FRIEDRICH，STRANGETOSAY，PUBLISHES（March—June，1760）
ANEDITIONOFHISPOEMS。QUESTION，"WHOWROTEMatineesduRoidePrusse？"——FORTHESECOND，ANDPOSITIVELYTHELASTTIME。
Inthisavalancheofimpendingdestructions，whatcanbemoresurprisingthantohearoftheEditingofPoemsonhisMajesty’spart！ActualpublicationofthatOEuvredePoesie，forwhichVoltaire，poorgentleman，sufferedsuchtribulationsevenyearsago。Nowcomingoutfromchoice:Reprintofit，notnowtotheextentoftwelvecopiesforhighlyspecialfriends，butincopiousthousands，forbehoofofmankindatlarge！ThethingcostFriedrichverylittlemeditating，andhadbecomenecessary，——andtobedonewithspeed。
ReadersrecollecttheOEUVREDEPOESIE，andsatiricalhitssaidtobeinit。AtParis，aboutNew—year’stime1760，somehelpfulHandhadcontrivedtobringout，underthepretendeddate"Potsdam，"acheapeditionofthatinterestingWork。["OEuvresduPhilosophedeSans—Souci:"1vol。12mo，"Potsdam[PARIS，intruth]，1760。"]Merelyinthewayoftheft，asappearedtocursoryreaders，toD’Argens，forexample:[HisLettertotheKing，OEuvresdeFrederic，xix。138。]but，indeeperfact，forthepurposeofapprisingcertainCrownedHeads，friendlyandhostile，——CzarishMajestyandGeorgeII。ofEnglandthemaintwo，——whatthispoetizingKingwaspleasedtothinkoftheminhisprivatemoments。D’Argensdeclareshimselfgladofthistheft，soexquisitelycleveristheBook。ButFriedrichknowsbetter:"March17th，whenaCopyofitcametohim，"Friedrichseeswellwhatismeant，——andwhathehimselfhastodoinit。
Heinstantlysetsaboutmakingafewsuppressions，changesofphrase；sendsthethingtoD’Argens:"Publishatonce，withalittleprefatoryword。"And，atthetopofhisspeed，D’Argenshas，inthreeweeks’time，thesuitableAVANT—PROPOS，orAVISAU
LIBRAIRE，"circulatingingreatquantities，especiallyinLondonandPetersburg"（"ThiefEditorhasomitted；and，whatisfarmore，hasmalignantlyinterpolated:hereisthepooridleWorkitself，notaCounterfeitofit，ifanybodycaretoreadit"），andanOrthodoxEditionready。[CameoutApril9th[seeMITCHELL，ii。
153]，andasecondfinerEditioninJune:"inOEuvresdeFrederic，x。p。x，xix。137n。，138；especiallyinPREUSS，i。467，468（ifyouwillcomparehimwithHIMSELFonthesedifferentoccasions，andpatientlywindouthisbitofmeaning），allmannerofminutestdetails。]ThediligentPirateBooksellers，atAmsterdam，atLondon，copiouslyreproducedthisauthorizedBerlinEditiontoo，——oraddedexcerptsfromittotheirreprintsoftheParisone，bywayofvarious—readings。Andeverybodyreadandcompared，whatnobodywillnowdo；theme，andtreatmentoftheme，beingbothnowsoheartilyindifferenttous。
WhothePerpetratorofthisParisianmaleficencewas，remaineddark；——andwouldnotbeworthinquiringintoatall，exceptfortworeasonsintrinsicallytrifling，butnotquitewithoutinteresttoreadersofourtime。First，thatVoltaire，whomsomesuspected（some，nevermuchFriedrich，thatIhearof），appearstohavebeenperfectlyinnocent；——andindeedhadbeenincapacitatedforguilt，bySchmidtandFreytag，andtheirdreadfulFrankfurtprocedures！
ThisisreasonFIRST；poorVoltairemutelyaskingus，Nottoloadhimwithmoresinsthanhisown。ReasonSECONDis，that，byasingularopportunity，therehas，intheseverymonths，[Spring，1863。]aglimmeringoflightrisenonittothisEditor；
illustratingtwootherpointsaswell，whichreadershereareacquaintedwith，sometimeago，asriddlesoftheinsignificantsort。TheDEMONNEWSWRITER，withhis"IDEA"ofFriedrich，andthe"MATINEESDUROIDEPRUSSE:"readersrecollectboththoseProductions；bothenigmaticastoauthorship；——butbothnowbecomeriddleswhichcanmoreorlessberead。
Forthesurprisingcircumstance（thoughincertainperiods，whentherealmofveryChaosre—emerges，fitfully，intouppersunshinenowandthen，nothingoughttosurpriseoneashappeningthere）is，That，onlyafewmonthsago，theincomparableMATINEES（knowntomyreadersfiveyearssince）hasfoundanewEditorandreviver。
Editorilluminated"bytheSecretaryoftheGreatNapoleon，""bydiscoveryofmanuscripts，""bytheDucdeRovigo，"andIknownotwhat；animatedalso，itissaid，byreligiousviews。And，inshort，theMATINEESisagainabroadupontheworld，——"yourLondonEditiontwicereprintedinGermany，bytheJesuitpartysince"（muchgoodmayitdotheJesuitparty！）——aMATINEESagainincomfortablecircumstances，aswouldseem。Probablythelongest—earedPlatitudenowwalkingtheEarth，thoughthereareagoodmanywithearslong。
Unconscious，seemingly，thatithasbeenkilledthriceandfourtimesalready；andthatindeed，exceptintherealmofNightmare，itneverwasalive，orneededanykilling；beliefinit，doubtuponit（ImustgrievetoinformtheDucdeRovigoandhonorablepersonsconcerned），beingevidenceconclusivethatyouhavenotyetthefaintestpreliminaryshadowofcorrectknowledgeaboutFriedrichorhishabitsoraffairs，andthatyououghtfirsttotryandacquiresome。
Tomeargumentonthissubjectwouldhavebeentoounendurable。
Butargumenttherewasonit，bypersonscapableandwilling，morethanone:andinresultthissurprisingbrand—newLondonmoon—calfofaMATINEESwassmittenthrough，andslitinpieces，forthefifthtime，——asifthatcouldhavehurtitmuch！"MITDER
DUMMHEIT，"singsSchiller；"HumanStupidityisstrongerthantheveryGods。"However，inthecourseofthesenewinspectionsintomatterslongsinceobsolete，theredid——whatmaytrulybeconsideredasakindofprofitbythisResuscitatingofthemoon—
calfMATINEESuponafflictedmankind，andisanetoutcomefromit，real，thoughverysmall——somelightriseastotheoriginandgenesisofMATINEES；sometwinklesoflight，and，intheutterlydarkelement，diddiscloseothermonstrousextinctshapesloomingtorightandleftofsaidmonster:and，inaword，theAuthorshipofMATINEES，andnotofMATINEESonly，becomesnowatlastfaintlyvisibleorguessable。TooneofthoseindustriousMatadors，aswemaycallthem，Slayersofthismoon—calfforthefourthorfifthtime，IowethefollowingNote；which，onverifying，Icandeclaretobetrustworthy:——
"TheAuthorofMATINEES，itisnearlycertain"，saysmyCorrespondent，"isactuallya’M。deBonneville，’——contrarytowhatyouwrotefiveyearsago。[A。D。1858（SUPRA，v。165，166）。]
NotindeedtheBonnevillewhoisfoundinDictionaries，whoisvisiblyimpossible；butaBonnevilleoftheprecedinggeneration，whowasMarechaldeSaxe’sAdjutantorSecretary，oldenoughtohavebeentheUncleortheFatherofthatrevolutionaryBonneville。
MarechaldeSaxediedNovember30th，1750；thisseniorBonneville，stillayoungman，hadbeenwithhimtoPotsdamonvisitthere。
Bonneville，consciousofgenius，andnowoutofemployment，naturallywentthitheragain；livedagooddealthere，orwentbetweenFranceandthere:andauthenticHistoryknowsofhim，bydirectevidence，andbyreflex，thefollowingThreeFacts（theSECONDofthemitselfthreefold），ofwhichIwilldistinguishtheindubitablefromtheinferentiallycredibleorasgoodascertain:——
