Eminent Victorians_第2章_无广告免费看-丁香书院

　　Thecrisispassed，butitwassucceededbyafiercerone。Manningwastakenseriouslyill，andbecameconvincedthathemightdieatanymoment。TheentriesinhisDiarygrewmoreelaboratethanever；hisremorseforthepast，hisresolutionsforthefuture，hisprotestationsofsubmissiontothewillofGod，filledpageafterpageofparallelcolumns，headingsandsub-headings，numberedclauses，andanalyticaltables。’HowdoIfeelaboutDeath？’hewrote。’Certainlygreatfear：
　　1。BecauseoftheuncertaintyofourstatebeforeGod。2。Becauseoftheconsciousness-1ofgreatsinspast，2ofgreatsinfulness，3ofmostshallowrepentance。WhatshallIdo？’
　　Hedecidedtomortifyhimself，toreadStThomasAquinas，andtomakehis’nightprayersfortyinsteadofthirtyminutes’。HedeterminedduringLent’tousenopleasantbreadexceptonSundaysandfeastssuchascakeandsweetmeat’；butheaddedtheproviso’Idonotincludeplainbiscuits’。Oppositethisentryappearstheword’KEPT’。Andyethisbackslidingsweremany。
　　Lookingbackoverasingleweek，hewasobligedtoregister’petulancetwice’and’complacentvisions’。HeheardhiscuratebeingcommendedforbringingsomanysoulstoGodduringLent，andhe’couldnotbearit’；buttheremorsewasterrible：’I
　　abhorredmyselfonthespot，andlookedupwardforhelp。’HemadeoutlistuponlistoftheAlmighty’sspecialmerciestowardshim，andtheyincludedhiscreation，hisregeneration，andNo。5
　　’thepreservationofmylifesixtimestomyknowledge：
　　1Inillnessattheageofnine。2Inthewater。3ByarunawayhorseatOxford。4Bythesame。5Byfallingnearlythroughtheceilingofachurch。6Againbyafallofahorse。
　　AndIknownothowofteninshooting，riding，etc。’
　　Atlasthebecameconvalescent；butthespiritualexperiencesofthoseagitatedweeksleftanindeliblemarkuponhismind，andpreparedthewayforthegreatchangewhichwastofollow。Forhehadotherdoubtsbesidesthosewhichheldhimintormentastohisownsalvation；hewasindoubtaboutthewholeframeworkofhisfaith。Newman’sconversion，hefound，hadmeantsomethingmoretohimthanhehadfirstrealised。IthadseemedtocomeasacalltotheredoublingofhisAnglicanactivities；butsupposing，inreality，itwereacalltowardssomethingverydifferent——towardsanabandonmentofthoseactivitiesaltogether？
　　Itmightbe’atrial’，oragainitmightbea’leading’；howwashetojudge？Already，beforehisillness，thesedoubtshadbeguntotakepossessionofhismind。’Iamconscioustomyself，’hewroteinhisDiary，’ofanextensivelychangedfeelingtowardstheChurchofRome……TheChurchofEnglandseemstometobediseased：1。ORGANICALLYsixsub-headings。2。FUNCTIONALLY
　　sevensubheadings……Whereveritseemshealthy，itapproximatesthesystemofRome。’ThenthoughtsoftheVirginMarysuddenlybegantoassailhim：
　　’1IfJohntheBaptistweresanctifiedfromthewomb，howmuchmoretheB。V。！
　　2IfEnochandElijahwereexemptedfromdeath，whynottheB。V。fromsin？
　　3ItisastrangewayoflovingtheSontoslightthemother！’
　　Theargumentsseemedirresistible，andafewweekslaterthefollowingentryoccurs——’Strangethoughtshavevisitedme：
　　1IhavefeltthattheEpiscopateoftheChurchofEnglandissecularisedandbounddownbeyondhope……
　　2Ifeelasifalighthadfallenuponme。MyfeelingabouttheRomanChurchisnotintellectual。Ihaveintellectualdifficulties，butthegreatmoraldifficultiesseemmelting。
　　3Somethingkeepsrisingandsaying，“YouwillendintheRomanChurch“。’
　　Henotedaltogethertwenty-fiveofthese’strangethoughts’。Hismindhoveredanxiouslyround——
　　’1TheIncarnation，2TheRealPresence，i。
　　Regeneration，ii。Eucharist，and3TheExaltationofS。M。
　　andSaints。’
　　Histwenty-secondstrangethoughtwasasfollows：’HowdoIknowwhereImaybetwoyearshence？WherewasNewmanfiveyearsago？’
　　Itwassignificant，buthardlysurprising，that，afterhisillness，ManningshouldhavechosentorecuperateinRome。Hespentseveralmonthsthere，andhisDiaryduringthewholeofthatperiodisconcernedentirelywithdetaileddescriptionsofchurches，ceremonies，andrelics，andwithminuteaccountsofconversationswithpriestsandnuns。Thereisnotasinglereferenceeithertotheobjectsofartortotheantiquitiesoftheplace；butanotheromissionwasstillmoreremarkable。
　　ManninghadalonginterviewwithPiusIX，andhisonlyrecordofitiscontainedinthebaldstatement：’AudiencetodayattheVatican’。Preciselywhatpassedonthatoccasionnevertranspired；allthatisknownisthatHisHolinessexpressedconsiderablesurpriseonlearningfromtheArchdeaconthatthechalicewasusedintheAnglicanChurchintheadministrationofCommunion。’What！’heexclaimed，isthesamechalicemadeuseofbyeveryone？’’IrememberthepainIfelt，’saidManning，longafterwards，’atseeinghowunknownweweretotheVicarofJesusChrist。Itmademefeelourisolation。’
　　OnhisreturntoEngland，hetookuponcemoretheworkinhisArchdeaconrywithwhatappetitehemight。Ravagedbydoubt，distractedbyspeculation，heyetmanagedtomaintainanoutwardpresenceofunshakencalm。HisonlyconfidantwasRobertWilberforce，towhom，forthenexttwoyears，hepouredforthinaseriesofletters，headed’UNDERTHESEAL’toindicatethattheycontainedthesecretsoftheconfessional——thewholehistoryofhisspiritualperturbations。Theironyofhispositionwassingular；for，duringthewholeofthistime，ManningwashimselfholdingbackfromtheChurchofRomeahostofhesitatingpenitentsbymeansofargumentswhichhewasattheverymomentdenouncingasfallacioustohisownconfessor。Butwhatelsecouldhedo？Whenhereceived，forinstance，alettersuchasthefollowingfromanagitatedlady，whatwashetosay？
　　’MYDEARFATHERINCHRIST，’……Iamsureyouwouldpitymeandliketohelpme，ifyouknewtheunhappy，unsettledstatemymindisin，andthemiseryofbeingENTIRELY，WHEREVERIAM，withthosewholookuponjoiningtheChurchofRomeasthemostawful“fall“conceivabletoanyone，andaredevoidofthesmallestcomprehensionofhowanyenlightenedpersoncandoit……MyoldEvangelicalfriends，withallmydeep，deeploveforthem，donotsucceedinshakingmeintheleast……
　　’Mybrotherhasjustpublishedabookcalled“Regeneration“，whichallmyfriendsarereadingandhighlyextolling；ithasaverycontraryeffecttowhathewoulddesireonmymind。Icanreadandunderstanditallinanaltogetherdifferentsense，andthefactswhichhequotesaboutthearticlesasdrawnupin1536，andagainin1552，andoftheIrisharticlesof1615and1634，STARTLEandSHAKEmeabouttheReformedChurchinEnglandfarmorethananythingelse，andhavedonesoeversinceIfirstsawtheminMr。Maskell’spamphletasquotedfromMrDodsworth’s。
　　’Idohopeyouhavesometimeandthoughttoprayformestill。
　　Mr。Galton’sletterslongagogrewintoshortformalnotes，whichhurtmeandannoyedmeparticularly，andIneveransweredhislast，so，literally，Ihavenoonetosaythingstoandgethelpfrom，whichinonesenseisacomfortwhenmyconvictionsseemtobeleadingmeonandon，andgainingstrengthinspiteofallthedrearinessofmylot。
　　’DoyouknowIcan’thelpbeingveryanxiousandunhappyaboutpoorSisterHarriet。IamafraidofherGOINGOUTOFHERMIND。
　　Shecomfortsherselfbyanoccasionaloutpouringofeverythingtome，andIhadaletterthismorning……ShesaysSisterMayhaspromisedtheVicarnevertotalktoherorallowhertotalkonthesubjectwithher，andIdoubtwhetherthiscanbegoodforher，becausethoughshehaslostherfaith，shesays，intheChurchofEngland，yetsheneverthinksofwhatshecouldhavefaithin，andresolutelywithoutinquiringintothequestiondeterminesriottobeaRomanCatholic，sothatreally，yousee，sheisallowinghermindtorunadriftandyetperfectlypowerless。
　　’Forgivemytroublingyouwiththisletter，andbelievemetobealwaysyourfaithful，gratefulandaffectionatedaughter，’EMMARYLE。
　　’P。S。IwishIcouldseeyouoncemoresoverymuch。’
　　HowwasManning，adirectorofsouls，andaclergymanoftheChurchofEngland，toreplythatinsobertruththerewasverylittletochoosebetweenthestateofmindofSisterEmma，orevenofSisterHarriet，andhisown？Thedilemmawasagrievousone：whenasoldierfindshimselffightingforacauseinwhichhehaslostfaith，itistreacherytostop，anditistreacherytogoon。
