
house，——soonerthanwasexpected。Butthatisnothing。OnopeningthePirnaGatetoshareitwiththeAustrians，Friedrich’sSpy（soonerhadnotbeenpossibletotheman）waswaiting；whohandedSchmettauthatSecondLetterofFriedrich’s，’Courage；thereisreliefontheroad！’PoorSchmettau！"
WhatCaptainKollasandthePrussianGarrisonthoughtofallthis，THEYwereperhapsshyofsaying，andweatsuchdistancearenotinformed，——exceptbyonesymptom:that，ofColonelHoffman，Schmettau’sSecond，whoseindignationdoesbecometragicallyevident。Hoffman，aruggedPrussianveteran，isindignantattheCapitulationitself；doublyandtreblyindignanttofindtheAustriansonElbeBridge，busyraisingourBalksandBattery:
"HowisthisSir？"inquiresheofCaptainSydow，whoisonguardatthePrussianend；"Howdaredyoumakethischange，withoutacquaintingtheSecondinCommand？Orderoutyourmen，andcomealongwithmetocleartheBridgeagain！"Sydowhesitates，haggles；
indignantHoffman，growingloudasthunder，pullsoutapistol，fatal—lookingtodisobedientSydow；whocallstohismen，orwhosemenspringoutuncalled；andshootHoffmandown，——sendtwoballsthroughhim，sothathediedat8thatnight。Withnoiseenough，thenandafterwards。Wasdrunk，saidSchmettau’speople。
Friedrichanswered，onreportofit:"IthinkasHoffmandid。Ifhewas’drunk，’itispitytheGovernorandalltheGarrisonhadnotbeenso，tohavecometothesamejudgment，ashe。"[P。S。inAutographofLettertoSchmettau，"Waldau，11thSeptember，1759"
（Preuss，ii。；Urkundenbuch，p。45）。]
Friedrich’sunbearablefeelings，ofgriefandindignation，inregardtoallthisDresdenmatter，——whicharenotexpressedexceptcoldlyinbusinessform，——canbefanciedbyallreaders。Oneofthemosttragicalbitsofill—luckthateverbefellhim。Averysorestroke，inhispresentcondition；asignallossandaffront。
Andmostofall，unbearabletothinkhownarrowlyithasmissedbeingasignaltriumph；——missedactuallybyasinglehair’s—
breadth，whichisasgoodasbyamile，orbyathousandmiles！
Soonafter9o’olockthatevening，Durchlauchtinpersoncamerollingthroughourbatteryandtheherring—bonebalks，tovisitElectoralHighness，——whichwasnotquitethelegaltimeeither，DurchlauchthadnotbeenhalfanhourwithElectoralHighness，whenabreathlessCouriercamein:"GeneralWunschwithintenmiles[tookTorgauinnotime，asDurchlauchtwellknows，foraweekpast]；andwillbeherebeforewesleep！"Durchlauchtplungedout，overtheherring—bonebalksagain（whichmanycarpentersarebusylifting）；andtheElectoralHighnesses，inlikemanner，hurryofftoToplitzthatsamenight，aboutanhourafter。WhataTuesdayNight！PoorHoffmanisdeadat8o’clock；theSaxonRoyalties，since11，aregallopingforPirna，forToplitz；DurchlauchtofZweibruckwesawhurryoffanhourbeforethem，——Capitulationsignaturenotyetdry，andtermsofitbeginningtobebroken；
andWunschreportedtobewithintenmiles！
TheWunschreportisperfectlycorrect。WunschisatGrossenhaynthisevening；allinafierymoodofswiftness，hispeopleandhe；
——andindeeditis，bychance，oneofWolfersdorf’simpetuositiesthathassentthenewssofast。WunschhadbeenasswiftwithTorgauashewaswithWittenberg:heblewoutthepoorReichsGarrisontherebyinstantstorm，andpackeditofftoLeipzig，underchargeof"anOfficerandTrumpet:"——hehad，greatlyagainsthiswill，toresttwodaysthereforafewindispensablecannonfromMagdeburg。Cannononcecome，Wunsch，burningfordeliveranceofDresden，hadagainstartedathisswiftest，"Monday，3dSeptember[deathdayoftheSiege]，veryearly。"
"Heisunder8，000；butheisdeterminedtodoit；——andwouldhavedoneit，thinkjudges，halfthinksZweibruckhimself:suchafireinthatWunschandhisCorpsasisverydangerousindeed。At4thismorning，Zweibruckheardofhisbeingonmarch:’numbersuncertain’
——（numbersseeminglynottheimportantpoint，——blowsanynumberofusaboutourbusiness！）——andsincethatmomentZweibruckhasdriventhecapitulationatsuchapace；thoughtheflurriedSchmettaususpectednothing。
