Beforetheendofthewatercure,PrinceShcherbatsky,whohadgoneonfromCarlsbadtoBadenandKissingentoRussianfriends-togetabreathofRussianatmosphere,ashesaid-camebacktohiswifeanddaughter。
  TheviewsofthePrinceandofthePrincessonlifeabroadwerecompletelyopposed。ThePrincessthoughteverythingdelightful,andinspiteofherestablishedpositioninRussiansociety,shetriedabroadtobelikeaEuropeanfashionablelady,whichshewasnotforthesimplereasonthatshewasatypicalRussiangentlewoman;andsoshewasaffected,whichdidnotaltogethersuither。ThePrince,onthecontrary,thoughteverythingforeigndetestable,gotsickofEuropeanlife,kepttohisRussianhabits,andpurposelytriedtoshowhimselfabroadlessEuropeanthanhewasinreality。
  ThePrincereturnedthinner,withtheskinhanginginloosebagsonhischeeks,butinthemostcheerfulframeofmind。HisgoodhumorwasevengreaterwhenhesawKittycompletelyrecovered。ThenewsofKitty’sfriendshipwithMadameStahlandVarenka,andthereportsthePrincessgavehimofsomekindofchangeshehadnoticedinKitty,troubledthePrinceandarousedhishabitualfeelingofjealousyofeverythingthatdrewhisdaughterawayfromhim,andadreadthathisdaughtermighthavegotoutofthereachofhisinfluenceintoregionsinaccessibletohim。Butthisunpleasantnewswasalldrownedintheseaofkindlinessandgoodhumorwhichwasalwayswithinhim,andmoresothaneversincehiscourseofCarlsbadwaters。
  ThedayafterhisarrivalthePrince,inhislongovercoat,withhisRussianwrinklesandbaggycheeksproppedupbyastarchedcollar,setoffwithhisdaughtertothespringinthegreatestgoodhumor。
  Itwasalovelymorning:thetidy,cheerfulhouseswiththeirlittlegardens,thesightofthered-faced,red-armed,beer-drinkingGermanwaitresses,workingawaymerrily,andbrightsundidone’sheartgood。Butthenearertheygottothespringstheoftenertheymetsickpeople;andtheirappearanceseemedmorepitiablethaneveramongtheeverydayconditionsofprosperousGermanlife。Kittywasnolongerstruckbythiscontrast。Thebrightsun,thebrilliantgreenofthefoliage,thestrainsofthemusicwereforherthenaturalsettingofallthesefamiliarfaces,withtheirchangestogreateremaciationortoconvalescence,forwhichshewatched。ButtothePrincethebrightnessandgaietyoftheJunemorning,andthesoundoftheorchestraplayingagaywaltztheninfashion,andaboveall,theappearanceoftherobustwaitresses,seemedsomethingunseemlyandmonstrous,inconjunctionwiththeseslowlymovingcadaversgatheredtogetherfromallpartsofEurope。
  Inspiteofhisfeelingofprideand,asitwere,ofthereturnofyouth,whenhewalkedwithhisfavoritedaughteronhisarm,hefeltawkward,andalmostashamedofhisvigorousstepandhissturdy,stoutandfatlimbs。Hefeltalmostlikeamannotdressedinacrowd。
  `Present,presentmetoyournewfriends,’hesaidtohisdaughter,squeezingherhandwithhiselbow。`IlikeevenyourhorridSodenformakingyousowellagain。Onlyit’smelancholy,verymelancholyhere。Who’sthat?’
  Kittymentionedthenamesofallthepeopletheymet,ofsomewithwhomshewasacquainted,andsomewithwhomshewasnot。Attheveryentranceofthegardentheymettheblindlady,MadameBerthe,withherguide,andthePrincewasdelightedtoseetheoldFrenchwoman’sfacelightupwhensheheardKitty’svoice。SheatoncebegantalkingtohimwiththeexaggeratedpolitenessoftheFrench,applaudinghimforhavingsuchadelightfuldaughter,extollingKittytotheskiesbeforeherface,andcallingheratreasure,apearlandaconsolingangel。
  `Well,she’sthesecondangel,then,’saidthePrince,smiling。`ShecallsMademoiselleVarenkaangelnumberone。’
  `Oh!MademoiselleVarenka-she’sarealangel,allez,’MadameBertheassented。
  InthearcadetheymetVarenkaherself。Shewaswalkingrapidlytowardthem,carryinganelegantredbag。
  `Hereispapacome,’Kittysaidtoher。
  Varenkamade-simplyandnaturallyasshedideverything-amovementbetweenabowandcurtsy,andimmediatelybegantalkingtothePrince,withoutshyness,naturally,asshetalkedtoeveryone。
  `OfcourseIknowyou;Iknowyouverywell,’thePrincesaidtoherwithasmile,inwhichKittydetectedwithjoythatherfatherlikedherfriend。`Whereareyouofftoinsuchhaste?’
  `Maman’shere,’shesaid,turningtoKitty。`Shehasnotsleptallnight,andthedoctoradvisedhertogoout。I’mtakingherherwork。’
  `Sothat’sangelnumberone?’saidthePrincewhenVarenkahadgoneon。
  KittysawthatherfatherhadmeanttomakefunofVarenka,butthathecouldnotdoitbecausehelikedher。
  `Come,soweshallseeallyourfriends,’hewenton,`evenMadameStahl,ifshedeignstorecognizeme。’
  `Why,didyouknowher,papa?’Kittyaskedapprehensively,catchingthegleamofironythatkindledinthePrince’seyesatthementionofMadameStahl。
  `Iusedtoknowherhusband,andhertooalittle,beforeshe’djoinedthePietists。’
  `WhatisaPietist,papa?’askedKitty,dismayedtofindthatwhatsheprizedsohighlyinMadameStahlhadaname。
  `Idon’tquiteknowmyself。IonlyknowthatshethanksGodforeverything,foreverymisfortune,andthanksGodtoothatherhusbanddied。Andthat’sratherdroll,astheydidn’tgetontogether。Who’sthat?Whatapiteousface!’heasked,noticingasickmanofmediumheightsittingonabench,wearingabrownovercoatandwhitetrousersthatfellinstrangefoldsabouthislong,fleshlesslegs。Thismanliftedhisstrawhat,showedhisscantycurlyhairandhighforehead,painfullyreddenedbythepressureofthehat。
  `That’sPetrov,anartist,’answeredKittyblushing。`Andthat’shiswife,’sheadded,indicatingAnnaPavlovna,who,asthoughonpurpose,attheveryinstanttheyapproached,walkedawayafterachildthathadrunoffalongapath。
  `Poorfellow!Andwhatafinefacehehas!’saidthePrince。`Whydon’tyougouptohim?Hewantedtospeaktoyou。’
  `Well,letusgo,then,’saidKitty,turningroundresolutely。`Howareyoufeelingtoday?’sheaskedPetrov。
  Petrovgotup,leaningonhisstick,andlookedshylyatthePrince。
  `Thisismydaughter,’saidthePrince。`Letmeintroducemyself。’
  Thepainterbowedandsmiled,showinghisstrangelydazzlingwhiteteeth。
  `Weexpectedyouyesterday,Princess,’hesaidtoKitty。
  Hestaggeredashesaidthis,andthenrepeatedthemotion,tryingtomakeitseemasifithadbeenintentional。
  `Imeanttocome,butVarenkasaidthatAnnaPavlovnasentwordyouwerenotgoing。’
  `Notgoing!’saidPetrov,blushing,andimmediatelybeginningtocough,andhiseyessoughthiswife。`Aneta!Aneta!’hesaidloudly,andtheswollenveinsstoodoutlikecordsonhisthinwhiteneck。
  AnnaPavlovnacameup。
  `SoyousentwordtothePrincessthatweweren’tgoing!’hewhisperedtoherangrily,losinghisvoice。
  `Goodmorning,Princess,’saidAnnaPavlovna,withanassumedsmileutterlyunlikeherformermanner。`Verygladtomakeyouracquaintance,’shesaidtothePrince。`You’velongbeenexpected,Prince。’
  `WhydidyousendwordtothePrincessthatweweren’tgoing?’theartistwhisperedhoarselyagain,stillmoreangrily,obviouslyexasperatedthathisvoicefailedhimsothathecouldnotgivehiswordstheexpressionhewouldhavelikedto。
  `Oh,mercyonus!Ithoughtweweren’tgoing,’hiswifeansweredcrossly。
  `What,when……’Hecoughedandwavedhishand。
  ThePrincetookoffhishatandmovedawaywithhisdaughter。
  `Ah!ah!’hesigheddeeply。`Oh,poorthings!’
  `Yes,papa,’answeredKitty。`Andyoumustknowthey’vethreechildren,noservant,andscarcelyanymeans。HegetssomethingfromtheAcademy,’shewentonbriskly,tryingtodrownthedistressthatqueerchangeinAnnaPavlovna’smannertowardherhadarousedinher。`Oh,here’sMadameStahl,’saidKitty,indicatinganinvalidcarriage,where,proppedonpillows,somethingingrayandbluewaslyingunderasunshade。ThiswasMadameStahl。Behindherstoodthegloomy,robustGermanworkmanwhopushedthecarriage。Closebywasstandingaflaxen-headedSwedishCount,whomKittyknewbyname。Severalinvalidswerelingeringnearthelowcarriage,staringattheladyasthoughsheweresomecuriosity。
  ThePrincewalkeduptoher,andKittydetectedthatdisconcertinggleamofironyinhiseyes。HewalkeduptoMadameStahl,andaddressedherwithextremecourtesyandcharminthatexcellentFrenchwhichsofewspeaknowadays。
  `Idon’tknowifyourememberme,butImustrecallmyselftothankyouforyourkindnesstomydaughter,’hesaidtakingoffhishatandnotputtingitonagain。
  `PrinceAlexandreShcherbatsky,’saidMadameStahl,liftinguponhimherheavenlyeyes,inwhichKittydiscernedalookofannoyance。`Delighted!Ihavetakenagreatfancytoyourdaughter。’
  `Youarestillinweakhealth?’