　　Atlast，intheseclusionofhislibrary，ManningturnedinagonytothoseoldwritingswhichhadprovidedNewmanwithsomuchinstructionandassistance；perhapstheFatherswoulddosomethingforhimaswell。HeransackedthepagesofSt。CyprianandSt。Cyril；hewentthroughthecompleteworksofSt。OptatusandSt。Leo；heexploredthevasttreatisesofTertullianandJustinMartyr。Hehadalampputintohisphaeton，sothathemightlosenotimeduringhislongwinterdrives。Therehesat，searchingSt。Chrysostomforsomemitigationofhisanguish，whilehespedalongbetweenthehedgestodistantsufferers，towhomhedulyadministeredthesacramentsaccordingtotheritesoftheEnglishChurch。HehurriedbacktocommittohisDiarytheanalysisofhisreflections，andtodescribe，underthemysticformulaofsecrecy，theintricateworkingsofhisconsciencetoRobertWilberforce。But，alas！hewasnoNewman；andeventhefourteenfoliosofSt。Augustinehimself，strangetosay，gavehimverylittlehelp。
　　Thefinalpropulsionwastocomefromanentirelydifferentquarter。InNovember，1847，theReverendMr。GorhamwaspresentedbytheLordChancellortothelivingofBramfordSpekeinthedioceseofExeter。TheBishop，Dr。Phillpotts，wasaHighChurchman，andhehadreasontobelievethatMr。Gorhamheldevangelicalopinions；hethereforesubjectedhimtoanexaminationondoctrine，whichtooktheformpartlyofaverbalinterrogatory，lastingthirty-eighthours，andpartlyofaseriesofonehundredandforty-ninewrittenquestions。AttheendoftheexaminationhecametotheconclusionthatMr。GorhamheldhereticalviewsonthesubjectofBaptismalRegeneration，andhethereforerefusedtoinstitute。Mr。Gorham，thereupon，tookproceedingsagainsttheBishopintheCourtofArches。Helosthiscase；andhethenappealedtothejudicialCommitteeofthePrivyCouncil。
　　Thequestionsatissueweretakenveryseriouslybyalargenumberofpersons。Inthefirstplace，therewasthequestionofBaptismalRegenerationitself。Thisisbynomeansaneasyonetodisentangle；butitmaybenotedthatthedoctrineofBaptismincludes：1God’sintention，thatistosay，Hispurposeinelectingcertainpersonstoeternallife——anabstruseandgreatlycontrovertedsubject，uponwhichtheChurchofEnglandabstainsfromstrictdefinition；2God’saction，whetherbymeansofsacramentsorotherwise——concerningwhichtheChurchofEnglandmaintainstheefficacyofsacraments，’butdoesnotformallydenythatgracemaybegivenbyothermeans，repentanceandfaithbeingpresent；and3thequestionwhethersacramentalgraceisgiveninstrumentally，byandatthemomentoftheactofbaptism，orinconsequenceofanactofprevenientgracerenderingthereceiverworthy——thatistosay，whethersacramentalgraceinbaptismisgivenabsolutelyorconditionally。
　　ItwasoverthislastquestionthatthedisputeragedhottestintheGorhamCase。TheHighChurchparty，representedbyDr。
　　Phillpotts，assertedthatthemereactofbaptismconferredregenerationupontherecipientandwashedawayhisoriginalsin。
　　TothistheEvangelicals，headedbyMr。Gorham，repliedthat，accordingtotheArticles，regenerationwouldnotfollowunlessbaptismwasRIGHTLYreceived。What，then，wasthemeaningof’rightly’？Clearlyitimpliednotmerelylawfuladministration，butworthyreception；worthiness，therefore，istheessenceofthesacrament；andworthinessmeansfaithandrepentance。Now，twopropositionswereacceptedbybothparties——thatallinfantsareborninoriginalsin，andthatoriginalsincouldbewashedawaybybaptism。Buthowcouldboththesepropositionsbetrue，arguedMr。Gorham，ifitwasalsotruethatfaithandrepentancewerenecessarybeforebaptismcouldcomeintooperationatall？
　　Howcouldaninfantinarmsbesaidtobeinastateoffaithandrepentance？How，therefore，coulditsoriginalsinbewashedawaybybaptism？Andyet，aseveryoneagreed，washedawayitwas。
　　Theonlysolutionofthedifficultylayinthedoctrineofprevenientgrace；andMr。GorhammaintainedthatunlessGodperformedanactofprevenientgracebywhichtheinfantwasendowedwithfaithandrepentance，noactofbaptismcouldbeeffectual；thoughtowhom，andunderwhatconditions，prevenientgracewasgiven，Mr。Gorhamconfessedhimselfunabletodecide。
　　ThelightthrownbytheBibleuponthewholematterseemedsomewhatdubious，forwhereasthebaptismofSt。Peter’sdisciplesatJerusalemandSt。Philip’satSamariawasfollowedbythegiftoftheSpirit，inthecaseofCorneliusthesacramentsucceededthegift。St。Paulalsowasbaptised；andasforthelanguageofSt。Johniii5；Rom。vi3，4；IPeteriii21，itadmitsofmorethanoneinterpretation。Therecould，however，benodoubtthattheChurchofEnglandassentedtoDr。Phillpotts’
　　opinion；thequestionwaswhetherornotsheexcludedMr。
　　Gorham’s。Ifitwasdecidedthatshedid，itwasclearthathenceforward，therewouldbeverylittlepeaceforEvangelicalswithinherfold。
　　Buttherewasanotherissue，evenmorefundamentalthanthatofBaptismalRegenerationitself，involvedintheGorhamtrial。AnActpassedin1833hadconstitutedtheJudicialCommitteeofthePrivyCouncilthesupremecourtofappealforsuchcases；andthisCommitteewasabodycomposedentirelyoflaymen。ItwasthusobviousthattheRoyalSupremacywasstillafact，andthatacollectionoflawyersappointedbytheCrownhadthelegalrighttoformulatethereligiousdoctrineoftheChurchofEngland。In1850theirjudgmentwasdelivered；theyreversedthedecisionoftheCourtofArches，andupheldthepositionofMr。
　　Gorham。Whetherhisviewsweretheologicallycorrectornot，theysaid，wasnottheirbusiness；itwastheirbusinesstodecidewhethertheopinionsunderconsiderationwerecontraryorrepugnanttothedoctrineoftheChurchofEnglandasenjoinedupontheclergybyitsArticles，Formularies，andRubrics；andtheyhadcometotheconclusionthattheywerenot。Thejudgementstillholdsgood；andtothisday，aclergymanoftheChurchofEnglandisquiteatlibertytobelievethatRegenerationdoesnotinvariablytakeplacewhenaninfantisbaptised。
　　TheblowfelluponnoonewithgreaterviolencethanuponManning。Notonlywasthesupremeefficacyofthesignofthecrossuponababy’sforeheadoneofhisfavouritedoctrines，butuptothatmomenthehadbeenconvincedthattheRoyalSupremacywasamereaccident——atemporaryusurpationwhichleftthespiritualdominionoftheChurchessentiallyuntouched。Butnowthehorridrealityroseupbeforehim，crownedandtriumphant；itwasalltooclearthatanActofParliament，passedbyJews，RomanCatholics，andDissenters，wastheultimateauthoritywhichdecideduponthemomentousnicetiesoftheAnglicanfaith。Mr。
　　Gladstonealso，wasdeeplyperturbed。Itwasabsolutelynecessary，hewrote，to’rescueanddefendtheconscienceoftheChurchfromthepresenthideoussystem’。Anagitationwassetonfoot，andseveralinfluentialAnglicans，withManningattheirhead，drewupandsignedaformalprotestagainsttheGorhamjudgment。Mr。Gladstonehowever，proposedanothermethodofprocedure：precipitateaction，hedeclared，mustbeavoidedatallcosts，andheelaboratedaschemeforsecuringprocrastination，bywhichacovenantwastobindallthosewhobelievedthatanarticleofthecreedhadbeenabolishedbyActofParliamenttotakenostepsinanydirection，nortoannouncetheirintentionofdoingso，untilagivenspaceoftimehadelapsed。Mr。Gladstonewashopefulthatsomegoodmightcomeofthis——thoughindeedhecouldnotbesure。’Amongothers，’hewrotetoManning，’IhaveconsultedRobertWilberforceandWegg-
　　Prosser，andtheyseemedinclinedtofavourmyproposal。Itmight，perhaps，havekeptbackLordFeilding。Butheislikeacork。’
　　TheproposalwascertainlynotfavouredbyManning。Protestsandprocrastinations，approvingWegg-Prossersandcork-likeLordFeildings——allthiswasfeedingthewindandfolly；thetimeforactionhadcome。’Icannolongercontinue，’hewrotetoRobertWilberforce，’underoathandsubscriptionbindingmetotheRoyalSupremacyinEcclesiasticalcauses，beingconvinced：
　　1ThatitisaviolationoftheDivineOfficeoftheChurch。
　　2ThatithasinvolvedtheChurchofEnglandinaseparationfromtheUniversalChurch，whichseparationIcannotclearofthecharacterofschism。
　　3ThatithastherebysuspendedandpreventedthefunctionsoftheChurchofEngland。’
　　ItwasinvainthatRobertWilberforcepleaded，invainthatMr。
　　GladstoneurgeduponhismindthesignificanceofJohniii8。