"AfternoonofTUESDAY，4th，Wunsch，approachingGrossenhayn，haddetachedWolfersdorfwith100lighthorserightwardstoGrodel，aboatingVillageonElbeshore，ToseeknewsofDresden；alsotoseeifboatsareprocurableforcarryingourartilleryupthither。
AtGrodel，Wolfersdorffindsnoboatsthatwillavail:butcertainboat—people，newfromDresden，reportthatnocapitulationhadbeenpublishedwhentheyleft，butthatitwasunderstoodtobegoingon。NewspurtoWolfersdorfandWunsch。WolfersdorfhearsfartherinthisVillage，ThattherearesomethirtyAustrianhorseinGrossenhayn:——’PossiblethesemayescapeGeneralWunsch！’thinksWolfersdorf；anddecidestohavethem。Takesthirtymenofhisown；
orderstheotherseventytoholdrightward，gatherwhatintelligenceisgoing，andfollowmoreleisurely；andbreaksofffortheGrossenhayn—DresdenHighway，tointerceptthosefellows。
"Gettingtothehighway，Wolfersdorfdoesseethefellows；
seesalso，——withwhatdegreeofhorrorIdonotknow，——thatthereareatleast100ofthemagainsthis30！HorrorwilldonothingforWolfersdorf，norarehisother70nowwithinreach。Puttingaboldfaceonthematter，hecommands，Stentor—like，asifitwereallafact:’Grenadiers，march；Dragoons，torightforwards，WHEEL；
Hussars，FORWARD:MARCH！’——anddoesterrificallydashforwardwiththethirtyHussars，orlastitemoftheinvoice；leavingtheotherstofollow。TheAustriansdrawbridlewithamazement；fireofftheircarbines；taketotheirheels，anddonotstopformore。
Wolfersdorfcaptures68ofthem，forbehoofofGrossenhayn；
andsendstheremaining32gallopinghome。[Tempelhof，iii。214。]
WhobringtheabovenewstoDurchlauchtofZweibruck:’12，000ofthem，mayitpleaseyourDurchlaucht；suchtheaccountswehad！’——
FancypoorSchmettau’sfeelings！
"OnthemorrowDresdenwasrousedfromitssleepbyloudfiringandbattle，audibleonthenorthsideoftheRiver:’beforedaybreak，andallday。’ItisWunschimpetuouslybusyinthewoodycountriesthere。DurchlauchthadshotoutGeneralsandDivisions，Brentano，Wehla，thisGeneralandthenthat，tointerceptWunsch:thesethefieryWunsch——almostasiftheyhadbeencombustiblematerialcomingtoquenchfire——repelsanddashesback，inawonderfulmanner，GeneralafterGeneralofthem。Andislordofthefieldallday:——butcannotheartheleastwordfromDresden；whichisasurprisingcircumstance。
"IntheafternoonWunschsummonsMaguireintheNeustadt:
’Willansweryouintwohours，’saidMaguire。WunschthereuponisforattackingtheirtwoPontoonElbe—Bridges；stillresoluteforDresden，——andordersWolfersdorfononeofthem，theUebigauBridge，whofindstheenemyliftingitatanyrate，andmakesthemdoitfaster。Butnightisnowsinking；fromSchmettaunotawordorsign。’Silenceoverthere，allday；notasinglecannontoorfrom，’sayWunschandWolfersdorftooneanother。’Schmettaumusthavecapitulated！’concludethey，andwithdrawinthenight—time，stillthunderousifmolested；bivouacatGrossenhayn，aftertwenty—
fourhoursofcontinualmarchandbattle，nottimeevenforasnatchoffood。[BERICHTVONDERACTIONDESGENERAL—MAJORSVON
WUNSCH，BEYREICHENBERG，DEN5SEPEMBER，1759inSeyfarth，
Beylagen，ii。606—608。]
"RestingatGrossenhayn，expressreachesWunschfromhisCommandantatTorgau:’KleefeldiscomeonmefromLeipzigwith14，000；
Icannotlongholdout，unlessrelieved。’Wunschtakestheroadagain；twomarches，eachoftwentymiles。ReachesTorgaulate；
takespostintheruinsoftheNorthSuburb，findshemustfightKleefeld。Refresheshismen’withakegofwineperCompany，’
