ThecauseofthedecadenceofthePortuguesepowerinthisregionissimplythis：Informertimes，considerablequantitiesofgrain，aswheat，millet，andmaize，wereexported；alsocoffee，sugar，oil，andindigo，besidesgold-dustandivoryThecultivationofgrainwascarriedonbymeansofslaves，ofwhomthePortuguesepossessedalargenumberThegold-dustwasprocuredbywashingatvariouspointsonthenorth，south，andwestofTeteAmerchanttookallhisslaveswithhimtothewashings，carryingasmuchcalicoandothergoodsashecouldmusterOnarrivingatthewashing-place，hemadeapresenttothechiefofthevalueofaboutapoundsterling。
　　Theslaveswerethendividedintoparties，eachheadedbyaconfidentialservant，whonotonlyhadthesupervisionofhissquadwhilethewashingwenton，butboughtdustfromtheinhabitants，andmadeaweeklyreturntohismasterWhenseveralmastersunitedatonespot，itwascalleda“Bara“，andtheythenerectedatemporarychurch，inwhichapriestfromoneofthemissionsperformedmass。
　　Bothchiefsandpeoplewerefavorabletothesevisits，becausethetraderspurchasedgrainforthesustenanceoftheslaveswiththegoodstheyhadbroughtTheycontinuedatthislaboruntilthewholeofthegoodswereexpended，andbythismeansabout130lbsofgoldwereannuallyproducedProbablymorethanthiswasactuallyobtained，but，asitwasanarticleeasilysecreted，thisalonewassubmittedtotheauthoritiesfortaxation。
　　AtpresentthewholeamountofgoldobtainedannuallybythePortugueseisfrom8to10lbsonlyWhentheslave-tradebegan，itseemedtomanyofthemerchantsamorespeedymodeofbecomingrichtosellofftheslavesthantopursuetheslowmodeofgold-washingandagriculture，andtheycontinuedtoexportthemuntiltheyhadneitherhandstolabornortofightforthemItwasjustthestoryofthegooseandthegoldenegg。
　　Thecoffeeandsugarplantationsandgold-washingswereabandoned，becausethelaborhadbeenexportedtotheBrazilsManyofthePortuguesethenfollowedtheirslaves，andthegovernmentwasobligedtopassalawtopreventfurtheremigration，which，haditgoneon，wouldhavedepopulatedthePortuguesepossessionsaltogether。
　　AclevermanofAsiaticGoaandPortugueseextraction，calledNyaude，nowbuiltastockadeattheconfluenceoftheLuenyaandZambesi；
　　andwhenthecommandantofTetesentanofficerwithhiscompanytosummonhimtohispresence，Nyaudeaskedpermissionoftheofficertodresshimself，whichbeinggranted，hewentintoaninnerapartment，andtheofficerorderedhismentopiletheirarmsAdrumofwarbegantobeatanotewhichiswellknowntotheinhabitants。
　　Someofthesoldierstookthealarmonhearingthisnote，buttheofficer，disregardingtheirwarning，was，withhiswholeparty，inafewminutesdisarmedandboundhandandfootThecommandantofTetethenarmedthewholebodyofslavesandmarchedagainstthestockadeofNyaude，butwhentheycameneartoittherewastheLuenyastilltocross。
　　Astheydidnoteffectthisspeedily，NyaudedispatchedastrongpartyunderhissonBongaacrosstheriverbelowthestockade，anduptheleftbankoftheZambesiuntiltheycameneartoTete。
　　TheythenattackedTete，whichwaswhollyundefendedsavebyafewsoldiersinthefort，plunderedandburnedthewholetownexceptthehouseofthecommandantandafewothers，withthechurchandfort。
　　Thewomenandchildrenfledintothechurch；anditisaremarkablefactthatnoneofthenativesofthisregionwilleverattackachurch。
　　HavingrenderedTetearuin，BongacarriedoffallthecattleandplundertohisfatherNewsofthishavingbeenbroughttothearmybeforethestockade，asuddenpanicdispersedthewhole；