　　[’Thewindblowethwhereitlisteth，andthouhearestthesoundthereof，butcanstnottellwhenceitcometh，andwhitheritgoeth；soiseveryonethatisbornoftheSpirit。’]’Iadmit，’
　　Mr。Gladstonewrote，’thatthewordsmightinsomewaybesatisfiedbysupposingourLordsimplytomean“thefactsofnatureareunintelligible，therefore，benotafraidifrevealedtruthsbelikewisebeyondthecompassoftheunderstanding“；butthisseemstomeameagremeaning。’Suchconsiderationscouldholdhimnolonger，andManningexecutedtheresignationofhisofficeandbeneficebeforeapublicnotary。Soonafterwards，inthelittleChapeloffBuckinghamPalaceRoad，kneelingbesideMr。
　　Gladstone，heworshippedforthelasttimeasanAnglican。ThirtyyearslatertheCardinaltoldhow，justbeforetheCommunionservicecommenced，heturnedtohisfriendswiththewords：’I
　　cannolongertaketheCommunionintheChurchofEngland。’’I
　　roseup，andlayingmyhandonMr。Gladstone’sshoulder，said“Come“。Itwasthepartingoftheways。Mr。Gladstoneremained；
　　andIwentmyway。Mr。GladstonestillremainswhereIlefthim。’
　　OnApril6th，1851，thefinalstepwastaken：ManningwasreceivedintotheRomanCatholicChurch。Nowatlast，afterthelongstruggle，hismindwasatrest。’Iknowwhatyoumean，’hewrotetoRobertWilberforce，’bysayingthatonesometimesfeelsasifallthismightturnouttobeonlyanother“LandofShadows“。Ihavefeltitintimepast，butnotnow。ThetheologiafromNicetoSt。ThomasAquinas，andtheundividedunitysuffusedthroughouttheworld，ofwhichtheCathedraPetriisthecentre，isnow1800yearsold，andmightierineverypowernowthanever——
　　inintellect，inscience，inseparationfromtheworld；andpurertoo，refinedby300yearsofconflictwiththemoderninfidelcivilisation——allofthisisafactmoresolidthantheearth。’
　　V。
　　WHENManningjoinedtheChurchofRome，heactedunderthecombinedimpulseofthetwodominatingforcesinhisnature。Hispreoccupationwiththesupernaturalmight，alone，havebeensatisfiedwithinthefoldoftheAnglicancommunion；andsomighthispreoccupationwithhimself——theonemighthavefoundventintheelaborationsofHighChurchritual，andtheotherintheactivitiesofabishopric。Butthetwotogethercouldnotbequietedsoeasily。TheChurchofEnglandisacommodiousinstitution；sheisveryanxioustoplease，butsomehoworother，shehasnevermanagedtosupplyahappyhometosuperstitiousegotists。’Whatanescapeformypoorsoul！’Manningissaidtohaveexclaimedwhen，shortlyafterhisconversion，amitrewasgoinga-begging。But，intruth，Manning’s’poorsoul’hadscentednoblerquarry。Tooneofhistemperament，howwasitpossible，whenoncethechoicewasplainlyput，tohesitateforamomentbetweentherespectabledignityofanEnglishbishop，harnessedbythesecularpower，withtheGorhamjudgmentasabitbetweenhisteeth，andtheillimitablepretensionsofthehumblestpriestofRome？
　　Forthemoment，however，itseemedasiftheFateshadatlastbeensuccessfulintheirlittlegameofshuntingManning。ThesplendidcareerwhichhehadsolaboriouslybuiltupfromthesmallbeginningsofhisSussexcuracywasshattered——andshatteredbytheinevitableoperationofhisownessentialneeds。
　　Hewasoverforty，andhehadbeenputbackoncemoretotheverybottomrungoftheladder——amiddle-agedneophytewith，sofarascouldbeseen，nospecialclaimtotheattentionofhisnewsuperiors。TheexampleofNewman，afarmoreillustriousconvert，washardlyreassuring：hehadbeenrelegatedtoacompleteobscurity，inwhichhewastoremainuntilextremeoldage。WhyshouldtherebeanythingbetterinstoreforManning？YetitsohappenedthatwithinfourteenyearsofhisconversionManningwasArchbishopofWestminsterandthesupremeruleroftheRomanCatholiccommunityinEngland。ThistimetheFatesgaveuptheunequalstruggle；theypaidovertheirstakesindespair，andretiredfromthegame。
　　NeverthelessitisdifficulttofeelquitesurethatManning’splungewasashazardousasitappeared。Certainlyhewasnotamanwhowaslikelytoforgettolookbeforeheleaped，noronewho，ifhehappenedtoknowthattherewasamattressspreadtoreceivehim，wouldleapwithlessconviction。Inthelightofafter-events，onewouldbegladtoknowwhatpreciselypassedatthatmysteriousinterviewofhiswiththePope，threeyearsbeforehisconversion。ItisatleastpossiblethattheauthoritiesinRomehadtheireyeonManning；themaywellhavefeltthattheArchdeaconofChichesterwouldbeagreatcatch。
　　WhatdidPioNonosay？ItiseasytoimaginethepersuasiveinnocenceofhisItalianvoice。’Ah，dearSignorManning，whydon’tyoucomeovertous？Doyousupposethatweshouldnotlookafteryou？’
　　Atanyrate，whenhedidgoover，Manningwaslookedafterverythoroughly。Therewas，itistrue，amomentaryembarrassmentattheoutset：itwasonlywiththegreatestdifficultythathecouldbringhimselftoabandonhisfaithinthevalidityofAnglicanOrders，inwhichhebelieved’withconsciousnessstrongerthanallreasoning’。Hewasconvincedthathewasstillapriest。WhentheRev。Mr。Tierney，whohadreceivedhimintotheRomanCatholiccommunion，assuredhimthatthiswasnotthecase，hewasfilledwithdismayandmortification。Afterafivehourdiscussion，hestartedtohisfeetinarage。’Then，Mr。
　　Tierney，’heexclaimed，’youthinkmeinsincere。’
　　Thebitterdraughtwasswallowedatlast，and，afterthat，allwentsmoothly。ManninghastenedtoRome，andwasimmediatelyplacedbythePopeinthehighlyselectAccademiaEcclesiastica，commonlyknownasthe’NurseryofCardinals’，forthepurposeofcompletinghistheologicalstudies。Whenthecoursewasfinished，hecontinued，bythePope’sspecialrequest，tospendsixmonthsofeveryyearinRome，wherehepreachedtotheEnglishvisitors，becameacquaintedwiththegreatpersonagesofthePapalcourt，andenjoyedtheprivilegeofconstantinterviewswiththeHolyFather。Atthesametime，hewasabletomakehimselfusefulinLondon，whereCardinalWiseman，thenewlycreatedArchbishopofWestminster，wasseekingtoreanimatetheRomanCatholiccommunity。Manningwasnotonlyextremelypopularinthepulpitandintheconfessional；hewasnotonlyhighlyefficientasagleanerofsouls——andofsoulswhomovedinthebestsociety；healsopossessedafamiliaritywithofficialpersonsandofficialways，whichwasinvaluable。WhenthequestionaroseoftheappointmentofCatholicchaplainsintheCrimeaduringthewar，itwasManningwhoapproachedtheMinister，interviewedthePermanentSecretary，andfinallysucceededinobtainingallthatwasrequired。WhenaspecialReformatoryforCatholicchildrenwasproposed，ManningcarriedthroughthenegotiationwiththeGovernment。WhenanattemptwasmadetoremoveCatholicchildrenfromtheWorkhouses，Manningwasagainindispensable。NowonderCardinalWisemansoondeterminedtofindsomeoccupationofspecialimportancefortheenergeticconvert。HehadlongwishedtoestablishacongregationofsecularpriestsinLondonparticularlydevotedtohisservice，andtheopportunityfortheexperimenthadclearlynowarisen。TheorderoftheOblatesofSt。CharleswasfoundedinBayswater，andManningwasputatitshead。Unfortunately，noportionofthebodyofSt。Charlescouldbeobtainedforthenewcommunity，buttworelicsofhisbloodwerebroughtovertoBayswaterfromMilan。AlmostatthesametimethePopesignifiedhisappreciationofManning’seffortsbyappointinghimProvostoftheChapterofWestminster——apositionwhichplacedhimattheheadoftheCanonsofthediocese。
　　Thisdoublepromotionwasthesignalfortheoutbreakofanextraordinaryinternalstruggle，whichragedwithoutintermissionforthenextsevenyears，andwastoendonlywiththeaccessionofManningtotheArchbishopric。TheconditionoftheRomanCatholiccommunityinEnglandwasatthattimeasingularone。Ontheonehandtheoldrepressivelawsoftheseventeenthcenturyhadbeenrepealedbyliberallegislation，andontheotheralargenewbodyofdistinguishedconvertshadenteredtheRomanChurchasaresultoftheOxfordMovement。Itwasevidentthattherewasa’boom’inEnglishCatholicism，and，in1850，PiusIX