"1。Indubitable，ThatBonnevillesoldtoFriedrichcertainPapers，militaryPlans，orthelike，ofthelateMarechalandwaspaidforthem；butbynomeansmettherecognitionhisgeniussawitselftomerit。Thesethingsarecertain，thoughnotdated，ordatableexceptasoftheyear1750or1751。Afterwhich，forabovetwentyyears，Bonnevilleentereduponaseriesofadventures，caliginous，underground，formostpart；’soldieringinAmerica，’’writinganonymousPamphletsorBooks，’roamingwideovertheworld；andledabusybutobscureanduncertainlife，hangingbyBerlinasakindofcentre，orbyParisandBerlinashistwocentres；andhadamiscellaneousseriesofadventures，subterraneanmanyofthem，unluminousallofthem，notcourtingthelight；whichlienowinnaturallyaverydarkcondition。Dimlydiscernible，however，inthegeneralduskofBonneville，dimandvagueofoutline，butdefinitelysteadybeyondwhatcouldhavebeenexpected，itdoesappearfarther，——whataloneentitlesBonnevilletotheleastmemoryhere，oranywhereinNaturenoworhenceforth，——
"2。Inferentiallycredible，That，shortlyafterthatfirstrebuffinPotsdam，he，notanother，in1752，wasyour’DEMONNEWSWRITER，’
whomwegazedat，sometimesince，devoutlycrossingourselves，foralittlewhile！
"Likewisethat，in1759—1760，afterorbeforehisAmericanwanderings，he，thesameBonneville，aswassuspectedatthetime，["Nicolai，UeberZimmermannsFragmente，i。
181，182，ii。253，254。SketchofwhatisauthenticallyknownaboutBonneville:’suspectedbothofMATINEESandoftheStolenEDITION。’"]stoleandeditedthissurreptitiousmischief—makingOEuvresduPhilosophedeSans—Souci（ParisorLyon，pretendingtobe’Potsdam，’January，1760），"whichwearenowconsidering！"Encouraged，probablyenough，byChoiseulhimself，who，inanycase，isnowknowntohavebeenthepromoterofthisfinebitofmischief，[Choiseul’sownNote，"ToM。deMalesherbes，DIRECTEURDELALIBRAIRE，10thDecember，1759:’ByeverymethodscreentheKing’sGovernmentfrombeingsuspected；——andgettheEditionoutatonce。’"（PublishedintheConstitutionnel，2dDecember，1850，byM。Sainte—Beuve；copiedinPreuss，OEuvresdeFrederic，xix。168n。）]——
andwhomaythereupon[ormayasprobably，NOT"thereupon，"ifitwereoftheleastconsequencetogodsormen]haveopenedtoBonnevilleanewmilitarycareerinAmerica？Careerwhichledtoasgoodasnothing；FrenchsoldieringinAmericabeingdonefor，inthecourseof1760。UponwhichBonnevillewouldreturntohisoldhaunts，tohisoldsubterraneanindustriesinParisandBerlin。
"Andthat，finally，in1765，he，aswasagainsuspectedatthetime，["Nicolai，UeberZimmermannsFragmente，i。181，182，ii。253，254。SketchofwhatisauthenticallyknownaboutBonneville:
’suspectedbothofMATINEESandoftheStolenEDITION。’"]heandnoother，didwritethoseMATINEES，whichappearednextyearinprint（1766），andmanytimessince；andhavejustbeenreprinted，asasurprisingnewdiscovery，atLondon，inSpring，1863。
"3。Againindubitable，ThateitherafterorbeforethoseEditorialexploits，BonnevillehadsoldtheMarechaldeSaxe’sPlansandPapers，whichwerealreadytheKing’s，tosomesecondperson，andbeenasecondtimepaidforthem。Andwas，inregardtothisSwindlingexploit，foundout；andbyreasonofthatsale，orforwhatreasonisnotknown，wasputintoSpandau，and，onehopes，endedhislifethere。"["Nicolai，UBISUPRA；——andbesideshim，onlythetwofollowingreferences，outofhalfacart—load:
1。Bachaumont，MEMOIRESSECRETES，’7thFebruary，1765’（seeBarbier，DictionnairedesAnonymes，？
Matinees），whocallsMATINEES’adevelopmentoftheIDEEDELA
PERSONNE，’&c。（thatis，ofyour’DEMONNEWSWRITER；’alreadyknowntoBachaumont，this’IDEE，’itseems，aswellastheMATINEESinManuscript）。2。LETTERofGrimmtoDuchessofSachsen—Gotha[OUR
Duchess]，dated’Paris，15thApril，1765:’notinprinted
CorrespondancedeGrimm，butstillintheArchivesofGotha，incompanywithaMS。ofMATINEES，probablytheoldestextant（see，——intheGRENZBOTENPeriodical，Leipzig，1863，pp。473—484，500—519，——K。SAMWER，whoisChiefMALLEUSofthisnewLondonmoon—calf，andwillinformthecuriousofeveryparticular）。"
MATINEESwasfirstprinted1766（noplace），andsevenoreighttimessince，indifferentCountries；twiceorthriceover，as"aninterestingnewdiscovery:"——verywearisometothisEditor；whoreadMATINEES（inpoorLONDONprint，thattoo）manyyearsago，——
withcompletesatisfactionastoMatinees，andsincerewishnottotouchitagainevenwithapairoftongs；——andhassincehadthree"pricelessMSS。ofit"offeredhim，atlowrates，asaguerdontomerit。]
FactNo。2，whichaloneconcernsushere，——andwhich，initsthreesuccessivestages，doescuriouslycoherewithitselfandwithotherthings，——comes，therefore，notbydirectlight，whichindeed，bythenatureofthecase，wouldbeimpossible。Notbydirectlight，butbyvariousreflexlights，andconvergenceofprobabilitiesoldandnew，whichbecomethestrongerthebettertheyareexamined；
andmaybeconsideredasamountingtowhatiscalledamoralcertainty，——"certain"enoughforaninquiryofthatsignificance。
Toakindofmoralcertainty:kindofmoralconsolationtoo；
onlyOneindividualofAdam’sPosterity，notThreeormore，havingbeenneededinthesemultifariousactsofscoundrelism；andthatOnereceivingpayment，orpartpayment，sopromptandappropriate，intheshapeofapermanentcannon—ballathisankle。
ThisistheoneprofitmyreadersorIhaveyetderivedfromthelatemiraculousResuscitationofMATINEESROYALES；theotheritemsofprofitinthatEnterpriseshallbelong，nottousintheleastmeasure，buttoBonneville，andtohiswellorilldisposedCoadjutorsandCopartnersintheAdventure。Adieutoit，audtohimandtothem，foreverandaday！
PEACE—NEGOTIATIONSHOPEFULTOFRIEDRICHALLTHROUGHWINTER；
BUTTHEFRENCHWON’T。VOLTAIRE，ANDHISSTYLEOFCORRESPONDING。
ThisWintertherewastalkofPeace，morespecificallythanever。
November15th，attheHague，asaneutralplace，therehadbeen，bythetwoMajesties，BritannicandPrussian，officialDECLARATION，"We，forourpart，deeplylamentthesehorrors，andarereadytotreatofPeace。"ThisDeclarationwaspresentedNovember15th，1759，byPrinceLudwigofBrunswick（HeadGeneraloftheDutch，andaBrotherofPrinceFerdinandourGeneral’s，suitableforsuchcase），totheAustrian—FrenchExcellenciesattheHague。Bywhomithadbeenreceivedwiththeduepoliteness，"Willgiveitourprofoundestconsideration；"[DECLARATION（bythetwoMajesties）
thattheyarereadytotreatofPeace，15thNovember，1759，presentedby，&c。（asabove）；ANSWERfromFrance，instingyterms，andnottill3dApril，1760:areinLondonGazette；
inGentleman’sMagazine，xxix。
603，xxx。188；in&c。&c。]——whichindeedtheFrench，forsometime，privatelydid；thoughtheAustriansprivatelyhadnoneedtodoso，beingalreadyfixedforanegativeresponsetotheproposal。
Butherebyroseactualtalkofa"Congress；"andwaggingofDiplomaticwigsastowhereitshallbe。"InBreda，"saidsome；
"BredaaplaceusedtoCongresses。""WhynotinNancihere？"saidpooroldEx—PolishStanislaus，alivetothecallsofbenevolence，pooroldTitularsoul。Otherssaid"Leipzig；"others"Augsburg；"——
andindeedinAugsburg，accordingtotheGazetteers，atonetime，therewere"upholsterersbusygettingreadytheapartments。"
Sothat，withsuchrumorintheDiplomaticcircles，theGazetteerandouterworldwasfullofspeculationuponPeace；andFriedrichhadlivelyhopesofit，andhadbeenhopingthreemonthsbefore，aswetransientlysaw，thoughagainitcametonothing。Alltonothing；andisnot，initself，worththeleastattentionfromushere，——apoorextinctfact，loudinthosemonthsandfillingthewholeworld，nowsilentandextincttoeverybody，——except，indeed，thatitoffersphysiognomictraitshereandthereofacertainKing，andofthoseabouthim。Forwhichreasonwewilldwellonitafewminuteslonger。
