Jonesarrivedpromptly，andwhenIgotreadytodothecowhidinghetookthejoboffmyhands。Inanencounterwithastranger，notinthebilloffare，Ihadlostmyscalp。Anotherstranger，bythenameofThompson，leftmeamerewreckandruinofchaoticrags。Andatlast，atbayinthecorner，andbesetbyaninfuriatedmobofeditors，blacklegs，politicians，anddesperadoes，whoravedandsworeandflourishedtheirweaponsaboutmyheadtilltheairshimmeredwithglancingflashesofsteel，Iwasintheactofresigningmyberthonthepaperwhenthechiefarrived，andwithhimarabbleofcharmedandenthusiasticfriends。Thenensuedasceneofriotandcarnagesuchasnohumanpen，orsteeloneeither，coulddescribe。Peoplewereshot，probed，dismembered，blownup，thrownoutofthewindow。Therewasabrieftornadoofmurkyblasphemy，withaconfusedandfranticwar-danceglimmeringthroughit，andthenallwasover。Infiveminutestherewassilence，andthegorychiefandI
　　sataloneandsurveyedthesanguinaryruinthatstrewedtheflooraroundus。
　　Hesaid，“You’lllikethisplacewhenyougetusedtoit。”
　　Isaid，“I’llhavetogetyoutoexcuseme;IthinkmaybeImightwritetosuityouafterawhile;assoonasIhadhadsomepracticeandlearnedthelanguageIamconfidentIcould。But，tospeaktheplaintruth，thatsortofenergyofexpressionhasitsinconveniences，anda，manisliabletointerruption。
　　Youseethatyourself。Vigorouswritingiscalculatedtoelevatethepublic，nodoubt，butthenIdonotliketoattractsomuchattentionasitcallsforth。Ican’twritewithcomfortwhenIaminterruptedsomuchasIhavebeento-day。Ilikethisberthwellenough，butIdon’tliketobeleftheretowaitonthecustomers。Theexperiencesarenovel，Igrantyou，andentertaining，too，afterafashion，buttheyarenotjudiciouslydistributed。Agentlemanshootsatyouthroughthewindowandcripplesme;abombshellcomesdownthestovepipeforyourgratificationandsendsthestovedoordownmythroat;afrienddropsintoswapcomplimentswithyou，andfrecklesmewithbullet-holestillmyskinwon’tholdmyprinciples;yougotodinner，andJonescomeswithhiscowhide，Gillespiethrowsmeoutofthewindow，Thompsontearsallmyclothesoff，andanentirestrangertakesmyscalpwiththeeasyfreedomofanoldacquaintance;andinlessthanfiveminutesalltheblackguardsinthecountryarriveintheirwar-paint，andproceedtoscaretherestofmetodeathwiththeirtomahawks。Takeitaltogether，IneverhadsuchaspiritedtimeinallmylifeasIhavehadto-day。No;Ilikeyou，andIlikeyourcalmunruffledwayofexplainingthingstothecustomers，butyouseeIamnotusedtoit。TheSouthernheartistooimpulsive;Southernhospitalityistoolavishwiththestranger。TheparagraphswhichIhavewrittento-day，andintowhosecoldsentencesyourmasterlyhandhasinfusedtheferventspiritofTennesseeanjournalism，willwakeupanothernestofhornets。Allthatmobofeditorswillcome——andtheywillcomehungry，too，andwantsomebodyforbreakfast。Ishallhavetobidyouadieu。Ideclinetobepresentatthesefestivities。IcameSouthformyhealth，Iwillgobackonthesameerrand，andsuddenly。Tennesseeanjournalismistoostirringforme。”
　　Afterwhichwepartedwithmutualregret，andItookapartmentsatthehospital。
　　THESTORYOFTHEBADLITTLEBOY——[Writtenabout1865]
　　OncetherewasabadlittleboywhosenamewasJim——though，ifyouwillnotice，youwillfindthatbadlittleboysarenearlyalwayscalledJamesinyourSunday-schoolbooks。Itwasstrange，butstillitwastrue，thatthisonewascalledJim。
　　Hedidn’thaveanysickmother，either——asickmotherwhowaspiousandhadtheconsumption，andwouldbegladtoliedowninthegraveandbeatrestbutforthestronglovesheboreherboy，andtheanxietyshefeltthattheworldmightbeharshandcoldtowardhimwhenshewasgone。
　　MostbadboysintheSundaybooksarenamedJames，andhavesickmothers，whoteachthemtosay，“Now，Ilaymedown，“etc。andsingthemtosleepwithsweet，plaintivevoices，andthenkissthemgoodnight，andkneeldownbythebedsideandweep。Butitwasdifferentwiththisfellow。
　　HewasnamedJim，andtherewasn’tanythingthematterwithhismother——noconsumption，noranythingofthatkind。Shewasratherstoutthanotherwise，andshewasnotpious;moreover，shewasnotanxiousonJim’saccount。Shesaidifheweretobreakhisneckitwouldn’tbemuchloss。
　　ShealwaysspankedJimtosleep，andsheneverkissedhimgoodnight;onthecontrary，sheboxedhisearswhenshewasreadytoleavehim。
　　Oncethislittlebadboystolethekeyofthepantry，andslippedinthereandhelpedhimselftosomejam，andfilledupthevesselwithtar，sothathismotherwouldneverknowthedifference;butallatonceaterriblefeelingdidn’tcomeoverhim，andsomethingdidn’tseemtowhispertohim，“Isitrighttodisobeymymother？，Isn’titsinfultodothis？，Wheredobadlittleboysgowhogobbleuptheirgoodkindmother’sjam？”andthenhedidn’tkneeldownallaloneandpromisenevertobewickedanymore，andriseupwithalight，happyheart，andgoandtellhismotherallaboutit，andbegherforgiveness，andbeblessedbyherwithtearsofprideandthankfulnessinhereyes。No;thatisthewaywithallotherbadboysinthebooks;butithappenedotherwisewiththisJim，strangelyenough。Heatethatjam，andsaiditwasbully，inhissinful，vulgarway;andheputinthetar，andsaidthatwasbullyalso，andlaughed，andobserved“thattheoldwomanwouldgetupandsnort“
　　whenshefounditout;andwhenshedidfinditout，hedeniedknowinganythingaboutit，andshewhippedhimseverely，andhedidthecryinghimself。Everythingaboutthisboywascurious——everythingturnedoutdifferentlywithhimfromthewayitdoestothebadJamesesinthebooks。
　　OnceheclimbedupinFarmerAcorn’sappletreetostealapples，andthelimbdidn’tbreak，andhedidn’tfallandbreakhisarm，andgettornbythefarmer’sgreatdog，andthenlanguishonasickbedforweeks，andrepentandbecomegood。Oh，no;hestoleasmanyapplesashewantedandcamedownallright;andhewasallreadyforthedog，too，andknockedhimendwayswithabrickwhenhecametotearhim。Itwasverystrange——nothinglikeiteverhappenedinthosemildlittlebookswithmarbledbacks，andwithpicturesinthemofmenwithswallow-tailedcoatsandbell-crownedhats，andpantaloonsthatareshortinthelegs，andwomenwiththewaistsoftheirdressesundertheirarms，andnohoopson。
　　NothinglikeitinanyoftheSunday-schoolbooks。
　　Oncehestoletheteacher’spenknife，and，whenhewasafraiditwouldbefoundoutandhewouldgetwhipped，heslippeditintoGeorgeWilson’scappoorWidowWilson’sson，themoralboy，thegoodlittleboyofthevillage，whoalwaysobeyedhismother，andnevertoldanuntruth，andwasfondofhislessons，andinfatuatedwithSunday-school。Andwhentheknifedroppedfromthecap，andpoorGeorgehunghisheadandblushed，asifinconsciousguilt，andthegrievedteacherchargedthetheftuponhim，andwasjustintheveryactofbringingtheswitchdownuponhistremblingshoulders，awhite-haired，improbablejusticeofthepeacedidnotsuddenlyappearintheirmidst，andstrikeanattitudeandsay，“Sparethisnobleboy——therestandsthecoweringculprit！，Iwaspassingtheschooldooratrecess，and，unseenmyself，Isawthetheftcommitted！”AndthenJimdidn’tgetwhaled，andthevenerablejusticedidn’treadthetearfulschoolahomily，andtakeGeorgebythehandandsaysuchboydeservedtobeexalted，andthentellhimcomeandmakehishomewithhim，andsweepouttheoffice，andmakefires，andrunerrands，andchopwood，andstudylaw，andhelphiswifedohouseholdlabors，andhaveallthebalanceofthetimetoplayandgetfortycentsamonth，andbehappy。Noitwouldhavehappenedthatwayinthebooks，butdidn’thappenthatwaytoJim。Nomeddlingoldclamofajusticedroppedintomaketrouble，andsothemodelboyGeorgegotthrashed，andJimwasgladofitbecause，youknow，Jimhatedmoralboys。Jimsaidhewas“downonthemmilksops。”，Suchwasthecoarselanguageofthisbad，neglectedboy。