  `Yes;I’musedtoit,’saidMadameStahl,andsheintroducedthePrincetotheSwedishCount。
  `Youarescarcelychangedatall,’thePrincesaidtoher。`It’stenorelevenyearssinceIhadthehonorofseeingyou。’
  `Yes;Godsendsthecrossandsendsthestrengthtobearit。Oftenonewonderswhatisthegoalofthislife?……Theotherside!’shesaidangrilytoVarenka,whohadrearrangedtherugoverherfeetnottohersatisfaction。
  `Todogood,probably,’saidthePrincewithatwinkleinhiseye。
  `Thatisnotforustojudge,’saidMadameStahl,perceivingtheshadeofexpressiononthePrince’sface。`Soyouwillsendmethatbook,dearCount?I’mverygratefultoyou,’shesaidtotheyoungSwede。
  `Ah!’criedthePrince,catchingsightoftheMoscowcolonelstandingnear,andwithabowtoMadameStahlhewalkedawaywithhisdaughterandtheMoscowcolonel,whojoinedthem。
  `That’souraristocracy,Prince!’theMoscowcolonelsaidwithironicalintention。HecherishedagrudgeagainstMadameStahlfornotmakinghisacquaintance。
  `She’sthesameasever,’repliedthePrince。
  `Didyouknowherbeforeherillness,Prince-that’stosay,beforeshetooktoherbed?’
  `Yes。Shetooktoherbedbeforemyeyes,’saidthePrince。
  `Theysayit’stenyearssinceshehasstoodonherfeet。’
  `Shedoesn’tstandupbecauseherlegsaretooshort。Shehasaverybadfigure。’
  `Papa,it’snotpossible!’criedKitty。
  `That’swhatwickedtonguessay,mydarling。AndyourVarenkaistoendurestill,’headded。`Oh,theseinvalidladies!’
  `Oh,no,papa!’Kittyobjectedwarmly。`Varenkaworshipsher。Andthenshedoessomuchgood!Askanyone!EveryoneknowsherandAlineStahl。’
  `Perhapsso,’saidthePrince,squeezingherhandwithhiselbow;`butit’sbetterwhenonedoesgoodsothatyoumayaskeveryoneandnooneknows。’
  Kittydidnotanswer,notbecauseshehadnothingtosay,butbecauseshedidnotcaretorevealhersecretthoughtseventoherfather。But,strangetosay,althoughshehadmadeuphermindsofirmlynottobeinfluencedbyherfather’sviews,nottolethimintoherinmostsanctuary,shefeltthattheheavenlyimageofMadameStahl,whichshehadcarriedforawholemonthinherheart,hadvanished,nevertoreturn,justasthefantasticfiguremadeupofsomeclothesthrowndownatrandomvanisheswhenoneseesthatitisonlysomefallengarment。Allthatwasleftwasawomanwithshortlegs,wholaydownbecauseshehadabadfigure,andworriedpatientVarenkafornotarrangingherrugtoherliking。AndbynoeffortofherimaginationcouldKittybringbacktheformerMadameStahl。
  ThePrincecommunicatedhisgoodhumortohisownfamilyandhisfriends,andeventotheGermanlandlordinwhoseroomstheShcherbatskyswerestaying。
  OncomingbackwithKittyfromthesprings,thePrince,whohadaskedthecolonel,andMaryaEugenyevna,andVarenkaalltocomeandhavecoffeewiththem,gaveordersforatableandchairstobetakenintothetinygardenunderthechestnuttree,andlunchtobelaidthere。Thelandlordandtheservants,too,grewbriskerundertheinfluenceofhisgoodspirits。Theyknewhisopenhandedness;andhalfanhourlatertheinvaliddoctorfromHamburg,wholivedonthetopfloor,lookedenviouslyoutofhiswindowatthemerrypartyofhealthyRussiansassembledunderthechestnuttree。Inthetremblingcirclesofshadowcastbytheleaves,atatablecoveredwithawhitecloth,andsetwithcoffeepot,bread,butter,cheese,andcoldgame,satthePrincessinahighcapwithlilacribbons,distributingcupsandsandwiches。AttheotherendsatthePrince,eatingheartily,andtalkingloudlyandmerrily。ThePrincehadspreadoutnearhimhispurchases-carvedboxes,andknickknacks,andpaperknivesofallsorts,ofwhichhehadboughtaheapateverywateringplace,andbestowedthemuponeveryone,includingLieschen,theservantgirl,andthelandlord,withwhomhejestedinhiscomicallybadGerman,assuringhimthatitwasnotthewaterhadcuredKitty,buthissplendidcookery-especiallyhisplumsoup。ThePrincesslaughedatherhusbandforhisRussianways,butshewasmorelivelyandgood-humoredthanshehadbeenallthewhileshehadbeenatthewaters。Thecolonelsmiled,ashealwaysdid,atthePrince’sjokes,butasfarasregardsEurope,ofwhichhebelievedhimselftobemakingacarefulstudy,hetookthePrincess’sside。ThegoodheartedMaryaEugenyevnasimplyroaredwithlaughterateverythingabsurdthePrincesaid,andhisjokesmadeVarenkahelplesswithfeeblebutinfectiouslaughter,whichwassomethingKittyhadneverseenbefore。
  Kittywasgladofallthis,butshecouldnotbelighthearted。Shecouldnotsolvetheproblemherfatherhadunconsciouslysetherbyhisgood-humoredviewofherfriends,andofthelifethathadsoattractedher。TothisdoubttherewasjoinedthechangeinherrelationswiththePetrovs,whichhadbeensoconspicuouslyandunpleasantlymarkedthatmorning。Everyonewasgood-humored,butKittycouldnotfeelgood-humored,andthisincreasedherdistress。Shefeltafeelingsuchasshehadknowninchildhood,whenshehadbeenshutinherroomasapunishment,andhadheardhersisters’merrylaughteroutside。
  `Well,butwhatdidyoubuythismassofthingsfor?saidthePrincess,smiling,andhandingherhusbandacupofcoffee。
  `Onegoesforawalk,onelooksinashop,andtheyaskyoutobuy。``Erlaucht,Excellenz,Durchlaucht?’’Directlytheysay``Durchlaucht,’’Ican’tholdout-andtenthalersaregone。’
  `It’ssimplyfromboredom,’saidthePrincess。
  `Ofcourseitis。Suchboredom,mydear,thatonedoesn’tknowwhattodowithoneself。’
  `Howcanyoubebored,Prince?There’ssomuchthat’sinterestingnowinGermany,’saidMaryaEugenyevna。
  `ButIknoweverythingthat’sinteresting:theplumsoupIknowandthepeasausagesIknow。Iknoweverything。’
  `No,youmaysaywhatyoulike,Prince-there’stheinterestoftheirinstitutions,’saidthecolonel。
  `Butwhatisthereinteresting?They’reallasbeamingwithjoyasbrasshalfpence;they’veconqueredeverybody。AndwhyamItobepleasedatthat?Ihaven’tconqueredanyone;onlyIhavemyselftotakeoffmyownboots,and,besides,toexposethembeforethedoor;inthemorning,getupanddressatonce,andgotothecoffeeroomtodrinkbadtea!Howdifferentitisathome!Yougetupinnohaste,yougetcross,grumblealittleandcomeroundagain。You’vetimetothinkthingsover,andnohurry。’
  `Buttime’smoney,youforgetthat,’saidthecolonel。
  `Time,indeed!Why,therearetimesonewouldgiveamonthofforhalfarouble,andtimesyouwouldn’tgivehalfanhourofforanymoney。Isn’tthatso,Katenka?Whatisit?Whyareyousodepressed?’
  `I’mnotdepressed。’
  `Whereareyouoffto?Stayalittlelonger,’hesaidtoVarenka。
  `Imustbegoinghome,’saidVarenka,gettingup,andagainshebrokeoutlaughing。Whenshehadrecovered,shesaidgood-by,andwentintothehousetogetherhat。
  Kittyfollowedher。EvenVarenkastruckherasdifferent。Shewasnotinferior,butdifferentfromwhatshehadfanciedherbefore。
  `Oh,dear!It’salongwhilesinceI’velaughedsomuch!’saidVarenka,gatheringupherparasolandherhandbag。`Whatadearyourfatheris!’
  Kittydidnotspeak。
  `WhenshallIseeyouagain?’askedVarenka。
  `MamanmeanttogoandseethePetrovs。Won’tyoubethere?’saidKitty,totryVarenka。
  `Yes,’answeredVarenka。`They’regettingreadytogoaway,soIpromisedtohelpthempack。’
  `Well,I’llcometoo,then。’
  `No,whyshouldyou?’
  `Whynot?Whynot?Whynot?’saidKitty,openinghereyeswide,andclutchingatVarenka’sparasol,soasnottolethergo。`No,waitaminute-whynot?’
  `Oh,nothing;yourfatherhascome,and,besides,theywillfeelawkwardatyourhelping。’
  `No,tellmewhyyoudon’twantmetobeoftenatthePetrovs?Youdon’twantmeto-whynot?’
