Allfoodgone——Captain'sLog。[3]
[Ferguson'slogcontinues]
June12。Stiffbreeze，andwearefairlyflying——deadaheadofit——
andtowardtheislands。Goodhope，buttheprospectsofhungerareawful。Ateham-boneto-day。Itisthecaptain'sbirthday；heisfifty-fouryearsold。
June13。Theham-ragsarenotquiteallgoneyet，andtheboot-
legs，wefind，areverypalatableafterwegetthesaltoutofthem。
Alittlesmoke，Ithink，doessomelittlegood；butIdon'tknow。
June14。Hungerdoesnotpainusmuch，butwearedreadfullyweak。
Ourwaterisgettingfrightfullylow。Godgrantwemayseelandsoon！NOTHINGTOEAT，butfeelbetterthanIdidyesterday。Towardeveningsawamagnificentrainbow——THEFIRSTWEHADSEEN。Captainsaid，'Cheerup，boys；it'saprophecy——IT'STHEBOWOFPROMISE！'
June15。GodbeforeverpraisedforHisinfinitemercy！LANDIN
SIGHT！rapidlyneareditandsoonwereSUREofit……TwonobleKanakasswamoutandtooktheboatashore。Wewerejoyfullyreceivedbytwowhitemen——Mr。JonesandhisstewardCharley——andacrowdofnativemen，women，andchildren。Theytreatedussplendidly——aidedus，andcarriedusupthebank，andbroughtuswater，poi，bananas，andgreencoconuts；butthewhitementookcareofusandpreventedthosewhowouldhaveeatentoomuchfromdoingso。Everybodyoverjoyedtoseeus，andallsympathyexpressedinfaces，deeds，andwords。Wewerethenhelpeduptothehouse；andhelpweneeded。Mr。JonesandCharleyaretheonlywhitemenhere。
Treatedussplendidly。Gaveusfirstaboutateaspoonfulofspiritsinwater，andthentoeachacupofwarmtea，withalittlebread。
TakesEVERYcareofus。Gaveuslateranothercupoftea，andbreadthesame，andthenletusgotorest。ITISTHEHAPPIESTDAYOFMY
LIFE……GodinHismercyhasheardourprayer……Everybodyissokind。Wordscannottell。
June16。Mr。Jonesgaveusadelightfulbed，andwesurelyhadagoodnight'srest；butnotsleep——weweretoohappytosleep；wouldkeeptherealityandnotletitturntoadelusion——dreadedthatwemightwakeupandfindourselvesintheboatagain。
Itisanamazingadventure。Thereisnothingofitssortinhistorythatsurpassesitinimpossibilitiesmadepossible。Inoneextraordinarydetail——thesurvivalofeverypersonintheboat——itprobablystandsaloneinthehistoryofadventuresofitskinds。Usuallymerelyapartofaboat'scompanysurvive——officers，mainly，andothereducatedandtenderly-rearedmen，unusedtohardshipandheavylabour；theuntrained，roughly-rearedhardworkerssuccumb。Butinthiscaseeventherudestandrougheststoodtheprivationsandmiseriesofthevoyagealmostaswellasdidthecollege-bredyoungbrothersandthecaptain。Imean，physically。Themindsofmostofthesailorsbrokedowninthefourthweekandwenttotemporaryruin，butphysicallytheenduranceexhibitedwasastonishing。Thosemendidnotsurvivebyanymeritoftheirown，ofcourse，butbymeritofthecharacterandintelligenceofthecaptain；
theylivedbythemasteryofhisspirit。Withouthimtheywouldhavebeenchildrenwithoutanurse；theywouldhaveexhaustedtheirprovisionsinaweek，andtheirpluckwouldnothavelastedevenaslongastheprovisions。
Theboatcameneartobeingwreckedatthelast。Asitapproachedtheshorethesailwasletgo，andcamedownwitharun；thenthecaptainsawthathewasdriftingswiftlytowardanuglyreef，andaneffortwasmadetohoistthesailagain；butitcouldnotbedone；themen'sstrengthwaswhollyexhausted；theycouldnotevenpullanoar。Theywerehelpless，anddeathimminent。ItwasthenthattheywerediscoveredbythetwoKanakaswhoachievedtherescue。Theyswamoutandmannedtheboat，andpilotedherthroughanarrowandhardlynoticeablebreakinthereef——theonlybreakinitinastretchofthirty-fivemiles！Thespotwherethelandingwasmadewastheonlyoneinthatstretchwherefootingcouldhavebeenfoundontheshore；everywhereelseprecipicescamesheerdownintofortyfathomsofwater。Also，inallthatstretchthiswastheonlyspotwhereanybodylived。
Withintendaysafterthelandingallthemenbutonewereupandcreepingabout。Properly，theyoughttohavekilledthemselveswiththe'food'ofthelastfewdays——someofthem，atanyrate——menwhohadfreightedtheirstomachswithstripsofleatherfromoldbootsandwithchipsfromthebuttercask；afreightagewhichtheydidnotgetridofbydigestion，butbyothermeans。Thecaptainandthetwopassengersdidnoteatstripsandchips，asthesailorsdid，butscrapedtheboot-
leatherandthewood，andmadeapulpofthescrapingsbymoisteningthemwithwater。Thethirdmatetoldmethatthebootswereoldandfullofholes；thenaddedthoughtfully，'buttheholesdigestedthebest。'
Speakingofdigestion，hereisaremarkablething，andworthnothing：
duringthisstrangevoyage，andforawhileafterwardonshore，thebowelsofsomeofthemenvirtuallyceasedfromtheirfunctions；insomecasestherewasnoactionfortwentyandthirtydays，andinonecaseforforty-four！Sleepingalsocametoberare。Yetthemendidverywellwithoutit。Duringmanydaysthecaptaindidnotsleepatall——twenty-
one，Ithink，ononestretch。
Whenthelandingwasmade，allthemenweresuccessfullyprotectedfromover-eatingexceptthe'Portyghee；'heescapedthewatchandateanincrediblenumberofbananas：ahundredandfifty-two，thethirdmatesaid，butthiswasundoubtedlyanexaggeration；Ithinkitwasahundredandfifty-one。Hewasalreadynearlyhalffullofleather；itwashangingoutofhisears。Idonotstatethisonthethirdmate'sauthority，forwehaveseenwhatsortofapersonhewas；Istateitonmyown。The'Portyghee'oughttohavedied，ofcourse，andevennowitseemsapitythathedidn't；buthegotwell，andasearlyasanyofthem；andallfullofleather，too，thewayhewas，andbutter-timberandhandkerchiefsandbananas。Someofthemendideathandkerchiefsinthoselastdays，alsosocks；andhewasoneofthem。
Itistothecreditofthementhattheydidnotkilltheroosterthatcrowedsogallantlymornings。Helivedeighteendays，andthenstoodupandstretchedhisneckandmadeabrave，weakefforttodohisdutyoncemore，anddiedintheact。Itisapicturesquedetail；andsoisthatrainbow，too——theonlyoneseenintheforty-threedays，——raisingitstriumphalarchintheskiesforthesturdyfighterstosailundertovictoryandrescue。
Withtendays'provisionsCaptainJosiahMitchellperformedthismemorablevoyageofforty-threedaysandeighthoursinanopenboat，sailingfourthousandmilesinrealityandthirty-threehundredandsixtybydirectcourses，andbroughteverymansafetoland。Abright，simple-
hearted，unassuming，plucky，andmostcompanionableman。Iwalkedthedeckwithhimtwenty-eightdays——whenIwasnotcopyingdiaries，——andI
rememberhimwithreverenthonour。Ifheisaliveheiseighty-sixyearsoldnow。
IfIrememberrightly，SamuelFergusondiedsoonafterwereachedSanFrancisco。Idonotthinkhelivedtoseehishomeagain；hisdiseasehadbeenseriouslyaggravatedbyhishardships。
Foratimeitwashopedthatthetwoquarter-boatswouldpresentlybeheardof，butthishopesuffereddisappointment。Theywentdownwithallonboard，nodoubt，notevensparingthatknightlychiefmate。
Theauthorsofthediariesallowedmetocopythemexactlyastheywerewritten，andtheextractsthatIhavegivenarewithoutanysmoothingoverorrevision。Thesediariesarefinelymodestandunaffected，andwithunconsciousandunintentionalarttheyrisetowardtheclimaxwithgraduatedandgatheringforceandswinganddramaticintensity；theysweepyoualongwithacumulativerush，andwhenthecryringsoutatlast，'Landinsight！'yourheartisinyourmouth，andforamomentyouthinkitisyouthathavebeensaved。Thelasttwoparagraphsarenotimprovablebyanybody'sart；theyareliterarygold；andtheirverypausesanduncompletedsentenceshaveinthemaneloquencenotreachablebyanywords。