surelyajudiciousstep；andsendstoWolfersdorf，whohastherear—guard，’Beherewithmeto—morrowat10。’Wolfersdorfstartsat4，ishereat10:andWunsch，havingscannedKleefeldandhisPosition[aPositionstrongIFyouaredexteroustomanoeuvreinit；capableofbeingruinousifyouarenot，——partofthePositionofabiggerBATTLEOFTORGAU，whichiscoming]，——fliesatKleefeldandhis14，000likeacat—o’—mountain；takeshimontheleftflank:——Kleefeldandsuchoverplusofthousandsarestandingalittletowest—and—southofTorgau，withtheENTEFANG[adesolatebigreedymere，orPLACEOFDUCKS，stillofferingtheidleTorgaueramelancholysportthere]asaprotectiontotheirright；butwithnoevolution—talent，ornoneincomparisontoWunsch’s；——andaccordinglyarecuttopiecesbyWunsch，andblowntothewinds，astheirfellowshaveallbeen。"[HOFBERCHTVONDERAM8SEPTEMBER，1759，BEYTORGAU，VORGEFALLENENACTION:inSeyfarth，
Beylagen，ii。609，610。Tempelhof，iii。219—222。]
Wunsch，absoluteFateforbidding，couldnotsaveDresden:butheisherelordoftheNorthernregionsagain，——nothingbutLeipzignowintheenemy’shand；——andcanawaitFinck，whoisonmarchwithastrongerpartytobeginbusinesshere。Itisreckoned，therearefewmorebrilliantlittlebitsofSoldieringthanthisofWunsch’s。
Allthemore，ashismen，formostpart，werenotPrussian，butmiscellaneousForeignspiritsofuncertainfealty:rovingfellows，ofafightingturn，attractedbyFriedrich’sfame，andunderaCaptainwhohadtheartofkeepingthemintune。Wunschhasbeensoldiering，inadiligentthoughdimmiscellaneousway，thesefive—
and—twentyyears；foughtintheoldTurkWars，underdisastrousSeckendorf，——WunschapooryoungWurtembergensign，visibiybusythere（1737—1739））aswasthissameSchmettau，inthecharacterofstaff—officer，farenoughapartfromWunschatthattime！——foughtafterwards，intheBavarianservice，intheDutch，atRoucoux，atLauffeld，againunderdisastrouspeople。Couldnever，undersuch，findanythingbutsubalternworkallthiswhile；wasgladtoserve，undertheeyeofFriedrich，asColonelofaFreeCorps；whichhehasdonewithmuchdiligenceandgrowingdistinction:tillnow，atthelonglast，hischancedoescome；andheshowshimselfasarealGeneral。Possiblyahighcareerlyingahead；——amanthatmaybeveryvaluabletoFriedrich，whohasnowsofewsuchleft？FatehadagaindecidedotherwiseforWunsch；inwhatwaywillbeseenbeforethisCampaignends:"aninfernalCampaign，"accordingtoFriedrich，"CETTECAMPAGNEINFERNALE。"
Finck，whomFriedrichhadjustdetachedfromWaldau（September6th）
withanew8or6，000，tocommandinchiefinthoseparts，and，alongwithWunsch，putDresdenoutofrisk，asitwere，——FinckdoesatleastjoinWunsch，asweshallmentioninalittle。AndtheseTwo，withsuchWolfersdorfsandpeopleunderthem，didprovecapableofmakingfrontagainstReichsfolkingreatoverplusofnumber。NorarefartherSIEGESofthoseNorthernGarrisons，butrecapturesofthem，thenewsonehearsfromSaxonyhenceforth；——
onlythatDresdenisfatallygone。Irrecoverably，asturnedout，andinthatunbearablemanner。Hereistheconcludingscene:——
DRESDEN，SATURDAY，SEPTEMBER8th；EXITSCHMETTAU。"Athousandtimesover，Schmettaumusthaveaskedhimself，’WhywasIinsuchahurry？WithoutcauseforitI，onlyMaguirehavingcause！’——TheCapitulationhadbeenendedinahuddle，withoutsignature:
anunwiseCapitulation；anditwasscandalouslyillkept。
SchmettauwasnottohavemarchedtillMonday，10th，——sixcleardaysforpackingandpreparing；——but，practically，hehastomakethreeservehim；andtogohalf—packed，ornotpackedatall。
Endlesschicanesdoarise，’uponmyhonor！’——noteventhe800
wagonsarereadyforus；’Can’tyourbaggagesgoinboats，then？’
’No，norshall！’answersSchmettau，withblazingeyes，andheartreadytoburst；aSchmettaulivingallthiswhileasinPurgatory，orworse。SuchbullyingsfromtruculentGuasco，whoisnowwithoutmuzzle。Capitulation，mostimperfectinitself，isavowedlyinfringed:King’sArtillery，——whichwehadhaggledfor，andendedby’hopingfor，’toMaguirethatrainyevening:whywereweinsuchahurry，too，andblindtoMaguire’shurry！——King’sArtillery，accordingtoDurchlauchtofZweibruck，whenheactuallysignedwithinthewalls，is’NICHTACCORDIRT（Notgranted），excepttheFieldpart。’