  `Ididn’tsaythat,’saidVarenkaquietly。
  `No,pleasetellme!’
  `Tellyoueverything?’askedVarenka。
  `Everything,everything!’Kittyassented。
  `Well,there’sreallynothingofanyconsequence;onlythatMikhailAlexeievich’thatwastheartist’sname`hadmeanttoleaveearlier,andnowhedoesn’twanttogoaway,’saidVarenka,smiling。
  `Goon,goon!’Kittyurgedimpatiently,lookingsomberlyatVarenka。
  `Well,andforsomereasonAnnaPavlovnatoldhimthathedidn’twanttogobecauseyouarehere。Ofcourse,thatwasnonsense;buttherewasadisputeoverit-overyou。Youknowhowirritablethesesickpeopleare。’
  Kitty,scowlingmorethanever,keptsilent,andVarenkawentonspeakingalone,tryingtosoftenorsootheher,andseeingastormcoming-shedidnotknowwhetheroftearsorofwords。
  `Soyou’dbetternotgo……Youunderstand;youwon’tbeoffended?……’
  `Anditservesmeright!Anditservesmeright!’Kittycriedquickly,snatchingtheparasoloutofVarenka’shand,andavoidinglookingatherfriend’sface。
  Varenkafeltinclinedtosmile,lookingatherfriend’schildishfury,butshewasafraidofwoundingher。
  `Howdoesitserveyouright?Idon’tunderstand,’shesaid。
  `Itservesmeright,becauseitwasallsham;becauseitwasalldoneonpurpose,andnotfromtheheart。WhatbusinesshadItointerferewithoutsiders?Andsoit’scomeaboutthatI’mthecauseofaquarrel,andthatI’vedonewhatnobodyaskedmetodo。Becauseitwasallasham!Asham!Asham!……’
  `Asham?Withwhatobject?’saidVarenkagently。
  `Oh,it’ssoidiotic!Sohateful!Therewasnoneedwhateverforme……Nothingbutsham!’shesaid,openingandshuttingtheparasol。
  `Butwithwhatobject?’
  `Toseembettertopeople,tomyself,toGod;todeceiveeveryone。No!NowIwon’tdescendtothat。Onecouldbebad;butanywaynotaliar,notacheat。’
  `Butwhoisacheat?’saidVarenkareproachfully。`Youspeakasif……’
  ButKittywasinoneofhergustsoffury,andshewouldnotletherfinish。
  `Idon’ttalkaboutyou-notaboutyouatall。You’reperfection。Yes,yes,Iknowyou’reallperfection;butwhatamItodoifI’mbad?ThiswouldneverhavebeenifIweren’tbad。SoletmebewhatIam,butnottobeasham。WhathaveItodowithAnnaPavlovna?Letthemgotheirway,andmegomine。Ican’tbedifferent……Andyetit’snotthat,it’snotthat。’
  `Whatisit?’askedVarenkainbewilderment。
  `Everything。Ican’tactexceptfromtheheart,andyouactfromprinciple。Isimplylikedyou,butyoumostlikelyonlywantedtosaveme,toimproveme。’
  `Youareunjust,’saidVarenka。
  `ButI’mnotspeakingofotherpeople,I’mspeakingofmyself。’
  `Kitty,’theyheardhermother’svoice,`comehere,showpapayournecklace。’
  Kitty,withahaughtyair,withoutmakingpeacewithherfriend,tookthenecklaceinalittleboxfromthetableandwenttohermother。
  `What’sthematter?Whyareyousored?’hermotherandfathersaidtoherwithonevoice。
  `Nothing,’sheanswered。`I’llbebackdirectly,’andsheranback。
  `She’sstillhere,’shethought。`WhatamItosaytoher?Oh,dear!WhathaveIdone,whathaveIsaid?WhywasIrudetoher?WhatamItodo?WhatamItosaytoher?’thoughtKitty,andshestoppedinthedoorway。
  VarenkainherhatandwiththeparasolinherhandswassittingatatableexaminingtheparasolspringwhichKittyhadbroken。Sheliftedherhead。
  `Varenka,forgiveme,doforgiveme,’whisperedKitty,goinguptoher。`Idon’trememberwhatIsaid。I……’
  `Ireallydidn’tmeantohurtyou,’saidVarenka,smiling。
  Peacewasmade。Butwithherfather’scomingalltheworldinwhichshehadbeenlivingwastransformedforKitty。Shedidnotgiveupeverythingshehadlearned,butshebecameawarethatshehaddeceivedherselfinsupposingshecouldbewhatshewantedtobe。Hereyeswere,itseemed,opened;shefeltallthedifficultyofmaintainingherselfwithouthypocrisyandself-conceitonthepinnacletowhichshehadwishedtomount。Moreover,shebecameawareofallthedrearinessoftheworldofsorrow,ofsickanddyingpeople,inwhichshehadbeenliving。Theeffortsshehadmadetolikeitseemedtoherintolerable,andshefeltalongingtogetbackquicklyintothefreshair,toRussia,toErgushovo,where,assheknewfromletters,hersisterDollyhadalreadygonewithherchildren。
  ButheraffectionforVarenkadidnotwane。PartingKittybeggedhertocometotheminRussia。
  `I’llcomewhenyougetmarried,’saidVarenka。
  `Ishallnevermarry。’
  `Well,then,Ishallnevercome。’
  `Well,then,Ishallbemarriedsimplyforthat。Mindnow,rememberyourpromise,’saidKitty。
  Thedoctor’spredictionwasfulfilled。Kittyreturnedhome,toRussia,cured。Shewasnotasgayandthoughtlessasbefore,butshewasserene。HerMoscowtroubleshadbecomeamemorytoher。
  SergeiIvanovichKoznishevwantedarestfrommentalwork,andinsteadofgoingabroadasheusuallydid,hecametowardtheendofMaytostayinthecountrywithhisbrother。Inhisjudgmentthebestsortoflifewasacountrylife。Hehadcomenowtoenjoysuchalifeathisbrother’s。KonstantinLevinwasverygladtohavehim,especiallyashedidnotexpecthisbrotherNikolaithatsummer。ButinspiteofhisaffectionandrespectforSergeiIvanovich,KonstantinLevinwasuncomfortablewithhisbrotherinthecountry。Itmadehimuncomfortable,anditevenannoyedhim,toseehisbrother’sattitudetothecountry。ToKonstantinLevinthecountrywasthebackgroundoflife-thatisofpleasures,endeavors,labor;toSergeiIvanovichthecountrymeantononehandrestfromwork,ontheotheravaluableantidotetolaxness-anantidotewhichhetookwithsatisfactionandasenseofitssalutariness。ToKonstantinLevinthecountrywasgoodbecauseitaffordedafieldforlabor,oftheusefulnessofwhichtherecouldbenodoubt;toSergeiIvanovichthecountrywasparticularlygood,becausethereitwaspossibleandfittingtodonothing。Moreover,SergeiIvanovich’sattitudetoward`thepeople’ratherpiquedKonstantin。SergeiIvanovichusedtosaythatheknewandliked`thepeople,’andheoftentalkedtothepeasants,whichheknewhowtodowithoutaffectationorcondescension,andfromeverysuchconversationhewoulddeducegeneralconclusionsinfavorof`thepeople’andinconfirmationofhisknowingthem。KonstantinLevindidnotlikesuchanattitudetoward`thepeople。’ToKonstantin`thepeople’wassimplythechiefpartnerinthecommonlabor,andinspiteofalltherespectandthelove,almostlikethatofkinship,hehadforthepeasantsuckedinprobably,ashesaidhimself,withthemilkofhispeasantnurse,Konstantinasafellowworkerwiththem,whilesometimesenthusiasticoverthevigor,gentleness,andjusticeofthesemen,wasveryoften,whentheircommonlaborscalledforotherqualities,exasperatedwiththepeasantforhiscarelessness,slovenliness,drunkennessandlying。Ifhehadbeenaskedwhetherhelikedordidn’tlike`thepeople,’KonstantinLevinwouldhavebeenabsolutelyatalosswhattoreply。Helikedanddidnotlike`thepeople,’justashelikedanddidnotlikemeningeneral。Ofcourse,beingagoodheartedman,helikedmenmorethanhedislikedthem,andsotoowith`thepeople。’Butlikeordislike`thepeople’assomethingpeculiarhecouldnot,notonlybecausehelivedwith`thepeople,’andallhisinterestswereboundupwiththeirs,butalsobecauseheregardedhimselfasapartof`thepeople,’didnotseeanypeculiarqualitiesorfailingsdistinguishinghimselffrom`thepeople,’andcouldnotcontrasthimselfwiththem。Moreover,althoughhehadlivedsolongintheclosestrelationswiththepeasants,asfarmerandarbitrator,andwhatwasmore,asadviserthepeasantstrustedhim,andforfortyverstasroundtheywouldcometoaskhisadvice,hehadnodefiniteviewsof`thepeople,’andwouldhavebeenasmuchatalosstoanswerthequestionwhetherheknew`thepeople’asthequestionwhetherhelikedthem。Forhimtosayheknew`thepeople’wouldhavebeenthesameastosayheknewmen。Hewascontinuallywatchingandgettingtoknowpeopleofallsorts,andamongthempeasants,whomheregardedasgoodandinterestingpeople,andhewascontinuallyobservingnewpointsinthem,alteringhisformerviewsofthemandformingnewones。
  WithSergeiIvanovichitwasquitethecontrary。Justashelikedandpraisedacountrylifeincomparisonwiththelifehedidnotlike,sotooheliked`thepeople’incontradistinctiontotheclassofmenhedidnotlike,andsotooheknew`thepeople’assomethingdistinctfrom,andopposedto,meningeneral。Inhismethodicalbrainthereweredistinctlyformulatedcertainaspectsofpeasantlife,deducedpartlyfromthatlifeitself,butchieflyfromcontrastwithothermodesoflife。Heneverchangedhisopinionof`thepeople’andhissympatheticattitudetowardthem。