　　ButthestrangestthingthateverhappenedtoJimwasthetimehewentboatingonSunday，anddidn’tgetdrowned，andthatothertimethathegotcaughtoutinthestormwhenhewasfishingonSundayanddidn’tgetstruckbylightning。Why，youmightlook，andlook，allthroughtheSunday-schoolbooksfromnowtillnextChristmas，andyouwouldnevercomeacrossanythinglikethis。Oh，no;youwouldfindthatallthebadboyswhogoboatingonSundayinvariablygetdrowned;andallthebadboyswhogetcaughtoutinstormswhentheyarefishingonSundayinfalliblygetstruckbylightning。BoatswithbadboysinthemalwaysupsetonSunday，anditalwaysstormswhenbadboysgofishingontheSabbath。HowthisJimeverescapedisa，mysterytome。
　　ThisJimboreacharmedlife——thatmusthavebeenthewayofit。Nothingcouldhurthim。Heevengavetheelephantinthemenagerieaplugoftobacco，andtheelephantdidn’tknockthetopofhisheadoffwithhistrunk。Hebrowsedaroundthecupboardafteressence-ofpeppermint，anddidn’tmakeamistakeanddrinkaquafortis。Hestolehisfather’sgunandwenthuntingontheSabbath，anddidn’tshootthreeorfourofhisfingersoff。Hestruckhislittlesisteronthetemplewithhisfistwhenhewasangry，andshedidn’tlingerinpainthroughlongsummerdays，anddiewithsweetwordsofforgivenessuponherlipsthatredoubledtheanguishofhisbreakingheart。No;shegotoverit。Heranoffandwenttoseaatlast，anddidn’tcomebackandfindhimselfsadandaloneintheworld，hislovedonessleepinginthequietchurchyard，andthevine-emboweredhomeofhisboyhoodtumbleddownandgonetodecay。Ah，no;hecamehomeasdrunkasapiper，andgotintothestation-housethefirstthing。
　　Andhegrewupandmarried，andraisedalargefamily，andbrainedthemallwithanaxonenight，andgotwealthybyallmannerofcheatingandrascality;andnowheistheinfernalestwickedestscoundrelinhisnativevillage，andisuniversallyrespected，andbelongstothelegislature。
　　SoyouseethereneverwasabadJamesintheSunday-schoolbooksthathadsuchastreakofluckasthissinfulJimwiththecharmedlife。
　　THESTORYOFTHEGOODLITTLEBOY——[Wittenabout1865]
　　OncetherewasagoodlittleboybythenameofJacobBlivens。Healwaysobeyedhisparents，nomatterhowabsurdandunreasonabletheirdemandswere;andhealwayslearnedhisbook，andneverwaslateatSabbath-
　　school。Hewouldnotplayhookey，evenwhenhissoberjudgmenttoldhimitwasthemostprofitablethinghecoulddo。Noneoftheotherboyscouldevermakethatboyout，heactedsostrangely。Hewouldn’tlie，nomatterhowconvenientitwas。Hejustsaiditwaswrongtolie，andthatwassufficientforhim。Andhewassohonestthathewassimplyridiculous。ThecuriouswaysthatthatJacobhad，surpassedeverything。
　　Hewouldn’tplaymarblesonSunday，hewouldn’trobbirds’nests，hewouldn’tgivehotpenniestoorgan-grinders’monkeys;hedidn’tseemtotakeanyinterestinanykindofrationalamusement。Sotheotherboysusedtotrytoreasonitoutandcometoanunderstandingofhim，buttheycouldn’tarriveatanysatisfactoryconclusion。AsIsaidbefore，theycouldonlyfigureoutasortofvagueideathathewas“afflicted，“
　　andsotheytookhimundertheirprotection，andneverallowedanyharmtocometohim。
　　ThisgoodlittleboyreadalltheSunday-schoolbooks;theywerehisgreatestdelight。Thiswasthewholesecretofit。HebelievedinthegoldlittleboystheyputintheSunday-schoolbook;hehadeveryconfidenceinthem。Helongedtocomeacrossoneofthemaliveonce;
　　butheneverdid。Theyalldiedbeforehistime，maybe。Wheneverhereadaboutaparticularlygoodoneheturnedoverquicklytotheendtoseewhatbecameofhim，becausehewantedtotravelthousandsofmilesandgazeonhim;butitwasn’tanyuse;thatgoodlittleboyalwaysdiedinthelastchapter，andtherewasapictureofthefuneral，withallhisrelationsandtheSunday-schoolchildrenstandingaroundthegraveinpantaloonsthatweretooshort，andbonnetsthatweretoolarge，andeverybodycryingintohandkerchiefsthathadasmuchasayardandahalfofstuffinthem。Hewasalwaysheadedoffinthisway。Henevercouldseeoneofthosegoodlittleboysonaccountofhisalwaysdyinginthelastchapter。
　　JacobhadanobleambitiontobeputinaSundayschoolbook。Hewantedtobeputin，withpicturesrepresentinghimgloriouslydecliningtolietohismother，andherweepingforjoyaboutit;andpicturesrepresentinghimstandingonthedoorstepgivingapennytoapoorbeggar-womanwithsixchildren，andtellinghertospenditfreely，butnottobeextravagant，becauseextravaganceisasin;andpicturesofhimmagnanimouslyrefusingtotellonthebadboywhoalwayslayinwaitforhimaroundthecornerashecamefromschool，andweltedhimsoovertheheadwithalath，andthenchasedhimhome，saying，“Hi！hi！”asheproceeded。ThatwastheambitionofyoungJacobBlivens。HewishedtobeputinaSunday-schoolbook。Itmadehimfeelalitheuncomfortablesometimeswhenhereflectedthatthegoodlittleboysalwaysdied。Helovedtolive，youknow，andthiswasthemostunpleasantfeatureaboutbeingaSunday-school-booboy。Heknewitwasnothealthytobegood。
　　Heknewitwasmorefatalthanconsumptiontobesosupernaturallygoodastheboysinthebookswereheknewthatnoneofthemhadeverbeenabletostanditlong，anditpainedhimtothinkthatiftheyputhiminabookhewouldn’teverseeit，oreveniftheydidgetthebookoutbeforehedieditwouldn’tbepopularwithoutanypictureofhisfuneralinthebackpartofit。Itcouldn’tbemuchofaSunday-schoolbookthatcouldn’ttellabouttheadvicehegavetothecommunitywhenhewasdying。Soatlast，ofcourse，hehadtomakeuphismindtodothebesthecouldunderthecircumstances——toliveright，andhangonaslongashecouldandhavehisdyingspeechallreadywhenhistimecame。
　　Butsomehownothingeverwentrightwiththegoodlittleboy;nothingeverturnedoutwithhimthewayitturnedoutwiththegoodlittleboysinthebooks。Theyalwayshadagoodtime，andthebadboyshadthebrokenlegs;butinhiscasetherewasascrewloosesomewhere，anditallhappenedjusttheotherway。WhenhefoundJimBlakestealingapples，andwentunderthetreetoreadtohimaboutthebadlittleboywhofelloutofaneighbor’sappletreeandbrokehisarm，Jimfelloutofthetree，too，buthefellonhimandbrokehisarm，andJimwasn’thurtatall。Jacobcouldn’tunderstandthat。Therewasn’tanythinginthebookslikeit。
　　Andonce，whensomebadboyspushedablindmanoverinthemud，andJacobrantohelphimupandreceivehisblessing，theblindmandidnotgivehimanyblessingatall，butwhackedhimovertheheadwithhisstickandsaidhewouldliketocatchhimshovinghimagain，andthenpretendingtohelphimup。Thiswasnotinaccordancewithanyofthebooks。Jacoblookedthemallovertosee。
　　OnethingthatJacobwantedtodowastofindalamedogthathadn’tanyplacetostay，andwashungryandpersecuted，andbringhimhomeandpethimandhavethatdog’simperishablegratitude。Andatlasthefoundoneandwashappy;andhebroughthimhomeandfedhim，butwhenhewasgoingtopethimthedogflewathimandtorealltheclothesoffhimexceptthosethatwereinfront，andmadeaspectacleofhimthatwasastonishing。Heexaminedauthorities，buthecouldnotunderstandthematter。Itwasofthesamebreedofdogsthatwasinthebooks，butitactedverydifferently。Whateverthisboydidhegotintotrouble。Theverythingstheboysinthebooksgotrewardedforturnedouttobeaboutthemostunprofitablethingshecouldinvestin。
　　Once，whenhewasonhiswaytoSunday-school，hesawsomebadboysstartingoffpleasuringinasailboat。Hewasfilledwithconsternation，becauseheknewfromhisreadingthatboyswhowentsailingonSundayinvariablygotdrowned。Soheranoutonarafttowarnthem，butalogturnedwithhimandslidhimintotheriver。Amangothimoutprettysoon，andthedoctorpumpedthewateroutofhim，andgavehimafreshstartwithhisbellows，buthecaughtcoldandlaysickabednineweeks。