　　recognisedthefactbydividingupthewholeofEnglandintodioceses，andplacingWisemanattheheadofthemasArchbishopofWestminster。Wiseman’sencyclical，dated’fromwithouttheFlaminianGate’，inwhichheannouncedthenewdeparture，wasgreetedinEnglandbyastormofindignation，culminatinginthefamousandfuribundletterofLordJohnRussell，thenPrimeMinister，againsttheinsolenceofthe’PapalAggression’。Thoughtheparticularpointagainstwhichtheoutcrywasraised——theEnglishterritorialtitlesofthenewRomanbishops——wasaninsignificantone，theinstinctofLordJohnandoftheEnglishpeoplewasinrealitysoundenough。Wiseman’sinstallationdidmean，infact，anewmoveinthePapalgame；itmeantanadvance，ifnotanaggression——aquickeninginEnglandofthelong-
　　dormantenergiesoftheRomanChurch。ThatChurchhasneverhadthereputationofbeinganinstitutiontobetrifledwith；and，inthosedays，thePopewasstillrulingasatemporalPrinceoverthefairestprovincesofItaly。Surely，iftheimagesofGuyFawkeshadnotbeengarnished，onthatfifthofNovember，withtriplecrowns，itwouldhavebeenaverypoorcomplimenttoHisHoliness。
　　ButitwasnotonlythehonestProtestantsofEnglandwhohadcausetodreadthearrivalofthenewCardinalArchbishop；therewasapartyamongtheCatholicsthemselveswhoviewedhisinstallationwithalarmanddisgust。ThefamiliesinwhichtheCatholictraditionhadbeenhandeddownuninterruptedlysincethedaysofElizabeth，whichhadknownthepainsofexileandofmartyrdom，andwhichclungtogetheranalienandisolatedgroupinthemidstofEnglishsociety，nowbegantofeelthattheywere，afterall，ofsmallmomentinthecounselsofRome。Theyhadlabouredthroughtheheatoftheday，butnowitseemedasiftheharvestwastobegatheredinbyacrowdofconvertswhowereproclaimingoneverysideassomethingnewandwonderfulthetruthswhichtheOldCatholics，astheycametobecalled，hadnotonlyknown，butforwhichtheyhadsufferedforgenerations。
　　CardinalWiseman，itistrue，wasnoconvert；hebelongedtooneoftheoldestoftheCatholicfamilies；buthehadspentmostofhislifeinRome，hewasoutoftouchwithEnglishtraditions，andhissympathywithNewmanandhisfollowerswasonlytooapparent。OneofhisfirstactsasArchbishopwastoappointtheconvertW。G。Ward，whowasnoteveninholyorders，tobeProfessorofTheologyatSt。Edmund’sCollege——thechiefseminaryforyoungpriests，inwhichtheancienttraditionsofDouaywerestillflourishing。WardwasanardentPapalistandhisappointmentindicatedclearlyenoughthatinWiseman’sopiniontherewastoolittleoftheItalianspiritintheEnglishcommunity。TheuneasinessoftheOldCatholicswasbecomingintense，whentheywerereassuredbyWiseman’sappointingashisco-adjutorandsuccessorhisintimatefriend，Dr。Errington，whowascreatedontheoccasionArchbishopofTrebizondinpartibusinfidelium。NotonlywasDr。ErringtonanOldCatholicofthemostrigidtype，hewasamanofextremeenergy，whoseinfluencewascertaintobegreat；and，inanycase，Wisemanwasgrowingold，sothatbeforeverylongitseemedinevitablethatthepolicyofthediocesewouldbeinproperhands。Suchwasthepositionofaffairswhen，twoyearsafterErrington’sappointment，ManningbecameheadoftheOblatesofSt。CharlesandProvostoftheChapterofWestminster。
　　TheArchbishopofTrebizondhadbeenforsometimegrowingmoreandmoresuspiciousofManning’sinfluence，andthissuddenelevationappearedtojustifyhisworstfears。ButhisalarmwasturnedtofurywhenhelearnedthatSt。Edmund’sCollege，fromwhichhehadjustsucceededinremovingtheobnoxiousW。G。Ward，wastobeplacedunderthecontroloftheOblatesofSt。Charles。
　　TheOblatesdidnotattempttoconcealthefactthatoneoftheirprincipalaimswastointroducethecustomsofaRomanSeminaryintoEngland。Agrimperspectiveofespionageandtale-bearing，foreignhabits，andItaliandevotionsopenedoutbeforethedismayedeyesoftheOldCatholics；theydeterminedtoresisttotheutmost；anditwasuponthequestionofthecontrolofSt。
　　Edmund’sthatthefirstbattleinthelongcampaignbetweenErringtonandManningwasfought。
　　CardinalWisemanwasnowobviouslydecliningtowardsthegrave。A
　　manofvastphysique——’yourimmense’，anIrishservantusedrespectfullytocallhim——ofsanguinetemperament，ofgenialdisposition，ofversatilecapacity，heseemedtohaveengraftedupontherobustnessofhisEnglishnaturethefacile，child-like，andexpansivequalitiesoftheSouth。SofarfrombeingaBishopBlougramastherumourwenthewas，infact，theveryantithesisofthatsubtleandworldly-wiseecclesiastic。HehadinnocentlylookedforwardallhislifetothereunionofEnglandtotheSeeofPeter，andeventuallyhadcometobelievethat，inGod’shand，hewastheinstrumentdestinedtobringaboutthismiraculousconsummation。WasnottheOxfordMovement，withitsfloodofconverts，aclearsignoftheDivinewill？HadhenothimselfbeentheauthorofthatmomentousarticleonSt。
　　AugustineandtheDonatists，whichhadfinallyconvincedNewmanthattheChurchofEnglandwasinschism？Andthen，hadhenotbeenabletosetafootaCrusadeofPrayerthroughoutCatholicEuropefortheconversionofEngland？
　　Heawaitedtheresultwitheagerexpectation，andinthemeantimehesethimselftosmoothawaythehostilityofhiscountrymenbydeliveringcoursesofpopularlecturesonliteratureandarchaeology。Hedevotedmuchtimeandattentiontotheceremonialdetailsofhisprincelyoffice。Hisknowledgeofrubricandritual，andofthesymbolicalsignificationsofvestments，hasrarelybeenequalled，andhetookaprofounddelightintheorderingandtheperformanceofelaborateprocessions。Duringoneofthesefunctions，anunexpecteddifficultyarose：theMasterofCeremoniessuddenlygavethewordforahalt，and，onbeingaskedthereason，repliedthathehadbeeninstructedthatmomentbyspecialrevelationtostoptheprocession。TheCardinal，however，wasnotataloss。’Youmaylettheprocessiongoon，’hesmilinglyreplied。’Ihavejustobtainedpermission，byspecialrevelation，toproceedwithit。’Hisleisurehourshespentinthewritingofedifyingnovels，thecompositionofacrosticsinLatinVerse，andinplayingbattledoreandshuttlecockwithhislittlenieces。Therewas，indeed，onlyonepointinwhichheresembledBishopBlougram——hisloveofagoodtable。SomeofNewman’sdiscipleswereastonishedandgrievedtofindthathesatdowntofourcoursesoffishduringLent。’Iamsorrytosay，’remarkedoneofthemafterwards，’thatthereisalobstersaladsidetotheCardinal。’
　　Itwasamelancholyfatewhichordainedthatthelastyearsofthiscomfortable，easygoing，innocentoldmanshouldbedistractedandembitteredbythefuryofopposingprinciplesandthevenomofpersonalanimosities。Butsoitwas。Hehadfallenintothehandsofonewhocaredverylittleforthegentlepleasuresofrepose。Lefttohimself，WisemanmighthavecompromisedwiththeOldCatholicsandDr。Errington；butwhenManninghadonceappeareduponthescene，allcompromisebecameimpossible。ThelateArchdeaconofChichester，whohadunderstoodsowellandpractisedwithsuchcarefulskillthepreceptofthegoldenmeansodeartotheheartoftheChurchofEngland，now，asProvostofWestminster，flunghimselfintothefraywiththatunyieldingintensityoffervour，thatpassionfortheextremeandtheabsolute，whichistheverylifebloodoftheChurchofRome。
　　EventheredoubtableDr。Errington，short，thickset，determined，withhis`hawk-likeexpressionofface’，asacontemporarydescribedhim，’ashelookedatyouthroughhisbluespectacles’，hadbeenknowntoquailinthepresenceofhis，antagonist，withhistallandgracefulfigure，hispaleasceticfeatures，hiscompressedandicylips，hiscalmandpenetratinggaze。AsforthepoorCardinal，hewashelplessindeed。
　　Henceforward，therewastobenopalteringwiththatdangerousspiritofindependence——wasitnotalmostGallicanismwhichpossessedtheOldCatholicfamiliesofEngland？ThesupremacyoftheVicarofChristmustbemaintainedatallhazards。Comparedwithsuchanobject，whatweretheclaimsofpersonalaffectionanddomesticpeace？TheCardinalpleadedinvain；hislifelongfriendshipwithDr。Erringtonwaspluckedupbytheroots，andtheharmonyofhisprivatelifewasutterlydestroyed。Hisownhouseholdwasturnedagainsthim。Hisfavouritenephew，whomhehadplacedamongtheOblatesunderManning’sspecialcare，leftthecongregationandopenlyjoinedthepartyofDr。Errington。