Theinterestofthisstoryisunquenchable；itisofthesortthattimecannotdecay。Ihavenotlookedatthediariesforthirty-twoyears，butIfindthattheyhavelostnothinginthattime。Lost？Theyhavegained；forbysomesubtlelawalltragichumanexperiencesgaininpathosbytheperspectiveoftime。WerealizethiswheninNapleswestandmusingoverthepoorPompeianmother，lostinthehistoricstormofvolcanicasheseighteencenturiesago，wholieswithherchildgrippedclosetoherbreast，tryingtosaveit，andwhosedespairandgriefhavebeenpreservedforusbythefieryenvelopewhichtookherlifebuteternalizedherformandfeatures。Shemovesus，shehauntsus，shestaysinourthoughtsformanydays，wedonotknowwhy，forsheisnothingtous，shehasbeennothingtoanyoneforeighteencenturies；
whereasofthelikecaseto-dayweshouldsay，'Poorthing！itispitiful，'andforgetitinanhour。
[1]Therearenineteendaysofvoyagingaheadyet——M。T。
[2]Sixdaystosailyet，nevertheless——M。T。
[3]Itwasatthistimediscoveredthatthecrazedsailorshadgottenthedelusionthatthecaptainhadamilliondollarsingoldconcealedaft，andtheywereconspiringtokillhimandthetwopassengersandseizeit——
M。T。
ATTHEAPPETITE-CURE
Thisestablishment'snameisHochberghaus。ItisinBohemia，ashortday'sjourneyfromVienna，andbeingintheAustrianEmpireisofcourseahealthresort。Theempireismadeupofhealthresorts；itdistributeshealthtothewholeworld。Itswatersareallmedicinal。Theyarebottledandsentthroughouttheearth；thenativesthemselvesdrinkbeer。
Thisisself-sacrificeapparently——butoutlanderswhohavedrunkViennabeerhaveanotherideaaboutit。ParticularlythePilsnerwhichonegetsinasmallcellarupanobscurebacklaneintheFirstBezirk——thenamehasescapedme，buttheplaceiseasilyfound：YouinquirefortheGreekchurch；andwhenyougettoit，gorightalongby——thenexthouseisthatlittlebeer-mill。Itisremotefromalltrafficandallnoise；itisalwaysSundaythere。Therearetwosmallrooms，withlowceilingssupportedbymassivearches；thearchesandceilingsarewhitewashed，otherwisetheroomswouldpassforcellsinthedungeonsofabastile。
Thefurnitureisplainandcheap，thereisnoornamentationanywhere；yetitisaheavenfortheself-sacrificers，forthebeerthereisincomparable；thereisnothinglikeitelsewhereintheworld。Inthefirstroomyouwillfindtwelveorfifteenladiesandgentlemenofcivilianquality；intheotheroneadozengeneralsandambassadors。OnemayliveinViennamanymonthsandnothearofthisplace；buthavingonceheardofitandsampledit，thesamplerwillafterwardinfestit。
However，thisisallincidental——amerepassingnoteofgratitudeforblessingsreceived——ithasnothingtodowithmysubject。Mysubjectishealthresorts。AllunhealthypeopleoughttodomicilethemselvesinVienna，andusethatasabase，makingflightsfromtimetotimetotheoutlyingresorts，accordingtoneed。AflighttoMarienbadtogetridoffat；aflighttoCarlsbadtogetridofrheumatism；aflighttoKalteneutgebentotakethewatercureandgetridoftherestofthediseases。Itisallsohandy。YoucanstandinViennaandtossabiscuitintoKaltenleutgeben，withatwelve-inchgun。Youcanrunoutthitheratanytimeoftheday；yougobyphenomenallyslowtrains，andyetinsideofanhouryouhaveexchangedtheglareandswelterofthecityforwoodedhills，andshadyforestpaths，andsoftcoolairs，andthemusicofbirds，andthereposeandthepeaceofparadise。
AndthereareplentyofotherhealthresortsatyourserviceandconvenienttogetatfromVienna；charmingplaces，allofthem；Viennasitsinthecentreofabeautifulworldofmountainswithnowandthenalakeandforests；infact，noothercityissofortunatelysituated。
Thereisanabundanceofhealthresorts，asIhavesaid。Amongthemthisplace——Hochberghaus。Itstandssolitaryonthetopofadenselywoodedmountain，andisabuildingofgreatsize。ItiscalledtheAppetiteAnstallt，andpeoplewhohavelosttheirappetitescomeheretogetthemrestored。WhenIarrivedIwastakenbyProfessorHaimbergertohisconsulting-roomandquestioned：
'Itissixo'clock。Whendidyoueatlast？'
'Atnoon。'
'Whatdidyoueat？'
'Nexttonothing。'
'Whatwasonthetable？'
'Theusualthings。'
'Chops，chickens，vegetables，andsoon？'
'Yes；butdon'tmentionthem——Ican'tbearit。'
'Areyoutiredofthem？'
'Oh，utterly。IwishImightneverhearofthemagain。'
'Themeresightoffoodoffendsyou，doesit？'
'More，itrevoltsme。'
Thedoctorconsideredawhile，thengotoutalongmenuandranhiseyeslowlydownit。
'Ithink，'saidhe，'thatwhatyouneedtoeatis——buthere，chooseforyourself。'
Iglancedatthelist，andmystomachthrewahand-spring。Ofallthebarbarouslay-outsthatwereevercontrived，thiswasthemostatrocious。
Atthetopstood'tough，underdone，overduetripe，garnishedwithgarlic；'half-waydownthebillstood'youngcat；oldcat；scrambledcat；'atthebottomstood'sailor-boots，softenedwithtallow——servedraw。'Thewideintervalsofthebillwerepackedwithdishescalculatedtogagacannibal。Isaid：
'Doctor，itisnotfairtojokeoversoseriousacaseasmine。Icameheretogetanappetite，nottothrowawaytheremnantthat'sleft。'
Hesaidgravely：'Iamnotjoking；whyshouldIjoke？'
'ButIcan'teatthesehorrors。'
'Whynot？'
Hesaiditwithanaivetethatwasadmirable，whetheritwasrealorassumed。
'Whynot？Because——why，doctor，formonthsIhaveseldombeenabletoendureanythingmoresubstantialthanomelettesandcustards。Theseunspeakabledishesofyours——'
'Oh，youwillcometolikethem。Theyareverygood。Andyoumusteatthem。Itisaruleoftheplace，andisstrict。Icannotpermitanydeparturefromit。'
Isaidsmiling：'Well，then，doctor，youwillhavetopermitthedepartureofthepatient。Iamgoing。'
Helookedhurt，andsaidinawaywhichchangedtheaspectofthings：
'Iamsureyouwouldnotdomethatinjustice。Iacceptedyouingoodfaith——youwillnotshamethatconfidence。Thisappetite-cureismywholeliving。Ifyoushouldgoforthfromitwiththesortofappetitewhichyounowhave，itcouldbecomeknown，andyoucansee，yourself，thatpeoplewouldsaymycurefailedinyourcaseandhencecanfailinothercases。Youwillnotgo；youwillnotdomethishurt。'
IapologisedandsaidIwouldstay。
'Thatisright。Iwassureyouwouldnotgo；itwouldtakethefoodfrommyfamily'smouths。'
'Wouldtheymindthat？Dotheyeatthesefiendishthings？'
'They？Myfamily？'Hiseyeswerefullofgentlewonder。'Ofcoursenot。'
'Oh，theydon't！Doyou？'
'Certainlynot。'
'Isee。It'sanothercaseofaphysicianwhodoesn'ttakehisownmedicine。'
'Idon'tneedit。Itissixhourssinceyoulunched。Willyouhavesuppernow——orlater？'
'Iamnothungry，butnowisasgoodatimeasany，andIwouldliketobedonewithitandhaveitoffmymind。Itisaboutmyusualtime，andregularityiscommandedbyalltheauthorities。Yes，Iwilltrytonibblealittlenow——Iwishalighthorsewhippingwouldanswerinstead。'
Theprofessorhandedmethatodiousmenu。
'Choose——orwillyouhaveitlater？'
'Oh，dearme，showmetomyroom；Iforgotyourhardrule。'
'Waitjustamomentbeforeyoufinallydecide。Thereisanotherrule。
Ifyouchoosenow，theorderwillbefilledatonce；butifyouwait，youwillhavetoawaitmypleasure。YoucannotgetadishfromthatentirebilluntilIconsent。'