　　andasthefugitivestookroundaboutwaysintheirflight，Katolosa，whohadhithertopretendedtobefriendlywiththePortuguese，sentouthismentocaptureasmanyofthemastheycould。
　　TheykilledmanyforthesakeoftheirarmsThisistheaccountwhichbothnativesandPortuguesegiveoftheaffair。
　　Anotherhalf-castefromMacao，calledKisakaorChoutama，ontheoppositebankoftheriver，likewiserebelledHisfatherhavingdied，heimaginedthathehadbeenbewitchedbythePortuguese，andhethereforeplunderedandburnedalltheplantationsoftherichmerchantsofTeteonthenorthbankAsIhavebeforeremarked，thatbankisthemostfertile，andtherethePortuguesehadtheirvillasandplantationstowhichtheydailyretiredfromTeteWhentheseweredestroyedtheTetepeoplewerecompletelyimpoverishedAnattemptwasmadetopunishthisrebel，butitwasalsounsuccessful，andhehaslatelybeenpardonedbythehomegovernmentOnepointinthenarrativeofthisexpeditionisinterestingTheycametoafieldofsugar-canesolargethat4000meneatingitduringtwodaysdidnotfinishthewhole。
　　ThePortuguesewerethusplacedbetweentwoenemies，NyaudeontherightbankandKisakaontheleft，andnotonlyso，butNyaude，havingplacedhisstockadeonthepointoflandontherightbanksofboththeLuenyaandZambesi，andwashedbyboththeserivers，couldpreventintercoursewiththesea。
　　TheLuenyarushesintotheZambesiwithgreatforcewhenthelatterislow，and，incominguptheZambesi，boatsmustcrossitandtheLuenyaseparately，evengoingalittlewayupthatriver，soasnottobedrivenawaybyitscurrentinthebedoftheZambesi，anddashedontherockwhichstandsontheoppositeshoreIncominguptotheLuenyaforthispurpose，allboatsandcanoescameclosetothestockadetoberobbed。
　　NyaudekeptthePortugueseshutupintheirfortatTeteduringtwoyears，andtheycouldonlygetgoodssufficienttobuyfoodbysendingtoKilimanebyanoverlandroutealongthenorthbankoftheZambesi。
　　Themothercountrydidnotinthese“Caffrewars“paythebills，sonooneeitherbecamerichorblamedthemissionaries。
　　Themerchantswereunabletoengageintrade，andcommerce，whichtheslave-tradehadrenderedstagnant，wasnowcompletelyobstructed。
　　ThepresentcommandantofTete，MajorSicard，havinggreatinfluenceamongthenatives，fromhisgoodcharacter，putastoptothewarmorethanoncebyhismerepresenceonthespotWeheardofhimamongtheBanyaiasamanwithwhomtheywouldneverfight，because“hehadagoodheart。”HadIcomedowntothiscoastinsteadofgoingtoLoandain1853，Ishouldhavecomeamongthebelligerentswhilethewarwasstillraging，andshouldprobablyhavebeencutoff。
　　Mypresentapproachwasjustattheconclusionofthepeace；
　　andwhenthePortugueseauthoritiesherewereinformed，throughthekindofficesofLordClarendonandCountdeLavradio，thatIwasexpectedtocomethisway，theyalldeclaredthatsuchwastheexistingstateofaffairsthatnoEuropeancouldpossiblypassthroughthetribesSomenativesatlastcamedowntherivertoTeteandsaid，alludingtothesextantandartificialhorizon，that“theSonofGodhadcome。”
　　andthathewas“abletotakethesundownfromtheheavensandplaceitunderhisarm！”MajorSicardthenfeltsurethatthiswasthemanmentionedinLordClarendon’sdispatch。
　　OnmentioningtothecommandantthatIhaddiscoveredasmallseamofcoal，hestatedthatthePortuguesewerealreadyawareofninesuchseams，andthatfiveofthemwereontheoppositebankoftheriver。