King’sregimentalfurnishings，allandsundry，were’ACCORDIRT，andwithoutvisitation，’——butonsecondthoughts，theAustrianOfficialsareofopiniontheremustreallybevisitation，mustbeinspection。’MaynotsomeofthembelongtoPolishMajesty？’Inwhichsadprocessofinspectiontherewasincrediblewaste，Schmettauprotesting；andabovehalfofthenewuniformswerelosttous。Our80pontoons，whichwereexpresslybargainedfor，arebrazenlydeniedus:’20ofthemareSaxon，’crytheAustrians:’whoknowsiftheyarenotalmostallSaxon，’——uponmyhonor！Atthisrate，onlywaitadayortwo，andfewerwagonsthan800willbeneeded！thinksSchmettau；andconsentsto18river—
boats；Boatsinpart，then；andletusmarchatonce。Accordingly，"SATURDAY，8th，at5inthemorning，Schmettau，withgoodsandpeople，doesatlastfileout:acrossElbeBridgethroughtheNeustadt；Prussiansfivedeep；adoublerankofAustrians，rangedoneachside，in’espalier’theycallit，——espalierwithgapsiniteveryhereandthere，towhatpurposeissoonevident。Themarchwassodisposed（likewiseforapurpose）that，allalong，therewereoneortwoCompaniesofPrussianFoot；andthenintheinterval，carriages，cannon，cavalryandhussars。
Schmettau’scarriageiswiththerear—guard，MadamSchmettau’swellinthevan:——intwoothercarriagesaretwoPrussianWar—and—DomainMinisters。[ANONYMOUSOFHAMBURG，III。376。]’ManagersofSaxonFinance，’theseTwo；——whowillhavetomanageelsewherethaninDresdenhenceforth。Zinnow，Borck，theysitveritablythere，withtheirmultiformAccountPapers:ofwhomIknowabsolutelynothing，——except（ifanybodycared）thatZinnow，who’diedofapoplexyinJunefollowing，’isprobablyofpursyred—nosedtype；andthatBorck，forcertain，hasaveryfinefaceandfigure；
delicacy，cheerfuldignity，perfectgentlemanhoodinshort，writtenoneveryfeatureofhim；aspaintedbyPesne，andengravedbySchmidt，formyaccidentalbehoof。[FredericusWilhelmusBorck（Pesnepinxit，1732；Schmidt，sculpturRegis，sculpsit，Berolini，1764）:anexcellentPrintandPortrait。]Curioustothinkofthatelaboratecourt—coatandflowingperiwig，withthisspecificBorck，’oldastheDevil’（whomIhavehadmuchtroubletoidentify），formingvisiblepartofthisdismalProcession:thebrighteyeofBorcknotsmilingasusual，butclouded，thoughimpassive！ButthatofBorckorhisLimnersisnotthepoint。
"ThePrussianshavebeendividedintosmallsections，withamassofbaggage—wagonsandcavalrybetweeneverytwo。Andnosooneristhemassgotinmovement，thanthererisesfromtheAustrianpart，andcontinuesalltheway，loudinvitation，’WhosoeverisabraveSaxon，abraveAustrian，Reichsman，cometous！Gapsintheespalier，don’tyousee！’AndSchmettau，intherear，withbaggageandcavalryintervening，——nobodycanreachSchmettau。Hereisawayofkeepingyourbargain！ThePrussianOfficersstrugglestoutly:
butarebellowedat，struckat，menacedbybayonetandbullet，——
noneofthemshot，Ithink，butagoodseveralofthemcutandwounded；——theAustrianOfficersthemselvesinpassionatepointsbehavingshamefully，’Yes，shootthemdown，the（wereitnothingelse）hereticdogs；’andbeingthroughoutevidentlyinahotshiveryframeofmind，forgetfulofthelaws。SeldomwassuchaProcession；spite，rageandlawlessrevengeblazingoutmoreandmore。Onthewhole，theredeserted，throughthosegapsoftheespalier，abouthalfofthewholeGarrison。OnMadamSchmettau’shammercloththeresat，intheSchmettaulivery，ahard—featuredman，recognizablebykeeneyesaslatelyaNailer，oftheNailerGuildhere；whohadbeenaspyforSchmettau，andbroughtmanypersonsintotrouble:himtheyteardown，andtramplehitherandthither，——atlast，intosomeGuard—housenearby。"[TheSchmettauDIARIUMinANONYMOUSOFHAMBURG，iii。364—376（correctedchieflyfromTEMPELHOF）:Protest，andCorrespondenceinconsequence，isinSeyfarth，Beylagen，ii。611—621；in
Helden—Geschichte，&c。&c。]