'Allright。Showmetomyroom，andsendthecooktobed；thereisnotgoingtobeanyhurry。'
Theprofessortookmeuponeflightofstairsandshowedmeintoamostinvitingandcomfortableapartmentconsistingofparlour，bedchamber，andbathroom。
Thefrontwindowslookedoutoverafar-reachingspreadofgreengladesandvalleys，andtumbledhillsclothedwithforests——anoblesolitudeunvexedbythefussyworld。Intheparlourweremanyshelvesfilledwithbooks。Theprofessorsaidhewouldnowleavemetomyself；andadded：
'Smokeandreadasmuchasyouplease，drinkallthewateryoulike。
Whenyougethungry，ringandgiveyourorder，andIwilldecidewhetheritshallbefilledornot。Yoursisastubborn，badcase，andIthinkthefirstfourteendishesinthebillareeachandalltoodelicateforitsneeds。Iaskyouasafavourtorestrainyourselfandnotcallforthem。'
'Restrainmyself，isit？Giveyourselfnouneasiness。Youaregoingtosavemoneybyme。Theideaofcoaxingasickman'sappetitebackwiththisbuzzard-fareisclearinsanity。'
Isaiditwithbitterness，forIfeltoutragedbythiscalm，coldtalkovertheseheartlessnewenginesofassassination。Thedoctorlookedgrieved，butnotoffended。Helaidthebilloffareofthecommodeatmybed'shead，'sothatitwouldbehandy，'andsaid：
'YoursisnottheworstcaseIhaveencountered，byanymeans；stillitisabadoneandrequiresrobusttreatment；thereforeIshallbegratifiedifyouwillrestrainyourselfandskipdowntoNo。15andbeginwiththat。'
ThenheleftmeandIbegantoundress，forIwasdog-tiredandverysleepy。Isleptfifteenhoursandwokeupfinelyrefreshedattenthenextmorning。Viennacoffee！ItwasthefirstthingIthoughtof——thatunapproachableluxury——thatsumptuouscoffee-housecoffee，comparedwithwhichallotherEuropeancoffeeandallAmericanhotelcoffeeismerefluidpoverty。Irang，andorderedit；alsoViennabread，thatdeliciousinvention。Theservantspokethroughthewicketinthedoorandsaid——
butyouknowwhathesaid。Hereferredmetothebilloffare。
Iallowedhimtogo——Ihadnofurtheruseforhim。
AfterthebathIdressedandstartedforawalk，andgotasfarasthedoor。Itwaslockedontheoutside。Irang，andtheservantcameandexplainedthatitwasanotherrule。Theseclusionofthepatientwasrequireduntilafterthefirstmeal。Ihadnotbeenparticularlyanxioustogetoutbefore；butitwasdifferentnow。Beinglockedinmakesapersonwishfultogetout。Isoonbegantofinditdifficulttoputinthetime。Attwoo'clockIhadbeentwenty-sixhourswithoutfood。I
hadbeengrowinghungryforsometime；IrecognisedthatIwasnotonlyhungrynow，buthungrywithastrongadjectiveinfrontofit。YetIwasnothungryenoughtofacethebilloffare。
Imustputinthetimesomehow。Iwouldreadandsmoke。Ididit；hourbyhour。Thebookswereallofonebreed——shipwrecks；peoplelostindeserts；peopleshutupincaved-inmines；peoplestarvinginbesiegedcities。Ireadaboutalltherevoltingdishesthateverfamishingmenhadstayedtheirhungerwith。Duringthefirsthoursthesethingsnauseatedme：hoursfollowedinwhichtheydidnotsoaffectme；stillotherhoursfollowedinwhichIfoundmyselfsmackingmylipsoversometolerablyinfernalmesses。WhenIhadbeenwithoutfoodforty-fivehoursIraneagerlytothebellandorderedtheseconddishinthebill，whichwasasortofdumplingscontainingacompostmadeofcaviarandtar。
Itwasrefusedme。DuringthenextfifteenhoursIvisitedthebelleverynowandthenandorderedadishthatwasfurtherdownthelist。
Alwaysarefusal。ButIwasconqueringprejudiceafterprejudice，rightalong；Iwasmakingsureprogress；IwascreepinguponNo。15withdeadlycertainty，andmyheartbeatfasterandfaster，myhopesrosehigherandhigher。
Atlastwhenfoodhadnotpassedmylipsforsixtyhours，victorywasmine，andIorderedNo。15：
'Soft-boiledspringchicken——intheegg；sixdozen，hotandfragrant！'
Infifteenminutesitwasthere；andthedoctoralongwithit，rubbinghishandswithjoy。Hesaidwithgreatexcitement：
'It'sacure，it'sacure！IknewIcoulddoit。Dearsir，mygrandsystemneverfailed——never。You'vegotyourappetiteback——youknowyouhave；sayitandmakemehappy。'
'Bringonyourcarrion——Icaneatanythinginthebill！'
'Oh，thisisnoble，thisissplendid——butIknewIcoulddoit，thesystemneverfails。Howarethebirds？'
'Neverwasanythingsodeliciousintheworld；andyetasaruleIdon'tcareforgame。Butdon'tinterruptme，don't——Ican'tsparemymouth，I
reallycan't。'
Thenthedoctorsaid：
'Thecureisperfect。Thereisnomoredoubtnordanger。Letthepoultryalone；Icantrustyouwithabeefsteak，now。'
Thebeefsteakcame——asmuchasabasketfulofit——withpotatoes，andViennabreadandcoffee；andIateamealthenthatwasworthallthecostlypreparationIhadmadeforit。Anddrippedtearsofgratitudeintothegravyallthetime——gratitudetothedoctorforputtingalittleplaincommon-senseintomewhenIhadbeenemptyofitsomany，manyyears。
II
ThirtyyearsagoHaimbergerwentoffonalongvoyageinasailing-ship。
Therewerefifteenpassengersonboard。Thetable-farewasoftheregulationpatternoftheday：At7inthemorning，acupofbadcoffeeinbed；at9，breakfast：badcoffee，withcondensedmilk；soggyrolls，crackers，saltfish；at1P。M。，luncheon：coldtongue，coldham，coldcornedbeef，soggycoldrolls，crackers；5P。M。，dinner：thickpeasoup，saltfish，hotcornedbeefandsourkraut，boiledporkandbeans，pudding；9till11P。M。，supper：tea，withcondensedmilk，coldtongue，coldham，pickles，sea-biscuit，pickledoysters，pickledpigs'feet，grilledbones，goldenbuck。
Attheendofthefirstweekeatinghadceased，nibblinghadtakenitsplace。Thepassengerscametothetable，butitwaspartlytoputinthetime，andpartlybecausethewisdomoftheagescommandedthemtoberegularintheirmeals。Theyweretiredofthecoarseandmonotonousfare，andtooknointerestinit，hadnoappetiteforit。Alldayandeverydaytheyroamedtheshiphalfhungry，plaguedbytheirgnawingstomachs，moody，untalkative，miserable。Amongthemwerethreeconfirmeddyspeptics。Thesebecameshadowsinthecourseofthreeweeks。Therewasalsoabed-riddeninvalid；helivedonboiledrice；hecouldnotlookattheregulardishes。
Nowcameshipwrecksandlifeinopenboats，withtheusualpaucityoffood。Provisionsranlowerandlower。Theappetitesimproved，then。
Whennothingwasleftbutrawhamandtherationofthatwasdowntotwoouncesadayperperson，theappetiteswereperfect。Attheendoffifteendaysthedyspeptics，theinvalid，andthemostdelicateladiesinthepartywerechewingsailor-bootsinecstasy，andonlycomplainingbecausethesupplyofthemwaslimited。Yetthesewerethesamepeoplewhocouldn'tenduretheship'stediouscornedbeefandsourkrautandothercrudities。TheywererescuedbyanEnglishvessel。Withintendaysthewholefifteenwereinasgoodconditionastheyhadbeenwhentheshipwreckoccurred。
'Theyhadsufferednodamagebytheiradventure，'saidtheprofessor。
'Doyounotethat？'
'Yes。'
'Doyounoteitwell？'
'Yes——IthinkIdo。'
'Butyoudon't。Youhesitate。Youdon'trisetotheimportanceofit。
Iwillsayitagain——withemphasis——notoneofthemsufferedanydamage。'
'NowIbegintosee。Yes，itwasindeedremarkable。'
'Nothingofthekind。Itwasperfectlynatural。Therewasnoreasonwhytheyshouldsufferdamage。TheywereundergoingNature'sAppetite-Cure，thebestandwisestintheworld。'
'Isthatwhereyougotyouridea？'
'ThatiswhereIgotit。'
'Ittaughtthosepeopleavaluablelesson。'
'Whatmakesyouthinkthat？'
'Whyshouldn'tI？Youseemtothinkittaughtyouone。'
'Thatisnothingtothepoint。Iamnotafool。'