　　AssoonasIhadrecoveredfrommyfatigueIwenttoexaminethem。
　　WeproceededinaboattothemouthoftheLofubuorRevubu，whichisabouttwomilesbelowTete，andontheoppositeornorthernbank。
　　Ascendingthisaboutfourmilesagainstastrongcurrentofbeautifullyclearwater，welandednearasmallcataract，andwalkedabouttwomilesthroughveryfertilegardenstotheseam，whichwefoundtobeinoneofthefeedersoftheLofubu，calledMuatizeorMotizeTheseamisintheperpendicularbank，anddipsintotherivulet，orinanortherlydirection。
　　Thereis，firstofall，aseam10inchesindiameter，thensomeshale，belowwhichthereisanotherseam，58inchesofwhichareseen，and，asthebottomtouchesthewateroftheMuatize，itmaybemore。
　　Thispartoftheseamisabout30yardslongThereisthenafault。
　　About100yardshigherupthestreamblackvesiculartrapisseen，penetratinginthinveinstheclayshaleofthecountry，convertingitintoporcellanite，andpartiallycrystallizingthecoalwithwhichitcameintocontactOntherightbankoftheLofubuthereisanotherfeederenteringthatrivernearitsconfluencewiththeMuatize，whichiscalledtheMorongozi，inwhichthereisanotherandstilllargerbedofcoalexposed。
　　FartheruptheLofubuthereareotherseamsintherivuletsInyavuandMakare；
　　alsoseveralspotsintheMaravicountryhavethecoalcroppingout。
　　Thishasevidentlybeenbroughttothesurfacebyvolcanicactionatalaterperiodthanthecoalformation。
　　IalsowentuptheZambesi，andvisitedahotspringcalledNyamboronda，situatedinthebedofasmallrivuletnamedNyaondo，whichshowsthatigneousactionisnotyetextinctWelandedatasmallrivuletcalledMokorozi，thenwentamileortwototheeastward，wherewefoundahotfountainatthebottomofahighhill。
　　AlittlespringbubblesupononesideoftherivuletNyaondo，andagreatquantityofacridsteamrisesupfromthegroundadjacent，about12feetsquareofwhichissohotthatmycompanionscouldnotstandonitwiththeirbarefeetThereareseverallittleholesfromwhichthewatertrickles，buttheprincipalspringisinaholeafootindiameter，andaboutthesameindepthNumbersofbubblesareconstantlyrising。
　　Thesteamfeelsacridinthethroat，butisnotinflammable，asitdidnotburnwhenIheldabunchoflightedgrassoverthebubbles。
　　Themercuryrisesto158Degwhenthethermometerisputintothewaterinthehole，butafterafewsecondsitstandssteadilyat160Deg。
　　Evenwhenflowingoverthestonesthewateristoohotforthehand。
　　Littlefishfrequentlyleapoutofthestreaminthebedofwhichthefountainrises，intothehotwater，andgetscaldedtodeath。
　　Wesawafrogwhichhadperformedtheexperiment，andwasnowcooked。
　　Thestonesoverwhichthewaterflowsareincrustedwithawhitesalt，andthewaterhasasalinetasteThegroundhasbeendugoutnearthefountainbythenatives，inordertoextractthesaltitcontains。
　　Itissituatedamongrocksofsyeniticporphyryinbroaddikes，andgneisstiltedonedge，andhavingastriketotheN。E。
　　Therearemanyspecimensofhalf-formedpumice，withgreenstoneandlava。
　　Someofthesandstonestrataaredislocatedbyahornblenderockandbybasalt，thesandstonenearesttothebasaltbeingconvertedintoquartz。
　　Thecountryaround，asindeedallthedistrictlyingNandN。WofTete，ishilly，and，thehillsbeingcoveredwithtrees，thesceneryisverypicturesqueThesoilofthevalleysisveryfruitfulandwellcultivatedTherewouldnotbemuchdifficultyinworkingthecoal。
