ThesedetailsaregivenbecausethegeneralrulehasbeenobservedthattwicethecircumferenceoftheimpressionmadebytheforefootonthegroundistheheightoftheanimalTheprintontheground，beingalittlelargerthanthefootitself，wouldthusseemtobeanaccuratemodeofmeasuringthesizeofanyelephantthathaspassed；
　　buttheabovemeasurementsshowthatitisapplicableonlytofull-grownanimalsThegreatersizeoftheAfricanelephantinthesouthwouldatoncedistinguishitfromtheIndianone；butheretheyapproachmorenearlytoeachotherinbulk，afemalebeingaboutaslargeasacommonIndianmaleButtheearoftheAfricanisanexternalmarkwhichnoonewillmistakeeveninapictureThatofthefemalenowkilledwas4feet5inchesindepth，and4feetinhorizontalbreadth。
　　Ihaveseenanativecreepunderonesoastobequitecoveredfromtherain。
　　TheearoftheIndianvarietyisnotmorethanathirdofthissize。
　　Therepresentationofelephantsonancientcoinsshowsthatthisimportantcharacteristicwasdistinctlyrecognizedofold。
　　Indeed，CuvierremarkedthatitwasbetterknownbyAristotlethanbyBuffon。
　　HavingbeenanxioustolearnwhethertheAfricanelephantiscapableofbeingtamed，throughthekindnessofmyfriendAdmiralSmytheIamenabledtogivethereaderconclusiveevidenceonthispoint。
　　Inthetwomedalsfurnishedfromhiswork，“AdescriptiveCatalogueofhisCabinetofRomanandImperiallargebrassMedals“，thesizeoftheearswillbeatoncenotedasthoseofthetrueAfricanelephant。*
　　TheywereevenmoredocilethantheAsiatic，andweretaughtvariousfeats，aswalkingonropes，dancing，etcOneofthecoinsisofFaustinasenior，theotherofSeverustheSeventh，andstruckA。D197TheseelephantswerebroughtfromAfricatoRomeTheattempttotamethismostusefulanimalhasneverbeenmadeattheCape，norhasoneeverbeenexhibitedinEngland。
　　ThereisonlyoneveryyoungcalfofthespeciesintheBritishMuseum。
　　*UnfortunatelytheseillustrationscannotbepresentedinthisASCIItext。
　　AL。，1997。
　　Theabundanceoffoodinthiscountry，ascomparedwiththesouth，wouldleadonetosupposethatanimalsheremustattainamuchgreatersize；
　　butactualmeasurementnowconfirmstheimpressionmadeonmymindbythemeresightoftheanimals，thatthoseinthedistrictsnorthof20Deg。
　　weresmallerthanthesameracesexistingsouthwardofthatlatitude。
　　ThefirsttimethatMrOswellandmyselfsawfull-grownmaleelephantsontheRiverZouga，theyseemednolargerthanthefemaleswhicharealwayssmallerthanmaleswehadmetontheLimpopoTheretheyattainaheightofupwardof12feetAttheZougatheheightofoneImeasuredwas11feet4inches，andinthisdistrict9feet10inchesThereis，however，anincreaseinthesizeofthetusksasweapproachtheequator。
　　Unfortunately，Inevermademeasurementsofotheranimalsinthesouth；
　　buttheappearanceoftheanimalsthemselvesinthenorthatonceproducedtheimpressiononmymindreferredtoastotheirdecreaseinsize。
　　Whenwefirstsawkoodoos，theyweresomuchsmallerthanthosewehadbeenaccustomedtointhesouththatwedoubtedwhethertheywerenotanewkindofantelope；andtheleche，seennowheresouthof20Deg。，issucceededbythepokuaswegonorthThisis，infact，onlyasmallerspeciesofthatantelope，withamorereddishcolor。
　　Agreatdifferenceinsizeprevailsalsoamongdomesticanimals；
　　buttheinfluenceoflocalityonthemisnotsowellmarked。
　　ThecattleoftheBatoka，forinstance，areexceedinglysmallandverybeautiful，possessinggenerallygreatbreadthbetweentheeyesandaveryplayfuldispositionTheyaremuchsmallerthantheaboriginalcattleinthesouth；butitmustbeaddedthatthoseoftheBarotsevalley，inthesamelatitudesastheBatoka，arelargeThebreedmayhavecomefromthewest，asthecattlewithintheinfluenceoftheseaair，asatLittleFishBay，Benguela，Ambriz，andalongthatcoast，areverylargeThosefoundatLakeNgami，withlargehornsandstandingsixfeethigh，probablycomefromthesamequarterThegoatsarealsosmall，anddomesticfowlsthroughoutthiscountryareofaverysmallsize，andevendogs，exceptwheretheinhabitantshavehadanopportunityofimprovingthebreedbyimportationfromthePortugueseAstheBarotsecattleareanexceptiontothisgeneralrule，soaretheBarotsedogs，fortheyarelarge，savage-lookinganimals，thoughinrealityverycowardly。