'Isee。Weretheyfools？'
'Theywerehumanbeings。'
'Isitthesamething？'
'Whydoyouask？Youknowityourself。Asregardshishealth——andtherestofthethings——theaveragemaniswhathisenvironmentandhissuperstitionshavemadehim；andtheirfunctionistomakehimanass。
Hecan'taddupthreeorfournewcircumstancestogetherandperceivewhattheymean；itisbeyondhim。Heisnotcapableofobservingforhimself；hehastogeteverythingatsecond-hand。Ifwhataremiscalledtheloweranimalswereassillyasmanis，theywouldallperishfromtheearthinayear。'
'Thosepassengerslearnednolesson，then？'
'Notasignofit。TheywenttotheirregularmealsintheEnglishship，andprettysoontheywerenibblingagain——nibbling，appetiteless，disgustedwiththefood，moody，miserable，halfhungry，theiroutragedstomachscursingandswearingandwhiningandsupplicatingalldaylong。
Andinvain，fortheywerethestomachsoffools。'
'Then，asIunderstandit，yourschemeis——'
'Quitesimple。Don'teatuntilyouarehungry。Ifthefoodfailstotastegood，failstosatisfyyou，rejoiceyou，comfortyou，don'teatagainuntilyouareveryhungry。Thenitwillrejoiceyou——anddoyougood，too。'
'AndIamtoobservenoregularity，astohours？'
'Whenyouareconqueringabadappetite——no。Afteritisconquered，regularityisnoharm，solongastheappetiteremainsgood。Assoonastheappetitewavers，applythecorrectiveagain——whichisstarvation，longorshortaccordingtotheneedsofthecase。'
'Thebestdiet，Isuppose——Imeanthewholesomest——'
'Alldietsarewholesome。Somearewholesomerthanothers，butalltheordinarydietsarewholesomeenoughforthepeoplewhousethem。Whetherthefoodbefineorcoarseitwilltastegoodanditwillnourishifawatchbekeptupontheappetiteandalittlestarvationintroducedeverytimeitweakens。Nansenwasusedtofinefare，butwhenhismealswererestrictedtobear-meatmonthsatatimehesufferednodamageandnodiscomfort，becausehisappetitewaskeptatparthroughthedifficultyofgettinghisbear-meatregularly。'
'Butdoctorsarrangecarefullyconsideredanddelicatedietsforinvalids。'
'Theycan'thelpit。Theinvalidisfullofinheritedsuperstitionsandwon'tstarvehimself。Hebelievesitwouldcertainlykillhim。'
'Itwouldweakenhim，wouldn'tit？'
'Nothingtohurt。Lookattheinvalidsinourshipwreck。Theylivedfifteendaysonpinchesofrawham，asuckatsailor-boots，andgeneralstarvation。Itweakenedthem，butitdidn'thurtthem。Itputtheminfineshapetoeatheartilyofheartyfoodandbuildthemselvesuptoaconditionofrobusthealth。Buttheydidnotknowenoughtoprofitbythat；theylosttheiropportunity；theyremainedinvalids；itservedthemright。Doyouknowthetrickthatthehealth-resortdoctorsplay？'
'Whatisit？'
'Mysystemdisguised——covertstarvation。Grape-cure，bath-cure，mud-
cure——itisallthesame。Thegrapeandthebathandthemudmakeashowanddoatrifleofthework——therealworkisdonebythesurreptitiousstarvation。Thepatientaccustomedtofourmealsandlatehours——atbothendsoftheday——nowconsiderwhathehastodoatahealthresort。Hegetsupat6inthemorning。Eatsoneegg。Trampsupanddownapromenadetwohourswiththeotherfools。Eatsabutterfly。Slowlydrinksaglassoffilteredsewagethatsmellslikeabuzzard'sbreath。
Promenadesanothertwohours，butalone；ifyouspeaktohimhesaysanxiously，"Mywater！——Iamwalkingoffmywater！——pleasedon'tinterrupt，"andgoesstumpingalongagain。Eatsacandiedroseleaf。
Liesatrestinthesilenceandsolitudeofhisroomforhours；mustn'tread，mustn'tsmoke。Thedoctorcomesandfeelsofhisheart，now，andhispulse，andthumpshisbreastandhisbackandhisstomach，andlistensforresultsthroughapennyflageolet；thenorderstheman'sbath——halfadegree，Reaumur，coolerthanyesterday。Afterthebathanotheregg。Aglassofsewageatthreeorfourintheafternoon，andpromenadesolemnlywiththeotherfreaks。Dinnerat6——halfadoughnutandacupoftea。Walkagain。Half-past8，supper——morebutterfly；at9，tobed。Sixweeksofthisregime——thinkofit。Itstarvesamanoutandputshiminsplendidcondition。ItwouldhavethesameeffectinLondon，NewYork，Jericho——anywhere。'
'Howlongdoesittaketoputapersoninconditionhere？'
'Itoughttotakebutadayortwo；butinfactittakesfromonetosixweeks，accordingtothecharacterandmentalityofthepatient。'
'Howisthat？'
'Doyouseethatcrowdofwomenplayingfootball，andboxing，andjumpingfencesyonder？Theyhavebeenheresixorsevenweeks。Theywerespectralpoorweaklingswhentheycame。Theywereaccustomedtonibblingatdaintiesanddelicaciesatsethoursfourtimesaday，andtheyhadnoappetiteforanything。Iquestionedthem，andthenlockedthemintotheirrooms——thefrailestonestostarvenineortenhours，theotherstwelveorfifteen。Beforelongtheybegantobeg；andindeedtheysufferedagooddeal。Theycomplainedofnausea，headache，andsoon。
Itwasgoodtoseethemeatwhenthetimewasup。Theycouldnotrememberwhenthedevouringofamealhadaffordedthemsuchrapture——
thatwastheirword。Now，then，thatoughttohaveendedtheircure，butitdidn't。Theywerefreetogotoanymealsinthehouse，andtheychosetheiraccustomedfour。WithinadayortwoIhadtointerfere。
Theirappetiteswereweakening。Imadethemknockoutameal。Thatsetthemupagain。Thentheyresumedthefour。Ibeggedthemtolearntoknockoutamealthemselves，withoutwaitingforme。Uptoafortnightagotheycouldn't；theyreallyhadn'tmanhoodenough；buttheyweregainingit，andnowIthinktheyaresafe。Theydropoutamealeverynowandthenoftheirownaccord。Theyareinfineconditionnow，andtheymightsafelygohome，Ithink，buttheirconfidenceisnotquiteperfectyet，sotheyarewaitingawhile。'
'Othercasesaredifferent？'
'Ohyes。Sometimesamanlearnsthewholetrickinaweek。Learnstoregulatehisappetiteandkeepitinperfectorder。Learnstodropoutamealwithfrequencyandnotmindit。'
'Butwhydroptheentiremealout？Whynotapartofit？'
'It'sapoordevice，andinadequate。Ifthestomachdoesn'tcallvigorously——withashout，asyoumaysay——itisbetternottopesteritbutjustgiveitarealrest。Somepeoplecaneatmoremealsthanothers，andstillthrive。Thereareallsortsofpeople，andallsortsofappetites。Iwillshowyouamanpresentlywhowasaccustomedtonibbleateightmealsaday。Itwasbeyondthepropergaitofhisappetitebytwo。Ihavegothimdowntosixaday，now，andheisallright，andenjoyslife。Howmanymealstoyouaffectperday？'
'Formerly——fortwenty-twoyears——amealandahalf；duringthepasttwoyears，twoandahalf：coffeeandarollat9，luncheonat1，dinnerat7。30or8。'
'Formerlyamealandahalf——thatis，coffeeandarollat9，dinnerintheevening，nothingbetween——isthatit？
'Yes。'
'Whydidyouaddameal？'
'Itwasthefamily'sidea。Theywereuneasy。TheythoughtIwaskillingmyself。'
'Youfoundamealandahalfperdayenough，allthroughthetwenty-twoyears？'
'Plenty。'
'Yourpresentpoorconditionisduetotheextrameal。Dropitout。Youaretryingtoeatoftenerthanyourstomachdemands。Youdon'tgain，youlose。Youeatlessfoodnow，inaday，ontwoandahalfmeals，thanyouformerlyateononeandahalf。'
'True——agooddealless；forinthoseoldsdaysmydinnerwasaverysizeablething。'
'Putyourselfonasinglemealaday，now——dinner——forafewdays，tillyousecureagood，sound，regular，trustworthyappetite，thentaketoyouroneandahalfpermanently，anddon'tlistentothefamilyanymore。