　　Butthemostunaccountablethingaboutitwasthatthebadboysintheboathadagoodtimeallday，andthenreachedhomealiveandwellinthemostsurprisingmanner。JacobBlivenssaidtherewasnothinglikethesethingsinthebooks。Hewasperfectlydumfounded。
　　Whenhegotwellhewasalittlediscouraged，butheresolvedtokeepontryinganyhow。Heknewthatsofarhisexperienceswouldn’tdotogoinabook，buthehadn’tyetreachedtheallottedtermoflifeforgoodlittleboys，andhehopedtobeabletomakearecordyetifhecouldholdontillhistimewasfullyup。Ifeverythingelsefailedhehadhisdyingspeechtofallbackon。
　　Heexaminedhisauthorities，andfoundthatitwasnowtimeforhimtogotoseaasacabin-boy。Hecalledonaship-captainandmadehisapplication，andwhenthecaptainaskedforhisrecommendationsheproudlydrewoutatractandpointedtotheword，“ToJacobBlivens，fromhisaffectionateteacher。”，Butthecaptainwasacoarse，vulgarman，andhesaid，“Oh，thatbeblowed！thatwasn’tanyproofthatheknewhowtowashdishesorhandleaslush-bucket，andheguessedhedidn’twanthim。”
　　ThiswasaltogetherthemostextraordinarythingthateverhappenedtoJacobinallhislife。Acomplimentfromateacher，onatract，hadneverfailedtomovethetenderestemotionsofship-captains，andopenthewaytoallofficesofhonorandprofitintheirgiftitneverhadinanybookthateverhehadread。Hecouldhardlybelievehissenses。
　　Thisboyalwayshadahardtimeofit。Nothingevercameoutaccordingtotheauthoritieswithhim。Atlast，oneday，whenhewasaroundhuntingupbadlittleboystoadmonish，hefoundalotofthemintheoldiron-foundryfixingupalittlejokeonfourteenorfifteendogs，whichtheyhadtiedtogetherinlongprocession，andweregoingtoornamentwithemptynitroglycerincansmadefasttotheirtails。Jacob’sheartwastouched。Hesatdownononeofthosecansforhenevermindedgreasewhendutywasbeforehim，andhetookholdoftheforemostdogbythecollar，andturnedhisreprovingeyeuponwickedTomJones。ButjustatthatmomentAldermanMcWelter，fullofwrath，steppedin。Allthebadboysranaway，butJacobBlivensroseinconsciousinnocenceandbeganoneofthosestatelylittleSunday-school-bookspeecheswhichalwayscommencewith“Oh，sir！”indeadoppositiontothefactthatnoboy，goodorbad，everstartsaremarkwith“Oh，sir。”，Butthealdermanneverwaitedtoheartherest。HetookJacobBlivensbytheearandturnedhimaround，andhithimawhackintherearwiththeflatofhishand;andinaninstantthatgoodlittleboyshotoutthroughtheroofandsoaredawaytowardthesunwiththefragmentsofthosefifteendogsstringingafterhimlikethetailofakite。Andtherewasn’tasignofthataldermanorthatoldiron-foundryleftonthefaceoftheearth;and，asforyoungJacobBlivens，henevergotachancetomakehislastdyingspeechafterallhistroublefixingitup，unlesshemadeittothebirds;because，althoughthebulkofhimcamedownallrightinatree-topinanadjoiningcounty，therestofhimwasapportionedaroundamongfourtownships，andsotheyhadtoholdfiveinquestsonhimtofindoutwhetherhewasdeadornot，andhowitoccurred。Youneversawaboyscatteredso——[Thisglycerincatastropheisborrowedfromafloatingnewspaperitem，whoseauthor’snameIwouldgiveifIknewit——M。T。]
　　Thusperishedthegoodlittleboywhodidthebesthecould，butdidn’tcomeoutaccordingtothebooks。Everyboywhoeverdidashedidprosperedexcepthim。Hiscaseistrulyremarkable。Itwillprobablyneverbeaccountedfor。
　　ACOUPLEOFPOEMSBYTWAINANDMOORE——[Writtenabout1865]
　　THOSEEVENINGBELLS
　　BYTHOMASMOORE
　　Thoseeveningbells！，thoseeveningbells！
　　HowmanyataletheirmusictellsOfyouth，andhome，andthatsweettimeWhenlastIheardtheirsoothingchime。
　　Thosejoyoushoursarepassedaway;
　　Andmanyaheartthatthenwasgay，Withinthetombnowdarklydwells，Andhearsnomorethoseeveningbells。
　　Andso’twillbewhenIamgoneThattunefulpealwillstillringon;
　　Whileotherbardsshallwalkthesedells，Andsingyourpraise，sweeteveningbells。
　　THOSEANNUALBILLS
　　BYMARKTWAIN
　　Theseannualbills！theseannualbills！
　　HowmanyasongtheirdiscordtrillsOf“truck“consumed，enjoyed，forgot，SinceIwasskinnedbylastyear’slot！
　　Thosejoyousbeansarepassedaway;
　　Thoseonionsblithe，Owherearethey？
　　Onceloved，lost，mourned——nowvexingILLS
　　Yourshadestroopbackinannualbills！
　　Andso’twillbewhenI’magroundTheseyearlydunswillstillgoround，Whileotherbards，withfranticquills，Shalldamnanddamntheseannualbills！
　　NIAGARA[Writtenabout1871。]
　　NiagaraFallsisamostenjoyableplaceofresort。Thehotelsareexcellent，andthepricesnotatallexorbitant。Theopportunitiesforfishingarenotsurpassedinthecountry;infact，theyarenotevenequaledelsewhere。Because，inotherlocalities，certainplacesinthestreamsaremuchbetterthanothers;butatNiagaraoneplaceisjustasgoodasanother，forthereasonthatthefishdonotbiteanywhere，andsothereisnouseinyourwalkingfivemilestofish，whenyoucandependonbeingjustasunsuccessfulnearerhome。Theadvantagesofthisstateofthingshaveneverheretoforebeenproperlyplacedbeforethepublic。
　　Theweatheriscoolinsummer，andthewalksanddrivesareallpleasantandnoneofthemfatiguing。Whenyoustartoutto“do“theFallsyoufirstdrivedownaboutamile，andpayasmallsumfortheprivilegeoflookingdownfromaprecipiceintothenarrowestpartoftheNiagaraRiver。Arailway“cut“throughahillwouldbeascomelyifithadtheangryrivertumblingandfoamingthroughitsbottom。Youcandescendastaircasehereahundredandfiftyfeetdown，andstandattheedgeofthewater。Afteryouhavedoneit，youwillwonderwhyyoudidit;butyouwillthenbetoolate。
　　Theguidewillexplaintoyou，inhisblood-curdlingway，howhesawthelittlesteamer，MaidoftheMist，descendthefearfulrapids——howfirstonepaddle-boxwasoutofsightbehindtheragingbillowsandthentheother，andatwhatpointitwasthathersmokestacktoppledoverboard，andwhereherplankingbegantobreakandpartasunder——andhowshedidfinallylivethroughthetrip，afteraccomplishingtheincrediblefeatoftravelingseventeenmilesinsixminutes，orsixmilesinseventeenminutes，Ihavereallyforgottenwhich。Butitwasveryextraordinary，anyhow。Itisworththepriceofadmissiontoheartheguidetellthestoryninetimesinsuccessiontodifferentparties，andnevermissawordoralterasentenceoragesture。
　　ThenyoudriveovertoSuspensionBridge，anddivideyourmiserybetweenthechancesofsmashingdowntwohundredfeetintotheriverbelow，andthechancesofhavingtherailway-trainoverheadsmashingdownontoyou。
　　Eitherpossibilityisdiscomfortingtakenbyitself，but，mixedtogether，theyamountintheaggregatetopositiveunhappiness。
　　OntheCanadasideyoudrivealongthechasmbetweenlongranksofphotographersstandingguardbehindtheircameras，readytomakeanostentatiousfrontispieceofyouandyourdecayingambulance，andyoursolemncratewithahideonit，whichyouareexpectedtoregardinthelightofahorse，andadiminishedandunimportantbackgroundofsublimeNiagara;andagreatmanypeoplehavetheincredibleeffronteryorthenativedepravitytoaidandabetthissortofcrime。
　　Anyday，inthehandsofthesephotographers，youmayseestatelypicturesofpapaandmamma，JohnnyandBubandSisoracoupleofcountrycousins，allsmilingvacantly，andalldisposedinstudiedanduncomfortableattitudesintheircarriage，andallloomingupintheirawe-inspiringimbecilitybeforethesnubbedanddiminishedpresentmentofthatmajesticpresencewhoseministeringspiritsaretherainbows，whosevoiceisthethunder，whoseawfulfrontisveiledinclouds，whowasmonarchheredeadandforgottenagesbeforethishackfulofsmallreptileswasdeemedtemporarilynecessarytofillacrackintheworld’sunnotedmyriads，andwillstillbemonarchhereagesanddecadesofagesaftertheyshallhavegatheredthemselvestotheirblood-relations，theotherworms，andbeenmingledwiththeunrememberingdust。