  Inthediscussionsthatarosebetweenthebrothersontheirviewsof`thepeople,’SergeiIvanovichalwaysgotthebetterofhisbrother,preciselybecauseSergeiIvanovichhaddefiniteideasaboutthepeasant-hischaracter,hisqualities,andhistastes;KonstantinLevinhadnodefiniteandunalterableideaonthesubject,andsointheirargumentsKonstantinwasreadilyconvictedofcontradictinghimself。
  InSergeiIvanovich’seyeshisyoungerbrotherwasacapitalfellow,withhisheartintherightplaceasheexpresseditinFrench,butwithamindwhich,thoughfairlyquick,wastoomuchinfluencedbytheimpressionsofthemoment,andconsequentlyfilledwithcontradictions。Withallthecondescensionofanelderbrotherhesometimesexplainedtohimthetrueimportofthings,buthederivedlittlesatisfactionfromarguingwithhimbecausehegotthebetterofhimtooeasily。
  KonstantinLevinregardedhisbrotherasamanofimmenseintellectandculture,asgenerousinthehighestsenseoftheword,andpossessedofaspecialfacultyforworkingforthepublicgood。Butinthedepthsofhisheart,theolderhebecame,andthemoreintimatelyheknewhisbrother,themoreandmorefrequentlythethoughtstruckhimthatthisfacultyofworkingforthepublicgood,ofwhichhefelthimselfutterlydevoid,waspossiblynotsomuchaqualityasalackofsomething-notalackofgood,honest,nobledesiresandtastes,butalackofvitalforce,ofwhatiscalledheart,ofthatimpulsewhichdrivesamantochoosesomeoneoutoftheinnumerablepathsoflife,andtocareonlyforthatone。Thebetterheknewhisbrother,themorehenoticedthatSergeiIvanovich,andmanyotherpeoplewhoworkedforthepublicwelfare,werenotledbyanyimpulseofthehearttocareforthepublicgood,butreasonedfromintellectualconsiderationsthatitwasarightthingtotakeaninterestinpublicaffairs,andconsequentlytookaninterestinthem。Levinwasconfirmedinthisconjecturebyobservingthathisbrotherdidnottakequestionsaffectingthepublicwelfareorthequestionoftheimmortalityofthesoulabitmoretoheartthanhedidchessproblems,ortheingeniousconstructionofanewmachine。
  Besidesthis,KonstantinLevinwasnotathiseasewithhisbrother,becauseinthecountry,especiallyinsummertime,Levinwascontinuallybusywithworkontheland,andthelongsummerdaywasnotlongenoughforhimtogetthroughallhehadtodo,whileSergeiIvanovichwasmerelytakingaholiday。Butthoughhewastakingaholidaynow-thatistosay,hewasdoingnowriting-hewassousedtointellectualactivitythathelikedtoputintoconciseandeloquentshapetheideasthatoccurredtohim,andlikedtohavesomeonelistentohim。Hismostusualandnaturallistenerwashisbrother。Andso,inspiteofthefriendlinessanddirectnessoftheirrelations,Konstantinfeltanawkwardnessinleavinghimalone。SergeiIvanovichlikedtostretchhimselfonthegrassinthesun,andtolieso,baskingandchattinglazily。
  `Youwouldn’tbelieve,’hewouldsaytohisbrother,`whatapleasurethisrurallazinessistome。Notanideainone’sbrain-asemptyasadrum!’
  ButKonstantinLevinfounditdullsittingandlisteningtohim,especiallywhenheknewthatwhilehewasawaymanurewouldbecartedintofieldsnotplowedreadyforit,andheapedupGodknowshow;andthesharesintheplowswouldnotbescrewedin,sothattheywouldcomeoff,andthenhismenwouldsaythenewplowswereasillyinvention,andtherewasnothingliketheoldwoodenplow,andsoon。
  `Come,you’vedoneenoughtrudgingaboutintheheat,’SergeiIvanovichwouldsaytohim。
  `No,Imustjustrunroundtothecountinghouseforaminute,’Levinwouldanswer,andwouldrunofftothefields。
  EarlyinJuneAgathyaMikhailovna,theoldnurseandhousekeeper,incarryingtothecellarajarofmushroomsshehadjustpickled,happenedtoslip,fallandsprainherwrist。Thedistrictdoctor,atalkativeyoungmedicowhohadjustfinishedhisstudies,cametoseeher。Heexaminedthewrist,saiditwasnotluxated,bandagedit,andbeingaskedtodinnerevidentlywasdelightedatachanceoftalkingtothecelebratedSergeiIvanovichKoznishev,andtoshowhisadvancedviewsofthingstoldhimallthescandalofthedistrict,complainingofthepoorstateintowhichtheZemstvoaffairshadfallen。SergeiIvanovichlistenedattentively,askedhimquestions,and,rousedbyanewlistener,hetalkedfluently,utteredafewkeenandweightyobservations,respectfullyappreciatedbytheyoungdoctor,andwassooninthatanimatedframeofmindhisbrotherknewsowell,whichalways,withhim,followedabrilliantandanimatedconversation。Afterthedepartureofthedoctor,hewantedtogowithafishingrodtotheriver。SergeiIvanovichwasfondofangling,andwas,itseemed,proudofbeingabletocareforsuchastupidoccupation。
  KonstantinLevin,whosepresencewasneededintheplowlandandthemeadows,hadcometotakehisbrotherinthecabriolet。
  Itwasthattimeoftheyear,theturningpointofsummer,whenthecropsofthepresentyearareacertainty,whenonebeginstothinkofthesowingfornextyear,andthemowingisathand;whentheryeisallinear,thoughitsearsarestilllight,notyetfull,anditwavesingray-greenbillowsinthewind;whenthegreenoats,withtuftsofyellowgrassscatteredhereandthereamongit,droopirregularlyoverthelate-sownfields;whentheearlybuckwheatisalreadyoutandhidingtheground;whenthefallowlands,troddenhardasstonebythecattle,arehalf-plowedover,withpathsleftuntouchedbytheplow;whentheodorfromthedrymanureheapscartedintothefieldsminglesatsunsetwiththesmellofmeadowsweet,andonthelow-lyinglandsthepreservedmeadowsareathickseaofgrasswaitingforthemowing,withblackenedheapsofsorrelstalksamongit。
  Itwasthetimewhentherecomesabriefpauseinthetoilofthefieldsbeforethebeginningofthelaborsofharvest-everyyearrecurring,everyyearclaimingallthepeasant’sthews。Thecropwasasplendidone,andbright,hotsummerdayshadsetinwithshort,dewynights。
  Thebrothershadtodrivethroughthewoodstoreachthemeadows。SergeiIvanovichwasallthewhileadmiringthebeautyofthewoods,whichwereatangledmassofleaves,pointingouttohisbrothernowanoldlimetreeonthepointofflowering,darkontheshadyside,andbrightlyspottedwithyellowstipules,nowtheyoungshootsofthisyear’ssaplingsbrilliantwithemerald。KonstantinLevindidnotliketalkingandhearingaboutthebeautyofnature。Wordsforhimtookawaythebeautyofwhathesaw。Heassentedtowhathisbrothersaid,butcouldnothelpthinkingofotherthings。Whentheycameoutofthewoods,allhisattentionwasengrossedbytheviewofthefallowlandontheupland,inpartsyellowwithgrass,inpartstrampledandcheckeredwithfurrows,inpartsdottedwithridgesofmanure,andinpartsevenplowed。Astringoftelegaswasmovingacrossit。Levincountedthetelegas,andwaspleasedthatallthatwerewantedhadbeenbrought,andatthesightofthemeadowshisthoughtspassedtothemowing。Healwaysfeltsomethingpeculiarmovinghimtothequickathaymaking。OnreachingthemeadowLevinstoppedthehorse。
  Themorningdewwasstilllyingonthethickundergrowthofthegrass,and,thathemightnotgethisfeetwet,SergeiIvanovichaskedhisbrothertodrivehiminthecabrioletuptothewillowtreefromwhichtheperchwerecaught。SorryasKonstantinLevinwastocrushdownhismowinggrass,hedrovehimintothemeadow。Thehighgrasssoftlyturnedaboutthewheelsandthehorse’slegs,leavingitsseedsclingingtothewetaxlesandspokesofthewheels。
  Hisbrotherseatedhimselfunderabush,arranginghistackle,whileLevinledthehorseaway,tiedhimupandwalkedintothevastgray-greenseaofgrassunstirredbythewind。Thesilkygrasswithitsripeseedscamealmosttohiswaistintheriversidespots。
  Crossingthemeadow,KonstantinLevincameoutontheroad,andmetanoldmanwithaswolleneye,carryingaswarmingbasketwithbees。
  `What?Takenastrayswarm,Fomich?’heasked。
  `No,indeed,KonstantinMitrich!Allwecandotokeepourown!Thisisthesecondnewswarmthathasflownaway……Luckilytheladscaughtthem。Theywereplowingyourfield。Theyunyokedthehorsesandgallopedafterthem。’
  `Well,whatdoyousay,Fomich-startmowingorwaitabit?’