Schmettau’sprotestagainstallthisisvehement，solemnlycircumstantial:but，exceptinregardtothetrampledNailer（Zweibruckonthatpoint"heartilysorryfortheinsulttoyourExcellency’slivery；andherethemanis，withathousandapologies"），Schmettaugotnoredress。NorhadFriedrichany，noworhenceforth。Friedrichdidatonce，moretotestifyhisdisgustthanforanybenefit，orderSchmettau:"HaltatWittenberg，notatMagdeburgaswaspretendedtobebargained。DismissyourEscortofAustriansthere；bidthemhomeatonce，andoutofyoursight。"
SchmettauhimselfheorderedtoBerlin，toidlewaiting。
NeveragainemployedSchmettau:forsixteenyearsthattheylivedtogether，neversawhisfacemore。
Schmettau’sill—fortunewasmuchpitied，assurelyitdeservedtobe，byallmen。AboutFriedrich’sseveritytherewas，andstilloccasionallyis，controversyheld。IntowhichweshallnotenterforYesorforNo。"Youareliketherestofthem！"writesFriedrichtohim；"whenthemomentcomesforshowingfirmness，youfailinit。"["Waldau，10thSeptember，1759:"inPreuss，ii。
URKUNDEN。p。44。]FriedrichexpectsofotherswhatallSoldiersprofess，——andwhatisinfactthesoulofallnoblenessintheirtrade，——butwhatonlyFriedrichhimself，andaselectfew，areinthehabitofactuallyperforming。Triedbythestandardofcommonpractice，Schmettauisclearlyabsolvable；abrokenveteran，deservingalmosttears。ButthatisnotthestandardwhichitwillbesafeforaKingofmentogoby。Friedrich，Ishouldsay，wouldbeorderedbyhisOffice，ifNatureherselfdidnotorderhim，topitchhisidealveryhigh；andtoberatherRhadamanthineinjudgingaboutit。Friedrichwasneveraccusedofover—generositytotheunfortunateamonghisCaptains。
AftertheWar，Schmettau，hisconductstillathemeofargument，wasreducedtotheInvalidList:agenowsixty—seven，buthealthandheartstillveryfresh，ashepleaded；complainingthathecouldnotliveonhisretiringPensionof300poundsayear。
"BethankfulyouhavenothadyourheadstruckoffbysentenceofCourt—Martial，"answeredFriedrich。Schmettau，aftersomefarthertroublesfromCourtquarters，retiredtoBrandenburg，andtherelivedsilent，poorbuthonorable，forhisremainingfifteenyears。
MadamSchmettaucameoutverybeautifulinthosebadcircumstances:
cheery，thrifty，fullofloyalpatience；aconstantsunshinetoherpoorman，whomshehadprecededoutofDresdeninthewaywesaw。
Schmettauwasveryquiet，stillstudiousofWarmatters；
[SeeLeben（byhisSon，"CaptainSchmettau；"
amodestintelligentBook），pp。440—447。]"senttheKing"once，——in1772，whilePolishPrussia，andHowitcouldbefortified，weretheinterestingsubject，——"aJOURNAL，"whichhehadelaboratedforhimself，"OFTHEMARCHESOFKARLTWELFTHINWESTPREUSSEN；"whichwaswellreceived:"ApparentlytheKingnotangrywithmefarther？"
thoughtSchmettau。Acompletelyretiredoldman；studious，social，——thebestmenoftheArmystillhisfriendsandfamiliars:——nor，inhisownmind，anymutinyagainsthisChief；thisalsohasitsbeautyinahumanlife，myfriend。SolongasMadamSchmettaulived，itwaswell；afterherdeath，notwell，darkrather，andgrowingdarker:andinaboutthreeyearsSchmettaufollowed（27thOctober，1775），whitherthatgoodsoulhadgone。TheelderBrother——whowasadistinguishedAcademician，aswellasFeldmarschallandNegotiator——haddiedatBerlin，inVoltaire’stime，1751。EachofthoseSchmettaushadaSon，inthePrussianArmy，whowroteBooks，oreachashortBook，stillworthreading。[BavarianWarof1778，bytheFeldmarschall’sSon；adthis
Lebenwehavejustbeenciting，bytheLieutenant—
General’s。]Butwemustreturn。
Ontheverymorrow，September5th，DaunheardoftheglorioussuccessatDresden；hadnotexpectedittillaboutthe10thatsoonest。FromTriebelhesendsthenewsatgalloptoLieberoseandSoltikof:"Rejoicewithus，Excellenz:didnotIpredictit？
SilesiaandSaxonybothareours；fruitschieflyofyournoblesuccesses。Oh，continuethemaverylittle！""Umph！"answersSoltikof，notwithmuchenthusiasm:"Sendusmealsteadily；