　　ThereisnoactualharminmakingNiagaraabackgroundwhereontodisplayone’smarvelousinsignificanceinagoodstronglight，butitrequiresasortofsuperhumanself-complacencytoenableonetodoit。
　　WhenyouhaveexaminedthestupendousHorseshoeFalltillyouaresatisfiedyoucannotimproveonit，youreturntoAmericabythenewSuspensionBridge，andfollowupthebanktowheretheyexhibittheCaveoftheWinds。
　　HereIfollowedinstructions，anddivestedmyselfofallmyclothing，andputonawaterproofjacketandoveralls。Thiscostumeispicturesque，butnotbeautiful。Aguide，similarlydressed，ledthewaydownaflightofwindingstairs，whichwoundandwound，andstillkeptonwindinglongafterthethingceasedtobeanovelty，andthenterminatedlongbeforeithadbeguntobeapleasure。Wewerethenwelldownundertheprecipice，butstillconsiderablyabovetheleveloftheriver。
　　Wenowbegantocreepalongflimsybridgesofasingleplank，ourpersonsshieldedfromdestructionbyacrazywoodenrailing，towhichIclungwithbothhands——notbecauseIwasafraid，butbecauseIwantedto。
　　Presentlythedescentbecamesteeperandthebridgeflimsier，andspraysfromtheAmericanFallbegantoraindownonusinfastincreasingsheetsthatsoonbecameblinding，andafterthatourprogresswasmostlyinthenatureofgroping。Novaafuriouswindbegantorushoutfrombehindthewaterfall，whichseemeddeterminedtosweepusfromthebridge，andscatterusontherocksandamongthetorrentsbelow。IremarkedthatI
　　wantedtogohome;butitwastoolate。Wewerealmostunderthemonstrouswallofwaterthunderingdownfromabove，andspeechwasinvaininthemidstofsuchapitilesscrashofsound。
　　Inanothermomenttheguidedisappearedbehindthedeluge，andbewilderedbythethunder，drivenhelplesslybythewind，andsmittenbythearrowytempestofrain，Ifollowed。Allwasdarkness。Suchamadstorming，roaring，andbellowingofwarringwindandwaternevercrazedmyearsbefore。Ibentmyhead，andseemedtoreceivetheAtlanticonmyback。
　　Theworldseemedgoingtodestruction。Icouldnotseeanything，thefloodpoureddownsavagely。Iraisedmyhead，withopenmouth，andthemostoftheAmericancataractwentdownmythroat。IfIhadsprungaleaknowIhadbeenlost。AndatthismomentIdiscoveredthatthebridgehadceased，andwemusttrustforafootholdtotheslipperyandprecipitousrocks。Ineverwassoscaredbeforeandsurvivedit。Butwegotthroughatlast，andemergedintotheopenday，wherewecouldstandinfrontofthelacedandfrothyandseethingworldofdescendingwater，andlookatit。WhenIsawhowmuchofittherewas，andhowfearfullyinearnestitwas，IwassorryIhadgonebehindit。
　　ThenobleRedManhasalwaysbeenafriendanddarlingofmine。Ilovetoreadabouthimintalesandlegendsandromances。Ilovetoreadofhisinspiredsagacity，andhisloveofthewildfreelifeofmountainandforest，andhisgeneralnobilityofcharacter，andhisstatelymetaphoricalmannerofspeech，andhischivalrouslovefortheduskymaiden，andthepicturesquepompofhisdressandaccoutrements。
　　Especiallythepicturesquepompofhisdressandaccoutrements。WhenI
　　foundtheshopsatNiagaraFallsfullofdaintyIndianbeadwork，andstunningmoccasins，andequallystunningtoyfiguresrepresentinghumanbeingswhocarriedtheirweaponsinholesboredthroughtheirarmsandbodies，andhadfeetshapedlikeapie，Iwasfilledwithemotion。
　　Iknewthatnow，atlast，IwasgoingtocomefacetofacewiththenobleRedMan。
　　Aladyclerkinashoptoldme，indeed，thatallhergrandarrayofcuriositiesweremadebytheIndians，andthattheywereplentyabouttheFalls，andthattheywerefriendly，anditwouldnotbedangeroustospeaktothem。Andsureenough，asIapproachedthebridgeleadingovertoLunaIsland，IcameuponanobleSonoftheForestsittingunderatree，diligentlyatworkonabeadreticule。Heworeaslouchhatandbrogans，andhadashortblackpipeinhismouth。ThusdoesthebanefulcontactwithoureffeminatecivilizationdilutethepicturesquepompwhichissonaturaltotheIndianwhenfarremovedfromusinhisnativehaunts。Iaddressedtherelicasfollows：
　　“IstheWawhoo-Wang-WangoftheWhack-a-Whackhappy？，DoesthegreatSpeckledThundersighforthewar-path，orishisheartcontentedwithdreamingoftheduskymaiden，thePrideoftheForest？，DoesthemightySachemyearntodrinkthebloodofhisenemies，orishesatisfiedtomakebeadreticulesforthepappoosesofthepaleface？，Speak，sublimerelicofbygonegrandeur——venerableruin，speak！”
　　Therelicsaid：
　　“An’isitmesilf，DennisHooligan，thatye’dbetakon’foradirtyInjin，yedrawlin’，lantern-jawed，spider-leggeddivil！，BythepiperthatplayedbeforeMoses，I’llateye！”
　　Iwentawayfromthere。
　　Byandby，intheneighborhoodoftheTerrapinTower，Icameuponagentledaughteroftheaboriginesinfringedandbeadedbuckskinmoccasinsandleggins，seatedonabenchwithherprettywaresabouther。
　　Shehadjustcarvedoutawoodenchiefthathadastrongfamilyresemblancetoaclothes-pin，andwasnowboringaholethroughhisabdomentoputhisbowthrough。Ihesitatedamoment，andthenaddressedher：
　　“Istheheartoftheforestmaidenheavy？，IstheLaughingTadpolelonely？，Doesshemournovertheextinguishedcouncil-firesofherrace，andthevanishedgloryofherancestors？，Ordoeshersadspiritwanderafartowardthehunting-groundswhitherherbraveGobbler-of-the-
　　Lightningsisgone？，Whyismydaughtersilent？，Hassheoughtagainstthepalefacestranger？”
　　Themaidensaid：
　　“Faix，an’isitBiddyMaloneyedaretobecallin’names？，Lavethis，orI’llshyyourleancarcassoverthecataract，yesnivelingblaggard！”
　　Iadjournedfromtherealso。
　　“ConfoundtheseIndians！”Isaid。”Theytoldmetheyweretame;but，ifappearancesgoforanything，Ishouldsaytheywereallonthewarpath。”
　　Imadeonemoreattempttofraternizewiththem，andonlyone。Icameuponacampofthemgatheredintheshadeofagreattree，makingwampumandmoccasins，andaddressedtheminthelanguageoffriendship：
　　“NobleRedMen，Braves，GrandSachems，WarChiefs，Squaws，andHighMuck-
　　a-Mucks，thepalefacefromthelandofthesettingsungreetsyou！You，BeneficentPolecat——you，DevourerofMountains——you，RoaringThundergust——you，BullyBoywithaGlasseye——thepalefacefrombeyondthegreatwatersgreetsyouall！Warandpestilencehavethinnedyourranksanddestroyedyouronceproudnation。Pokerandseven-up，andavainmodernexpenseforsoap，unknowntoyourgloriousancestors，havedepletedyourpurses。Appropriating，inyoursimplicity，thepropertyofothershasgottenyouintotrouble。Misrepresentingfacts，inyoursimpleinnocence，hasdamagedyourreputationwiththesoullessusurper。
　　Tradingforforty-rodwhisky，toenableyoutogetdrunkandhappyandtomahawkyourfamilies，hasplayedtheeverlastingmischiefwiththepicturesquepompofyourdress，andhereyouare，inthebroadlightofthenineteenthcentury，gottenupliketheragtagandbobtailofthepurlieusofNewYork。Forshame！，Rememberyourancestors！，Recalltheirmightydeeds！，RememberUncas！——andRedjacket！andHoleintheDay！——
　　andWhoopdedoodledo！，Emulatetheirachievements！，Unfurlyourselvesundermybanner，noblesavages，illustriousguttersnipes——“
　　“Downwidhim！”“Scooptheblaggard！”“Burnhim！”“Banghim！”
　　“Dhroundhim！”
　　Itwasthequickestoperationthateverwas。Isimplysawasuddenflashintheairofclubs，brickbats，fists，bead-baskets，andmoccasins——asingleflash，andtheyallappearedtohitmeatonce，andnotwooftheminthesameplace。Inthenextinstanttheentiretribewasuponme。