Whenyouhaveanyordinaryailment，particularlyofafeverishsort，eatnothingatallduringtwenty-fourhours。Thatwillcureit。Itwillcurethestubbornestcoldinthehead，too。Nocoldintheheadcansurvivetwenty-fourhours'unmodifiedstarvation。'
Iknowit。Ihaveproveditmanyatime。
CONCERNINGTHEJEWS
SomemonthsagoIpublishedamagazinearticle[1]descriptiveofaremarkablesceneintheImperialParliamentinVienna。SincethenIhavereceivedfromJewsinAmericaseverallettersofinquiry。Theyweredifficultletterstoanswer，fortheywerenotverydefinite。ButatlastIhavereceivedadefiniteone。Itisfromalawyer，andhereallyasksthequestionswhichtheotherwritersprobablybelievedtheywereasking。ByhelpofthistextIwilldothebestIcantopubliclyanswerthiscorrespondent，andalsotheothers——atthesametimeapologisingforhavingfailedtoreplyprivately。Thelawyer'sletterreadsasfollows：
'Ihaveread"StirringTimesinAustria。"Onepointinparticularisofvitalimporttonotafewthousandpeople，includingmyself，beingapointaboutwhichIhaveoftenwantedtoaddressaquestiontosomedisinterestedperson。TheshowofmilitaryforceintheAustrianParliament，whichprecipitatedtheriots，wasnotintroducedbyanyJew。NoJewwasamemberofthatbody。NoJewishquestionwasinvolvedintheAusgleichorinthelanguageproposition。NoJewwasinsultinganybody。Inshort，noJewwasdoinganymischieftowardanybodywhatsoever。Infact，theJewsweretheonlyonesofthenineteendifferentracesinAustriawhichdidnothaveaparty——theyareabsolutenon-participants。Yetinyourarticleyousaythatintheriotingwhichfollowed，allclassesofpeoplewereunanimousonlyononething，viz。，inbeingagainsttheJews。Now，willyoukindlytellmewhy，inyourjudgment，theJewshavethuseverbeen，andareevennow，inthesedaysofsupposedintelligence，thebuttofbaseless，viciousanimosities？
Idaresaythatforcenturiestherehasbeennomorequiet，undisturbing，andwell-behavingcitizen，asaclass，thanthatsameJew。Itseemstomethatignoranceandfanaticismcannotaloneaccountforthesehorribleandunjustpersecutions。
'Tellme，therefore，fromyourvantagepointofcoldview，whatinyourmindisthecause。CanAmericanJewsdoanythingtocorrectiteitherinAmericaorabroad？Willitevercometoanend？WillaJewbepermittedtolivehonestly，decently，andpeaceablyliketherestofmankind？WhathasbecomeoftheGoldenRule？'
IwillbeginbysayingthatifIthoughtmyselfprejudicedagainsttheJew，Ishouldholditfairesttoleavethissubjecttoapersonnotcrippledinthatway。ButIthinkIhavenosuchprejudice。AfewyearsagoaJewobservedtomethattherewasnouncourteousreferencetohispeopleinmybooks，andaskedhowithappened。Ithappenedbecausethedispositionwaslacking。IamquitesurethatbaroneIhavenoraceprejudices，andIthinkIhavenocolourprejudicesnorcasteprejudicesnorcreedprejudices。Indeed，Iknowit。Icanstandanysociety。AllthatIcaretoknowisthatamanisahumanbeing——thatisenoughforme；hecan'tbeanyworse。IhavenospecialregardforSatan；butIcanatleastclaimthatIhavenoprejudiceagainsthim。ItmayevenbethatIleanalittlehisway，onaccountofhisnothavingafairshow。AllreligionsissueBiblesagainsthim，andsaythemostinjuriousthingsabouthim，butweneverhearhisside。Wehavenonebuttheevidencefortheprosecution，andyetwehaverenderedtheverdict。Tomymind，thisisirregular。Itisun-English；itisun-American；itisFrench。
WithoutthisprecedentDreyfuscouldnothavebeencondemned。OfcourseSatanhassomekindofacase，itgoeswithoutsaying。Itmaybeapoorone，butthatisnothing；thatcanbesaidaboutanyofus。AssoonasI
cangetatthefactsIwillundertakehisrehabilitationmyself，ifIcanfindanunpoliticpublisher。Itisathingwhichweoughttobewillingtodoforanyonewhoisunderacloud。WemaynotpaySatanreverence，forthatwouldbeindiscreet，butwecanatleastrespecthistalents。
Apersonwhohasduringalltimemaintainedtheimposingpositionofspiritualheadoffour-fifthsofthehumanrace，andpoliticalheadofthewholeofit，mustbegrantedthepossessionofexecutiveabilitiesoftheloftiestorder。Inhislargepresencetheotherpopesandpoliticiansshrinktomidgesforthemicroscope。Iwouldliketoseehim。IwouldratherseehimandshakehimbythetailthananyothermemberoftheEuropeanConcert。InthepresentpaperIshallallowmyselftousethewordJewasifitstoodforbothreligionandrace。Itishandy；and，besides，thatiswhatthetermmeanstothegeneralworld。
Intheaboveletteronenotesthesepoints：
1。TheJewisawell-behavedcitizen。
2。Canignoranceandfanaticismaloneaccountforhisunjusttreatment？
3。CanJewsdoanythingtoimprovethesituation？
4。TheJewshavenoparty；theyarenon-participants。
5。Willthepersecutionevercometoanend？
6。WhathasbecomeoftheGoldenRule？
PointNo。1——WemustgrantpropositionNo。1，forseveralsufficientreasons。TheJewisnotadisturberofthepeaceofanycountry。Evenhisenemieswillconcedethat。Heisnotaloafer，heisnotasot，heisnotnoisy，heisnotabrawlernorarioter，heisnotquarrelsome。
Inthestatisticsofcrimehispresenceisconspicuouslyrare——inallcountries。Withmurderandothercrimesofviolencehehasbutlittletodo：heisastrangertothehangman。Inthepolicecourt'sdailylongrollof'assaults'and'drunkanddisorderlies'hisnameseldomappears。
ThattheJewishhomeisahomeinthetruestsenseisafactwhichnoonewilldispute。Thefamilyisknittedtogetherbythestrongestaffections；itsmembersshoweachothereveryduerespect；andreverencefortheeldersisaninviolatelawofthehouse。TheJewisnotaburdenonthecharitiesofthestatenorofthecity；thesecouldceasefromtheirfunctionswithoutaffectinghim。Whenheiswellenough，heworks；
whenheisincapacitated，hisownpeopletakecareofhim。Andnotinapoorandstingyway，butwithafineandlargebenevolence。Hisraceisentitledtobecalledthemostbenevolentofalltheracesofmen。A
Jewishbeggarisnotimpossible，perhaps；suchathingmayexist，buttherearefewmenthatcansaytheyhaveseenthatspectacle。TheJewhasbeenstagedinmanyuncomplimentaryforms，but，sofarasIknow，nodramatisthasdonehimtheinjusticetostagehimasabeggar。WheneveraJewhasrealneedtobeg，hispeoplesavehimfromthenecessityofdoingit。ThecharitableinstitutionsoftheJewsaresupportedbyJewishmoney，andamply。TheJewsmakenonoiseaboutit；itisdonequietly；theydonotnagandpesterandharassusforcontributions；theygiveuspeace，andsetusanexample——anexamplewhichhehavenotfoundourselvesabletofollow；forbynaturewearenotfreegivers，andhavetobepatientlyandpersistentlyhunteddownintheinterestoftheunfortunate。
ThesefactsareallonthecreditsideofthepropositionthattheJewisagoodandorderlycitizen。Summedup，theycertifythatheisquiet，peaceable，industrious，unaddictedtohighcrimesandbrutaldispositions；thathisfamilylifeiscommendable；thatheisnotaburdenuponpubliccharities；thatheisnotabeggar；thatinbenevolenceheisabovethereachofcompetition。Thesearetheveryquintessentialsofgoodcitizenship。Ifyoucanaddthatheisashonestastheaverageofhisneighbours——ButIthinkthatquestionisaffirmativelyansweredbythefactthatheisasuccessfulbusinessman。
Thebasisofsuccessfulbusinessishonesty；abusinesscannotthrivewherethepartiestoitcannottrusteachother。InthematterofnumberstheJewcountsforlittleintheoverwhelmingpopulationofNewYork；butthathishonestcountsformuchisguaranteedbythefactthattheimmensewholesalebusinessofBroadway，fromtheBatterytoUnionSquare，issubstantiallyinhishands。