andgainyou，Excellenz’sself，somenoblesuccess！"Friedrichdidnothearofitforalmostaweeklater；nottillMonday，10th，——asacertainsmallAnecdotewouldofitselfindicate。
SundayEvening，9thSeptember，GeneralFinck，withhisnew6，000，hasteningontojoinWunschforreliefofDresden，hadgottoGrossenhayn；andwasputtinguphistents，whentheOutpostsbroughthiminanAustrianOfficer，whohadcomewithaTrumpeterinquiringfortheGeneral。TheAustrianOfficer"isinquestofproperlodgingsforGeneralSchmettauandGarrison[fancyFinck’ssuddenstare！]；——lastnighttheylodgedatGross—Dobritz，tolerablytotheirmind:butthequestionfortheEscortis，Wheretolodgethisnight，ifyourExcellencycouldadviseme？""Herr，IwilladviseyoutogobacktoGross—Dobritzontheinstant，"answersFinckgrimly；"IshallbeobligedtomakeyouandyourTrumpetprisoners，otherwise！"ExitAustrianOfficer。Thatsameevening，too，CaptainKollas，carryingSchmettau’ssadnewstotheKing，callsonFinckinpassing；givesdismaldetailsoftheCapitulationandtheAustrianwayofkeepingit；fillingFinck’smindwithsorrowfulindignation。[Tempelhof，iii。237。]
Finck——letusaddhere，thoughindateitbelongsalittleelsewhere——pusheson，nottheless，tojoinWunschatTorgau；
joinsWunsch，straightwayrecapturesLeipzig，garrisonprisoners（September13th）:recapturesallthosenorthwesterngarrisons，——
multitudinousReichsfolktrying，once，tofighthim，inanamazinglyloud，butotherwisehelplessway（"ACTIONOFKORBITZ"
theycallit）；cannonadingfarandwideallday，andmanoeuvringabout，herebitteninupon，theretryingtobite，overmanyleaguesofCountry；principallyunderHaddick’sleading；[HOFBERICHTVON
DERAM21SEPTEMBERBEYKORBITZ（inMeissenCountry，southofElbe；
KrogistooisaVillageinthiswide—spread"Action"）VORGEFALLENEN
ACTION（Seyfarth，Beylagen，ii。621—630）。
Tempelhof，iii。248，258。]whosawgoodtodrawoffDresden—wardnextday，andleaveFinckmasterinthoseregions。ToDaun’ssadastonishment，——inamomentofcrisis，——asweshallhearfartheron！
SothatSaxonyisnotyetconqueredtoDaun；Saxony，no，norindeedwillbe:——butDresdenis。FriedrichnevercouldrecoverDresden；
thoughhehoped，andatintervalstriedhard，foralongwhiletocome。
ChapterVI。
PRINCEHENRIMAKESAMARCHOFFIFTYHOURS；
THERUSSIANSCANNOTFINDLODGINGINSILESIA。
TheeyesofallhadbeenbentonDresdenlatterly；andtherehadoccurredagreatdealofdetachingthitherward，andofmarchingthereandthence，aswehavepartlyseen。Andtheendis，Dresden，andtoappearanceSaxonyalongwithit，isDaun’s。HasnotDaungoodreasonnowtobeproudofthecunctatorymethod？Neverdidhisgamestandbetter；andallhasbeengainedatotherpeople’sexpense。Daunhasnotplayedonetrumpcard；itisthoseobligingRussiansthathaveplayedallthetrumps，andreducedtheEnemytonothing。Onlycontinuethatwisecourse，——andcartmeal，withyourwholestrength，fortheRussians！——
SafebehindthepoolsofLieberose，FriedrichbetweenthemandBerlin，liethosedearRussians；extending，Daunandthey，likeanimpassablemilitarydike，withspursofOutpostsandcunninglydevisedDetachments，farandwide，——frombeyondBoberorutmostCrossenontheeast，toHoyerswerdainElbeCountryonthewest；——
dikeofeightymileslong，andinsomeeasternpartsofalmosteightybroad；soelaborateisDaun’sdetachingquality，incasesofmoment。"TheKing’sbrokenArmyononesideofus，"calculatesDaun；"PrinceHenri’sontheother；incommunicativethey；
reducedtoisolation，powerlesseitherorbothofthemagainstsuchodds。Theyshallwaitthere，pleaseHeaven，tillSaxonybequitefinished。Zweibruck，andourDetachmentsandMaguires，letthemfinishSaxony，whileSoltikofkeepstheKingbusy。Saxonyfinished，howwilleitherPrinceorKingattempttorecoverit！Afterwhich，Silesiaforus；——andweshallthenbenearourMagazineswithal，andthisseverestressofcartingwillabateorcease。"Infact，theseseemsoundcalculations:Friedrichis24，000；Henri38，000；