　　Theytorehalftheclothesoffme;theybrokemyarmsandlegs;theygavemeathumpthatdentedthetopofmyheadtillitwouldholdcoffeelikeasaucer;and，tocrowntheirdisgracefulproceedingsandaddinsulttoinjury，theythrewmeovertheNiagaraFalls，andIgotwet。
　　Aboutninetyorahundredfeetfromthetop，theremainsofmyvestcaughtonaprojectingrock，andIwasalmostdrownedbeforeIcouldgetloose。Ifinallyfell，andbroughtupinaworldofwhitefoamatthefootoftheFall，whosecelledandbubblymassestoweredupseveralinchesabovemyhead。OfcourseIgotintotheeddy。Isailedroundandroundinitforty-fourtimes——chasingachipandgainingonit——eachroundtripahalf-mile——reachingforthesamebushonthebankforty-fourtimes，andjustexactlymissingitbyahair’s-breadtheverytime。
　　Atlastamanwalkeddownandsatdownclosetothatbush，andputapipeinhismouth，andlitamatch，andfollowedmewithoneeyeandkepttheotheronthematch，whilehesheltereditinhishandsfromthewind。
　　Presentlyapuffofwindblewitout。ThenexttimeIsweptaroundhesaid：
　　“Gotamatch？”
　　“Yes;inmyothervest。Helpmeout，please。”
　　“NotforJoe。”
　　WhenIcameroundagain，Isaid：
　　“Excusetheseeminglyimpertinentcuriosityofadrowningman，butwillyouexplainthissingularconductofyours？”
　　“Withpleasure。Iamthecoroner。Don’thurryonmyaccount。Icanwaitforyou。ButIwishIhadamatch。”
　　Isaid：“Takemyplace，andI’llgoandgetyouone。”
　　Hedeclined。Thislackofconfidenceonhispartcreatedacoldnessbetweenus，andfromthattimeforwardIavoidedhim。Itwasmyidea，incaseanythinghappenedtome，tosotimetheoccurrenceastothrowmycustomintothehandsoftheoppositioncoronerontheAmericanside。
　　Atlastapolicemancamealong，andarrestedmefordisturbingthepeacebyyellingatpeopleonshoreforhelp。Thejudgefinedme，buthadtheadvantageofhim。Mymoneywaswithmypantaloons，andmypantaloonswerewiththeIndians。
　　ThusIescaped。Iamnowlyinginaverycriticalcondition。AtleastI
　　amlyinganyway——criticalornotcritical。Iamhurtallover，butI
　　cannottellthefullextentyet，becausethedoctorisnotdonetakinginventory。Hewillmakeoutmymanifestthisevening。However，thusfarhethinksonlysixteenofmywoundsarefatal。Idon’tmindtheothers。
　　Uponregainingmyrightmind，Isaid：
　　“ItisanawfulsavagetribeofIndiansthatdothebeadworkandmoccasinsforNiagaraFalls，doctor。Wherearetheyfrom？”
　　“Limerick，myson。”
　　ANSWERSTOCORRESPONDENTS——[Writtenabout1865。]
　　“MORALSTATISTICIAN。”——Idon’twantanyofyourstatistics;Itookyourwholebatchandlitmypipewithit。Ihateyourkindofpeople。Youarealwayscipheringouthowmuchaman’shealthisinjured，andhowmuchhisintellectisimpaired，andhowmanypitifuldollarsandcentshewastesinthecourseofninety-twoyears’indulgenceinthefatalpracticeofsmoking;andintheequallyfatalpracticeofdrinkingcoffee;andinplayingbilliardsoccasionally;andintakingaglassofwineatdinner，etc。etc。etc。Andyouarealwaysfiguringouthowmanywomenhavebeenburnedtodeathbecauseofthedangerousfashionofwearingexpansivehoops，etc。etc。etc。Youneverseemorethanonesideofthequestion。YouareblindtothefactthatmostoldmeninAmericasmokeanddrinkcoffee，although，accordingtoyourtheory，theyoughttohavediedyoung;andthatheartyoldEnglishmendrinkwineandsurviveit，andportlyoldDutchmenbothdrinkandsmokefreely，andyetgrowolderandfatterallthetime。Andyouneverbytofindouthowmuchsolidcomfort，relaxation，andenjoymentamanderivesfromsmokinginthecourseofalifetimewhichisworthtentimesthemoneyhewouldsavebylettingitalone，northeappallingaggregateofhappinesslostinalifetimeyourkindofpeoplefromnotsmoking。Ofcourseyoucansavemoneybydenyingyourselfallthelittleviciousenjoymentsforfiftyyears;butthenwhatcanyoudowithit？，Whatusecanyouputitto？，Moneycan’tsaveyourinfinitesimalsoul。Alltheusethatmoneycanbeputtoistopurchasecomfortandenjoymentinthislife;
　　therefore，asyouareanenemytocomfortandenjoyment，whereistheuseofaccumulatingcash？，Itwon’tdoforyousaythatyoucanuseittobetterpurposeinfurnishingagoodtable，andincharities，andinsupportingtractsocieties，becauseyouknowyourselfthatyoupeoplewhohavenopettyvicesareneverknowntogiveawayacent，andthatyoustintyourselvessointhematteroffoodthatyouarealwaysfeebleandhungry。Andyouneverdaretolaughinthedaytimeforfearsomepoorwretch，seeingyouinagoodhumor，willtrytoborrowadollarofyou;
　　andinchurchyouarealwaysdownonyourknees，withyoureyesburiedinthecushion，whenthecontribution-boxcomesaround;andyounevergivetherevenueofficer：fullstatementofyourincome。Nowyouknowthesethingsyourself，don’tyou？，Verywell，thenwhatistheuseofyourstringingoutyourmiserablelivestoaleanandwitheredoldage？，Whatistheuseofyoursavingmoneythatissoutterlyworthlesstoyou？，Inaword，whydon’tyougooffsomewhereanddie，andnotbealwaystryingtoseducepeopleintobecomingas“ornery“andunlovableasyouareyourselves，byyourvillainous“moralstatistics“？，NowIdon’tapproveofdissipation，andIdon’tindulgeinit，either;butIhaven’taparticleofconfidenceinamanwhohasnoredeemingpettyvices，andsoIdon’twanttohearfromyouanymore。Ithinkyouaretheverysamemanwhoreadmealonglecturelastweekaboutthedegradingviceofsmokingcigars，andthencameback，inmyabsence，withyourreprehensiblefireproofgloveson，andcarriedoffmybeautifulparlorstove。
　　“YOUNGAUTHOR。”——Yes，Agassizdoesrecommendauthorstoeatfish，becausethephosphorusinitmakesbrain。Sofaryouarecorrect。ButIcannothelpyoutoadecisionabouttheamountyouneedtoeat——atleast，notwithcertainty。Ifthespecimencompositionyousendisaboutyourfairusualaverage，Ishouldjudgethatperhapsacoupleofwhaleswouldbeallyouwouldwantforthepresent。Notthelargestkind，butsimplygood，middling-sizedwhales。
　　“SIMONWHEELER，“Sonora——Thefollowingsimpleandtouchingremarksandaccompanyingpoemhavejustcometohandfromtherichgold-miningregionofSonora：
　　ToMr。MarkTwain：Thewithinparson，whichIhavesettopoetryunderthenameandstyleof“HeDoneHisLevelBest，“wasoneamongthewhitestmenIeversee，anditain’teverymanthatknowedhimthatcanfinditinhishearttosayhe’sgladthepoorcussisbustedandgonehometotheStates。Hewashereinanearlyday，andhewasthehandyestmanabouttakin’holtofanythingthatcomealongyoumosteversee，Ijudge。Hewasacheerful，stirnn’
　　cretur，alwaysdoin’somethin’，andnomancansayheeverseehimdoanythingbyhalvers。Preachinwashisnateralgait，buthewarn’tamantolaybackatwidlehisthumbsbecausetheredidn’thappentobenothin’doinhisownespecialline——no，sir，hewasamanwhowouldmeanderforthandstirupsomethingforhisself。Hislastactswastogohispileon“Kings-and“calkatin’tofill，butwhichhedidn’tfill，whentherewasa“flush“outaginhim，andnaterally，yousee，hewentunder。Andsohewascleanedoutasyoumaysay，andhestruckthehome-trail，cheerfulbutflatbroke。I
　　knowedthistalontedmaninArkansaw，andifyouwouldprintthishumblytributetohisgorgisabilities，youwouldgreatlyobleegehisonhappyfriend。
　　HEDONEHISLEVELBEST
　　Washeaminingontheflat——
　　Hedoneitwithazest;
　　Washealeadingofthechoir——
　　Hedonehislevelbest。
　　Ifhe’dareg’lartasktodo，Henevertooknorest;
　　Orif’twasoff-and-on-thesame——
　　Hedonehislevelbest。
　　Ifhewaspreachin’onhisbeat，He’dtrampfromeasttowest，Andnorthtosouth-incoldandheatHedonehislevelbest。
　　He’dyankasinneroutenHades，**
　　Andlandhimwiththeblest;
　　Thensnatchaprayer’nwaltzinagain，Anddohislevelbest。
　　**HereIhavetakenaslightlibertywiththeoriginalMS。”Hades“
　　doesnotmakesuchgoodmeterastheotherwordofonesyllable，butitsoundsbetter。