Nobody，inthatWinter1759—1760，couldguesswhere，orfromwhom，thisbigworld—interestingPeace—Negotiationhaditsbirth；
aseverybodynowcan，whennobodynowiscuriousonthequestion！
AtSagan，inSeptemberlast，weallsawthesmallprivatesourceofit，itsfirstoutspurtintodaylight；andreadFriedrich’sANSWERS
toVoltaireandthenobleDuchessonit:——forthesakeofwhichTwoprivateCorrespondents，andofFriedrich’srelationtothem，possiblyafewmoreExcerptsmaystillhaveakindofinterest，nowwhenthethingcorrespondedonhasceasedtohaveany。TotheDuchess，anoble—mindedLady，beautifullyzealoustohelpifshecould，bywhosehandthesemultifariousPeace—Papershavetopass，thisisalwaysFriedrich’sfinestyleintransmittingthem。Outofmanyspecimens，followingthatofSaganwhichwegave，herearetheNextThree:——
FRIEDRICHTOTHEDUCHESSOFSACHSEN—GOTHA
（ThreeotherLettersonthe"Peace"）。
1。
"WILSDRUF，21stNovember，1759[dayafterMaxen，SURRENDERwasTHISmorning——ofwhichhehasnotheard]。
"MADAM，——Nothingbutyourgenerositiesandyourindulgencecouldjustifymyincongruity[INCONGRUITE，introublingyouwiththeEnclosed]。Youwillhaveit，Madam，thatIshallstillfartherabusethosebounties，whicharesoprecioustome:atleastrememberthatitisbyyourorder，ifIforwardthroughyourhandthisLetter，whichdoesnotmeritsuchhonor。
"Chance，whichsoinsolentlymockstheprojectsofmen，anddelightstobuildupandthenpulldown，hasledusabout，thusfar，——totheendoftheCampaign[notquiteendedyet，ifweknew]。
TheAustriansaregirtinbytheElbeonthisside；IhavehadtwoimportantMagazinesoftheirsinBohemiadestroyed[Kleist’sdoing]。Therehavebeensomebitsoffighting（AFFAIRES），thathaveturnedentirelytoouradvantage:——sothatIaminhopesofforcingM。DauntorepasstheElbe，toabandonDresden，andtotaketheroadforZittauandBohemia。
"Italktoyou，Madam，ofwhatIamsurroundedwith；ofwhat，beinginyourneighborhood，mayperhapshavegainedyourattention。
Icouldgotomuchgreaterlength，ifmyheartdaredtoexplainitselfonthesentimentsofadmiration，gratitudeandesteem，withwhichIam，——MadammyCousin，——YourmostfaithfulCousin，FriendandServant，——F。"
2。
"FREYBERG，18thDecember，1759。
"MADAM，——Youspoilmesobyyourindulgence，yousoaccustommetohaveobligationstoyou，thatIreproachmyselfahundredtimeswiththispresumption。CertainlyIshouldnotcontinuetoenclosetheseLetterstoyourcare，hadnotIthehopethatperhapstheCorrespondencemaybeofsomeusetoEngland，andeventoEurope，——
forwithoutdoubtPeaceisthedesirable，thenaturalandhappystateforallNations。ItistoacceleratePeace，Madam，thatI
abuseyourgenerosities。Thismotiveexcusesmetomyselffortheincongruityofmyprocedures。
"Thegoodnessyouhavetotakeinterestinmysituationobligesmetogiveyousomeaccountofit。Wehaveundergoneallsortsofmisfortunehere[Maxen，whatnot]，atthemomentwewereleastexpectingthem。Nevertheless，thereremainstouscourageandhope；
hereareAuxiliaries[HereditaryPrinceand12，000]onthepointofarriving；thereisreasontothinkthattheendofourCampaignwillbelessfrightfulthanseemedlikelythreeweeksago。Mayyou，Madam，enjoyallthehappinessthatIwishyou。Mayalltheworldbecomeacquaintedwithyourvirtues，imitatethem，andadmireyouasIdo。Mayyoubepersuadedthat……——F。"
3。
"FREYBERG，16thFebruary，1760。
"MADAM，——ItistomygreatregretthatIimportuneYourHighnesssooftenwithmyLetters。Yourbounties，Madam，havespoiledme；——itwillteachyoutobemorecharyofthemtoothers。IregardyouasanestimableFriend，towhosefriendshipIhaverecourseinstraits。ThequestionisstillPeace，Madam；andwerenottheobjectofmyimportunitiessobeautiful，Madam，Ishouldbeinexcusable。"——Goesthenintopracticalconsiderations，about"Cocceji"（King’sAide—de—Camp，onceKeith’s，whocarriesthisLetter），abouta"HerrvonEdelsheim，"a"BaillideFroulay"，andthepossible"ConditionsofPeace，"——notofconsequencetousjustnow。[OEuvresdeFrederic，xviii。174，173，172。Correspondenceonthissubjectlastsfrom22dSeptember，1759，to8thMay，1760:IB。pp。170—186。InthatfinalLetterof8thMayisthephrase，hardlyworthrestoringtoitsrealownership，thoughthecontextconsiderablyredeemsitthere，——"theprejudiceIcan’tgetridof，that，inwar，DIEUESTPOURLESGROSESCADRONS。"]
AstoVoltaireagain，andthenewFriedrich—VoltaireStyleofCorrespondence，somethingmoreofdetailwillberequisite。
Eversincetheblackdaysof1757，whenpoorWilhelmina，withRossbachandLeuthenstillhiddenfromherinafuturegloomyasdeath，desperatelybroughtVoltairetobearuponCardinalTencininthismatter，withoutsuccess，therehasbeenakindofregularcorrespondingbetweenVoltaireandFriedrich；characteristiconbothsides。ApairofLovershopelesslyestrangedanddivorced；
andyet，inasense，uniqueandpricelesstooneanother。ThePast，fullofheavenlyradiances，whichissued，alas，inflamesandsootyconflagrationsasofErebus，——letusforgetit，andbetaughtbyit！ThePastispainful，andhasbeentoodidactictosomeofus:
butherestillisthePresentwithitsFuture；betterthanblanknothing。Pleasanttohearthesoundofthatdivinevoiceofmylovedone，wereitonlyincommonplaceremarksontheweather，——
perhapsintermixedwithsecretgibingsonmyself:——letushearitwhilewecan，amidthoseworld—widecrashingdiscordsandpipingwhirlwindsofwar。
FriedrichsendshisnewVersesorlightProses，whichheiseverandanonthrowingoff；Voltairesendshis，mostlyinprint，andofmoreelaborateturn:theytalkonmattersthatarepassingroundthem，roundthisKing，thecentreofthem，——Friedrichusuallyinaratherswaggeringway（lesthisCorrespondentthinkofblabbing），andalwayswithsomethingofbanteraudibleinhim；——ashasVoltairetoo，butinafinerTREBLEtone，beingalwaysfemaleinthisprettyduetofpartedlovers。Itrarelycomestoanyscoldingbetweenthem；butthereisorcanbenothingofcordiality。
Nothing，exceptinthemutualadmiration，whichoneperceivestobesincereonbothsides；andalso，inthemutualpracticalestrangement:"Nothingmoreofyou，——especiallyofYOU，Madam，——asapracticaldomesticarticle！"
Afterlongreading，withHistoricalviews，inthisfinalsectionoftheFriedrich—VoltaireCorrespondence，atfirstsobarrenotherwiseandoflittleentertainment，onefindsthatthistoo，whenonceyouCAN"read"it（thatistosay，whenthesceneanditsdetailsarevisibletoyou），becomeshighlydramatic，Shakspearean—comicormore，forthisisNature’sself，whofarexcelsevenShakspeare；——
andthattheinextricablydarkconditionoftheseLettersisareallosstotheingenuousreader，andespeciallytothestudentofFriedrich。Amongthefrequentlyrecurringtopics，onethatoftenestturnsuponVoltaire’ssideisthatofPeace:Oh，ifyourMajestywouldbutmakePeace！Doesitdependonme？thinksFriedrichalways；andis，atlast，onceprovokedtosayso:——
FRIEDRICHTOVOLTAIRE。
"REICH—HENNERSDORF，2dJuly，1759，[shortlybeforeSchmottseifen，whilewaitingDaun’sslowmovements]。
"AskingMEforPeace:thereisabitterjoke！——[Inverse，this；
flingsoffahandfulofcrackersontheBIEN—AIME，whoseChamberlainyouare，ontheHONGROISEQUI’ILADORE，ontheRussianQUEJ’ABHORRE；——thencontinuesinprose]:
"Itistohim，"theWell—belovedLouis，"thatyoumustaddressyourself，ortohisAmboiseinPetticoats[hisPompadour，actingtheCardinal—Premieronthisoccasion]。Butthesepeoplehavetheirheadsfilledwithambitiousprojects:thesepeoplearethedifficulty；theywishtobethesovereignarbitersofsovereigns；——
andthatiswhatpersonsofmywayofthinkingwillbynomeansputupwith。IlovePeacequiteasmuchasyoucouldwish；butIwantitgood，solidandhonorable。SocratesorPlatowouldhavethoughtasIdoonthissubject，hadtheyfoundthemselvesplacedintheaccursedpositionwhichisnowmineintheworld。
"Thinkyouthereisanypleasureinleadingthisdogofalife[CHIENNE，she—dog]？Inseeingandcausingthebutcheryofpeopleyouknownothingof；inlosingdailythoseyoudoknowandlove；
inseeingperpetuallyyourreputationexposedtothecapricesofchance；inpassingyearafteryearindisquietudesandapprehensions；inrisking，withoutend，yourlifeandyourfortune？
"Iknowrightwellthevalueoftranquillity，thesweetsofsociety，thecharmsoflife；andIlovetobehappy，asmuchasanybodywhatever。ButmuchasIdesiretheseblessings，Iwillnotpurchasethembybasenessesandinfamies。Philosophyenjoinsustodoourduty；faithfullytoserveourCountry，atthepriceofourblood，ofourrepose，andofeverysacrificethatcanberequiredofus。TheillustriousZADIGwentthroughagoodmanyadventureswhichwerenottohistaste，CANDIDEthelike；andneverthelesstooktheirmisfortuneinpatience。Whatfinerexampletofollowthanthatofthoseheroes？
"Takemyword，our’curtjackets，’asyoucallthem[HABITS
ECOURTES，peculiartothePrussiansoldieratthattime]，areasgoodasyourredheels，astheHungarianpelisses，andthegreenfrocksoftheRoxelans[Russians]。Weareactuallyontheheelsofthelatter[atleastpoorDohnais，andpoorDictatorWedellwillbe，notwiththeeffectanticipated！]——whobytheirstupiditiesgiveusfinechance。YouwillseeIshallgetoutofthescrapethisYeartoo，anddelivermyselfbothfromtheGreensandtheDirty—Whites[Austriancolorofcoat]。MyneighboroftheSacredHat，——Ithink，inspiteofHolyFather’sbenediction，theHolyGhostmusthaveinspiredhimthereverseway；heseemstohaveagreatdealofleadinhisbottom……F。"[OEuvresdeFrederic，xxiii。53。]
VOLTAIREINANSWER。
"THEDELICES，"guessedtobesometimein"August，1759。"
"Inwhateverstateyouare，itisverycertainthatyouareagreatman。ItisnottowearyyourMajestythatInowwrite；itistoconfessmyself，——onconditionyouwillgivemeabsolution！
Ihavebetrayedyou；thatisthefact"——（reallyguiltythistime，andHAVEshownsomethingofyourwriting；asyourMajesty，ohhowunjustly，isoftensuspectingthatIdo，andwithmischievousintention，insteadofgood，ah，Sire！）——Infact，Ihavereceivedthatfine"MARCUS—AURELIUS"Letter（Letterwehavejustread）；
exquisitePiece，thoughwithbiting"JUVENAL"qualitiesinittoo；
andhaveshownit，keepingbackthebitingparts，toabeautifulgillflirtoftheCourt，MINAUDIERE（whoseemstobeaMistressofChoiseul’s），whoishereattendingTissotforherhealth:
MINAUDIEREcharmedwithit；insistsonmysendingtoChoiseul，"HeadmirestheKingofPrussia，ashedoesallnoblenessandgenius；
sendit！"AndIdidso；——andlookhere，whatanAnswerfromChoiseul（Answerlost）:andmayitnothaveafineeffect，andperhapsbringPeace——Oh，forgiveme，Sire。ButreadthatNoteofthegreatman。"Tryifyoucandecipherhiswriting。Onemayhaveveryhonestsentiments，andagreatdealofESPRIT，andyetwritelikeacat……
"Sire，therewasoncealionandamouse（RAT）；themousefellinlovewiththelion，andwenttopayhimcourt。Thelion，tiredofit，gavehimalittlescrapewithhispaw。Themousewithdrewintohismouse—hole（SOURICIERE）；buthestilllovedthelion；
andseeingonedayanettheywerespreadingouttocatchthelionandkillhim，hegnawedasunderonemeshofit。Sire，themousekissesveryhumblyyourbeautifulclaws，inallsubmissiveness:——hewillneverdiebetweentwoCapuchins，as，atBale，themastiff（DOGUE）ofSt。Malohasdone[27thJulylast]。Hewouldhavewishedtodiebesidehislion。Believethatthemousewasmoreattachedthanthemastiff。"——V。[OEuvresdeFrederic，
xxiii。59，60。]
TowhichwesawtheAnswer，pairofAnswers，atSagan，inSeptemberlast。ThisNotefromChoiseul，conveyedbyVoltaire，appearstohavebeenthetriflingwell—springfromwhichallthosewide—spreadwatersofNegotiationflowed。Pitt，whenappliedto，onthestrengthofFriedrich’shopesfromthissmallDocumentofChoiseul’s，wasofcourseready，"HowwelcomeeverychanceofajustPeace！"andagreedtotheJointDeclarationattheHague；
andtookwhatfarthertroubleIknownot，——probablylesssanguineofsuccessthanFriedrich。Friedrichwasardentlyindustriousintheaffair；hadagreatdealofdevisinganddirectingonit，agreatdealofcorrespondingwithVoltaireandtheDuchess，onlysmallfractionsofwhicharenowleft。Hesearchedout，ortheDuchessofSachsen—Gothadiditforhim，aproperSecretMessengerforParis:SecretMessenger，oneBaronvonEdelsheim，properlyveiled，wastoconsultacertainBaillideFroulay，afriendofFriedrich’sinParis；——whichloyal—heartedBaillididaccordinglyendeavorthere；butmadeoutnothing。Onlymuchvaguetalking；
partofit，ormostofit，subdolousonChoiseul’sside。PittwouldhearofnoPeacewhichdidnotincludePrussiaaswellasEngland:
somesaidthiswasthecauseoffailure；——therealcausewasthatChoiseulneverhadanyseriousintentionofsucceeding。
LightChoiseul，acleverman，butanunwise，ofthesortcalled"dashing，"hadentertainedthemattermerelyintheoptativeform，——andwhenitcamenearer，wishedtouseitformakingmischiefbetweenPittandFriedrich，andforwormingoutEdelsheim’ssecrets，ifhehadany，——forwhichreasonhefinallythrewEdelsheimintotheBastilleforafewdays。[OEuvresdeFrederic，v。38—41，detailedaccountoftheAffair。]
AbouttheendofMarchIguessittohavebeenthatChoiseul，bywayofwormingoutpoorEdelsheim’ssecrets，flunghimintotheBastilleforadayortwo。AlreadyinDecemberforegoing，wehaveseenChoiseul’sBlack—ArtistbusyupontheStolenEDITIONofFriedrich’sVerses。AChoiseulfullofintrigues；adroitenough，ambitiousenough；restlesslyindustriousinmakingmischief，iftherewerenothingelsetobemade；whogreatlydisgustedFriedrich，nowandafterwards。
AndthiswaswhatthegrandVoltairePacificationcameto，thoughitfilledtheworldwithtemporarynoise，andwassointerestingtoVoltaireandanother。Whataheart—affectinggenerosity，humilityanddulcetpathosinthatofthepoorMousegnawingasunderameshoftheLion’snet！Thereisagooddealofthatthroughout，ontheVoltaireside，——thatistosay，whilewritingtoFriedrich。
Butwhilewritingofhim，tothirdparties，sometimesalmostsimultaneously，thecontrastofstylesisnotalittlestartling；
andthebeautifulaffectionatelychirpingMouseisseensuddenlytobeaninjuredWild—catwithitsfurup。AllreadersofVoltaireareawareofthis；andhowVoltairehandleshis"LUC"（mysteriousnicknameforKINGFRIEDRICH），whenLuc’sbackisturned。Foralas，thereisnomanorthingbuthasitswrongsidetoo；leastofall，aVoltaire，——doingTREBLEvoicewithal，ifyouconsiderit，insuchaDuetofestrangedLovers！SupposewegivethesefewSpecimens，——
treblemostly，andafewofbassaswell，——toillustratethenatureofthisDuet，andofthenoisesthatwentonroundit，inawar—