themilitarydikeis，ofAustrians75，000，ofRussiansandAustrianstogether120，000。DaunmayfairlycalculateonsucceedingbeautifullythisYear:Saxonyhisaltogether；andinSilesiasomeGlogauorstrongTowntaken，andRussiansandAustrianswinteringtogetherinthatCountry。
IfonlyDaundonotTOOmuchsparehistrumpcards！Butthereissuchathingasexcessonthatsidetoo:andperhapsitiseventhemoreruinouskind，——andiscertainlythemoredespisedbygoodjudges，thoughthemultitudeofbadmaynoticeitless。Daunisunweariedinhisvigilantes，inhisinfinitecartingsofprovisionforhimselfandSoltikof，——longchainsofMagazines，bigandlittle，atGuben，atGorlitz，atBautzen，Zittau，Friedland；
anddoes，aidedbyFrenchMontalembert，allthatmancantokeepthosedearstupidRussiansintune。
Daun’sproblemofcartingprovisions，andguardinghismultifariousposts，andsourcesofmealanddefence，isnotwithoutitsdifficulties。EspeciallywithaPrinceHenriopposite；whohasasuperlativemanoeuvringtalentofhisown，andanindustrynotinferiortoDaun’sinthatway。Accordingly，eversinceAugust11th—13th，whenDaunmovednorthwardtoTriebel，andHenrishotoutdetachmentsparalleltohim，"tosecuretheBoberandourrightflank，andtrytoregaincommunicationwiththeKing，"——stillmore，eversinceAugust22d，whenDaunundertookthatonerouscartageofmealforSoltikofaswellasself，themanoeuvringandmutualfencingandparrying，betweenHenriandhim，hasbeengettinglivelierandlivelier。FainwouldDaunsecurehisnumerousRoadsandMagazines；assiduouslydoesHenrithreatenhiminthesepoints，andtryallmeanstoregaincommunicationwithhisBrother。
DaunhasMagazinesandinterestseverywhere；Henriiseverywherediligenttoactonthem。
Dauninperson，eversinceKunersdorftime，hasbeenatTriebel；
HenrimovedtoSaganafterhim，buthasleftalieutenantatSchmottseifen，asDaunhasatMark—Lissa:——herearestillnewplanets，andsecondaryditto，withrevolvingmoons。Inshort，itistwointerpenetratingsolarsystems，gyrating，osculatiugandcolliding，overaspaceofseveralthousandsquaremiles，——withanintricacy，withanembroiledabstrusenessPtolemeanormore！
Whichindeedthesoldierwhowouldknowhisbusiness——（andnotknowingit，isnotheofallsolecismsinthisworldthemostflagrant？）——oughttostudy，outofTempelhofandtheBooks；
butwhich，exceptinitsresults，nootherreadercouldendure。
Theresultwewillmakeapointofgathering:carefullyriddleddown，therearewithalinthedetailsfiveorsixlittlepassageswhichhavesomeshadowofinteresttous；theseletusnote，andcarefullyomittherest:——
OFFOUQUETATLANDSHUT。"FouquetwastwiceattackedatLandshut；
butmadealuckyfigurebothtimes。AttackfirstwasbyDeville:
attacksecondbyHarsch。EarlyinJuly，notlongafterFriedrichhadleftforSchmottseifen，rashDeville（arashcreature，andthenagainalaggard，swiftwhereheshouldbeslow，andVICEVERSA）
againmadetrialonLandshutandFouquet；butwasbeautifullydealtwith；takeninrear，inflank，orIforgethowtaken，butsentgallopingthroughthePassesagain，withalossofmanyPrisoners，mostofhisfurnitures，andallhispresenceofmind:whomDaunthereuponsummonedoutofthoseparts，’HitherwardtoMark—LissawithyourCorps；leaveFouquetalone！’[HOFBERICHTVONDEN
UNTERNEHMUNGENDESFOUQUETSCHENCORPS，IMJULIUS1759:inSeyfarth，Beylagen，ii。582—586。]
"Afterwhich，Fouquet，thingsbeingaltogetherquietroundhim，wassummoned，withmostpartofhisforce，toSchmottseifen；
leftGeneralGoltz（amanwehavemetbefore）toguardLandshut；