　　He’dcussandsingandhowlandpray，Anddanceanddrinkandjest，Andlieandsteal-allonetohim——
　　Hedonehislevelbest。
　　Whate’erthismanwassottodo，Hedoneitwithazest;
　　Nomatterwhathiscontractwas，HE’DDOHISLEVELBEST。
　　Verily，thismanwasgiftedwith“gorgisabilities，“anditisahappinesstometoembalmthememoryoftheirlusterinthesecolumns。
　　IfitwerenotthatthepoetcropisunusuallylargeandrankinCaliforniathisyear，Iwouldencourageyoutocontinuewriting，SimonWheeler;but，asitis，perhapsitmightbetooriskyinyoutoenteragainstsomuchopposition。
　　“PROFESSIONALBEGGAR。”——NO;youarenotobligedtotakegreenbacksatpar。
　　“MELTONMOWBRAY，“DutchFlat——Thiscorrespondentsendsalotofdoggerel，andsaysithasbeenregardedasverygoodinDutchFlat。I
　　giveaspecimenverse：
　　TheAssyriancamedownlikeawolfonthefold，Andhiscohortsweregleamingwithpurpleandgold;
　　Andthesheenofhisspearswaslikestarsonthesea，WhenthebluewaverollsnightlyondeepGalilee。**
　　**Thispieceofpleasantry，publishedinaSanFranciscopaper，wasmistakenbythecountryjournalsforseriousness，andmanyandloudwerethedenunciationsoftheignoranceofauthorandeditor，innotknowingthatthelinesinquestionwere“writtenbyByron。”
　　There，thatwilldo。ThatmaybeverygoodDutchFlatpoetry，butitwon’tdointhemetropolis。Itistoosmoothandblubbery;itreadslikebuttermilkgurglingfromajug。Whatthepeopleoughttohaveissomethingspirited——somethinglike“JohnnyComesMarchingHome。”，Howeverkeeponpractising，andyoumaysucceedyet。Thereisgeniusinyou，buttoomuchblubber。
　　“ST。CLAIRHIGGINS。”LosAngeles——“Mylifeisafailure;Ihaveadored，wildly，madly，andshewhomIlovehasturnedcoldlyfrommeandshedheraffectionsuponanother。Whatwouldyouadvisemetodo？”
　　Youshouldsetyouraffectionsonanotheralso——oronseveral，ifthereareenoughtogoround。Also，doeverythingyoucantomakeyourformerflameunhappy。Thereisanabsurdideadisseminatedinnovels，thatthehappieragirliswithanotherman，thehappieritmakestheoldlovershehasblighted。Don’tallowyourselftobelieveanysuchnonsenseasthat。Themorecausethatgirlfindstoregretthatshedidnotmarryyou，themorecomfortableyouwillfeeloverit。Itisn’tpoetical，butitismightysounddoctrine。
　　“ARITIIMETICUS。”Virginia，Nevada——“Ifitwouldtakeacannon-ball3and1/3secondstotravelfourmiles，and3and3/8secondstotravelthenextfour，and3and5/8totravelthenextfour，andifitsrateofprogresscontinuedtodiminishinthesameratio，howlongwouldittakeittogofifteenhundredmillionmiles？”
　　Idon’tknow。
　　“AMBITIOUSLEARNER，“Oakland——Yes;youarerightAmericawasnotdiscoveredbyAlexanderSelkirk。
　　“DISCARDEDLOVER。”——“Iloved，andstilllove，thebeautifulEdwithaHoward，andintendedtomarryher。Yet，duringmytemporaryabsenceatBenicia，lastweek，alas！shemarriedJones。Ismyhappinesstobethusblastedforlife？HaveInoredress？”
　　Ofcourseyouhave。Allthelaw，writtenandunwritten，isonyourside。
　　Theintentionandnottheactconstitutescrime——inotherwords，constitutesthedeed。Ifyoucallyourbosomfriendafool，andintenditforaninsult，itisaninsult;butifyoudoitplayfully，andmeaningnoinsult，itisnotaninsult。Ifyoudischargeapistolaccidentally，andkillaman，youcangofree，foryouhavedonenomurder;butifyoutrytokillaman，andmanifestlyintendtokillhim，butfailutterlytodoit，thelawstillholdsthattheintentionconstitutedthecrime，andyouareguiltyofmurder。Ergo，ifyouhadmarriedEdwithaaccidentally，andwithoutreallyintendingtodoit，youwouldnotactuallybemarriedtoheratall，becausetheactofmarriagecouldnotbecompletewithouttheintention。Andergo，inthestrictspiritofthelaw，sinceyoudeliberatelyintendedtomarryEdwitha，anddidn’tdoit，youaremarriedtoherallthesame——because，asIsaidbefore，theintentionconstitutesthecrime。ItisasclearasdaythatEdwithaisyourwife，andyourredressliesintakingaclubandmutilatingJoneswithitasmuchasyoucan。Anymanhasarighttoprotecthisownwifefromtheadvancesofothermen。Butyouhaveanotheralternative——youweremarriedtoEdwithafirst，becauseofyourdeliberateintention，andnowyoucanprosecuteherforbigamy，insubsequentlymarryingJones。Butthereisanotherphaseinthiscomplicatedcase：，YouintendedtomarryEdwitha，andconsequently，accordingtolaw，sheisyourwife——thereisnogettingaroundthat;butshedidn’tmarryyou，andifsheneverintendedtomarryyou，youarenotherhusband，ofcourse。Ergo，inmarryingJones，shewasguiltyofbigamy，becauseshewasthewifeofanothermanatthetime;whichisallverywellasfarasitgoes——butthen，don’tyousee，shehadnootherhusbandwhenshemarriedJones，andconsequentlyshewasnotguiltyofbigamy。Now，accordingtothisviewofthecase，Jonesmarriedaspinster，whowasawidowatthesametimeandanotherman’swifeatthesametime，andyetwhohadnohusbandandneverhadone，andneverhadanyintentionofgettingmarried，andtherefore，ofcourse，neverhadbeenmarried;andbythesamereasoningyouareabachelor，becauseyouhaveneverbeenanyone’shusband;andamarriedman，becauseyouhaveawifeliving;andtoallintentsandpurposesawidower，becauseyouhavebeendeprivedofthatwife;andaconsummateassforgoingofftoBeniciainthefirstplace，whilethingsweresomixed。AndbythistimeIhavegotmyselfsotangledupintheintricaciesofthisextraordinarycasethatIshallhavetogiveupanyfurtherattempttoadviseyou——Imightgetconfusedandfailtomakemyselfunderstood。IthinkIcouldtakeuptheargumentwhereIleftoff，andbyfollowingitcloselyawhile，perhapsIcouldprovetoyoursatisfaction，eitherthatyouneverexistedatall，orthatyouaredeadnow，andconsequentlydon’tneedthefaithlessEdwitha——IthinkIcoulddothat，ifitwouldaffordyouanycomfort。
　　“ARTHURAUGUSTUS。”——No;youarewrong;thatistheproperwaytothrowabrickbatoratomahawk;butitdoesn’tanswersowellforabouquet;youwillhurtsomebodyifyoukeepitup。Turnyournosegayupsidedown，takeitbythestems，andtossitwithanupwardsweep。Didyoueverpitchquoits？thatistheidea。Thepracticeofrecklesslyheavingimmensesolidbouquets，ofthegeneralsizeandweightofprizecabbages，fromthedizzyaltitudeofthegalleries，isdangerousandveryreprehensible。Now，nightbeforelast，attheAcademyofMusic，justafterSignorinahadfinishedthatexquisitemelody，“TheLastRoseofSummer，“oneofthesefloralpile-driverscamecleavingdownthroughtheatmosphereofapplause，andifshehadn’tdeployedsuddenlytotheright，itwouldhavedrivenherintothefloorlikeashinglenail。Ofcoursethatbouquetwaswellmeant;buthowwouldyouliketohavebeenthetarget？，Asincerecomplimentisalwaysgratefultoalady，solongasyoudon’ttrytoknockherdownwithit。
　　“YOUNGMOTHER。”——Andsoyouthinkababyisathingofbeautyandajoyforever？，Well，theideaispleasing，butnotoriginal;everycowthinksthesameofitsowncalf。Perhapsthecowmaynotthinkitsoelegantly，butstillshethinksitnevertheless。Ihonorthecowforit。Weallhonorthistouchingmaternalinstinctwhereverwefindit，beitinthehomeofluxuryorinthehumblecove-shed。Butreally，madam，whenI
　　cometoexaminethematterinallitsbearings，Ifindthatthecorrectnessofyourassertiondoesnotassertitselfinallcases。
　　Asoiledbaby，withaneglectednose，cannotbeconscientiouslyregardedasathingofbeauty;andinasmuchasbabyhoodspansbutthreeshortyears，nobabyiscompetenttobeajoy“forever。”，Itpainsmethustodemolishtwo-thirdsofyourprettysentimentinasinglesentence;butthepositionIholdinthischairrequiresthatIshallnotpermityoutodeceiveandmisleadthepublicwithyourplausiblefiguresofspeech。
　　Iknowafemalebaby，agedeighteenmonths，inthiscity，whichcannotholdoutasa“joy“twenty-fourhoursonastretch，letalone“forever。”