　　Hissecretaryfollowedsuit；butsaddestofallwasthecaseofMonsignorSearle。MonsignorSearle，inthecapacityofconfidentialmanofaffairs，haddominatedovertheCardinalinprivateforyearswiththeautocraticfidelityofaservantwhohasgrownindispensable。Hisdevotion，infact，seemedtohavetakentheformofphysicalimitation，forhewashardlylessgiganticthanhismaster。Thetwowereinseparable；theirhugefiguresloomedtogetherlikeneighbouringmountains；andononeoccasion，meetingtheminthestreet，agentlemancongratulatedWisemanon’yourEminence’sfineson’。Yetnoweventhiscompanionshipwasbrokenup。TherelentlessProvostheretoobroughtasword。Therewereexplosionsandrecriminations。
　　MonsignorSearle，findingthathispowerwasslippingfromhim，madescenesandprotests，andatlastwasfoolishenoughtoaccuseManningofpeculationtohisface；afterthatitwasclearthathisdaywasover；hewasforcedtoslinksnarlingintothebackground，whiletheCardinalshudderedthroughallhisimmensity，andwishedmanytimesthathewerealreadydead。
　　Yet，hewasnotaltogetherwithouthisconsolations；Manningtookcaretoseetothat。HispiercingeyehaddetectedthesecretwayintotherecessesoftheCardinal’sheart——haddiscernedthecoreofsimplefaithwhichunderlaythatjovialmannerandthatfaciletalk。Otherswerecontenttolaughandchatterandtransacttheirbusiness；Manningwasmoreartistic。Hewatchedhisopportunity，andthen，whenthemomentcame，touchedwithadeftfingerthechordoftheConversionofEngland。Therewasanimmediateresponse，andhestruckthesamechordagain，andyetagain。HebecametherepositoryoftheCardinal’smostintimateaspirations。Healonesympathisedandunderstood。’IfGodgivesmestrengthtoundertakeagreatwrestling-matchwithinfidelity，’Wisemanwrote，’Ishalloweittohim。’
　　Butwhathereallyfoundhimselfundertakingwasawrestling-
　　matchwithDr。Errington。ThestruggleoverSt。Edmund’sCollegegrewmoreandmoreacute。TherewerehighwordsintheChapter，whereMonsignorSearleledtheassaultagainsttheProvost，andcarriedaresolutiondeclaringthattheOblatesofSt。CharleshadintrudedthemselvesillegallyintotheSeminary。TheCardinalquashedtheproceedingsoftheChapter；whereupon，theChapterappealedtoRome。Dr。Errington，carriedawaybythefuryofthecontroversy，thenappearedastheavowedopponentoftheProvostandtheCardinal。WithhisownhandhedrewupadocumentjustifyingtheappealoftheChaptertoRomebyCanonLawandthedecreesoftheCouncilofTrent。Wisemanwasdeeplypained：’Myowncoadjutor，’heexclaimed，’isactingassolicitoragainstmeinalawsuit。’TherewasarushtoRome，where，forseveralensuingyears，thehostileEnglishpartiesweretowageafuriousbattleintheantechambersoftheVatican。ButthedisputeovertheOblatesnowsankintoinsignificancebesidetherageofcontentionwhichcentredroundanewandfarmoredeadlyquestion；forthepositionofDr。Erringtonhimselfwasatstake。
　　TheCardinal，inspiteofillness，indolence，andthetiesoffriendship，hadbeenbroughtatlasttoanextraordinarystep——
　　hewaspetitioningthePopefornothinglessthanthedeprivationandremovaloftheArchbishopofTrebizond。
　　Theprecisedetailsofwhatfollowedaredoubtful。Itisonlypossibletodiscernwithclearness，amidavastcloudofofficialdocumentsandunofficialcorrespondencesinEnglish，Italian，andLatin，ofPapaldecreesandvoluminousscritture，ofconfidentialreportsofepiscopalwhispersandthesecretagitationsofCardinals，theformofManning，restlessandindomitable，scouringlikeastormypetreltheangryoceanofdebate。Wiseman，dilatory，unbusinesslike，andinfirm，wasreadyenoughtoleavetheconductofaffairsinhishands。NorwasitlongbeforeManningsawwherethekeyofthewholepositionlay。Asintheolddays，atChichester，hehadsecuredthegoodwillofBishopShuttleworthbycultivatingthefriendshipofArchdeaconHare，sonow，onthisvasterscaleofoperations，hissagacityledhimswiftlyandunerringlyupthelittlewindingstaircaseintheVaticanandthroughthehumbledoorwhichopenedintothecabinetofMonsignorTalbot，theprivatesecretaryofthePope。MonsignorTalbotwasapriestwhoembodiedinasingularmanner，ifnotthehighest，atleastthemostpersistenttraditionsoftheRomanCuria。Hewasamasterofvariousartswhichthepracticeofageshasbroughttoperfectionunderthefriendlyshadowofthetripletiara。Hecouldmingletogetherastutenessandholinesswithoutanydifficulty；hecouldmakeinnuendoesasnaturallyasanordinarymanmakesstatementsoffact；hecouldapplyflatterywithsounsparingahandthatevenPrincesoftheChurchfounditsufficient；and，onoccasion，hecouldringthechangesoftortureonahumansoulwithatactwhichcalledforthuniversalapprobation。Withsuchaccomplishments，itcouldhardlybeexpectedthatMonsignorTalbotshouldberemarkableeitherforadelicatesenseofconscientiousnessorforanextremerefinementoffeeling，butthenitwasnotforthosequalitiesthatManningwasinsearchwhenhewentupthewindingstair。HewaslookingforthemanwhohadtheearofPioNono；and，ontheothersideofthelow-archeddoor，hefoundhim。Thenheputforthallhisefforts；hissuccesswascomplete；andanalliancebeganwhichwasdestinedtohavetheprofoundesteffectuponManning’scareer，andwasonlydissolvedwhen，manyyearslater，MonsignorTalbotwasunfortunatelyobligedtoexchangehisapartmentintheVaticanforaprivatelunaticasylumatPassy。
　　ItwasdeterminedthatthecoalitionshouldberatifiedbytheruinofDr。Errington。Whenthemomentofcrisiswasseentobeapproaching，WisemanwassummonedtoRome，wherehebegantodrawupanimmensescritturacontaininghisstatementofthecase。Formonthspast，theredoubtableenergiesoftheArchbishopofTrebizondhadbeenabsorbedinasimilartask。Foliowasbeingpileduponfolio，whenasuddenblowthreatenedtoputanendtothewholeproceedinginasummarymanner。TheCardinalwasseizedbyviolentillness，andappearedtobeuponhisdeathbed。Manningthoughtforamomentthathislabourshadbeeninvainandthatallwaslost。ButtheCardinalrecovered；MonsignorTalbotusedhisinfluenceashealoneknewhow；andapapaldecreewasissuedbywhichDr。Erringtonwas’liberated’fromtheCoadjutorshipofWestminster，togetherwiththerightofsuccessiontotheSee。
　　Itwasasupremeactofauthority——a’colpodistatodiDominiddio’，asthePopehimselfsaid——andtheblowtotheOldCatholicswascorrespondinglysevere。TheyfoundthemselvesdeprivedatonefellswoopbothoftheinfluenceoftheirmostenergeticsupporterandofthecertaintyofcomingintopoweratWiseman’sdeath。Andinthemeantime，ManningwasredoublinghisenergiesatBayswater。ThoughhisOblateshadbeencheckedoverSt。Edmund’s，therewasstillnolackofworkforthemtodo。
　　Thereweremissionstobecarriedon，schoolstobemanaged，fundstobecollected。Severalnewchurcheswerebuilt；acommunityofmostedifyingnunsoftheThirdOrderofSt。Franciswasestablished；and￡30，000，raisedfromManning’sprivateresourcesandfromthoseofhisfriends，wasspentinthreeyears。’Ihatethatman，’oneoftheOldCatholicsexclaimed，’heissuchaforwardpiece。’ThewordswerereportedtoManning，whoshruggedhisshoulders。’Poorman，’hesaid，’whatishemadeof？
　　Doeshesuppose，inhisfoolishness，thatafterworkingdayandnightfortwentyyearsinheresyandschism，onbecomingaCatholic，Ishouldsitinaneasy-chairandfoldmyhandsalltherestofmylife？’Buthissecretthoughtswereofadifferentcaste。’Iamconsciousofadesire，’hewroteinhisDiary，’tobeinsuchaposition：IasIhadintimespast；2asmypresentcircumstancesimply；3asmyfriendsthinkmefitfor；
　　and4asIfeelmyownfacultiestendto。
　　’But，Godbeingmyhelper，Iwillnotseekitbytheliftingofafingerorthespeaking，ofaword。’
　　SoManningwrote，andthought，andprayed；butwhatarewords，andthoughts，andevenprayers，tothemysteriousandrelentlesspowersofcircumstanceandcharacter？CardinalWisemanwasslowlydying；thetilleroftheChurchwasslippingfromhisfeeblehand；andManningwasbesidehim，theonemanwiththeenergy，theability，thecourage，andtheconvictiontosteertheshipuponhercourse。Morethanthat；therewasthesinisterfigureofaDr。Erringtoncrouchingcloseathand，readytoseizethehelmandmakestraight——whocoulddoubtit？——fortherocks。Insuchasituationthevoiceofself-abnegationmustneedsgrowstillandsmallindeed。Yetitspokeon，foritwasoneoftheparadoxesinManning’ssoulthatthatvoicewasneversilent。Whateverelsehewas，hewasnotunscrupulous。Rather，hisscruplesdeepenedwithhisdesires；andhecouldsatisfyhismostexorbitantambitionsinaprofundityofself-abasement。AndsonowhevowedtoHeaventhathewouldSEEKnothing——no，notbytheliftingofafingerorthespeakingofaword。But，ifsomethingcametohim——？Hehadvowednottoseek；hehadnotvowednottotake。Mightitnotbehisplaindutytotake？MightitnotbethewillofGod？