　　TheLofubuisabout60yardsbroad；itflowsperennially，andatitsverylowestperiod，whichisafterSeptember，thereiswaterabout18inchesdeep，whichcouldbenavigatedinflat-bottomedboatsAtthetimeofmyvisititwasfull，andthecurrentwasverystrongIfthesmallcataractreferredtoweretobeavoided，theland-carriagebeyondwouldonlybeabouttwomiles。
　　Theotherseamsfartheruptherivermay，afterpassingthecataract，beapproachedmoreeasilythanthatintheMuatize；astheseam，however，dipsdownintothestream，nodrainageoftheminewouldberequired，forifwaterwerecometoitwouldrunintothestream。
　　Ididnotvisittheothers，butIwasinformedthatthereareseamsintheindependentnativeterritoryaswellasinthatofthePortuguese。
　　ThatintheNakeisintheBanyaicountry，and，indeed，IhavenodoubtbutthatthewholecountrybetweenZumboandLupataisacoal-fieldofatleast2-1/2Degoflatitudeinbreadth，havingmanyfaults，madeduringthetimeoftheigneousaction。
　　ThegraysandstonerockhavingsilicifiedtreeslyingonitisofthesedimensionsTheplantationinwhichtheseamofcoalexistswouldbevaluedamongthePortugueseatabout60dollarsor12Pounds，butmuchmorewouldprobablybeaskedifawealthypurchaserappeared。
　　Theycouldnot，however，raisethepriceverymuchhigher，becauseestatescontainingcoalmightbehadfromthenativeownersatamuchcheaperrateThewagesoffreelaborers，whenemployedinsuchworkasgold-washing，agriculture，ordiggingcoal，is2yardsofunbleachedcalicoperdayTheymightbegottoworkcheaperifengagedbythemoon，orforabout16yardspermonth。
　　Formasonsandcarpenterseven，theordinaryrateis2yardsperday。
　　Thisiscalled1bracaTradesmenfromKilimanedemand4bracas，or8yards，perdayEnglishorAmericanunbleachedcalicoistheonlycurrencyusedThecarriageofgoodsuptherivertoTeteaddsabout10percenttotheircostTheusualconveyanceisbymeansofverylargecanoesandlaunchesbuiltatSenna。
　　Theamountofmerchandisebroughtupduringthefivemonthsofpeaceprevioustomyvisitwasofthevalueof30，000dollars，orabout6000Pounds。
　　Theannualsupplyofgoodsfortradeisabout15，000Pounds，beingcalico，thickbrasswire，beads，gunpowder，andguns。
　　Thequantityofthelatteris，however，small，asthegovernmentofMozambiquemadethatarticlecontrabandafterthecommencementofthewar。
　　Goods，whentradedwithinthetribesaroundthePortuguese，produceaprofitofonlyabout10percent。，thearticlestradedinbeingivoryandgold-dustAlittleoilandwheatareexported，butnothingelse。
　　Tradewiththetribesbeyondtheexclusiveonesismuchbetter。
　　Thirtybrassringscost10satSenna，1PoundatTete，and2PoundsbeyondthetribesinthevicinityofTete；theseareagoodpriceforapenfulofgold-dustofthevalueof2PoundsTheplantationsofcoffee，which，previoustothecommencementoftheslave-trade，yieldedonematerialforexportation，arenowdeserted，anditisdifficulttofindasingletree。
　　Theindigo`Indigoferaargentea’，thecommonwildindigoofAfrica
　　isfoundgrowingeverywhere，andlargequantitiesofthesenna-plant*
　　growinthevillageofTeteandotherparts，butneitherindigonorsennaiscollectedCalumba-root，whichisfoundinabundanceinsomepartsfartherdowntheriver，isboughtbytheAmericans，itissaid，touseasadye-stuffAkindofsarsaparilla，oraplantwhichisbelievedbythePortuguesetobesuch，isfoundfromLondatoSenna，buthasneverbeenexported。
　　*Theseappeartobelongto`Cassiaacutifolia’，ortruesennaofcommerce，foundinvariouspartsofAfricaandIndiaDrHooker。