　　Anditpossessessomeofthemostremarkableeccentricitiesofcharacterandappetitethathaveeverfallenundermynotice。Iwillsetdownhereastatementofthisinfant’soperationsconceived，planned，andearnedoutbyitself，andwithoutsuggestionorassistancefromitsmotheroranyoneelse，duringasingleday;andwhatIshallsaycanbesubstantiatedbythesworntestimonyofwitnesses。
　　Itcommencedbyeatingonedozenlargeblue-masspills，boxandall;thenitfelldownaflightofstairs，andarosewithablueandpurpleknotonitsforehead，afterwhichitproceededinquestoffurtherrefreshmentandamusement。Itfoundaglasstrinketornamentedwithbrass-work——smashedupandatetheglass，andthenswallowedthebrass。
　　Thenitdrankabouttwentydropsoflaudanum，andmorethanadozentablespoonfulsofstrongspiritsofcamphor。Thereasonwhyittooknomorelaudanumwasbecausetherewasnomoretotake。Afterthisitlaydownonitsback，andshovedfiveorsix，inchesofasilver-headedwhalebonecanedownitsthroat;gotitfastthere，anditwasallitsmothercoulddotopullthecaneoutagain，withoutpullingoutsomeofthechildwithit。Then，beinghungryforglassagain，itbrokeupseveralwineglasses，andfelltoeatingandswallowingthefragments，notmindingacutortwo。Thenitateaquantityofbutter，pepper，salt，andCaliforniamatches，actuallytakingaspoonfulofbutter，aspoonfulofsalt，aspoonfulofpepper，andthreeorfourlucifermatchesateachmouthful。IwillremarkherethatthisthingofbeautylikespaintedGermanlucifers，andeatsallshecangetofthem;butsheprefersCaliforniamatches，whichIregardasacomplimenttoourhomemanufacturesofmorethanordinaryvalue，coming，asitdoes，fromonewhoistooyoungtoflatter。，Thenshewashedherheadwithsoapandwater，andafterwardatewhatsoapwasleft，anddrankasmuchofthesudsasshehadroomfor;afterwhichshesalliedforthandtookthecowfamiliarlybythetail，andgotkickedheelsoverhead。Atoddtimesduringtheday，whenthisjoyforeverhappenedtohavenothingparticularonhand，sheputinthetimebyclimbinguponplaces，andfallingdownoffthem，uniformlydamagingherselfintheoperation。Asyoungassheis，shespeaksmanywordstolerablydistinctly;andbeingplainspokeninotherrespects，bluntandtothepoint，sheopensconversationwithallstrangers，maleorfemale，withthesameformula，“Howdo，Jim？”
　　Notbeingfamiliarwiththewaysofchildren，itispossiblethatIhavebeenmagnifyingintomatterofsurprisethingswhichmaynotstrikeanyonewhoisfamiliarwithinfancyasbeingatallastonishing。However，I
　　cannotbelievethatsuchisthecase，andsoIrepeatthatmyreportofthisbaby’sperformancesisstrictlytrue;andifanyonedoubtsit，Icanproducethechild。Iwillfurtherengagethatshewilldevouranythingthatisgivenherreservingtomyselfonlytherighttoexcludeanvils，andfalldownfromanyplacetowhichshemaybeelevatedmerelystipulatingthatherpreferenceforalightingonherheadshallberespected，and，therefore，thattheelevationchosenshallbehighenoughtoenablehertoaccomplishthistohersatisfaction。ButIfindIhavewanderedfrommysubject;so，withoutfurtherargument，Iwillreiteratemyconvictionthatnotallbabiesarethingsofbeautyandjoysforever。
　　“ARITHMETICUS。”Virginia，Nevada——“Iamanenthusiasticstudentofmathematics，anditissovexatioustometofindmyprogressconstantlyimpededbythesemysteriousarithmeticaltechnicalities。
　　Nowdotellmewhatthedifferenceisbetweengeometryandconchology？”
　　Hereyoucomeagainwithyourarithmeticalconundrums，whenIamsufferingdeathwithacoldinthehead。Ifyoucouldhaveseentheexpressionofscornthatdarkenedmycountenanceamomentago，andwasinstantlysplitfromthecenterineverydirectionlikeafracturedlooking-glassbymylastsneeze，youneverwouldhavewrittenthatdisgracefulquestion。Conchologyisasciencewhichhasnothingtodowithmathematics;itrelatesonlytoshells。Atthesametime，however，amanwhoopensoystersforahotel，orshellsafortifiedtown，orsuckseggs，isnot，strictlyspeaking，aconchologist-afinestrokeofsarcasmthat，butitwillbelostonsuchanunintellectualclamasyou。Nowcompareconchologyandgeometrytogether，andyouwillseewhatthedifferenceis，andyourquestionwillbeanswered。Butdon’ttorturemewithanymorearithmeticalhorrorsuntilyouknowIamridofmycold。I
　　feelthebitterestanimositytowardyouatthismoment-botheringmeinthisway，whenIcandonothingbutsneezeandrageandsnortpocket-
　　handkerchiefstoatoms。IfIhadyouinrangeofmynosenowIwouldblowyourbrainsout。
　　TORAISEPOULTRY——
　　[BeingaletterwrittentoaPoultrySocietythathadconferredacomplimentarymembershipupontheauthor。Writtenabout1870。]
　　Seriously，fromearlyyouthIhavetakenanespecialinterestinthesubjectofpoultry-raising，andsothismembershiptouchesareadysympathyinmybreast。Evenasaschoolboy，poultry-raisingwasastudywithme，andImaysaywithoutegotismthatasearlyastheageofseventeenIwasacquaintedwithallthebestandspeediestmethodsofraisingchickens，fromraisingthemoffaroostbyburninglucifermatchesundertheirnoses，downtoliftingthemoffafenceonafrostynightbyinsinuatingtheendofawarmboardundertheirheels。BythetimeIwastwentyyearsold，IreallysupposeIhadraisedmorepoultrythananyoneindividualinallthesectionroundaboutthere。Theverychickenscametoknowmytalentbyandby。Theyouthofbothsexesceasedtopawtheearthforworms，andoldroostersthatcametocrow，“remainedtopray，“whenIpassedby。
　　IhavehadsomuchexperienceintheraisingoffowlsthatIcannotbutthinkthatafewhintsfrommemightbeusefultothesociety。ThetwomethodsIhavealreadytoucheduponareverysimple，andareonlyusedintheraisingofthecommonestclassoffowls;oneisforsummer，theotherforwinter。Intheonecaseyoustartoutwithafriendalongabouteleveno’clock’on-asummer’snightnotlater，becauseinsomestates——
　　especiallyinCaliforniaandOregon——chickensalwaysrouseupjustatmidnightandcrowfromtentothirtyminutes，accordingtotheeaseordifficultytheyexperienceingettingthepublicwakedup，andyourfriendcarrieswithhimasack。Arrivedatthehenroostyourneighbor’s，notyourown，youlightamatchandholditunderfirstoneandthenanotherpullet’snoseuntiltheyarewillingtogointothatbagwithoutmakinganytroubleaboutit。Youthenreturnhome，eithertakingthebagwithyouorleavingitbehind，accordingascircumstancesshalldictate。N。B——Ihaveseenthetimewhenitwaseligibleandappropriatetoleavethesackbehindandwalkoffwithconsiderablevelocity，withouteverleavinganywordwheretosendit。
　　Inthecaseoftheothermethodmentionedforraisingpoultry，yourfriendtakesalongacoveredvesselwithacharcoalfireinit，andyoucarryalongslenderplank。Thisisafrostynight，understand。Arrivedatthetree，orfence，orotherhenroostyourownifyouareanidiot，youwarmtheendofyourplankinyourfriend’sfirevessel，andthenraiseitaloftandeaseitupgentlyagainstaslumberingchicken’sfoot。
　　Ifthesubjectofyourattentionsisatruebird，hewillinfalliblyreturnthankswithasleepycluckortwo，andstepoutandtakeupquartersontheplank，thusbecomingsoconspicuouslyaccessorybeforethefacttohisownmurderastomakeitagravequestioninourmindsasitoncewasinthemindofBlackstone，whetherheisnotreallyanddeliberately，committingsuicideintheseconddegree。[Butyouenterintoacontemplationoftheselegalrefinementssubsequentlynotthen。]
　　Whenyouwishtoraiseafine，large，donkeyvoicedShanghairooster，youdoitwithalasso，justasyouwouldabull。Itisbecausehemustchoked，andchokedeffectually，too。Itistheonlygood，certainway，forwheneverhementionsamatterwhichheiscordiallyinterestedin，thechancesareninety-nineinahundredthathesecuressomebodyelse’simmediateattentiontoittoo，whetheritdayornight。