  `Well,now!Ourway’stowaittillSt。Peter’sDay。Butyoualwaysmowsooner。Well,tobesure,pleaseGod,thehay’sgood。There’llbeplentyforthebeasts。’
  `Whatdoyouthinkabouttheweather?’
  `That’sinGod’shands。Maybeeventheweatherwillfavorus。’
  Levinwalkeduptohisbrother。
  SergeiIvanovichhadcaughtnothing,buthewasnotbored,andseemedinthemostcheerfulframeofmind。Levinsawthat,stimulatedbyhisconversationwiththedoctor,hewantedtotalk。Levin,ontheotherhand,wouldhavelikedtogethomeassoonaspossible,togiveordersaboutgettingtogetherthemowersfornextday,andtosetatresthisdoubtsaboutthemowing,whichgreatlyabsorbedhim。
  `Well,let’sbegoing,’hesaid。
  `Whybeinsuchahurry?Let’sstayalittle。Buthowwetyouare!Eventhoughonecatchesnothing,it’sfine。That’sthebestthingabouteverypartofsport,thatonehastodowithnature。Howexquisitethissteelywateris!’saidSergeiIvanovich。`Theseriversidebanksalwaysremindmeoftheriddle-doyouknowit?``Thegrasssaystotheriver:wequiverandwequiver。’’
  `Idon’tknowtheriddle,’answeredLevincheerlessly。
  `DoyouknowI’vebeenthinkingaboutyou,’saidSergeiIvanovich。`It’sbeyondeverythingwhat’sbeingdoneinthedistrict,accordingtowhatthisdoctortellsme。He’saveryintelligentfellow。AndasI’vetoldyoubefore,Itellyouagain:it’snotrightforyounottogotothemeetings,andtokeepoutoftheZemstvoaffairsentirely。Ifdecentpeoplewon’tgointoit,ofcourseit’sboundtogoallwrong。Wepaythemoney,anditallgoesinsalaries,andtherearenoschools,nordistrictdressers,normidwives,norpharmacies-nothing。’
  `Well,Ididtry,youknow,’Levinsaidgentlyandunwillingly。`Ican’t!Andsothere’snohelpforit。’
  `Butwhycan’tyou?ImustownIcan’tmakeitout。Indifference,incapacity-Iwon’tadmit;surelyit’snotsimplylaziness?’
  `Noneofthosethings。I’vetried,andIseeIcandonothing,’saidLevin。
  Hehadhardlygraspedwhathisbrotherwassaying。Lookingtowardtheplowlandacrosstheriver,hemadeoutsomethingblack,buthecouldnotdistinguishwhetheritwasahorseorthebailiffonhorseback。
  `Whyisityoucandonothing?Youmadeanattemptanddidn’tsucceed,asyouthink,andyougivein。Howcanyouhavesolittleambition?’
  `Ambition!’saidLevin,stungtothequickbyhisbrother’swords;`Idon’tunderstand。Ifthey’dtoldmeatcollegethatotherpeopleunderstoodtheintegralcalculus,andIdidn’t,thenambitionwouldhavecomein。Butinthiscaseonewantsfirsttobeconvincedthatonehascertainabilitiesforthissortofbusiness,andespeciallythatallthisbusinessisofgreatimportance。’
  `What!Doyoumeantosayit’snotofimportance?’saidSergeiIvanovich,stungtothequickinhisturnbyhisbrother’sconsideringofnoimportanceanythingthatinterestedhim,andstillmoreathisobviouslypayinglittleattentiontowhathewassaying。
  `Idon’tthinkitimportant;itdoesnottakeholdofme-Ican’thelpit,’answeredLevin,makingoutthatwhathesawwasthebailiff,andthatthebailiffseemedtobelettingthepeasantsgoofftheplowedland。Theywereturningtheplowover。`Cantheyhavefinishedplowing?’hewondered。
  `Come,reallythough,’saidtheelderbrother,withafrownonhishandsome,cleverface,`there’salimittoeverything。It’sverywelltobeoriginalandgenuine,andtodislikeeverythinghypocritical-Iknowallaboutthat;butreally,whatyou’resayingeitherhasnomeaning,orithasaverywrongmeaning。Howcanyouthinkitamatterofnoimportancewhether``thepeople,’whomyouloveasyouassert……’
  `Ineverdidassertit,’thoughtKonstantinLevin。
  `……diewithouthelp?Theignorantpeasantwomenstarvethechildren,andthepeoplestagnateindarkness,andarehelplessinthehandsofeveryvillageclerk,whileyouhaveatyourdisposalameansofhelpingthem,anddon’thelpthembecausetoyourmindit’sofnoimportance!’
  AndSergeiIvanovichputbeforehimthedilemma:Eitheryouaresoundevelopedthatyoucan’tseeallthatyoucando,oryouwon’tsacrificeyourease,yourvanity,orwhateveritis,todoit。
  KonstantinLevinfeltthattherewasnocourseopentohimbuttosubmit,ortoconfesstoalackofzealforthepublicgood。Andthismortifiedhimandhurthisfeelings。
  `It’sboth,’hesaidresolutely;`Idon’tseethatitispossible……’
  `What!Isitimpossible,ifthemoneywereproperlylaidout,toprovidemedicalaid?’
  `Impossible,asitseemstome……Forthefourthousandsquareverstasofourdistrict,whatwithourundersnowwaters,andthestorms,andtheworkinthefields,Idon’tseehowitispossibletoprovidemedicalaidallover。Andbesides,Idon’tbelieveinmedicine。’
  `Oh,well,that’sunfair……Icanquotetoyouthousandsofinstances……Buttheschools,atleast?’
  `Whyhaveschools?’
  `Whatdoyoumean?Cantherebetwoopinionsoftheadvantageofeducation?Ifit’sagoodthingforyou,it’sagoodthingforeveryone。’
  KonstantinLevinfelthimselfmorallypinnedagainstawall,andsohebecameheated,andunconsciouslyblurtedoutthechiefcauseofhisindifferencetopublicbusiness。
  `Perhapsitmayallbeverygood;butwhyshouldIworrymyselfaboutestablishingdispensarieswhichIshallnevermakeuseof,andschoolstowhichIshallneversendmychildren,towhicheventhepeasantsdon’twanttosendtheirchildren,andtowhichI’venoveryfirmfaiththattheyoughttosendthem?’saidhe。
  SergeiIvanovichwasforaminutesurprisedatthisunexpectedviewofthesubject;buthepromptlymadeanewplanofattack。
  Hewassilentforalittle,drewoutahook,threwitinagain,andturnedtohisbrothersmiling。
  `Come,now……Inthefirstplace,thedispensaryisneeded。WeourselvessentforthedistrictdoctorforAgathyaMikhailovna。’
  `Oh,well,butIfancyherwristwillneverbestraightagain。’
  `Thatremainstobeproved……Next,thepeasantwhocanreadandwriteisasaworkmanofmoreuseandvaluetoyou。’
  `No;youcanaskanyoneyoulike,’KonstantinLevinansweredwithdecision,`themanthatcanreadandwriteismuchinferiorasaworkman。Andmendingthehighroadsisanimpossibility;andassoonastheyputupbridgesthey’restolen。’
  `Still,that’snotthepoint,’saidSergeiIvanovich,frowning。Hedislikedcontradiction,andstillmore,argumentsthatwerecontinuallyskippingfromonethingtoanother,introducingnewanddisconnectedpoints,sothattherewasnoknowingtowhichtoreply。`Letmesay。Doyouadmitthateducationisabenefitforthepeople?’
  `Yes,Iadmitit,’saidLevinwithoutthinking,andhewasconsciousimmediatelythathehadsaidwhathedidnotthink。Hefeltthatifheadmittedthat,itwouldbeprovedthathehadbeentalkingmeaninglessrubbish。Howitwouldbeprovedhecouldnottell,butheknewthatthiswouldinevitablybelogicallyprovedtohim,andheawaitedtheproofs。
  TheargumentturnedouttobefarsimplerthanKonstantinLevinhadexpected。
  `Ifyouadmitthatitisabenefit,’saidSergeiIvanovich,`then,asanhonestman,youcannothelpcaringaboutitandsympathizingwiththemovement,andsowishingtoworkforit。’
  `ButIstilldonotadmitthismovementtobegood,’saidKonstantinLevin,reddening。
  `What!Butyoujustsaidnow……’
  `That’stosay,Idon’tadmitit’sbeingeithergoodorpossible。’
  `Thatyoucan’ttellwithoutmakingthetrial。’
  `Well,supposingthatisso,’saidLevin,thoughhedidnotsupposesoatall,`supposingthatisso,stillIdon’tsee,allthesame,whyIshouldworrymyselfaboutit。’
  `Howso?’