　　Something，ofcourse，didcometohim，thoughitseemedforamomentthatitwouldeludehisgrasp。Wisemandied，andthereensuedinRomeacrisisofextraordinaryintensity。’Sincethecreationofthehierarchy，’MonsignorTalbotwrote，itisthegreatestmomentfortheChurchthatIhaveyetseen。’ItwasthedutyoftheChapterofWestminstertonominatethreecandidatesforsuccessiontotheArchbishopric；theymadeonelasteffort，andhadthetemeritytoplaceuponthelist，besidesthenamesoftwoOldCatholicbishops，thatofDr。Errington。Itwasafatalblunder。PiusIXwasfurious；theChapterhadcommittedan’insultaalPapa’，heexclaimed，strikinghisbreastthreetimesinhisrage。’ItwastheChapterthatdidit，’saidManning，afterwards；butevenaftertheChapter’sindiscretion，thefataldecisionhunginthebalanceforweeks。’Thegreatpointofanxietywithme，wroteMonsignorTalbottoManning，’iswhetheraCongregationwillbeheld，orwhethertheHolyFatherwillperformaPontificalact。Hehimselfisdoubting。Ithereforesaymassandprayeverymorningthathemayhavethecouragetochooseforhimself，insteadofsubmittingthemattertoaCongregation。AlthoughtheCardinalsaredeterminedtorejectDr。
　　Errington，neverthelessIamafraidthattheyshouldselectoneoftheothers。YouknowverywellthatCongregationsareguidedbythedocumentsthatareplacedbeforethem；itisforthisreasonthatIshouldpreferthePope’sactinghimself。’
　　ButtheHolyFatherhimselfwasdoubting。Inhisindecision，heorderedamonthofprayersandmasses。Thesuspensegrewandgrew。EverythingseemedagainstManning。ThewholeEnglishepiscopatewasopposedtohim；hehadquarrelledwiththeChapter；hewasaconvertofbutfewyears’standing；eventhecongregatedCardinalsdidnotventuretosuggesttheappointmentofsuchaman。Butsuddenly，theHolyFather’sdoubtscametoanend。Heheardavoice——amysteriousinwardvoice——whisperingsomethinginhisear。’Metteteloli！Metteteloli！’thevoicerepeated，overandoveragain。Metteteloli！Itwasaninspiration；andPiusIX，brushingasidetherecommendationsoftheChapterandthedeliberationsoftheCardinals，madeManning，byaPontificalact，ArchbishopofWestminster。
　　MonsignorTalbot’sfelicitywascomplete；andhetookoccasioninconveyinghiscongratulationstohisfriend，tomakesomeilluminatingreflectionsuponthegreatevent。’MYpolicythroughout，’hewrote，’wasnevertoproposeyouDIRECTLYtothePope，but，tomakeothersdoso，sothatbothyouandIcanalwayssaythatitwasnotIwhoinducedtheHolyFathertonameyou——whichwouldlessentheweightofyourappointment。ThisI
　　say，becausemanyhavesaidthatyourbeingnamedwasallmydoing。IdonotsaythatthePopedidnotknowthatIthoughtyoutheonlymaneligible——asItookcaretotellhimoverandoveragainwhatwasagainstalltheothercandidates——andinconsequence，hewasalmostdrivenintonamingyou。Afterhehadnamedyou，theHolyFathersaidtome，“Whatadiplomatistyouare，tomakewhatyouwishedcometopass！“
　　’Nevertheless，’concludedMonsignorTalbot，’IbelieveyourappointmentwasspeciallydirectedbytheHolyGhost。’
　　Manninghimselfwasapparentlyofthesameopinion。’MydearChild，’hewrotetoaladypenitent，’IhaveintheselastthreeweeksfeltasifourLordhadcalledmebyname。Everythingelsehaspassedoutofmymind。ThefirmbeliefthatIhavelonghadthattheHolyFatheristhemostsupernaturalpersonIhaveeverseenhasgivenmethisfeelingmoredeeply。’Still，IfeelasifIhadbeenbrought，contrarytoallhumanwills，bytheDivineWill，intoanimmediaterelationtoourDivineLord。’
　　’Ifindeed，’hewrotetoLadyHerbert，’itwerethewillofourDivineLordtolayuponmethisheavyburden，Hecouldhavedoneitinnowaymorestrengtheningandconsolingtome。ToreceiveitfromthehandsofHisVicar，andfromPiusIX，andafterlonginvocationoftheHolyGhost，andnotonlywithouthumaninfluences，butinspiteofmanifoldariapowerfulhumanopposition，givesmethelaststrengthforsuchacross。’
　　VI
　　MANNING’Sappointmentfilledhisopponentswithalarm。Wrathandvengeanceseemedtobehangingoverthem；whatmightnotbeexpectedfromtheformidableenemyagainstwhomtheyhadstruggledforsolong，andwhonowstoodamongthemarmedwitharchiepiscopalpowersandinvestedwiththespecialconfidenceofRome？Greatwastheiramazement，greatwastheirrelief，whentheyfoundthattheirdreadedmasterbreathednothingbutkindness，gentleness，andconciliation。Theoldscores，theyfound，werenottobepaidoff，buttobewipedout。Thenewarchbishoppouredforthuponeverysideallthetact，allthecourtesy，allthedignifiedgracesofaChristianmagnanimity。Itwasimpossibletowithstandsuchtreatment。Bishopswhohadspentyearsinthwartinghimbecamehisdevotedadherents；eventheChapterofWestminsterforgotitshatred。MonsignorTalbotwasextremelysurprised。’Yourgreatestenemieshaveentirelycomeround，’hewrote。’IreceivedtheotherdayapanegyricofyoufromSearle。ThischangeoffeelingIcannotattributetoanythingbuttheHolyGhost。’MonsignorTalbotwasveryfondoftheHolyGhost；but，sofar，atanyrateasSearlewasconcerned，therewasanotherexplanation。Manning，insteadofdismissingSearlefromhispositionof’oeconomus’intheepiscopalhousehold，hadkepthimon——atanincreasedsalary；andthepoorman，whohadnotscrupledinthedaysofhispridetocallManningathief，wasnowdulygrateful。
　　AstoDr。Errington，hegaveanexampleofhumilityandsubmissionbyatoncewithdrawingintoacompleteobscurity。ForyearstheArchbishopofTrebizond，theejectedheirtotheSeeofWestminster，labouredasaparishpriestintheIsleofMan。Henursednoresentmentinhisheart，and，afteralongandedifyinglifeofpeaceandsilence，hediedin1886，aprofessoroftheologyatClifton。
　　ItmightbesupposedthatManningcouldnowfeelthathistriumphwascomplete。Hispositionwassecure；hispowerwasabsolute；
　　hisprestigewasdailygrowing。Yettherewassomethingthatirkedhimstill。AshecasthiseyesovertheRomanCatholiccommunityinEngland，hewasawareofonefigurewhich，byvirtueofapeculiareminence，seemedtochallengethesupremacyofhisown。ThatfigurewasNewman’s。
　　Sincehisconversion，Newman’slifehadbeenalongseriesofmisfortunesanddisappointments。WhenhehadlefttheChurchofEngland，hewasitsmostdistinguished，itsmostreveredmember，whosewords，howeverstrange，werelistenedtowithprofoundattention，andwhoseopinions，howeverdubious，werefollowedinalltheirfluctuationswithaneagerandindeedatremblingrespect。HeenteredtheChurchofRome，andfoundhimselfforthwithanunimportantman。HewasreceivedatthePapalCourtwithapolitenesswhichonlyfaintlyconcealedatotallackofinterestandunderstanding。Hisdelicatemind，withitsrefinements，itshesitations，itscomplexities——hissoft，spectacled，Oxfordmanner，withitshalf-effeminatediffidence-
　　suchthingswereillcalculatedtoimpressathrongofbusyCardinalsandBishops，whosedayswerespentamidthepracticaldetailsofecclesiasticalorganisation，thelong-drawninvolutionsofpapaldiplomacy，andthedeliciousbickeringsofpersonalintrigue。Andwhen，atlast，hedidsucceedinmakingsomeimpressionuponthesesurroundings，itwasnobetter；itwasworse。Anuneasysuspiciongraduallyarose；itbegantodawnupontheRomanauthoritiesthatDr。Newmanwasamanofideas。WasitpossiblethatDr。NewmandidnotunderstandthatideasinRomewere，tosaytheleastofit，outofplace？Apparently，hedidnot——norwasthatall；notcontentwithhavingideas，hepositivelyseemedanxioustospreadthem。Whenthatwasknown，thepolitenessinhighplaceswasseentobewearingdecidedlythin。HisHoliness，whoonNewman’sarrivalhadgraciouslyexpressedthewishtoseehim’againandagain’，now，apparently，wasconstantlyengaged。AtfirstNewmansupposedthatthegrowingcoolnesswastheresultofmisapprehension；hisItalianwasfaulty，LatinwasnotspokenatRome，hiswritingshadonlyappearedingarbledtranslations。AndevenEnglishmenhadsometimesfoundhisargumentsdifficulttofollow。Hethereforedeterminedtotaketheutmostcaretomakehisviewsquiteclear；