　　TheBlackSpanishisanexceedinglyfinebirdandacostlyone。Thirty-
　　fivedollarsistheusualfigureandfiftyanotuncommonpriceforaspecimen。Evenitseggsareworthfromadollartoadollarandahalfapiece，andyetaresounwholesomethatthecityphysicianseldomorneverordersthemfortheworkhouse。StillIhaveonceortwiceprocuredashighasadozenatatimefornothing，inthedarkofthemoon。ThebestwaytoraisetheBlackSpanishfowlistogolateintheeveningandraisecoopandall。ThereasonIrecommendthismethodisthat，thebirdsbeingsovaluable，theownersdonotpermitthemtoroostaroundpromiscuously，theyputtheminacoopasstrongasafireproofsafeandkeepitinthekitchenatnight。ThemethodIspeakofisnotalwaysabrightandsatisfyingsuccess，andyettherearesomanylittlearticlesofvertuaboutakitchen，thatifyoufailonthecoopyoucangenerallybringawaysomethingelse。Ibroughtawayanicesteeltraponenight，worthninetycents。
　　Butwhatistheuseinmypouringoutmywholeintellectonthissubject？
　　IhaveshowntheWesternNewYorkPoultrySocietythattheyhavetakentotheirbosomapartywhoisnotaspringchickenbyanymeans，butamanwhoknowsallaboutpoultry，andisjustashighupinthemostefficientmethodsofraisingitasthepresidentoftheinstitutionhimself。
　　Ithankthesegentlemenforthehonorarymembershiptheyhaveconferreduponme，andshallstandatalltimesreadyandwillingtotestifymygoodfeelingandmyofficialzealbydeedsaswellasbythishastilypennedadviceandinformation。Whenevertheyarereadytogotoraisingpoultry，letthemcallformeanyeveningaftereleveno’clock，EXPERIENCEOFTHEMcWILLIAMSESWITHMEMBRANOUSCROUP
　　[AsrelatedtotheauthorofthisbookbyMr。McWilliams，apleasantNewYorkgentlemanwhomthesaidauthormetbychanceonajourney。]
　　Well，togobacktowhereIwasbeforeIdigressedtoexplaintoyouhowthatfrightfulandincurabledisease，membranouscroup，[DiphtheriaD。W。]
　　wasravagingthetownanddrivingallmothersmadwithterror，IcalledMrs。McWilliams’sattentiontolittlePenelope，andsaid：
　　“Darling，Iwouldn’tletthatchildbechewingthatpinestickifIwereyou。”
　　“Precious，whereistheharminit？”saidshe，butatthesametimepreparingtotakeawaythestickforwomencannotreceiveeventhemostpalpablyjudicioussuggestionwithoutarguingit，thatismarriedwomen。
　　Ireplied：
　　“Love，itisnotoriousthatpineistheleastnutritiouswoodthatachildcaneat。”
　　Mywife’shandpaused，intheactoftakingthestick，andreturneditselftoherlap。Shebridledperceptibly，andsaid：
　　“Hubby，youknowbetterthanthat。Youknowyoudo。Doctorsallsaythattheturpentineinpinewoodisgoodforweakbackandthekidneys。”
　　“Ah——Iwasunderamisapprehension。Ididnotknowthatthechild’skidneysandspinewereaffected，andthatthefamilyphysicianhadrecommended——“
　　“Whosaidthechild’sspineandkidneyswereaffected？”
　　“Mylove，youintimatedit。”
　　“Theidea！，Ineverintimatedanythingofthekind。”
　　“Why，mydear，ithasn’tbeentwominutessinceyousaid——“
　　“BotherwhatIsaid！，Idon’tcarewhatIdidsay。Thereisn’tanyharminthechild’schewingabitofpinestickifshewantsto，andyouknowitperfectlywell。Andsheshallchewit，too。Sothere，now！”
　　“Saynomore，mydear。Inowseetheforceofyourreasoning，andIwillgoandordertwoorthreecordsofthebestpinewoodto-day。NochildofmineshallwantwhileI——“
　　“Oh，pleasegoalongtoyourofficeandletmehavesomepeace。Abodycannevermakethesimplestremarkbutyoumusttakeitupandgotoarguingandarguingandarguingtillyoudon’tknowwhatyouaretalkingabout，andyouneverdo。”
　　“Verywell，itshallbeasyousay。Butthereisawantoflogicinyourlastremarkwhich——“
　　However，shewasgonewithaflourishbeforeIcouldfinish，andhadtakenthechildwithher。Thatnightatdinnersheconfrontedmewithafaceawhiteasasheet：
　　“Oh，Mortimer，there’sanother！，LittleGeorgiGordonistaken。”
　　“Membranouscroup？”
　　“Membranouscroup。”
　　“Isthereanyhopeforhim？”
　　“Noneinthewideworld。Oh，whatistobecomeofus！”
　　ByandbyanursebroughtinourPenelopetosaygoodnightandofferthecustomaryprayeratthemother’sknee。Inthemidstof“NowIlaymedowntosleep，“shegaveaslightcough！，Mywifefellbacklikeonestrickenwithdeath。Butthenextmomentshewasupandbrimmingwiththeactivitieswhichterrorinspires。
　　Shecommandedthatthechild’scribberemovedfromthenurserytoourbedroom;andshewentalongtoseetheorderexecuted。Shetookmewithher，ofcourse。Wegotmattersarrangedwithspeed。Acot-bedwasputupinmywife’sdressingroomforthenurse。ButnowMrs。McWilliamssaidweweretoofarawayfromtheotherbaby，andwhatifheweretohavethesymptomsinthenight——andsheblanchedagain，poorthing。
　　Wethenrestoredthecribandthenursetothenurseryandputupabedforourselvesinaroomadjoining。
　　Presently，however，Mrs。McWilliamssaidsupposethebabyshouldcatchitfromPenelope？，Thisthoughtstruckanewpanictoherheart，andthetribeofuscouldnotgetthecriboutofthenurseryagainfastenoughtosatisfymywife，thoughsheassistedinherownpersonandwell-nighpulledthecribtopiecesinherfrantichurry。
　　Wemoveddown-stairs;buttherewasnoplacetheretostowthenurse，andMrs。McWilliamssaidthenurse’sexperiencewouldbeaninestimablehelp。
　　Sowereturned，bagandbaggage，toourownbedroomoncemore，andfeltagreatgladness，likestorm-buffetedbirdsthathavefoundtheirnestagain。
　　Mrs。McWilliamsspedtothenurserytoseehowthingsweregoingonthere。Shewasbackinamomentwithanewdread。Shesaid：
　　“WhatcanmakeBabysleepso？”
　　Isaid：
　　“Why，mydarling，Babyalwayssleepslikeagravenimage。”
　　“Iknow。Iknow;butthere’ssomethingpeculiarabouthissleepnow。
　　Heseemsto——to——heseemstobreathesoregularly。Oh，thisisdreadful。”
　　“But，mydear，healwaysbreathesregularly。”
　　“Oh，Iknowit，butthere’ssomethingfrightfulaboutitnow。Hisnurseistooyoungandinexperienced。Mariashallstaytherewithher，andbeonhandifanythinghappens。”
　　“Thatisagoodidea，butwhowillhelpyou？”
　　“YoucanhelpmeallIwant。Iwouldn’tallowanybodytodoanythingbutmyself，anyhow，atsuchatimeasthis。”
　　IsaidIwouldfeelmeantolieabedandsleep，andleavehertowatchandtoiloverourlittlepatientallthewearynight。Butshereconciledmetoit。SooldMariadepartedandtookupherancientquartersinthenursery。
　　Penelopecoughedtwiceinhersleep。
　　“Oh，whydon’tthatdoctorcome！，Mortimer，thisroomistoowarm。Thisroomiscertainlytoowarm。Turnofftheregister-quick！”
　　Ishutitoff，glancingatthethermometeratthesametime，andwonderingtomyselfif70wastoowarmforasickchild。
　　Thecoachmanarrivedfromdown-townnowwiththenewsthatourphysicianwasillandconfinedtohisbed。Mrs。McWilliamsturnedadeadeyeuponme，andsaidinadeadvoice：
　　“ThereisaProvidenceinit。Itisforeordained。Heneverwassickbefore。Never。Wehavenotbeenlivingasweoughttolive，Mortimer。
　　TimeandtimeagainIhavetoldyouso。Nowyouseetheresult。Ourchildwillnevergetwell。Bethankfulifyoucanforgiveyourself;I
　　nevercanforgivemyself。”
　　Isaid，withoutintenttohurt，butwithheedlesschoiceofwords，thatI
　　couldnotseethatwehadbeenlivingsuchanabandonedlife。
　　“Mortimer！，DoyouwanttobringthejudgmentuponBaby，too！”
　　Thenshebegantocry，butsuddenlyexclaimed：
　　“Thedoctormusthavesentmedicines！”
　　Isaid：
　　“Certainly。Theyarehere。Iwasonlywaitingforyoutogivemeachance。”
　　“Welldogivethemtome！，Don’tyouknowthateverymomentispreciousnow？，Butwhatwastheuseinsendingmedicines，whenheknowsthatthediseaseisincurable？”
　　Isaidthatwhiletherewaslifetherewashope。