  `No;sincewearetalking,explainittomefromthephilosophicalpointofview,’saidLevin。
  `Ican’tseewherephilosophycomesin,’saidSergeiIvanovich,inatone,Levinfancied,asthoughhedidnotadmithisbrother’srighttotalkaboutphilosophy。AndthatirritatedLevin。
  `I’lltellyou,then,’hesaidwithheat,`Iimaginethemainspringofallouractionsis,afterall,self-interest。NowintheZemstvoinstitutionsI,asanobleman,seenothingthatcouldconducetomyprosperity。Theroadsarenotbetterandcouldnotbebetter;myhorsescarrymewellenoughoverbadones。Doctorsanddispensariesareofnousetome。Ajusticeofthepeaceisofnousetome-Ineverappealtohim,andnevershallappealtohim。Theschoolsareofnogoodtome,butpositivelyharmful,asItoldyou。FormetheZemstvoinstitutionssimplymeantheliabilityofpayingeighteenkopecksforeverydessiatina,ofdrivingintothetown,sleepingwithbedbugs,andlisteningtoallsortsofidiocyandblather,andself-interestoffersmenoinducement。’
  `Excuseme,’SergeiIvanovichinterposedwithasmile,`self-interestdidnotinduceustoworkfortheemancipationoftheserfs,yetwedidworkforit。’
  `No!’KonstantinLevinbrokeinwithstillgreaterheat;`theemancipationoftheserfswasadifferentmatter。Thereself-interestdidcomein。Onelongedtothrowoffthatyokethatcrushedus-allthedecentpeopleamongus。ButtobeamemberoftheZemstvoanddiscusshowmanystreetcleanersareneeded,andhowsewersshallbeconstructedinthetowninwhichIdon’tlive-toserveonajuryandtryapeasantwhohasstolenaflitchofbacon,andlistenforsixhoursatastretchtoallsortsofjabberfromthecounselforthedefenseandtheprosecution,andthepresidentcross-examiningmyoldsimpletonAlioshka:``Doyouadmit,prisoneratthebar,thefactoftheremovalofthebacon’-``Eh?’’
  KonstantinLevinhadwarmedtohissubject,andbeganmimickingthepresidentandthehalf-wittedAlioshka:itseemedtohimthatitwasalltothepoint。
  ButSergeiIvanovichshruggedhisshoulders。
  `Well,whatdoyoumeantosay,then?’
  `Isimplymeantosaythatthoserightsthattouchme……myinterest,Ishallalwaysdefendtothebestofmyability;thatwhenraidsweremadeonusstudents,andthepolicereadourletters,Iwasreadytodefendthoserightstotheutmost,todefendmyrightstoeducationandfreedom。Icanunderstandcompulsorymilitaryservice,whichaffectsmychildren,mybrothers,andmyself-Iamreadytodeliberateonwhatconcernsme;butdeliberatingonhowtospendfortythousandroublesofZemstvo’smoney,orjudgingthehalf-wittedAlioshka-thatIdon’tunderstand,andIcan’tdoit。’
  KonstantinLevinspokeasthoughthefloodgatesofhisspeechhadburstopen。SergeiIvanovichsmiled。
  `Buttomorrowit’llbeyourturntobetried;wouldithavesuitedyourtastesbettertobetriedintheoldcriminalcourt?’
  `I’mnotgoingtobetried。Ishan’tmurderanybody,andI’venoneedofit。Well,Itellyouwhat,’hewenton,flyingoffagaintoasubjectquitebesidethepoint,`ourdistrictself-governmentandalltherestofit-it’sjustlikethebirchsaplingswestickintheground,aswewoulddoitonTrinityDay,tolooklikeacopsewhichhasgrownupofitselfinEurope,andIcan’tgushoverthesebirchsaplingsandbelieveinthem。’
  SergeiIvanovichmerelyshruggedhisshoulders,asthoughtoexpresshiswonderhowthebirchsaplingshadcomeintotheirargumentatthatpoint,thoughhedidreallyunderstandatoncewhathisbrothermeant。
  `Excuseme,butyouknowonereallycan’targueinthatway,’heobserved。
  ButKonstantinLevinwantedtojustifyhimselfforthefailing,ofwhichhewasconscious,ofalackofzealforthepublicwelfare,andhewenton。
  `Iimagine,’Konstantinsaid,`thatnosortofactivityislikelytobelastingifitisnotfoundedonself-interest-that’sauniversalprinciple,aphilosophicalprinciple,’hesaid,repeatingtheword`philosophical’withdetermination,asthoughwishingtoshowthathehadasmuchrightasanyoneelsetotalkofphilosophy。
  SergeiIvanovichsmiled。`Hetoohasaphilosophyofhisownattheserviceofhisnaturaltendencies,’hethought。
  `Come,you’dbetterletphilosophyalone,’hesaid。`Thechiefproblemofthephilosophyofallagesconsistspreciselyinfindingthatindispensableconnectionwhichexistsbetweenindividualandsocialinterests。Butthat’snottothepoint;whatistothepointisacorrectionImustmakeinyourcomparison。Thebirchesarenotsimplystuckin,butsomearesownandsomeareplanted,andonemustdealcarefullywiththem。It’sonlythosepeoplesthathaveanintuitivesenseofwhat’sofimportanceandsignificanceintheirinstitutions,andknowhowtovaluethem,whohaveafuturebeforethem-it’sonlythosepeoplesthatonecantrulycallhistorical。’
  AndSergeiIvanovichcarriedthesubjectintotheregionsofphilosophicalhistorywhereKonstantinLevincouldnotfollowhim,andshowedhimalltheincorrectnessofhisoutlook。
  `Asforyourdislikeofit-excusemysayingso-that’ssimplyourRussianslothandoldserfowners’ways,andI’mconvincedthatinyouit’satemporaryerrorandwillpass。’
  Konstantinwassilent。Hefelthimselfvanquishedonallsides,buthefeltatthesametimethatwhathewantedtosaywasunintelligibletohisbrother。Onlyhecouldnotmakeuphismindwhetheritwasunintelligiblebecausehewasnotcapableofexpressinghismeaningclearly,orbecausehisbrotherwouldnotorcouldnotunderstandhim。Buthedidnotpursuethespeculation,and,withoutreplying,hefelltomusingonaquitedifferentandpersonalmatter。
  SergeiIvanovichwoundupthelastline,unhitchedthehorse,andtheydroveoff。
  ThepersonalmatterthatabsorbedLevinduringhisconversationwithhisbrotherwasthis。Once,theyearprevious,hehadgonetolookatthemowing,andbeingmadeveryangrybythebailiffhehadhadrecoursetohisfavoritemeansforregaininghistemper-hehadtakenascythefromapeasantandbegunmowing。
  Helikedtheworksomuchthathehadseveraltimestriedhishandatmowingsince。Hehadcutthewholeofthemeadowinfrontofhishouse,andthisyear,eversincetheearlyspring,hehadcherishedaplanformowingforwholedaystogetherwiththepeasants。Eversincehisbrother’sarrivalhehadbeenindoubtastowhethertomowornot。Hewasloathtoleavehisbrotheralonealldaylong,andhewasafraidhisbrotherwouldlaughathimaboutit。Butashedroveintothemeadow,andrecalledthesensationsofmowing,hecameneardecidingthathewouldgomowing。Aftertheirritatingdiscussionwithhisbrother,heponderedoverthisintentionagain。
  `Imusthavephysicalexercise,ormytemper’llcertainlyberuined,’hethought,andhedeterminedhewouldgomowing,howeverawkwardhemightfeelaboutitwithhisbrotherorthepeasants。
  TowardeveningKonstantinLevinwenttohiscountinghouse,gavedirectionsastotheworktobedone,andsentaboutthevillagetosummonthemowersforthemorrow,tocutthehayinKalinovmeadow,thelargestandbestofhisgrasslands。
  `Andsendmyscythe,please,toTit,forhimtosetit,andbringitroundtomorrow。Imaydosomemowingmyself,too,’hesaid,tryingnottobeembarrassed。
  Thebailiffsmiledandsaid:
  `Yes,sir。’
  AtteathesameeveningLevinsaidtohisbrothertoo。
  `Ifancythefineweatherwilllast,’saidhe。`TomorrowIshallstartmowing。’
  `I’msofondofthatformoffieldlabor,’saidSergeiIvanovich。
  `I’mawfullyfondofit。Isometimesmowmyselfwiththepeasants,andtomorrowIwanttotrymowingthewholeday。’
  SergeiIvanovichliftedhishead,andlookedwithcuriosityathisbrother。
  `Howdoyoumean?Justlikeoneofthepeasants,alldaylong?’
  `Yes,it’sverypleasant,’saidLevin。
  `It’ssplendidasexercise,onlyyou’llhardlybeabletostandit,’saidSergeiIvanovich,withoutashadeofirony。
  `I’vetriedit。It’shardworkatfirst,butyougetintoit。IdaresayIshallmanagetokeepitup……’
  `Oh,sothat’sit!Buttellme,howdothepeasantslookatit?Isupposetheylaughintheirsleevesattheirmaster’sbeingsuchaqueerfish?’