convulsedworld？Andfirstofall，concerningtheenigma"WhatisLuc？"
WhattheLUCinVoltaireis？Shockingexplanationshavebeenhitupon:butWagniere（WAGNER，anintelligentSwissman），Voltaire’soldSecretary，givesthisplainreadingoftheriddle:"M。deVoltairehad，atTheDelices[nearbyFerney，tilltheChateaugotbuilt]，abigApe，ofexcessivelymischievousturn；whousedtothrowstonesatthepassers—by，andsometimeswouldattackwithitsteethfriendorfoealike。OnedayitthriceoverbitM。deVoltaire’sownleg。HehadcalleditLUC（Luke）；andinconversationwithselectfriends，asalsoinLetterstosuch，hesometimesdesignatedtheKingofPrussiabythatnickname:’HEislikemyLuchere；biteswhoevercaresseshim！’——In1756M。deVoltaire，havingstillonhishearttheFrankfurtOutrage，wrotecuriousMEMOIRES[ah，yes，VIEPRIVEE]；andafterwardswishedtoburnthem；butaCopyhadbeenstolenfromhimin1768，"——andtheystillafflictthepoorworld。
TothesameeffectspeaksJohannesvonMuller:"VoltairehadanApecalledLuc；andthespitefulman，inthusnamingtheKing，meanttostigmatizehimasthemereAPEofgreatermen；asonewithoutanygreatnessofhisown。"——No；LUCwasmischievous，flungstonesafterpassengers；had，accordingtoClogenson，"bittenVoltairehimself，whilebeingcaressedbyhim；"thatwastheanalogyinVoltaire’smind。Preusssays，thisNicknamefirstoccurs"12thDecember，1757。"Suppose11thDecembertohavebeenthedayofgettingone’slegbittenthriceover；andthat，inbednextmorning，——stiff，smarting，fretfulagainstthesadape—tricksandoffencesofthislife，——beforegettinguptoone’sWorksandCorrespondences，theangrysimilitudehadshot，slightlyfulgurousandconsolatory，athwartthegloomofone’smood？[LongchampetWagniere
Memoires，i。34；JohannesvonMuller，Works（12mo，Stuttgard，1821），xxxi。140（LETTERSTOHIS
BROTHER，No，218，"July，1796"）；Clogenson’sNote，in
OEuvresdeVoltaire，lxxvii。103；Preuss，ii。71。]
ThatwillaccountforLuc。
ManyoftheVoltaire—FriedrichLETTERSarelost；andtheremainderlieinsaddisorderinalltheEditions，theirsequenceunintelligiblewithoutlengthyexplanation。SothatthefollowingSnatchescannotwellbearrangedhereinthewayofChoralStropheandAntistrophe，aswouldhavebeendesirable。Weshallhavetogroupthemlooselyunderheads；withlessrespecttodatethantosubject—matter，andtothereader’sconvenienceforunderstandingthem。
VOLTAIREONFRIEDRICH，TODIFFERENTTHIRD—PARTIES，DURINGTHISWAR。
TOD’ARGENTAL（HasnotyetheardofLEUTHEN，whichhappenedfivedaysbefore）……"IhavetastedthevengeanceofconsolingtheKingofPrussia，andthatisenoughforme。Hegoesbeatingontheoneside，andgettingbeatenontheother:exceptforanothermiracle[likeRossbach]，hewillberuined。Betterhavereallybeenaphilosopher，ashepretendedtobe。"[OEuvresdeVoltaire，lxvii。139（"TheDelices，10thDecember，1757"）。]
TOTHEREVERENDCOMTEDEBERNIS（outwardlystillourflourishingPrime—Minister，bygraceofPompadour，butsoontobeextinguishedunderaRedHat。DateissixdaysbeforeZORNDORF）……"IcannotimaginehowsomepeoplehavegoneintosuspectingthatmyheartmighthavetheweaknesstoleanalittletowardsWHOMyouknow，towardsmyIngratethatwas！Oneisboundtohavepoliteness；
butonehasmemoryaswell；——andoneisattached，aswarmlyassuperfluously，totheGoodCause，whichitbelongsonlytoyoutodefend。Certainitis，poorIamnotlikethethree—fourthsoftheGermansinthesedays[sinceROSSBACH，aboveall]！IhaveeverywhereseenLadies’—fanswiththePrussianEaglepaintedonthem，eatingtheFLEUR—DE—LIS；theHanoverHorsegivingakicktoM。deRichelieu’sbottom；aCouriercarryingabottleofQueen—of—
HungaryWatertoMadamedePompadour。MyNiecesshallcertainlynothavethatfashionofFans，atmypoorlittleDELICES，whitherIamjustreturning。"[Ib。lxxvii。35（"Soleure，19thAugust，1758"）。]
TOMADAMED’ARGENTAL（onoccasionofMINDEN:Kunersdorfthreedaysago，butnotyetheardof）……"Truly，Madame，whenM。deContadesleadstothebutcheryallthedescendantsofourancientchevaliers，andsetsthemtoattackeightypiecesofcannon[notintheleast，ifyouknewit；thereverse，ifyouknewit]，——asDonQuixotedidthewindmills！Thishorribledaypiercesmysoul。IamFrenchtoexcess，especiallysincethosenewfavors[notworthmentioninghere]，whichIowetomydivineAngelsandtoM。leDucdeChoiseul。
"Luc——youknowwhoLucis[asdowe]——isprobablygivingBattletotheAustriansandRussians[KUNERSDORF，12th；threedaysago，didit，andwasbeatentoyourmind]，atthemomentwhileIhavethehonorofwritingtoyou；atleast，hetoldmesuchwashisRoyalintention。Iftheybeathim，asmayhappen，whatashameforustohavebeenbeatenbytheDukeofBrunswick！IwishyouknewthisDuke[asIhavedone；aDukeofnoESPRIT，nogiftoftongue，infactnotalentatallthatIcoulddiscern]，youwouldbemuchastonished；andwouldsay，’Thepeoplewhomhebeatsmustbegreatblockheads。’Thetruthofthefactis，thatallthesetroopsarebetterdisciplinedthanours:"[OEuvresdeVoltaire，lxxviii，186，187（"Delices，15thAugust，1759"）。]——Yesindeed，myesteemedVoltaire；andalso，perhaps，thatESPRIT，orgiftoftongue，isnotthesolegiftforBattlesandCampaigns？——
TOD’ARGENTAL（seventhdayafterKUNERSDORF:"mouseuponlion’snet"nearlycontemporaneous）。"Atlast，then，IthinkmyRussiansmustbenearGreatGlogau[mighthavebeen，onethinks，aftersuchaKunersdorf；didnotstartforamonthyet；nevercouldgetverynearatall]。WhowouldhavethoughtthatBarberina[Mackenzie’sDanceronce；senttoGlogau，Coccejiandshe，whentheirmarriagebecamepublic}wasgoingtobebesiegedbytheRussians，andinGlogau:ODestiny！——
"Idon’tloveLuc，farfromit:IneverwillpardonhimhisinfamousprocedurewithmyNiece[atFrankfurtthattime]；northefacehehastowritemeflatteringthingstwiceamonth；
withouthavingeverrepairedhiswrongs。Idesiremuchhisentirehumiliation，thechastisementofthesinner；whetherhiseternaldamnation。Idon’tquiteknow。"[Ib。lxxviii。195（"19thAugust，1759"）。]（Hear，hear！）
TOTHESAME（amonthafterMAXEN:"Peace"Negotiationverylively）……"Meanwhile，ifLuccouldbepunishedbeforethishappyPeace！
If，bythislaststrokeofGeneralBeck[tusslewithDiereckeatMeissen，4thDecember，captureofDiereckeand1，500；strokenotofanoverwhelmingnature，butletusbethankfulforourmercies]，whichhasopenedtheroadfromtheLausitztoBerlin[alas，notintheleast]，someHaddickcouldpayBerlinavisitagain！Yousee，inTragedyIwishalwaystohavecrimepunished。
"ThereistalkofagreatBattlefoughtthe6th[notawordoftruthinit]betweenLucandhimoftheConsecratedHat:saidtohavebeenverymurderous。IinterestmyselfverymuchinthisPiece"nowplayingundertheSun。"WhenevertheAustrianshaveanyadvantage，KaunitzsaystoMadamedeBentinck[litigantwanderingLady，knowntomeatBerlinandelsewhere]，’WritethattoourFriendVoltaire。’WheneverLuchastheleastsuccess，hetellsme，’Ihavebatteredtheoppressorsofmankind。DearAngel，inthesehorrorsIamtheonlyonethathasroomtolaugh:——andyetIdon’tlaugheither；owingtotheCULS—NOIRS[basecrockery；one’sDinnerPlateallvanished[Supra，p。374。]]，totheAnnuities，Lotteries，andtoPondicherry，——forIamalwaysafraidaboutthatlatter！"
（Going，that，forcertain；going，gone，andyourEastIndiesalongwithit！）[OEuvresdeVoltaire，lxxviii。346