Isupposethatthemostpicturesqueexampleinhistoryofatrader'strustinhisfellow-traderwasonewhereitwasnotChristiantrustingChristian，butChristiantrustingJew。ThatHessianDukewhousedtosellhissubjectstoGeorgeIII。tofightGeorgeWashingtonwithgotrichatit；andby-and-by，whenthewarsengenderedbytheFrenchRevolutionmadehisthronetoowarmforhim，hewasobligedtoflythecountry。Hewasinahurry，andhadtoleavehisearningsbehind——$9，000，000。Hehadtoriskthemoneywithsomeonewithoutsecurity。HedidnotselectaChristian，butaJew——aJewofonlymodestmeans，butofhighcharacter；
acharactersohighthatitlefthimlonesome——RothschildofFrankfort。
Thirtyyearslater，whenEuropehadbecomequietandsafeagain，theDukecamebackfromoverseas，andtheJewreturnedtheloan，withinterestadded。[2]
TheJewhashisotherside。Hehassomediscreditableways，thoughhehasnotamonopolyofthem，becausehecannotgetentirelyridofvexatiousChristiancompetition。Wehaveseenthatheseldomtransgressesthelawsagainstcrimesofviolence。Indeed，hisdealingswithcourtsarealmostrestrictedtomattersconnectedwithcommerce。Hehasareputationforvarioussmallformsofcheating，andforpractisingoppressiveusury，andforburninghimselfouttogettheinsurance，andforarrangingcunningcontractswhichleavehimanexitbutlocktheothermanin，andforsmartevasionswhichfindhimsafeandcomfortablejustwithinthestrictletterofthelaw，whencourtandjuryknowverywellthathehasviolatedthespiritofit。Heisafrequentandfaithfulandcapableofficerinthecivilservice，butheischargedwithanunpatrioticdisinclinationtostandbytheflagasasoldier——liketheChristianQuaker。
Nowifyouoffsetthesediscreditablefeaturesbythecreditableonessummarisedinaprecedingparagraphbeginningwiththewords，'Thesefactsareallonthecreditside，'andstrikeabalance，whatmusttheverdictbe？This，Ithink：that，themeritsanddemeritsbeingfairlyweighedandmeasuredonbothsides，theChristiancanclaimnosuperiorityovertheJewinthematterofgoodcitizenship。
Yetinallcountries，fromthedawnofhistory，theJewhasbeenpersistentlyandimplacablyhated，andwithfrequencypersecuted。
PointNo。2——'Canfanaticismaloneaccountforthis？'
YearsagoIusedtothinkthatitwasresponsiblefornearlyallofit，butlatterlyIhavecometothinkthatthiswasanerror。Indeed，itisnowmyconvictionthatitisresponsibleforhardlyanyofit。
InthisconnectionIcalltomindGenesis，chapterxlvii。
Wehaveallthoughtfully——orunthoughtfully——readthepatheticstoryoftheyearsofplentyandtheyearsoffamineinEgypt，andhowJoseph，withthatopportunity，madeacornerinbrokenhearts，andthecrustsofthepoor，andhumanliberty——acornerwherebyhetookanation'smoneyallaway，tothelastpenny；tookanation'slivestockallaway，tothelasthoof；tookanation'slandaway，tothelastacre；thentookthenationitself，buyingitforbread，manbyman，womanbywoman，childbychild，tillallwereslaves；acornerwhichtookeverything，leftnothing；acornersostupendousthat，bycomparisonwithit，themostgiganticcornersinsubsequenthistoryarebutbabythings，foritdealtinhundredsofmillionsofbushels，anditsprofitswerereckonablebyhundredsofmillionsofdollars，anditwasadisastersocrushingthatitseffectshavenotwhollydisappearedfromEgyptto-day，morethanthreethousandyearsaftertheevent。
IsitpresumablythattheeyeofEgyptwasuponJosephtheforeignJewallthistime？Ithinkitlikely。Wasitfriendly？Wemustdoubtit。
WasJosephestablishingacharacterforhisracewhichwouldsurvivelonginEgypt？andintimewouldhisnamecometobefamiliarlyusedtoexpressthatcharacter——likeShylock's？Itishardlytobedoubted。LetusrememberthatthiswascenturiesbeforetheCrucifixion？
IwishtocomedowneighteenhundredyearslaterandrefertoaremarkmadebyoneoftheLatinhistorians。Ireaditinatranslationmanyyearsago，anditcomesbacktomenowwithforce。ItwasalludingtoatimewhenpeoplewerestilllivingwhocouldhaveseentheSaviourintheflesh。ChristianitywassonewthatthepeopleofRomehadhardlyheardofit，andhadbutconfusednotionsofwhatitwas。Thesubstanceoftheremarkwasthis：SomeChristianswerepersecutedinRomethrougherror，theybeing'mistakenforJews。'
Themeaningseemsplain。ThesepaganshadnothingagainstChristians，buttheywerequitereadytopersecuteJews。ForsomereasonorothertheyhatedaJewbeforetheyevenknewwhataChristianwas。MayInotassume，then，thatthepersecutionofJewsisathingwhichantedatesChristianityandwasnotbornofChristianity？Ithinkso。Whatwastheoriginofthefeeling？
WhenIwasaboy，inthebacksettlementsoftheMississippiValley，whereagraciousandbeautifulSundayschoolsimplicityandpracticalityprevailed，the'Yankee'citizenoftheNewEnglandStateswashatedwithasplendidenergy。Butreligionhadnothingtodowithit。Inatrade，theYankeewasheldtobeaboutfivetimesthematchoftheWesterner。Hisshrewdness，hisinsight，hisjudgment，hisknowledge，hisenterprise，andhisformidableclevernessinapplyingtheseforceswerefranklyconfessed，andmostcompetentlycursed。
InthecottonStates，afterthewar，thesimpleandignorantNegroesmadethecropsforthewhiteplanteronshares。TheJewcamedowninforce，setupshopontheplantation，suppliedallthenegro'swantsoncredit，andattheendoftheseasonwasproprietorofthenegro'sshareofthepresentcropandofpartofhisshareofthenextone。Beforelong，thewhitesdetestedtheJew，anditisdoubtfulifthenegrolovedhim。
TheJewisbeginlegislatedoutofRussia。Thereasonisnotconcealed。
ThemovementwasinstitutedbecausetheChristianpeasantandvillagerstoodnochanceagainsthiscommercialabilities。Hewasalwaysreadytolendmoneyonacrop，andsellvodkaandothernecessitiesoflifeoncreditwhilethecropwasgrowing。Whensettlementdaycameheownedthecrop；andnextyearoryearafterheownedthefarm，likeJoseph。
InthedullandignorantEnglishofJohn'stimeeverybodygotintodebttotheJew。Hegatheredalllucrativeenterprisesintohishands；hewasthekingofcommerce；hewasreadytobehelpfulinallprofitableways；
heevenfinancedcrusadesfortherescueoftheSepulchre。Towipeouthisaccountwiththenationandrestorebusinesstoitsnaturalandincompetentchannelshehadtobebanishedtherealm。
ForthelikereasonsSpainhadtobanishhimfourhundredyearsago，andAustriaaboutacoupleofcenturieslater。
InalltheagesChristianEuropehasbeenobligetocurtailhisactivities。Ifheentereduponamechanicaltrade，theChristianhadtoretirefromit。Ifhesetupasadoctor，hewasthebestone，andhetookthebusiness。Ifheexploitedagriculture，theotherfarmershadtogetatsomethingelse。Sincetherewasnowaytosuccessfullycompetewithhiminanyvocation，thelawhadtostepinandsavetheChristianfromthepoor-house。TradeaftertradewastakenawayfromtheJewbystatutetillpracticallynonewasleft。Hewasforbiddentoengageinagriculture；hewasforbiddentopractiselaw；hewasforbiddentopractisemedicine，exceptamongJews；hewasforbiddenthehandicrafts。
Eventheseatsoflearningandtheschoolsofsciencehadtobeclosedagainstthistremendousantagonist。Still，almostbereftofemployments，hefoundwaystomakemoney，evenwaystogetrich。Alsowaystoinvesthistakingswell，forusurywasnotdeniedhim。Inthehardconditionssuggested，theJewwithoutbrainscouldnotsurvive，andtheJewwithbrainshadtokeepthemingoodtrainingandwellsharpenedup，orstarve。Agesofrestrictiontotheonetoolwhichthelawwasnotabletotakefromhim——hisbrain——havemadethattoolsingularlycompetent；