  `No,Idon’tthinkso;butit’ssodelightful,andatthesametimesuchhardwork,thatonehasnotimetothinkaboutit。’
  `Buthowwillyoudoaboutdiningwiththem?TosendyouabottleofLafitteandroastturkeyouttherewouldbealittleawkward。’
  `No,I’llsimplycomehomeatthetimeoftheirnoondayrest。’
  NextmorningKonstantinLevingotupearlierthanusual,buthewasdetainedgivingdirectionsonthefarm,andwhenhereachedthemowinggrassthemowerswerealreadyattheirsecondswath。
  Fromtheuplandshecouldgetaviewoftheshadedcutpartofthemeadowbelow,withthegrayishswathsandtheblackheapsofcoats,takenoffbythemowersattheplacefromwhichtheyhadstartedcutting。
  Gradually,asherodetowardthemeadow,thepeasantscameintosight,someincoats,someintheirshirts,mowing,onebehindanotherinalongstring,eachswinginghisscytheinhisownway。Hecountedforty-twoofthem。
  Theyweremowingslowlyovertheuneven,low-lyingpartsofthemeadow,wheretherehadbeenanolddam。Levinrecognizedsomeofhisownmen。HerewasoldIermilinaverylongwhitesmock,bendingforwardtoswingascythe;therewasayoungfellow,Vaska,whohadbeenacoachmanofLevin’s,takingeveryswathwithawidesweep。Here,too,wasTit,Levin’spreceptorintheartofmowing,athinlittlepeasant。Hewentonahead,andcuthiswideswathwithoutbending,asthoughplayingwithhisscythe。
  Levingotoffhismare,andfasteningherupbytheroadsidewenttomeetTit,whotookasecondscytheoutofabushandgaveithim。
  `It’sready,sir;it’slikearazor-itcutsofitself,’saidTit,takingoffhiscapwithasmileandgivinghimthescythe。
  Levintookthescythe,andbegantryingit。Astheyfinishedtheirswaths,themowers,hotandgood-humored,cameoutintotheroadoneafteranother,andsmirking,greetedthemaster。Theyallstaredathim,butnoonemadeanyremark,tillatalloldman,withawrinkled,beardlessface,wearingashortsheepskinjacket,cameoutintotheroadandaccostedhim。
  `Look’eenow,master,oncetakeholdoftherope,there’snolettinggo!’hesaid,andLevinheardsmotheredlaughteramongthemowers。
  `I’lltrynottoletitgo,’hesaid,takinghisstandbehindTit,andwaitingforthetimetobegin。
  `Mind’ee,’repeatedtheoldman。
  Titmaderoom,andLevinstartedbehindhim。Thegrasswasshortclosetotheroad,andLevin,whohadnotdoneanymowingforalongwhile,andwasdisconcertedbytheeyesfasteneduponhim,cutbadlyforthefirstmoments,thoughheswunghisscythevigorously。Behindhimheheardvoices:
  `It’snotsetright;handle’stoohigh;seehowhehastostooptoit,’saidone。
  `Pressmoreontheheelofthescythe,’saidanother。
  `Nevermind,he’llgetonallright,’theoldmanresumed。`See,he’smadeastart……Youswingittoowide,you’lltireyourselfout……Themaster,sure,doeshisbestforhimself!Butseethegrassmissedout!Forsuchworkusfellowswouldcatchit!’
  Thegrassbecamelusher,andLevin,listeningwithoutanswering,followedTit,tryingtodothebesthecould。Theymovedahundredpaces。Titkeptmovingon,withoutstopping,norshowingtheslightestweariness,butLevinwasalreadybeginningtofearhewouldnotbeabletokeepitup-sotiredwashe。
  Hefeltasheswunghisscythethathewasattheveryendofhisstrength,andwasmakinguphismindtoaskTittostop。ButatthatverymomentTitstoppedofhisownaccord,and,stoopingdown,pickedupsomegrass,rubbedhisscythe,andbeganwhettingit。Levinstraightenedhimself,anddrawingadeepbreathlookedround。Behindhimcameapeasant,andhetoowasevidentlytired,forhestoppedatoncewithoutwaitingtomowuptoLevin,andbeganwhettinghisscythe。TitsharpenedhisscytheandLevin’s,andtheywenton。
  Thenexttimeitwasjustthesame。Titmovedonwithsweepaftersweepofhisscythe,withoutstoppingorshowingsignsofweariness。Levinfollowedhim,tryingnottogetleftbehind,andhefounditharderandharder:themomentcamewhenhefelthehadnostrengthleft,butatthatverymomentTitstoppedandwhettedthescythes。
  Sotheymowedthefirstrow。AndthislongrowseemedparticularlyhardworktoLevin;butwhentheendwasreached,andTit,shoulderinghisscythe,beganwithdeliberatestridereturningonthetracksleftbyhisheelsinthecutgrass,andLevinwalkedbackinthesamewayoverthespacehehadcut,inspiteofthesweatthatraninstreamsoverhisfaceandfellindropsdownhisnose,anddrenchedhisbackasthoughhehadbeensoakedinwater,hefeltveryhappy。Whatdelightedhimparticularlywasthatnowheknewhewouldbeabletoholdout。
  Hispleasurewasonlydisturbedbyhisswathnotbeingwellcut。`Iwillswinglesswithmyarmandmorewithmywholebody,’hethought,comparingTit’sswath,whichlookedasifithadbeencutalongasurveyor’scord,withhisownscatteredandirregularlylyinggrass。
  Thefirstswath,asLevinnoticed,Tithadmowedespeciallyquickly,probablywishingtoputhismastertothetest,andtheswathhappenedtobealongone。Thenextswathswereeasier,butstillLevinhadtostraineverynervenottodropbehindthepeasants。
  Hethoughtofnothing,wishedfornothing,savenottobeleftbehindthepeasants,andtodohisworkaswellaspossible。Heheardnothingsavetheswishofscythes,andsawbeforehimTit’suprightfiguremowingaway,thecrescent-shapedcurveofthecutgrass,thegrassandflowersslowlyandrhythmicallyfallingbeforethebladeofhisscythe,andaheadofhimtheendoftheswath,wherewouldcometherest。
  Suddenly,inthemidstofhistoil,withoutunderstandingwhatitwasorwhenceitcame,hefeltapleasantsensationofchillonhishot,moistshoulders。Heglancedattheskyintheintervalforwhettingthescythes。Aheavy,loweringstormcloudhadblownup,andbigraindropswerefalling。Someofthepeasantswenttotheircoatsandputthemon;others-justlikeLevinhimself-merelyshruggedtheirshoulders,enjoyingthepleasantcoolnessofit。
  Anotherswath,andyetanotherswathfollowed-longswathsandshortswaths,withgoodgrassandwithpoorgrass。Levinlostallsenseoftime,andcouldnothavetoldwhetheritwerelateorearlynow。Achangebegantocomeoverhiswork,whichgavehimimmensesatisfaction。Inthemidstofhistoilthereweremomentsduringwhichheforgotwhathewasdoing,anditallcameeasytohim,andatthosesamemomentshisswathwasalmostassmoothandwellcutasTit’s。Butassoonasherecollectedwhathewasdoing,andbegantryingtodobetter,hewasatonceconsciousofallthedifficultyofhistask,andtheswathwasbadlymown。
  Onfinishingyetanotherswathhewouldhavegonebacktothetopofthemeadowagaintobeginthenext,butTitstopped,andgoinguptotheoldmansaidsomethinginalowvoicetohim。Theybothlookedatthesun。`Whataretheytalkingabout,andwhydoesn’thegoback?’thoughtLevin,withoutguessingthatthepeasantshadbeenmowingnolessthanfourhourswithoutstopping,andthatitwastimefortheirlunch。
  `Lunch,sir,’saidtheoldman。
  `Isitreallytime?Lunchitis,then。’
  LevingavehisscythetoTit,and,togetherwiththepeasants,whowerecrossingthelongstretchofmowngrass,slightlysprinkledwithrain,togettheirbreadfromtheheapofcoats,hewenttowardhishorse。Onlythendidhesuddenlyawaketothefactthathehadbeenwrongabouttheweatherandthattherainwasdrenchinghishay。
  `Thehaywillbespoiled,’hesaid。
  `Notabitofit,sir;mowintherain,andyou’llrakeinfineweather!’saidtheoldman。
  Levinuntiedhishorseandrodehometohiscoffee。
  SergeiIvanovichwasjustgettingup。Whenhehaddrunkhiscoffee,LevinrodebackagaintothemowingbeforeSergeiIvanovichhadhadtimetodressandcomedowntothediningroom。
  AfterlunchLevinwasnotinthesameplaceinthestringofmowersasbefore,butstoodbetweentheoldmanwhohadaccostedhimjocosely,andnowinvitedhimtobehisneighbor,andayoungpeasant,whohadonlybeenmarriedintheautumn,andwhowasmowingthissummerforthefirsttime。
  Theoldman,holdinghimselferect,movedinfront,withhisfeetturnedout,takinglong,regularstrides,andwithapreciseandregularactionwhichseemedtocosthimnomoreeffortthanswingingone’sarmsinwalking,asthoughitwereinplay,helaiddownthehigh,evenswathofgrass。Itwasasthoughitwerenothebutthesharpscytheofitselfswishingthroughthejuicygrass。
  BehindLevincametheladMishka。Hiscomely,youthfulface,withatwistoffreshgrassboundroundhishair,wasallworkingwitheffort;butwheneveranyonelookedathimhesmiled。Hewouldclearlyhavediedsoonerthanownitwashardworkforhim。
  Levinkeptbetweenthem。Intheveryheatofthedaythemowingdidnotseemsuchhardworktohim。Theperspirationwithwhichhewasdrenchedcooledhim,whilethesun,thatburnedhisback,hishead,andhisarms,baretotheelbow,gaveavigoranddoggedenergytohislabor;andmoreandmoreoftennowcamethosemomentsofunconsciousness,whenitwaspossiblenottothinkofwhatonewasdoing。Thescythecutofitself。Thesewerehappymoments。Stillmoredelightfulwerethemomentswhentheyreachedthestreamwheretheswathsended,andtheoldmanrubbedhisscythewiththewet,thickgrass,rinseditsbladeinthefreshwaterofthestream,ladledoutalittleinawhetstonecase,andofferedLevinadrink。