（"22dDecember，1759"）。]
TOPERPETUALSECRETARYFORMEY（inforwardinga"Letterleftwithme"）。"Healthandpeace，Monsieur；andbeSECRETAIREETERNEL。
YourKingisalwaysamanunique，astonishing，inimitable。Hemakescharmingverses，intimeswhenanothercouldnotwritealineofprose；hedeservestobehappy:butwillhebeso？Andifnot，whatbecomesofyou？Formyownpart，IwillnotdiebetweentwoCapuchins。Hardlyworthwhile，exaltingone’ssoulforsuchafutureasthat。Whatastupidanddetestablefarcethisworldis！"
[Ib。lxxviii。348（fromSOUVENIRSD’UNCITOYEN，i。302），"11thJanuary1760。"]
TOD’ARGENTAL（"Peace"Negotiationsstillattheirbriskest），……
"But，mydearAngel，youwillseeonTuesdaythegreatmanwhohasturnedmyhead（DONTJESUISFOU），M。leDucdeChoiseul。
TheLettershehonorsmewithenchantme。Godwillblesshim，don’tdoubtit，"——afterall！"WehaveatPondicherryaLally，adevilofanIrishspirit，——whowillcostme，soonerorlater，above20，000
livresannually[haverentsinourINDIACOMPANY，say1，000poundsayear，asmyAngelsknow]，whichusedtobethereadiestitemofmyPittance。ButM。leDucdeChoiseulwilltriumphoverLucinonewayorother；thenwhatjoy！Isupposeheshowsyoumyimpertinentreveries。Doyouknow，Lucissomad，thatIdon’tdespairofbringinghimtoreason[persuadinghimtogiveupCleve，andknuckleasheshould，inthisPeaceAffair]。ThatwerewhatI
shouldcallthetrueComedy！IshouldliketohaveyouradvicesontheconductofthatDramaticPiece。"[OEuvresdeVoltaire，lxxviii。375（"Delices，15thFebruary，1760"）。]
Thelate"mouse"gnawingitsmeshofnet，whatasubtleandmightyhunterhasitgrown！ThisofCleve，however，andofknuckling，wouldnotdo。HearthestiffAnswerthatcomes:"’ConditionsofPeace，’doyoucallthem？ThepeoplethatproposesuchcanhavenowishtoseePeace。Whatalogictheirs！’ImightyieldtheCountryofCleve，becausetheinhabitantsarestupid’！WhatwouldyourMinisterssayifonerequiredtheProvinceofChampagnefromthem，becausetheProverbsays，Ninety—ninesheepandoneChampagnermakeaHundredheadofcattle？"[FriedrichtoVoltaire，"Freyberg，3dApril，1760:"OEuvresdeFrederic，xxiii。
73，74。]
FAULTONCDISC——REFERENCE/FOOTNOTEILLEGIBLE——P。394—BOOKXIX————
—————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
AGAINTOD’ARGENTAL（threeorfourmonthsafter；Luchavingprovedobstinate，andstillunsuccessful）……"Iconjureyoumakeuseofallyoureloquencetotellhim[thesupremeDucdeChoiseul]，thatifLucmisgo，itwillbenomisfortunetoFrance。ThatBrandenburgwillalwaysremainanElectorate；thatitisgoodtherebenoElectorinitstrongenoughtodowithouttheprotectionofourKing；andthatallthePrincesoftheEmpirewillalwayshaverecoursetothataugustprotection（MostChristianMajesty’s]
CONTRAL’AQUILAGRIFAGNA，——werethePrussianKingshipbutabolished。Notabene，ifLucwerediscomfitedthisYear，weshouldhavePeacenextWinter。"[OEuvresdeVoltaire，lxxix。110（"July，1760"）。]
TOSUPREMECHOISEUL（ayearlater）……"Hehasbeenabadman，thisLuc；andnow，ifoneweretobet，——bythelawofprobabilityitwouldbe3to1thatLncwillgotopot（SERAPERDU），withhisrhymingsandhisbanterings，andhisinjusticesandpolitics，allasbadashimself。"[Ib。lxxx。313（"ChateaudeFerney，13thJuly，1761"）。]
VOLTAIREONSURROUNDINGOBJECTS，CHIEFLYONMAUPERTUIS，ANDTHEBATTLES。
TOD’ALEMBERT（intheRossbach—Leutheninterval:ontheBattleofBRESLAU，22dNovember，1757；calledbytheAustrians"aMalplaquet，"andbelievedbyVoltairetobeaMalplaquetandmore）……"TheAustriansdoavengeus，andhumbleus[us，andourmiserableRossbachs]，inaterriblemanner。ThirteenattacksonthePrussianintrenchments，lastedsixhours；neverwasVictorybloodier，ormorehorriblybeautiful[inthebrainofcertainmen]。
WeprettyFrenchfellows，wearemoreexpeditious，ourjobisdoneinfiveminutes。TheKingofPrussiaisalwayswritingmeVerses，nowlikeadesperado，nowlikeahero；andasforme，Itrytolivelikeaphilosopherinmyhermitage。Hehasobtainedwhathealwayswished:tobeattheFrench，tobeadmiredbythem，tomockthem；
buttheAustriansaremockinghiminaveryseriousway。OurshameofNovember5thhasgivenhimglory；andwithsuchglory，whichisbuttransientanddearlybought，hemustcontenthimself。HewilllosehisownCountries，withthosehehasseized，unlesstheFrenchagaindiscover[whichtheywill]thesecretoflosingalltheirArmies，astheydidin1741。"[Ib。Lxxvii。133，134（"Delices，6thDecember，1757，"dayafterLeuthen）。]
——FAULTONCDISCASABOVE——P。395BOOKXIX———————
TOCLAIRAUT，THEMATHEMATICIAN（Maupertuislatelydead）。AnexcellentTreatise，thisyouhavesentme，Monsieur！"YourwarwiththeGeometersonthesubjectofthisCometappearstomelikeawarofthegodsinOlympus，whileonEarththereisgoingonafightofdogsandcats……WouldtoHeavenourfriendMoreau—Maupertuishadcultivatedhisartlikeyou！Thathehadpredictedcomets，insteadofexaltinghissoultopredictthefuture；ofdissectingthebrainsofgiantstoknowthenatureofthesoul；ofjapanningpeoplewithpitchtocurethemofeverymalady；ofpersecutingKonig；andofdyingbetweenTwoCapuchins"（deadthreeweeksago，onthoseterms，poorsoul）！[OEuvresdeVoltaire，lxxviii。191（"Delices，19thAugust，1759"）。]
TOD’ALEMBERT（aweeklater）……"WhatsayyouofMaupertuisdyingbetweenTwoCapuchins！Hewasill，thislongwhile，ofarepletionofpride；butIhadnotreckonedhimeitherahypocriteoranimbecile。Idon’tadviseyouevertogoandfillhisplaceatBerlin；youwouldrepentthat。IamAstolphowarningRoger（Ruggiero）nottotrusthimselftotheEnchantressAlcina；butRogerwasunadvisable。"[Ib。lxxviii。197（"Delices，25thAugust，1759"）。]
TOTHESAME（twoyearslater:Luc，oncertaingrounds，mayaswellbesaved）。"WithregardtoLuc，thoughIhavemyjustcausesofangeragainsthim，Iowntoyou，inmyqualityofFrenchmanandthinkingbeing，IamgladthatacertainmostOrthodoxHousehasnotswallowedGermany，andthattheJesuitsarenotconfessinginBerlin。OvertowardstheDanubesuperstitionisverypowerful……
TheINFAME——YouarewellawarethatIspeakofsuperstitiononly；
forastotheChristianreligion，Irespectandloveit，likeyou。
Courage，Brethren！Preachwithforce，andwritewithaddress:
Godwillblessyou。——Protect，youmyBrother，theWidowCalasallyoucan！Sheisapoorweak—mindedHuguenot，butherHusbandwasthevictimoftheWHITEPENITENTS。ItistheconcernofHumanNaturethattheFanaticsofToulousebeconfounded。"（ThecaseofCalas，SECONDactofit，gettingonthescene:acasestillmemorabletoeverybody。StupendousbitofFrenchjudicature；andVoltaire’snoblestoutburst，intomeretranscendentblazeofpity，virtuouswrath，anddeterminationtobringrescueandhelpagainstthewholeworld。）[OEuvresdeVoltaire，
lxxviii。52，53（"Ferney，28thNovember，1762"）。]
FRIEDRICHTOVOLTAIRE，BEFOREANDDURINGTHESEPEACENEGOTIATIONS。
ATSCHMOTTSEIFEN，FIVEDAYSBEFOREZULLICHAU，TENDAYSBEFORETHAT
HUNTOFLOUDONANDHADDICK（Voltaire，underrebukeforindiscretion，hasbeenwhimperingalittle。MydiscreetNieceburntthoseLASTverses，Sire；nodangerthere，atleast！TruculentBishopSomething—ACtriedtoattackyourMajesty；butwasdoneforbyacertainperson）。Friedrichanswers:"Intruth，youareasingularcreature。WhenIthinkofscoldingyou，yousaytwowords，andthereproachexpires。Impossibletoscoldyou，evenwhenyoudeserveit……