　　hisopinionsuponreligiousprobability，hisdistinctionbetweendemonstrativeandcircumstantialevidence，histheoryofthedevelopmentofdoctrineandtheaspectsofideas——theseandmanyothermatters，uponwhichhehadwrittensomuch，hewouldnowexplaininthesimplestlanguage。Hewouldshowthattherewasnothingdangerousinwhatheheld，thattherewasapassageinDeLugowhichsupportedhim——thatPerrone，bymaintainingthattheImmaculateConceptioncouldbedefined，hadimplicitlyadmittedoneofhismainpositions，andthathislanguageaboutFaithhadbeenconfused，quiteerroneously，withthefideismofM。Bautain。
　　CardinalBarnabo，CardinalReisach，CardinalAntonelli，lookedathimwiththeirshrewdeyesandhardfaces，whilehepouredintotheirearswhich，ashehadalreadynoticedwithdistress，werelargeandnottooclean——hiscarefuldisquisitions；but，itwasallinvain——theyhadclearlyneverreadDeLugoorPerrone，andasforM。Bautain，theyhadneverheardofhim。Newman，indespair，fellbackuponSt。ThomasAquinas；but，tohishorror，heobservedthatSt。ThomashimselfdidnotmeanverymuchtotheCardinals。
　　Withasinkingheart，herealisedatlastthepainfultruth：itwasnotthenatureofhisviews，itwashishavingviewsatall，thatwasobjectionable。HehadhopedtodevotetherestofhislifetotheteachingofTheology；butwhatsortofTheologycouldheteachwhichwouldbeacceptabletosuchsuperiors？HeleftRome，andsettleddowninBirminghamastheheadofasmallcommunityofOratorians。Hedidnotcomplain；itwasGod’swill；
　　itwasbetterso。Hewouldwatchandpray。
　　ButGod’swillwasnotquitesosimpleasthat。Wasitright，afterall，thatamanwithNewman’sintellectualgifts，hisdevotedardour，hispersonalcelebrity，shouldsinkawayoutofsightanduseinthedimrecessesoftheOratoryatBirmingham？
　　Ifthecallweretocometohimtotakehistalentoutofthenapkin，howcouldherefuse？Andthecalldidcome。ACatholicUniversitywasbeingstartedinIrelandandDr。Cullen，theArchbishopofArmagh，beggedNewmantobecometheRector。Atfirsthehesitated，butwhenhelearnedthatitwastheHolyFather’swishthatheshouldtakeupthework，hecoulddoubtnolonger；theofferwassentfromHeaven。Thedifficultiesbeforehimwereverygreat；notonlyhadanewUniversitytobecalledupoutofthevoid，butthepositionwascomplicatedbythepresenceofarivalinstitution——theundenominationalQueen’sColleges，foundedbyPeelafewyearsearlierwiththeobjectofgivingIrishCatholicsfacilitiesforUniversityeducationonthesametermsastheirfellow-countrymen。YetNewmanhadthehighesthopes。HedreamtofsomethinggreaterthanamerelyIrishUniversity——ofanobleandflourishingcentreoflearningfortheCatholicsofIrelandandEnglandalike。Andwhyshouldnothisdreamcometrue？’Inthemidstofourdifficulties，hesaid，’I
　　haveonegroundofhope，justonestay，but，asIthink，asufficientone，whichservesmeinthesteadofallotherargumentwhatever。ItisthedecisionoftheHolySee；St。Peterhasspoken。’
　　TheyearsthatfollowedshowedtowhatextentitwassafetodependuponSt。Peter。Unforeseenobstaclescroppeduponeveryside。Newman’senergieswereuntiring，butsowastheinertiaoftheIrishauthorities。Onhisappointment，hewrotetoDr。CullenaskingthatarrangementsmightbemadeforhisreceptioninDublin。Dr。Cullendidnotreply。Newmanwroteagain，butstilltherewasnoanswer。Weekspassed，monthspassed，yearspassed，andnotaword，notasign，camefromDr。Cullen。Atlast，afterdanglingformorethantwoyearsintheuncertaintiesandperplexitiesofsostrangeasituation，NewmanwassummonedtoDublin。Therehefoundnothingbutdisorderanddiscouragement。
　　Thelaitytooknointerestinthescheme；theclergyactivelydislikedit；Newman’sauthoritywasdisregarded。HeappealedtoCardinalWiseman，andthenatlastarayofhopedawned。Thecardinalsuggestedthatabishopricshouldbeconferreduponhim，togivehimastatussuitabletohisposition；Dr。Cullenacquiesced，andPiusIXwasallcompliance。’ManderemoaNewmanlacrocetta，’hesaidtoWiseman，smilinglydrawinghishandsdowneachsideofhisnecktohisbreast，’lofaremovescovodiPorfirio，oqualcheluogo。’ThenewsspreadamongNewman’sfriends，andcongratulationsbegantocomein。Buttheofficialintimationseemedtobeunaccountablydelayed；nocrocettacamefromRome，andCardinalWisemanneveragainreferredtothematter。NewmanwaslefttogatherthatthesecretrepresentationsofDr。Cullenhadbroughtaboutachangeofcounselinhighquarters。Hispridedidnotallowhimtoinquirefurther；butoneofhisladypenitents，MissGiberne，waslessdiscreet。’HolyFather，’shesuddenlysaidtothePopeinanaudienceoneday，’whydon’tyoumakeFatherNewmanabishop？’UponwhichtheHolyFatherlookedmuchconfusedandtookagreatdealofsnuff。
　　ForthenextfiveyearsNewman，unaidedandignored，struggleddesperately，likeamaninabog，withtheovermasteringdifficultiesofhistask。Hismind，whosenativehauntwasamongthefaraerialboundariesoffancyandphilosophy，wasnowclampeddownunderthefettersofpettydetailandfeduponthemeandietofcompromiseandroutine。Hehadtoforcehimselftoscrapetogethermoney，towritearticlesforthestudents’
　　Gazette，tomakeplansformedicallaboratories，tobeingratiatingwiththeCityCouncil；hewasobligedtospendmonthstravellingthroughtheremoteregionsofIrelandinthecompanyofextraordinaryecclesiasticsandbarbaroussquireens。
　　Hewasathoroughbredharnessedtoafour-wheeledcab——andheknewit。Eventually，herealisedsomethingelse：hesawthatthewholeprojectofaCatholicUniversityhadbeenevolvedasapoliticalandecclesiasticalweaponagainsttheQueen’sCollegesofPeel，andthatwasall。Asaninstrumentofeducation。itwassimplylaughedat；andhehimselfhadbeencalledinbecausehisnamewouldbeavaluableassetinapartygame。Whenheunderstoodthat，heresignedhisrectorshipandreturnedtotheOratory。
　　But，histribulationswerenotyetover。ItseemedtobeGod’swillthatheshouldtakepartinawholesuccessionofschemes，which，nolessthantheprojectoftheIrishUniversity，weretoendindisillusionmentandfailure。HewaspersuadedbyCardinalWisemantoundertaketheeditorshipofanewEnglishversionoftheScriptures，whichwastobeamonumentofCatholicscholarshipandaneverlastingglorytoMotherChurch。Hemadeelaboratepreparations；hecollectedsubscriptions，engagedcontributors，andcomposedalongandlearnedprolegomenatothework。Itwasalluseless；CardinalWisemanbegantothinkofotherthings；andtheschemefadedimperceptiblyintothinair。
　　Thenanewtaskwassuggestedtohim：“TheRambler“，aCatholicperiodical，hadfallenonevildays；wouldDrNewmancometotherescue，andaccepttheeditorship？Thistimehehesitatedratherlongerthanusual；hehadburnedhisfingerssooften——hemustbespeciallycarefulnow。’IdidallIcouldtoascertainGod’sWill，’hesaid，andhecametotheconclusionthatitwashisdutytoundertakethework。Hedidso，andaftertwonumbershadappeared，Dr。Ullathorne，theBishopofBirmingham，calleduponhim，andgentlyhintedthathehadbetterleavethepaperalone。
　　ItstonewasnotlikedatRome；ithadcontainedanarticlecriticisingSt。PiusV，and，mostseriousofall，theorthodoxyofoneofNewman’sownessayshadappearedtobedoubtful。Heresigned，andintheanguishofhisheart，determinednevertowriteagain。Oneofhisfriendsaskedhimwhyhewaspublishingnothing。’Hannibal’selephants，’hereplied，’nevercouldlearnthegoose-step。’
　　Newmanwasnowanoldman——hewassixty-threeyearsofage。Whathadhetolookforwardto？Afewlastyearsofinsignificanceandsilence。Whathadhetolookbackupon？Alongchronicleofwastedefforts，disappointedhopes，neglectedpossibilities，unappreciatedpowers。AndnowallhislabourshadendedbyhisbeingaccusedatRomeoflackoforthodoxy。Hecouldnolongerrestrainhisindignation，andinalettertooneofhisladypenitents，hegaveventtothebitternessofhissoul。WhenhisRamblerarticlehadbeencomplainedof，hesaid，therehadbeensometalkofcallinghimtoRome。’CallmetoRome，’heburstout——’whatdoesthatmean？Itmeanstoseveranoldmanfromhishome，tosubjecthimtointercoursewithpersonswhoselanguagesarestrangetohim——tofoodandtofashionswhicharealmoststarvationontheonehand，andinvolverestlessdaysandnightsontheother——itmeanstoobligehimtodanceattendanceonPropagandaweekafterweekandmonthaftermonth——itmeanshisdeath。ItwasthepunishmentonDr。Baines，1840-1，tokeephimatthedoorofPropagandaforayear。