  `Whatdoyousaytomykvass,eh?Good,eh?’hewouldsay,winking。
  AndtrulyLevinhadneverdrunkanyliquorasgoodasthiswarmwaterwithgreenbitsfloatinginit,andatasteofrustfromthetinwhetstonecase。Andimmediatelyafterthiscamethedelicious,slowsaunter,withhishandonthescythe,duringwhichhecouldwipeawaythestreamingsweat,takedeepbreathsofair,andlookaboutatthelongstringofmowers,andatwhatwashappeningaroundintheforestandthefield。
  ThelongerLevinmowed,theoftenerhefeltthemomentsofunconsciousnessinwhichitseemedthatitwasnothishandswhichswungthescythe,butthatthescythewasmovingtogetherwithitselfabodyfulloflifeandconsciousnessofitsown;andasthoughbymagic,withoutthinkingofit,theworkturnedoutregularandwell-finishedofitself。Thesewerethemostblissfulmoments。
  Itwasonlyhardworkwhenhehadtobreakoffthemotion,whichhadbecomeunconscious,andtothink;whenhehadtomowroundahummockoranunweededtuftofsorrel。Theoldmandidthiseasily。Whenahummockcamehechangedhisaction,andatonetimewiththeheel,andatanotherwiththetipofhisscythe,clippedthehummockroundbothsideswithshortstrokes。Andwhilehedidthishekeptlookingaboutandwatchingwhatcameintohisview:atonemomenthepickedawildberryandateitorofferedittoLevin,thenheflungawayatwigwiththebladeofthescythe,thenhelookedataquail’snest,fromwhichthebirdflewjustunderthescythe,orcaughtasnakethatcrossedhispath,andliftingitonthescytheasthoughonaforkshowedittoLevinandthrewitaway。
  ForbothLevinandtheyoungpeasantbehindhim,suchchangesofpositionweredifficult。Bothofthem,repeatingoverandoveragainthesamestrainedmovement,wereinaperfectfrenzyoftoil,andwereincapableofshiftingtheirpositionandatthesametimewatchingwhatwasbeforethem。
  Levindidnotnoticehowtimewaspassing。Ifhehadbeenaskedhowlonghehadbeenworkinghewouldhavesaidhalfanhour-yetitwasgettingontodinnertime。Astheywerewalkingbackoverthecutgrass,theoldmancalledLevin’sattentiontothelittlegirlsandboyswhowerecomingfromdifferentdirections,hardlyvisiblethroughthelonggrass,andalongtheroadtowardthemowers,carryingsacksofbreadthatstretchedtheirlittlearms,andluggingsmallpitchersofkvass,stoppedupwithrags。
  `Look’eeatthelittledoodlebugscrawling!’hesaid,pointingtothem,andheshadedhiseyeswithhishandtolookatthesun。
  Theymowedtwomoreswaths;theoldmanstopped。
  `Come,master,dinnertime!’hesaiddecidedly。Andonreachingthestreamthemowersmovedoffacrosstheswathstowardtheirpileofcoats,wherethechildrenwhohadbroughttheirdinnersweresittingwaitingforthem。Thepeasantsgathered-thosewhocamefromafarundertheirtelegas,thosewholivednearunderawillowbush,coveredwithgrass。
  Levinsatdownbythem;hefeltdisinclinedtogoaway。
  Allconstraintwiththemasterhaddisappearedlongago。Thepeasantsgotreadyfordinner。Somewashed,theyoungladsbathedinthestream,othersmadeaplacecomfortableforarest,untiedtheirsacksofbread,anduncoveredthepitchersofkvass。Theoldmancrumbledupsomebreadinacup,stirreditwiththehandleofaspoon,pouredwateronitfromhiswhetstonecase,brokeupsomemorebread,andhavingseasoneditwithsalt,heturnedtotheeasttosayhisprayer。
  `Come,master,tastemysop,’saidhe,kneelingdownbeforethecup。
  ThesopwassogoodthatLevingaveuptheideaofgoinghomefordinner。Heatewiththeoldman,andtalkedtohimabouthisfamilyaffairs,takingthekeenestinterestinthem,andtoldhimabouthisownaffairsandallthecircumstancesthatcouldbeofinteresttotheoldman。Hefeltmuchnearertohimthantohisbrother,andcouldnothelpsmilingattheaffectionhefeltforthisman。Whentheoldmangotupagain,saidhisprayer,andlaydownunderabush,puttingsomegrassunderhisheadforapillow,Levindidthesame,and,inspiteoftheclingingfliesthatweresopersistentinthesunshine,andthemidgesthattickledhishotfaceandbody,hefellasleepatonceandonlywakedwhenthesunhadpassedtotheothersideofthebushandreachedhim。Theoldmanhadbeenawakealongwhile,andwassittingupwhettingthescythesoftheyoungerlads。
  Levinlookedabouthimandhardlyrecognizedtheplace,everythingwassochanged。Theimmensestretchofmeadowhadbeenmownandwassparklingwithapeculiarfreshbrilliance,withitslinesofalreadysweet-smellinggrassintheslantingraysoftheeveningsun。Andthebushesabouttheriver,mowedaround,andtheriveritself,notvisiblebefore,nowgleaming,likesteelinitsbends,andthemoving,ascendingpeasants,andthesharpwallofgrassoftheunmownpartofthemeadow,andthehawkshoveringoverthestrippedmeadow-allwasperfectlynew。Raisinghimself,Levinbeganconsideringhowmuchhadbeencutandhowmuchmorecouldstillbedonethatday。
  Theworkdonewasexceptionallygreatforforty-twomen。Theyhadcutthewholeofthebigmeadow,whichhad,intheyearsofcorvee,takenthirtyscythestwodaystomow。Onlythecornersremainedtodo,wheretheswathswereshort。ButLevinfeltalongingtogetasmuchmowingdonethatdayaspossible,andwasvexedwiththesunsinkingsoquicklyinthesky。Hefeltnoweariness;allhewantedwastogethisworkdonemoreandmorequickly,andasmuchofitaspossible。
  `CouldwecuttheMashkinUplandtoo?-whatdoyouthink?’hesaidtotheoldman。
  `AsGodwills-thesun’snothigh。Alittlevodkaforthelads?’
  Attheafternoonrest,whentheyweresittingdownagain,andthosewhosmokedhadlightedtheirpipes,theoldmantoldthementhat`theMashkinUpland’stobecut-there’llbevodka。’
  `Whynotcutit?Comeon,Tit!We’lllooksharp!Wecaneatatnight。Comeon!’voicescriedout,andeatinguptheirbread,themowerswentbacktowork。
  `Come,lads,keepitup!’saidTit,andranonaheadalmostatatrot。
  `Getalong,getalong!’saidtheoldman,hurryingafterhimandeasilyovertakinghim,`I’llmowtheedown,lookout!’
  Andyoungandoldmowedaway,asthoughtheywereracingwithoneanother。Buthoweverfasttheyworked,theydidnotspoilthegrass,andtheswathswerelaidjustasneatlyandexactly。Thelittlepieceleftuncutinthecornerwasmowninfiveminutes。Thelastofthemowerswerejustendingtheirswathswhiletheforemostsnatcheduptheircoatsontotheirshoulders,andcrossedtheroadtowardtheMashkinUpland。
  ThesunwasalreadysinkingamongthetreeswhentheywentwiththeirjinglingwhetstonecasesintothewoodedravineoftheMashkinUpland。Thegrasswasuptotheirwaistsinthemiddleofthehollow,lush,tender,andfeathery,spottedhereandthereamongthetreeswithwildheartsease。
  Afterabriefconsultation-whethertotaketheswathslengthwiseordiagonally-ProkhorIermilin,alsoadoughtymower,ahuge,black-hairedpeasant,wentonahead。Hewentuptothetop,turnedbackagainandstartedmowing,andtheyallproceededtoforminlinebehindhim,goingdownhillthroughthehollowanduphillrightuptotheedgeoftheforest。Thesunsankbehindtheforest。Thedewwasfallingbynow;themowerswereinthesunonlyonthehillside,butbelow,whereamistwasrising,andontheoppositeside,theymowedintothefresh,dewyshade。Theworkwentrapidly。
  Thespicilyfragrantgrasscutwithasucculentsound,wasatoncelaidinhighswaths。Themowersfromallsides,broughtclosertogetherintheshortswath,kepturgingoneanotherontothesoundofjinglingwhetstonecases,andclangingscythes,andthehissofthewhetstonessharpeningthem,andgood-humoredshouts。
  Levinstillkeptbetweentheyoungpeasantandtheoldman。Theoldman,whohadputonhisshortsheepskinjacket,wasjustasgood-humored,jocose,andfreeinhismovements。Amongthetreestheywerecontinuallycuttingwiththeirscythestheso-called`birchmushrooms,’swollenfatinthesucculentgrass。Buttheoldmanbentdowneverytimehecameacrossamushroom,pickeditupandputitinhisbosom。`Anotherpresentformyoldwoman,’hewouldsayashedidso。
  Easyasitwastomowthewet,lushgrass,itwashardworkgoingupanddownthesteepsidesoftheravine。Butthisdidnottroubletheoldman。Swinginghisscythejustasever,andmovinghisfeetintheirbig,plaitedbastsandals,withfirmshortsteps,heclimbedslowlyupthesteepplace,andthoughhisbreecheshangingoutbelowhissmock,andhiswholeframe,trembledwitheffort,hedidnotmissonebladeofgrassoronemushroomonhisway,andkeptmakingjokeswiththepeasantsandLevin。Levinwalkedafterhimandoftenthoughthemustfall,asheclimbedwithascytheupasteephillock,whereitwouldhavebeenhardworktoclamberevenwithoutthescythe。Butheclimbedupanddidwhathehadtodo。Hefeltasthoughsomeexternalforceweremovinghim。