"AstoyourNiece，letherburnmeorroastme，Icarelittle。
NorareyoutothinkmesosensitivetowhatyourBishopsinICorinACmaysayofme。Ihavethelotofallactorswhoplayinpublic；applaudedbysome，despisedbyothers。Onemustprepareoneselfforsatires，forcalumnies，foramultitudeoflies，whichwillbesentabroadintocurrencyagainstone:butneedthattroublemytranquillity？Igomyroad；Idonothingagainsttheinteriorvoiceofmyconscience；andIconcernmyselfverylittleinwhatwaymyactionspaintthemselvesinthebrainofbeings，notalwaysverythinking，withtwolegsandwithoutfeathers。"
["Schmottseifen，18thJuly，1759；"OEuvresdeFrederic，xxiii。55，56。]
ATWILSDRUF，JUSTBEFOREMAXEN（anexultantexuberantcuriousLetter；toolongforinsertion，——partofitgivenabove）……
"ForyourTragedyofSOCRATE，thanks。AtParistheyaregoingtoburnit，thewretchedfools，——notawarethatabsurdfanaticismistheirdominantvice。Betterburnthedoseofmedicine，however，thantheusefulDoctor。I，canIjoinmyselftothatset？IfIbiteyou，asyoucomplain，itiswithoutmyknowledge。ButIamsurroundedwithenemies，onehittingme，anotherprickingme，anotherdaubingmewithmud；——patienceatlastyields，andonefliesabroadintoageneralrage，tooindiscriminateperhaps。"
YoutalkofmyVersesonRossbach（myADIEUTOTHEHOOPERSonfindingtheirBridgeburnt[Supra，p。21。]）。"ThisCampaignIhavehadnobeatificvision，inthestyleofMoses。ThebarbarousCossacksandTartars，infamoustolookatonanyside，haveburntandravagedcountries，andcommittedatrociousinhumanities。
ThisisallIsawofTHEM。Suchmelancholyspectaclesdon’ttendtoraiseone’sspirits。[Breaksoffintometre:]LAFORTUNE
INCONSTANTEETFIERE，Fortuneinconstantandproud。DoesnottreathersuitorsAlwaysinanequalmanner。Thosefoolscalledheroes，whorunthecountry，Cesfousnommesheros，etquicourentleschamps，Couvertsdesangetdepoussiere，Voltaire，n’ontpastouslesansLafaceurdevoirlederriereDeleursennemisinsolents。
Can’texpectthatpleasureeveryyear"！……
Maupertuis，sayyou？"Don’ttroubletheashesofthedead；letthegraveatleastputanendtoyourunjusthatreds。ReflectthatevenKingsmakepeaceafterlongbattling；cannotyouevermakeit？
Ithinkyouwouldbecapable，likeOrpheus，ofdescendingtoHell，nottosoftenPlutoandbringbackyourbeautifulEmilie，buttopursueintothatAbodeofWoeanenemywhomyourwrathhasonlytoomuchpersecutedintheworld:forshame！"[OEuvresdeFrederic，xxiii。61—65（"Wilsdruf，17thNovember，1759"）。]——andrebukeshim，morethanonceelsewhere，inveryseriousterms。
INWINTER—QUARTERS，ONPEACEANDTHESTOLENEDITION。（Startsinverse，whichweabridge:）WithhowmanylaurelsyouhavecoveredyourselfinallthefieldsofLiterature！OnelaurelyetiswantingtothebrowofVoltaire。If，asthecrownofsomanyperfectworks，hecouldbyaskilfulmanoeuvrebringbackPeace，I，andEuropewithme，wouldthinkthathismasterpiece！[Takestoprose:]
"ThisismythoughtandallEurope’s。VirgilmadeasfineVersesasyou；buthenevermadeaPeace。ItwillbeadistinctionyouwillhaveoverallyourbrethrenofParnassus，ifyousucceed。
"Iknownotwhohasbetrayedme，andthoughtofprinting[theEDITION；——notyou，surely！]apackofrhapsodieswhichweregoodenoughtoamusemyself，butwerenevermeantforpublication。
Afterall，Iamsousedtotreacheriesandbadmanoeuvres，"——whatmattersthisinsignificantone？
"IknownotwhotheBredowis[whomyouspeakofhavingmet]；
buthehastoldyoutrue。Theswordanddeathhavemadefrightfulravagesamongus。Andtheworstis，wearenotyetattheendofthetragedy。Youmayjudgewhateffectthesecruelshocksmadeonme。Iwrapmyselfinmystoicism，thebestIcan。Fleshandbloodrevoltagainstsuchtyrannouscommand；butitmustbefollowed。
Ifyousawme，youwouldscarcelyknowmeagain:Iamold，broken，gray—headed，wrinkled；Iamlosingmyteethandmygayety:ifthisgoon，therewillbenothingofmeleft，butthemaniaofmakingverses，andaninviolableattachmenttomydutiesandtothefewvirtuousmenwhomIknow。"[OEuvresdeFrederic，xxiii。69（"Freyberg，24thFeb。1760"）。]
INWINTER—QUARTERS，AMONTHLATER（comesstillon"Peace"again）……"Iwillhaveyoupaidthatbitofdebt[perhapsofpostageorthelike]，thatLouisoftheMill（LouisduMoulin，"atFontenoy，whogotuponaWindmillwithhisDauphin，andcaughtthatnicknamefromthecommonmen）"mayhavewherewithaltomakewaronme。
Addtenth—pennytaxtoyourtaxoftwentieth—penny；imposenewcapitations，maketitularofficestogetmoney；do，inaword，whateveryoulike。Inspiteofallyourefforts，youwillnotgetaPeacesignedbymyhands，exceptonconditionshonorabletomyNation。Yourpeople，blownupwithself—conceitandfolly，maydependonthesewords。Adieu，livehappy；andwhileyoumakeallyoureffortstodestroyPrussia，thinkthatnobodyhaslessdeserveditthanI，eitherofyouorofyourFrench。"[Ib。xxiii。
72（"Freyberg，20thMarch，1760"）。]
STILLINWINTER—QUARTERS（on"Peace"still；butbeginswith"Maupertuis，"whichisallwewillgive）。"WhatrageanimatesyouagainstMaupertuis？YouaccuseHIMofhavingpublishedthatFurtiveEDITION。KnowthathisCopy，wellsealedbyhim，arrivedhereafterhisdeath，andthathewasincapableofsuchanindiscretion。
[Breaksintoverse:]
LeaveinpeacethecoldashesofMaupertuis:
Truthcandefendhim，andwill。
Hissoulwasfaithfulandnoble:
HepardonedyouthatscandalousAkakia（CEVILLIBELLE
QUEVOTREFUREURCRIMINELLE
PRITSOINCHEZMOIDEGRIFFONER）；hedid:——
Andyou？ShameonsuchdeliriumasVoltaire’s！
What，thisbeautiful，what，thisgrandgenius，WhomIadmiredwithtransport，Soilshimselfwithcalumny，andisferociousonthedead？
Flockingtogether，intheairutteringcriesofjoy，Vileravenspouncedownuponsepulchres，Andmaketheirpreyofcorpses:"——
Blush，repent，alas！
TheseSpecimenswillsuffice。"TheKingofPrussia？"Voltairewouldsometimessay:"HeisaspotentandasmalignantastheDevil；
butheisalsoasunhappy，notknowingfriendship，"——havingsuchachance，too，withsomeofus！
FRIEDRICHHASSENTLORDMARISCHALTOSPAIN:OTHERFONDHOPESOFFRIEDRICH’S。
InthebeginningofthisYear，1759，EarlMarischalhadbeencalledoutofhisNeufchatelstagnancy，andlaunchedintotheDiplomaticfieldagain；sentonmissionintoSpain，namely。Thecasewasthis:
FerdinandVI。ofSpain（hewhowouldnotpayFriedrichtheoldSpanishdebt，butsenthimmerinorams，andajarofQueen—Dowagersnuff）hadfallenintooneofhisgloomyfits，andwasthoughttobedying；——did，infact，die，inastatenearlymad，onthe10thAugustfollowing。ByTreatyofAix—la—Chapelle，andbyallmannerofTreaties，CarlosofNaples，hisHalf—Brother（Termagant’sBabyCarlos，whomweallknew），wastosucceedhiminSpain；DonPhilip，thenextBrother，nowofParmaandPiacenza，wastofollowasKinginNaples，——cedingthosetwolitigiousDuchiestoAustria，afterall。Friedrich，vividlyawaketoeverychance，foresaw，incaseofsuchdisjuncturesinItaly，goodlikelihoodofquarrelthere。
AndhasdespatchedtheexperiencedoldMarischaltobeontheground，andhavehiseyesopen。MarischalknowsSpainverywell；
andhasoftensaid，"Heleftadearoldfriendthere，theSun。"
Marischalwasunderway，aboutNew—year’stime；butlingeredbytheroad，waitinghowFerdinandwouldturn，——andhavingwithalanimportantbusinessofhisown，ashesaunteredon。Didnotarrive，Ithink，tillSummerwasathand，andhisdearOldFriendcomingoutinvigor。