agesofcompulsorydisuseofhishandshaveatrophiedthem，andheneverusesthemnow。Thishistoryhasavery，verycommerciallook，amostsordidandpracticalcommerciallook，thebusinessaspectofaChinesecheap-labourcrusade。Religiousprejudicesmayaccountforonepartofit，butnotfortheothernine。
ProtestantshavepersecutedCatholics，buttheydidnottaketheirlivelihoodsawayfromthem。TheCatholicshavepersecutedtheProtestantswithbloodyandawfulbitterness，buttheyneverclosedagricultureandthehandicraftsagainstthem。Whywasthat？Thathasthecandidlookofgenuinereligiouspersecution，notatrade-unionboycottinareligiousdispute。
TheJewsareharriedandobstructedinAustriaandGermany，andlatelyinFrance；butEnglandandAmericagivethemanopenfieldandyetsurvive。
Scotlandoffersthemanunembarrassedfieldtoo，buttherearenotmanytakers。ThereareafewJewsinGlasgow，andoneinAberdeen；butthatisbecausetheycan'tearnenoughtogetaway。TheScotchpaythemselvesthatcompliment，butitisauthentic。
IfeelconvincedthattheCrucifixionhasnotmuchtodowiththeworld'sattitudetowardtheJew；thatthereasonsforitareolderthanthatevent，assuggestedbyEgypt'sexperienceandbyRome'sregretforhavingpersecutedanunknownquantitycalledaChristian，underthemistakenimpressionthatshewasmerelypersecutingaJew。MerelyaJew——askinnedeelwhowasusedtoit，presumably。IampersuadedthatinRussia，Austria，andGermanynine-tenthsofthehostilitytotheJewcomesfromtheaverageChristian'sinabilitytocompetesuccessfullywiththeaverageJewinbusiness——ineitherstraightbusinessorthequestionablesort。
InBerlin，afewyearsago，IreadaspeechwhichfranklyurgedtheexpulsionoftheJewsfromGermany；andtheagitator'sreasonwasasfrankashisproposition。Itwasthis：thateighty-fivepercentofthesuccessfullawyersofBerlinwereJews，andthataboutthesamepercentageofthegreatandlucrativebusinessesofallsortsinGermanywereinthehandsoftheJewishrace！Isn'titanamazingconfession？
Itwasbutanotherwayofsayingthatinapopulationof48，000，000，ofwhomonly500，000wereregisteredasJews，eighty-fivepercentofthebrainsandhonestyofthewholewaslodgedintheJews。Imustinsistuponthehonesty——itisanessentialofsuccessfulbusiness，takenbyandlarge。Ofcourseitdoesnotruleoutrascalsentirely，evenamongChristians，butitisagoodworkingrule，nevertheless。Thespeaker'sfiguresmayhavebeeninexact，butthemotiveofpersecutionstandsoutasclearasday。
ThemanclaimedthatinBerlinthebanks，thenewspapers，thetheatres，thegreatmercantile，shipping，mining，andmanufacturinginterests，thebigarmyandcitycontracts，thetramways，andprettymuchallotherpropertiesofhighvalue，andalsothesmallbusinesses，wereinthehandsoftheJews。HesaidtheJewwaspushingtheChristiantothewallallalongtheline；thatitwasallaChristiancoulddotoscrapetogetheraliving；andthattheJewmustbebanished，andsoon——therewasnootherwayofsavingtheChristian。HereinVienna，lastautumn，anagitatorsaidthatallthesedisastrousdetailsweretrueofAustria-
Hungaryalso；andinfiercelanguagehedemandedtheexpulsionoftheJews。Whenpoliticianscomeoutwithoutablushandreadthebabyactinthisfrankway，unrebuked，itisaverygoodindicationthattheyhaveamarketbackofthem，andknowwheretofishforvotes。
Younotethecrucialpointofthementionedagitation；theargumentisthattheChristiancannotcompetewiththeJew，andthathencehisverybreadisinperil。Tohumanbeingsthisisamuchmorehate-inspiringthingthanisanydetailconnectedwithreligion。Withmostpeople，ofanecessity，breadandmeattakefirstrank，religionsecond。IamconvincedthatthepersecutionoftheJewisnotdueinanylargedegreetoreligiousprejudice。
No，theJewisamoney-getter；andingettinghismoneyheisaveryseriousobstructiontolesscapableneighbourswhoareonthesamequest。
Ithinkthatthatisthetrouble。InestimatingworldlyvaluestheJewisnotshallow，butdeep。Withprecociouswisdomhefoundoutinthemorningoftimethatsomemenworshiprank，someworshipheroes，someworshippower，someworshipGod，andthatovertheseidealstheydisputeandcannotunite——butthattheyallworshipmoney；sohemadeittheendandaimofhislifetogetit。HewasatitinEgyptthirty-sixcenturiesago；hewasatitinRomewhenthatChristiangotpersecutedbymistakeforhim；hehasbeenatiteversince。Thecosttohimhasbeenheavy；hissuccesshasmadethewholehumanracehisenemy——butithaspaid，forithasbroughthimenvy，andthatistheonlythingwhichmenwillsellbothsoulandbodytoget。Helongagoobservedthatamillionairecommandsrespect，atwo-millionairehomage，amulti-
millionairethedeepestdeepsofadoration。Weallknowthatfeeling；
wehaveseenitexpressitself。Wehavenoticedthatwhentheaveragemanmentionsthenameofamulti-millionairehedoesitwiththatmixtureinhisvoiceofaweandreverenceandlustwhichburnsinaFrenchman'seyewhenitfallsonanotherman'scentime。
PointNo。4——'TheJewshavenoparty；theyarenon-participants。'
Perhapsyouhaveletthesecretoutandgivenyourselfaway。Itseemshardlyacredittotheracethatitisabletosaythat；ortoyou，sir，thatyoucansayitwithoutremorse；more，thatyoushouldofferitasapleaagainstmaltreatment，injustice，andoppression。WhogivestheJewtheright，whogivesanyracetheright，tositstillinafreecountry，andletsomebodyelselookafteritssafety？TheoppressedJewwasentitledtoallpityintheformertimesunderbrutalautocracies，forhewasweakandfriendless，andhadnowaytohelphiscase。Buthehaswaysnow，andhehashadthemforacentury，butIdonotseethathehastriedtomakeserioususeofthen。WhentheRevolutionsethimfreeinFranceitwasanactofgrace——thegraceofotherpeople；hedoesnotappearinitasahelper。IdonotknowthathehelpedwhenEnglandsethimfree。AmongtheTwelveSaneMenofFrancewhohavesteppedforwardwithgreatZolaattheirheadtofightandwin，Ihopeandbelieve[3]
thebattleforthemostinfamouslymisusedJewofmoderntimes，doyoufindagreatorrichorillustriousJewhelping？IntheUnitedStateshewascreatedfreeinthebeginning——hedidnotneedtohelp，ofcourse。
InAustriaandGermanyandFrancehehasavote，butofwhatconsiderableuseisittohim？Hedoesn'tseemtoknowhowtoapplyittothebesteffect。Withallhissplendidcapacitiesandallhisfatwealthheisto-daynotpoliticallyimportantinanycountry。InAmerica，asearlyas1854，theignorantIrishhod-carrier，whohadaspiritofhisownandawayofexposingittotheweather，madeitapparenttoallthathemustbepoliticallyreckonedwith；yetfifteenyearsbeforethatwehardlyknewwhatanIrishmanlookedlike。Asanintelligentforceandnumerically，hehasalwaysbeenawaydown，buthehasgovernedthecountryjustthesame。Itwasbecausehewasorganised。Itmadehisvotevaluable——infact，essential。