　　’ThisistheprospectwhichIcannotbutfeelprobable，didIsayanythingwhichoneBishopinEnglandchosetospeakagainstandreport。Othershavebeenkilledbeforeme。Lucaswentofhisownaccordindeed——butwhenhegotthere，oh！’Howmuchdidhe，asloyalasonoftheChurchandtheHolySeeaseverwas，whatdidhesufferbecauseDr。Cullenwasagainsthim？HewanderedasDr。
　　Cullensaidinaletterhepublishedinasortoftriumph，hewanderedfromChurchtoChurchwithoutafriend，andhardlygotanaudiencefromthePope。’AndItooshouldgofromSt。PhiliptoOurLady，andtoSt。PeterandSt。Paul，andtoSt。LaurenceandtoSt。Cecilia，and，ifithappenedtomeastoLucas，shouldcomebacktodie。’
　　Yet，inspiteofall，inspiteoftheseexasperationsoftheflesh，theseagitationsofthespirit，whatwastheretoregret？
　　Hadhenotamysteriousconsolationwhichoutweighedeverygrief？
　　Surely，surely，hehad。
　　’Unveil，0Lord，andonusshine，Ingloryandingrace，’
　　heexclaimsinapoemwrittenatthistime，called’TheTwoWorlds’：
　　’ThisgaudyworldgrowspalebeforeThebeautyofThyface。
　　’TillThouartseenitseemstoheAsortoffairyground，Wheresunsunsettinglightthesky，Andflowersandfruitabound。
　　’ButwhenThykeener，purerbeamIspoureduponoursight，Itlosesallitspowertocharm，Andwhatwasdayisnight……
　　’Andthus，whenwerenounceforTheeItsrestlessaimsandfears，Thetendermemoriesofthepast，Thehopesofcomingyears，’Poorisoursacrifice，whoseeyesArelightedfromabove；
　　Weofferwhatwecannotkeep，Whatwehaveceasedtolove。’
　　SuchwereNewman’sthoughtswhenanunexpectedeventoccurredwhichproducedaprofoundeffectuponhislife：CharlesKingsleyattackedhisgoodfaith，andthegoodfaithofCatholicsingeneral，inamagazinearticle。Newmanprotested，andKingsleyrejoinedinaniratepamphlet。Newman’sreplywastheApologiaproVitaSua，whichhewroteinsevenweeks，sometimesworkingtwenty-twohoursatastretch，’constantlyintears，andconstantlycryingoutwithdistress’。Thesuccessofthebook，withitstransparentcandour，itscontroversialbrilliance，thesweepandpassionofitsrhetoric，thedepthofitspersonalfeeling，wasimmediateandoverwhelming；itwasrecognisedatonceasaclassic，notonlybyCatholics，butbythewholeEnglishworld。Fromeverysideexpressionsofadmiration，gratitude，anddevotionpouredin。ItwasimpossibleforonesosensitiveasNewmantotheopinionsofotherpeopletoresistthehappyinfluenceofsuchanunlooked-for，suchanenormoustriumph。Thecloudofhisdejectionbegantolift；etl’espoirmalgreluis’estglissedanssoncoeur。
　　ItwasonlynaturalthatatsuchamomenthisthoughtsshouldreturntoOxford。ForsomeyearspastproposalshadbeenonfootforestablishingthereaHall，underNewman’sleadership，forCatholicundergraduates。TheschemehadbeenlookeduponwithdisfavourinRome，andithadbeenabandoned；butnowanewopportunitypresenteditself——somelandinasuitablepositioncameintothemarket。Newman，withhisrevivingspirits，feltthathecouldnotletthischancegoby，andboughttheland。ItwashisintentiontobuildtherenotaHall，butaChurch，andtosetonfoota’HouseoftheOratory’。Whatpossibleobjectioncouldtherebetosuchascheme？HeapproachedtheBishopofBirmingham，whogavehisapproval；inRomeitselftherewasnohostilesign。Thelaitywereenthusiasticandsubscriptionsbegantoflowin。Wasitpossiblethatallwaswellatlast？Wasitconceivablethatthestrangeandwearypilgrimageofsomanyyearsshouldendatlengthinquietude，ifnotinhappiness，whereithadbegun？
　　ItsohappenedthatitwasatthisverytimethatManningwasappointedtotheSeeofWestminster。Thedestiniesofthetwomen，whichhadrunparalleltooneanotherinsostrangeafashionandforsomanyyears，werenowforamomentsuddenlytoconverge。Newlyclothedwithalltheattributesofecclesiasticalsupremacy，ManningfoundhimselffacetofacewithNewman，uponwhosebrowswereglitteringthefreshlaurelsofspiritualvictory——thecrownofanapostolicallife。Itwasthemeetingoftheeagleandthedove。Whatfollowedshowed，moreclearlyperhapsthananyotherincidentinhiscareer，thestuffthatManningwasmadeof。Powerhadcometohimatlast；andheseizeditwithalltheavidityofabornautocrat，whoseappetiteforsupremedominionhadbeenwhettedbylongyearsofenforcedabstinenceandthehatedsimulationsofsubmission。HewastherulerofRomanCatholicEngland，andhewouldrule。ThenatureofNewman’sinfluenceitwasimpossibleforhimtounderstand，buthesawthatitexisted；fortwentyyearshehadbeenunabletoescapetheunwelcomeitterationsofthatsingular，thatalien，thatrivalrenown；andnowitstoodinhispath，aloneandinexplicable，likeadefiantghost。’Itisremarkablyinteresting，’heobservedcoldly，whensomebodyaskedhimwhathethoughtoftheApologia：’itislikelisteningtothevoiceofonefromthedead。’Andsuchvoices，withtheirsepulchralechoes，areapttobemoredangerousthanlivingones；theyattracttoomuchattention；theymustbesilencedatallcosts。
　　Itwasthemeetingoftheeagleandthedove；therewasahovering，aswoop，andthenthequickbeakandtherelentlesstalonsdidtheirwork。
　　EvenbeforehisaccessiontotheArchbishopric，ManninghadscentedapeculiarperilinNewman’sOxfordscheme，andsosoonashecameintopower，heprivatelydeterminedthattheauthoroftheApologiashouldneverbeallowedtoreturntohisoldUniversity。Norwasthereanylackofexcellentreasonsforsuchadecision。Oxfordwasbythistimeanestofliberalism；itwasnofitplaceforCatholicyouths，andtheywouldinevitablybeattractedtherebythepresenceofFatherNewman。Andthen，hadnotFatherNewman’sorthodoxybeenimpugned？HadhenotbeenheardtoexpressopinionsofmostdoubtfulproprietyuponthequestionoftheTemporalPower？Wasitnotknownthathemightalmostbesaidtohaveanindependentmind？Aninfluence？Yes，hehadaninfluencenodoubt；butwhatafatalkindofinfluencetowhichtosubjecttherisinggenerationofCatholicEnglishmen！
　　SuchwerethereflectionswhichManningwascarefultopourintothereceptivecarofMonsignorTalbot。Thatusefulpriest，athispostofvantageintheVatican，wasmorethaneverthedevotedservantofthenewArchbishop。Aleague，offensiveanddefensive，hadbeenestablishedbetweenthetwofriends。’IdaresayIshallhavemanyopportunitiestoserveyouinRome，’wroteMonsignorTalbotmodestly，’andIdonotthinkanysupportwillbeuselesstoyou，especiallyonaccountofthepeculiarcharacterofthePope，andthespiritwhichpervadesPropaganda；therefore，Iwishyoutounderstandthatacompactexistsbetweenus；ifyouhelpme，Ishallhelpyou。’Andalittlelaterheadded，’Iamgladyouaccepttheleague。AsIhavealreadydoneforyears，Ishallsupportyou，andIhaveahundredwaysofdoingso。Aworddroppedattheproperoccasionworkswonders。’Perhapsitwashardlynecessarytoremindhiscorrespondentofthat。
　　SofarasNewmanwasconcerned，itsofelloutthatMonsignorTalbotneedednoprompting。DuringthesensationcausedbytheappearanceoftheApologia，ithadoccurredtohimthatitwouldbeanexcellentplantosecureNewmanasapreacherduringLentforthefashionablecongregationwhichattendedhischurchinthePiazzadelPopolo；and，hehadaccordinglywrittentoinvitehimtoRome。Hisletterwasunfortunatelynotatactfulone。HeassuredNewmanthathewouldfindinthePiazzadelPopolo’anaudienceofProtestantsmoreeducatedthancouldeverbethecaseinEngland’，and’Ithinkmyself，’hehadaddedbywayofextrainducement，’thatyouwillderivegreatbenefitfromvisitingRome，andshowingyourselftotheEcclesiasticalAuthorities。’
　　Newmansmiledgrimlyatthis；hedeclaredtoafriendthattheletterwas’insolent’；andhecouldnotresistthetemptationofusinghissharppen。
　　’DearMonsignorTalbot，’hewroteinreply，’Ihavereceivedyourletter，invitingmetopreachinyourChurchatRometoanaudienceofProtestantsmoreeducatedthancouldeverbethecaseinEngland。
　　’However，Birminghampeoplehavesouls；andIhaveneithertastenortalentforthesortofworkwhichyoucutoutforme。AndI
　　begtodeclineyouroffer。

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