August10th，1759，Ferdinanddied；andthesamedayCarlosbecameKingofSpain。But，insteadofgivingNaplestoDonPhilip，CarlosgaveittoajuniorSonofhisown；andleftpoorPhiliptocontenthimselfwithParmaandPiacenza，asheretofore。ClearagainsttherightsofAustria；TreatyofAix—la—Chapelleisperfectlyexplicitonthatpoint！WillnotAustriavindicateitsclaim？Politicianssay，AustriamighthaverecoverednotonlyParmaandPiacenza，butthekingdomofNaplesitself，——noFranceatpresentabletohinderit，noSpaineverable。ButAustria，contrarytoexpectation，wouldnot:aCountrytenaciousenoughofitsrights，realandimaginary；
greedyenoughofItaly，butofSilesiamuchmore！ThematterwasdeliberatedinCouncilatVienna；buttheresultwasmagnanimously，No。"FinishthisFriedrichfirst；finishthisSilesia。Nothingelsetillthat！"
TheMarischal’slegationaryfunction，therefore，provedasinecure；
noCarlosneedingAnti—AustrianassistancefromFriedrichoranother；Austriamagnanimouslyhavinglethimalone。DoubtlessaconsiderabledisappointmenttoFriedrich。IndustriousFriedrichhadtried，ontheothersideofthisaffair，WhethertheKingofSardinia，onceanadventurousfightingkindofman，couldnotbestirredup，havinginterestsinvolved？Butno；hetoo，grownold，devotional，apprehensive，heldbyhisrosaries，andanswered，No。
Hereisagainahopereasonabletolookat，butwhichprovesfallacious。
MarischalcontinuedinSpain，corresponding，sendingnews（thePrussianArchivesaloneknowwhat），fornearlyacoupleofyears。
[Returned"April，1762"（Friedrich’sLettertohim，"10thApril，1762:"inOEuvresdeFrederic，xx。285）。]
HisEmbassyhadoneeffect，whichisofinteresttoushere。Onhiswayout，hehadgonebyLondon，withaviewofgettinglegalabsolutionforhisJacobitism，——sofar，atleast，astobeabletoinherittheEarldomofKintore，whichislikelytofallvacantsoon。Byblooditishis，weretheJacobiteincapacitieswithdrawn。
KintoreisacadetbranchoftheKeiths；"John，youngerSonofWilliamSixthLordMarischal，"wasthefirstKintore。
WilliamSixth’syoungerSon，yes；——andWilliam’sFather，amanalwaysvenerabletome，had（A。D。1593）foundedMarischalCollege，Aberdeen，——where，forafew，inthosesterngraniteCountries，theDivinerPursuitsarestillpossible（thankGodandthisKeith）onfrugaloatmeal。MARISCHAL—COLLEGEKeith，orFIFTHLordMarischal，wasgrandfather’sgrandfatherofourPotsdamFriend，whoistenthandlast。[Douglas’sScotchPeerage，pp。448
etseq。，387etseq。]Honortothebraveandnoble，nowfallensilentunderfootNOTofthenobler！Inaword，thefourthKintorewasaboutdyingchildless；andMarischalhadcomebyLondononthatheritagebusiness。
Hecarried，naturally，thebestrecommendations。BritannicMajesty，Pittandeverybodymethimwithwelcomeandfurtherance；whathewishedwasdone，andinsuchastyleofpromptnessandcordiality，Pittpushingitthrough，asquitegainedtheheartofoldMarischal。Anditisnotdoubted，thoughparticularshavenotbeenpublished，ThathesentimportantSpanishnoticestoPitt，intheseyears；—andespeciallyinformedhimthatKingCarlosandtheFrenchBourbonhadsignedaFAMILYCOMPACT（15thAugust，1761），orsolemncovenant，tostandbyoneanotherasbrothers。Whichwasthenceforth，toPittprivately，animportantfact，asperhapsweshallsee；thoughtoothermenitwasstillonlyapainfulrumoranddubiety。WhethertheoldMarischalinformedhim，ThatKingCarloshatedtheEnglish；thatheneverhad，inhisroyalmind，forgiventhatinsultofCommodoreMartin’s（watchlaidonthetable，intheBayofNaples，longago），Idonotknow；butthatalsowasafact。Adiligent，indignantkindofman，thisCarlos，Iamtold；bynomeansanundeservingKingofSpain，thoughhisPortraitsdeclarehimanugly:wewillleavehiminthediscreetMarischal’shands，withthedearOldFriendshiningequallyonboth。
Singulartoseehow，insoveraciousanintellectasFriedrich’s，somanyfallaciesofhopeareconstantlyentertained。WarinItaly，onquarrelwithKingCarlos；PeacewithFranceandthePompadour，byhelpofEdelsheimandtheBaillideFroulay；PeacewithRussiaandtheINFAMECATIN，byhelpofEnglishbriberies（FriedrichsentanagentthiswinterwithplentyofEnglishguineas，buthegotnofartherthantheFrontier，notallowedeventotry）:sometimes，asagainthiswinter，itishopeofDenmarkjoininghim（inalarmagainsttheRussianviewsonHolstein；butthat，too，comestonothing）；aboveall，thereisperennially，buddingoutyearly，thebrighteraftereverydisappointment，ahopeintheGrandTurkandhisadherencies。GrandTurk，orfailinghim，theChamofTartary，——
forcertain，someofthesewillbegottofastenontheheelsofAustria，ofRussia；andcreateafavorablediversion？
Friedrichtookanimmensedealoftroubleaboutthislatterhope。
Itisalmostpathetictoseewithwhatafondtenacityheclingstoit；andhopesitoveragain，everynewSpringandSummer。
[Preuss，ii。121etseq。，292&c。；Schoning，ii。iii。PASSIM。]
ThehopethatanINFAMECATINmightdiesomeday（forsheisnowdeepinchaoticailments，deepisheveninbrandy）seemsnevertohavestruckhim；atleastthereisnowhereanyarticulatehintofit，——theeagle—flightofone’simaginationsoaringfarabovesuchapettiness！Hopeisverybeautiful；andevenfallacioushope，insuchaFriedrich。Theonehopethatdidnotdeceivehim，washopeinhisownbestexertiontotheverydeath；andnofallacyeverforamomentslackenedhiminthat。Standtothyself:inthewidedomainofImagination，thereisnoothercertaintyofhelp。
Noothercertainty；——andyetwhoknowsthroughwhatpettinessesHeavenmaysendhelp！
ChapterIX。
PRELIMINARIESTOAFIFTHCAMPAIGN。
ItwasApril25thbeforeFriedrichquittedFreyberg，andtookCamp；
nottillthemiddleofJunethatanythingofseriousMovementcame。
MuchdiscouragementprevailsinhisArmy，wehear:andindeed，itmustbeowned，thehoroscopeoftheseCampaignsgrowsyearlydarker。OnlyFriedrichhimselfmustnotbediscouraged！Noris；——
thoughthereseldomlayaheadofanymanamoredangerous—lookingYearthanthisthatisnowdimlyshapingitselftoFriedrich。
Hisfortuneseemstohavequittedhim；hisenemiesaremoreconfidentthanever。
ThisYear，itseems，theyhavebethoughtthemofanewdeviceagainsthim。"Wehave90millionPopulation，"countthey；"hehashardly5；intheend，hemustrunoutofmen！Letusceaseexchangingprisonerswithhim。"AtJagerndorf，inApril，1758（justbeforeourmarchtoOlmutz），therehadbeenexchange；notwithouthaggles；butthiswasthelastonAustria’spart。Carteloftheusualkind，valuespunctuallysettled:aField—marshalisworth3，000commonmen，or1，500pounds；Colonelworth130men，or65
pounds；commonmanisworth10s。sterling，notahighfigure。
[Archenholtz，ii。53。]TheRussianshaggledstillmore，nokeepingofthemtotheirword；buttheytrieditasecondtime，lastyear（October，1759）；andbycarefulurgingandguiding，weregotdraggedthroughit，andtheprisonersonbothsidessenttotheircolorsagain。Afterwhich，itwasasettledlineofpolicy，"Nomoreexchangingorcartelling；wewillstarvehimoutinthatarticle！"AndhadFriedrichhadnothingbuthisown5millionstogoupon，thoughthesecontributedliberally，hehadintruthbeenstarvedout。NorcouldSaxony，withMecklenburg，Anhalt，Erfurt，andtheir10，000menayear，havesuppliedhim，——"hadnotthere，"