andwasinfairhopesofprovinghelpfultoPrinceHenri，——whenHarsch[Harschbyhimselfthistime，notHarschandDevilleasusual]thoughtherewashisopportunity；andcamewithagreatapparatus，asiftoswallowLandshutwhole。SothatFouquethadtohurryoffreinforcementsthither；andatlengthtogohimself，leavingStutterheiminhissteadatSchmottseifen。Goltz，however，withhissmallhandful，stoodwelltohiswork。AndtherefelloutsharpfencingsatLandshut:——especiallyoneviolentattackonouroutposts；theAustriansquitetriumphant；till’acoupleofcannonopenonthemfromthenextHill，’——tillsomeviolentWernerorotherchargeinuponthemwithPrussianHussars；——adesperatetussle，thatspecialoneofWerner’s；notonlysabresflashingfuriouslyonbothsides，butbuttsofpistolsandblowsontheface:[Tempelhof，iii。233:31stAugust。]till，inshort，Harschfindshecanmakenothingofit，andhastakenhimselfaway，beforeFouquetcome。"ThisGoltz，hereplayingAnti—Harsch，istheGoltzwho，withWinterfeld，Schmettauandothers，wasinthatmelancholyZittaumarch，ofthePrinceofPrussia’s，in1757:itwasGoltzbywhomtheKingsenthisfinishingcompliment，"Youdeserve，allofyou，tobetriedbyCourt—Martial，andtoloseyourheads！"
GoltzismainlyconcernedwithFouquetandSilesia，inlatetimes；
andweshallhearofhimonceagain。FouquetdidnotreturntoSchmottseifen；norwasmolestedagaininLandshutthisyear，thoughhesoonhadtodetach，fortheKing’suse，partofhisLandshutforce，andhadotherSilesianbusinesswhichfelltohim。
FORTRESSOFPEITZ。ThepoorFortressofPeitzwastakenagain；——doreadersrememberit，"onthedayofZorndorf，"lastyear？
"Thisyear，afortnightafterKunersdorf，thesameoldHalf—payGentlemanwithhisFive—and—fortyInvalidshaveagainbeensetadrift，’withthehonorsofwar，’pooroldcreatures；lestbypossibilitytheyafflictthedearRussiansandourmeal—cartsupyonder。[Tempelhof，iii。231:27thAugust。]IwillforgetwhotookPeitz:perhapsHaddick，ofwhomwehavelatelyheardsomuch？
HewascaptorofBerlinin1757，didtheInroadonBerlinthatyear，——andproducedRossbachshortlyafter。Peitz，ifhedidPeitz，wasHaddick’slastsuccessintheworld。Haddickhasbeenmostindustrious，’guardingtheRussianflank，’——standingbetweentheKingandit，duringthatSoltikofmarchtoMullrose，toLieberose；
butthatoncedone，andtheKingsettledatWaldau，HaddickwasorderedtoSaxony，againstWunschandFinck:——andreadersknowalreadywhathemadeoftheseTwointhe’ActionatKorbitz，September21st，’——andshallhearsoonwhatbefellHaddickhimselfinconsequence。"
COLONELHORDTISCAPTURED。"ItwasinthatfinalmarchingofSoltikoftoLieberosethatadistinguishedEx—Swede，ColonelHordt，oftheFreeCorpsHORDT，wastakenprisoner。AtTrebatsch；
hangingonSoltikof’srightflankonthatoccasion。ItwasnotHaddick，itwasaswarmofCossackswholaidHordtfast；hishorsehavinggonetothegirthsinabog。[MemoiresduComtedeHordt（aBerlin，1789），ii。53—58（notdatedorintelligiblethere）:inTempelhof（iii。235，236）clearaccount，"Trebatsch，September4th。"]Hordt，anEx—Swedeofdistinction，——aRoyalistExile，onwhoseheadtheSwedeshavesetaprice（hadgoneinto’Brahe’sPlot，’yearssince，PlotonbehalfofthepoorSwedishKing，whichcostBrahehislife），——Hordtnowmighthavefaredill，hadnotFriedrichbeenemphatic，’Touchahairofhim，retaliationfollowsontheinstant！’HewascarriedtoPetersburg；
’laytwenty—sixmonthsandthreedays’insolitarydurancethere；
andwemayhearawordfromhimagain。"
ZIETHENALMOSTCAPTURED。"PrinceHenri，inthelastdaysofAugust，marchedtoSaganinperson；[Tempelhof，iii。231:29thAugust。]
Ziethenalongwithhim；multifariouslymanoeuvring’toregaincommunicationwiththeKing。’Ofcourse，withnowantofcounter—
manoeuvring，ofvigilantoutposts，cunninglydeviseddetachmentsandassiduoussmallmeasuresonthepartofDaun。Who，oneday，haddeterminedonamoreconsiderablething；thatofcuttingoutZiethenfromtheSaganneighborhood。Andwouldhavedoneit，theysay，——hadnothebeentoocunctatory。September2d，Ziethen，whoispostedinthelittletownofSorau，hadverynearlybeencutoff。
InSorau，westward，Daun—ward，ofSaganashortday？smarch:
theresatZiethen，consciousofnothingparticular，——withDaunsecretlymarchingonhim；Dauninperson，fromthewest，andtwoothersfromthenorthandfromthesouth，whoaretobesimultaneousonSorauandtheZietheners。Awell—laidscheme；