YouwillsaytheJewiseverywherenumericallyfeeble。Thatisnothingtothepoint——withtheIrishman'shistoryforanobject-lesson。ButIamcomingtoyournumericalfeeblenesspresently。InallparliamentarycountriesyoucouldnodoubtelectJewstothelegislatures——andevenonememberinsuchabodyissometimesaforcewhichcounts。HowdeeplyhaveyouconcernedyourselvesaboutthisinAustria，France，andGermany？OreveninAmerica，forthatmatter？YouremarkthattheJewswerenottoblamefortheriotsinthisReichsrathhere，andyouaddwithsatisfactionthattherewasn'toneinthatbody。Thatisnotstrictlycorrect；ifitwere，woulditnotbeinorderforyoutoexplainitandapologiseforit，nottrytomakeameritofit？ButIthinkthattheJewwasbynomeansinaslargeforcethereasheoughttohavebeen，withhischances。Austriaopensthesuffragetohimonfairlyliberalterms，anditmustsurelybehisownfaultthatheissomuchinthebackgroundpolitically。
Astoyournumericalweakness。Imentionedsomefiguresawhileago——
500，00——astheJewishpopulationofGermany。Iwilladdsomemore——
6，000，000inRussia，5，000，000inAustria，250，000intheUnitedStates。
Itakethemfrommemory；Ireadtheminthe'EncyclopaediaBrittannica'
tenortwelveyearsago。Still，Iamentirelysureofthem。Ifthosestatisticsarecorrect，myargumentisnotasstrongasitoughttobeasconcernsAmerica，butitstillhasstrength。ItisplentystrongenoughasconcernsAustria，fortenyearsago5，000，000wasninepercentoftheempire'spopulation。TheIrishwouldgoverntheKingdomofHeaveniftheyhadastrengththerelikethat。
Ihavesomesuspicions；Igotthematsecond-hand，buttheyhaveremainedwithmethesetenortwelveyears。WhenIreadinthe'E。B。'thattheJewishpopulationoftheUnitedStateswas250，000Iwrotetheeditor，andexplainedtohimthatIwaspersonallyacquaintedwithmoreJewsthanthatinmycountry，andthathisfigureswerewithoutadoubtamisprintfor25，000，000。IalsoaddedthatIwaspersonallyacquaintedwiththatmanythere；butthatwasonlytoraisehisconfidenceinme，foritwasnottrue。Hisanswermiscarried，andInevergotit；butIwentaroundtalkingaboutthematter，andpeopletoldmetheyhadreasontosuspectthatforbusinessreasonsmanyJewswhosedealingsweremainlywiththeChristiansdidnotreportthemselvesasJewsinthecensus。Itlookedplausible；itlooksplausibleyet。LookatthecityofNewYork；andlookatBoston，andPhiladelphia，andNewOrleans，andChicago，andCincinnati，andSanFrancisco——howyourraceswarmsinthoseplaces！——andeverywhereelseinAmerica，downtotheleastlittlevillage。Readthesignsonthemartsofcommerceandontheshops；Goldsteingoldstone，Edelsteinpreciousstone，Blumenthalflower-vale，Rosenthalrose-
vale，Veilchenduftviolentodour，Singvogelsong-bird，Rosenzweigrosebranch，andalltheamazinglistofbeautifulandenviablenameswhichPrussiaandAustriaglorifiedyouwithsolongago。ItisanotherinstanceofEurope'scoarseandcruelpersecutionofyourrace；notthatitwascoarseandcrueltooutfititwithprettyandpoeticalnameslikethose，butitwascoarseandcrueltomakeitpayforthemorelsetakesuchhideousandoftenindecentnamesthatto-daytheirownersneverusethem；or，iftheydo，onlyonofficialpapers。Anditwasthemany，notthefew，whogottheodiousnames，theybeingtoopoortobribetheofficialstograntthembetterones。
Nowwhywastheracerenamed？IhavebeentoldthatinPrussiaitwasgiventousingfictitiousnames，andoftenchangingthem，soastobeatthetax-gatherer，escapemilitaryservice，andsoon；andthatfinallytheideawashituponoffurnishingalltheinmatesofahousewithoneandthesamesurname，andthenholdingthehouseresponsiblerightalongforthoseinmates，andaccountableforanydisappearancesthatmightoccur；itmadetheJewskeeptrackofeachother，forself-interest'ssake，andsavedtheGovernmentthetrouble[4]。
IfthatexplanationofhowtheJewsofPrussiacametoberenamediscorrect，ifitistruethattheyfictitiouslyregisteredthemselvestogaincertainadvantages，itmaypossiblebetruethatinAmericatheyrefrainfromregisteredthemselvesasJewstofendoffthedamagingprejudicesoftheChristiancustomer。Ihavenowayofknowingwhetherthisnotioniswellfoundedornot。Theremaybeotherandbetterwaysofexplainingwhyonlythatpoorlittle250，000ofourJewsgotintothe'Encyclopaedia'。Imay，ofcourse，bemistaken，butIamstronglyoftheopinionthatwehaveanimmenseJewishpopulationinAmerica。
PointNo。3——'CanJewsdoanythingtoimprovethesituation？'
Ithinkso。IfImaymakeasuggestionwithoutseemingtobetryingtoteachmygrandmothertosuckeggs，Iwillofferit。Inourdayswehavelearnedthevalueofcombination。Weapplyiteverywhere——inrailwaysystems，intrusts，intradeunions，inSalvationArmies，inminorpolitics，inmajorpolitics，inEuropeanConcerts。Whateverourstrengthmaybe，bigorlittle，weorganiseit。Wehavefoundoutthatthatistheonlywaytogetthemostoutofitthatisinit。Weknowtheweaknessofindividualsticks，andthestrengthoftheconcentratedfaggot。Supposeyoutryaschemelikethis，forinstance。InEnglandandAmericaputeveryJewonthecensus-bookasaJewincaseyouhavenotbeendoingthat。GetupvolunteerregimentscomposedofJewssolely，andwhenthedrumbeats，fallinandgotothefront，soastoremovethereproachthatyouhavefewMassenasamongyou，andthatyoufeedonacountrybutdon'tliketofightforit。Next，inpolitics，organiseyourstrength，bandtogether，anddeliverthecasting-votewhereyoucan，and，whereyoucan't，compelasgoodtermsaspossible。Youhuddletoyourselvesalreadyinallcountries，butyouhuddletonosufficientpurpose，politicallyspeaking。Youdonotseemtobeorganised，exceptforyourcharities。Thereyouareomnipotent；thereyoucompelyourdueofrecognition——youdonothavetobegforit。Itshowswhatyoucandowhenyoubandtogetherforadefinitepurpose。
AndthenfromAmericaandEnglandyoucanencourageyourraceinAustria，France，andGermany，andmateriallyhelpit。ItwasapathetictalethatwastoldbyapoorJewafortnightagoduringtheriots，afterhehadbeenraidedbytheChristianpeasantryanddespoiledofeverythinghehad。Hesaidhisvotewasofnovaluetohim，andhewishedhecouldbeexcusedfromcastingit，forindeed，castingitwasasuredamagetohim，since，nomatterwhichpartyhevotedfor，theotherpartywouldcomestraightandtakeitsrevengeoutofhim。Ninepercentofthepopulation，theseJews，andapparentlytheycannotputaplankintoanycandidate'splatform！IfyouwillsendourIrishladsoverhereIthinktheywillorganiseyourraceandchangetheaspectoftheReichsrath。
YouseemtothinkthattheJewstakenohandinpoliticshere，thattheyare'absolutelynon-participants。'Iamassuredbymencompetenttospeakthatthisisaverylargeerror，thattheJewsareexceedinglyactiveinpoliticsallovertheempire，butthattheyscattertheirworkandtheirvotesamongthenumerousparties，andthuslosetheadvantagestobehadbyconcentration。IthinkthatinAmericatheyscattertoo，butyouknowmoreaboutthatthanIdo。
Speakingofconcentration，Dr。Herzlhasaclearinsightintothevalueofthat。Haveyouheardofhisplan？HewishestogathertheJewsoftheworldtogetherinPalestine，withagovernmentoftheirown——underthesuzeraintyoftheSultan，Isuppose。AttheConventionofBerne，lastyear，thereweredelegatesfromeverywhere，andtheproposalwasreceivedwithdecidedfavour。IamnottheSultan，andIamnotobjecting；butifthatconcentrationofthecunningestbrainsintheworldweregoingtobemadeinafreecountrybarScotland，Ithinkitwouldbepolitictostopit。Itwillnotbewelltoletthatracefindoutitsstrength。Ifthehorsesknewtheirs，weshouldnotrideanymore。
PointNo。5——'WillthepersecutionoftheJewsevercometoanend？'
Onthescoreofreligion，Ithinkithasalreadycometoanend。Onthescoreofraceprejudiceandtrade，Ihavetheideathatitwillcontinue。