　　Itisalittleremarkablethatadecreaseinsizeshouldoccurwherefoodisthemostabundant；buttropicalclimatesseemunfavorableforthefulldevelopmentofeitheranimalsormanItisnotfromwantofcareinthebreeding，forthenativesalwayschoosethelargerandstrongermalesforstock，andthesamearrangementprevailsinnature，foritisonlybyovercomingtheirweakerrivalsthatthewildmalesobtainpossessionoftheherdInvariablytheyshowthescarsreceivedinbattleTheelephantwekilledyesterdayhadanumbilicalherniaaslargeasachild’shead，probablycausedbythechargeofarival。
　　Thecowshowedscarsreceivedfrommen；twoofthewoundsinhersidewerestillunhealed，andtherewasanorificesixincheslong，andopen，inherproboscis，and，asitwasaboutafootfromthepoint，itmusthaveinterferedwithherpowerofliftingwater。
　　Inestimatingtheamountoffoodnecessaryfortheseandotherlargeanimals，sufficientattentionhasnotbeenpaidtothekindschosenTheelephant，forinstance，isamostdaintyfeeder，andparticularlyfondofcertainsweet-tastedtreesandfruitsHechoosesthemohonono，themimosa，andothertreeswhichcontainmuchsaccharinematter，mucilage，andgum。
　　Hemaybeseenputtinghisheadtoaloftypalmyra，andswayingittoandfrotoshakeofftheseeds；hethenpicksthemupsinglyandeatsthem。
　　Orhemaybeseenstandingbythemasukaandotherfruit-treespatientlypickingoffthesweetfruitsonebyoneHealsodigsupbulbsandtubers，butnoneofthesearethoroughlydigested。
　　Bruceremarkedupontheundigestedbitsofwoodseenintheirdroppings，andhemusthaveobserved，too，thatneitherleavesnorseedsarechangedbypassingthroughthealimentarycanalThewoodyfibreofrootsandbranchesisdroppedinthestateoftow，thenutritiousmatteralonehavingbeenextractedThiscapabilityofremovingallthenourishment，andtheselectionofthosekindsoffoodwhichcontaingreatquantitiesofmucilageandgum，accountsforthefactthatherdsofelephantsproducebutsmalleffectuponthevegetationofacountry
　　qualitybeingmorerequisitethanquantityTheamountofinternalfatfoundinthemmakesthemmuchprizedbytheinhabitants，whoareallveryfondofit，bothforfoodandointment。
　　Afterleavingtheelephantvalleywepassedthroughaverybeautifulcountry，butthinlyinhabitedbymanTheunderlyingrockistrap，anddikesoftalcosegneissThetrapisoftenseentiltedonitsedge，ordippingalittleeithertothenorthorsouthThestrikeisgenerallytothenortheast，thedirectionwearegoingAboutLositowefoundthetraphadgivenplacetohornblendeschist，micaschist，andvariousschorlyrocksWehadnowcomeintotheregioninwhichtheappearanceoftherocksconveystheimpressionofagreatforcehavingactedalongthebedoftheZambesiIndeed，Iwasledtothebelieffromseeingthemannerinwhichtherockshavebeenthrustawayonbothsidesfromitsbed，thatthepowerwhichformedthecrackofthefallshadgivendirectiontotheriverbelow，andopenedabedforitallthewayfromthefallstobeyondthegorgeofLupata。
　　PassingtherivuletLosito，andthroughtherangesofhills，wereachedtheresidenceofSemalembueonthe18thHisvillageissituatedatthebottomofrangesthroughwhichtheKafuefindsapassage，andclosetothebankofthatriverTheKafue，sometimescalledKahowheorBashukulompoRiver，isupwardoftwohundredyardswidehere，andfullofhippopotami，theyoungofwhichmaybeseenperchedonthenecksoftheirdamsAtthispointwehadreachedaboutthesamelevelasLinyanti。
　　Semalembuepaidusavisitsoonafterourarrival，andsaidthathehadoftenheardofme，andnowthathehadthepleasureofseeingme，hefearedthatIshouldsleepthefirstnightathisvillagehungry。
　　Thiswasconsideredthehandsomewayofintroducingapresent，forhethenhandedfiveorsixbasketsofmealandmaize，andanenormousoneofground-nutsNextmorninghegavemeabouttwentybasketsmoreofmealIcouldmakebutapoorreturnforhiskindness，butheacceptedmyapologiespolitely，sayingthatheknewtherewerenogoodsinthecountryfromwhichIhadcome，and，inprofessinggreatjoyatthewordsofpeaceIspoke，hesaid，“NowIshallcultivatelargely，inthehopeofeatingandsleepinginpeace。”
　　ItisnoticeablethatallwhomwehaveyetmeteagerlycaughtuptheideaoflivinginpeaceastheprobableeffectoftheGospel。
　　TheyrequirenoexplanationoftheexistenceoftheDeity。
　　Sekwebumakesuseoftheterm“Reza“，andtheyappeartounderstandatonce。
　　Likenegroesingeneral，theyhaveastrongtendencytoworship，andIheardthatSemalembuegetsagooddealofivoryfromthesurroundingtribesonpretenseofhavingsomesupernaturalpowerHetransmitsthistosomeotherchiefsontheZambesi，andreceivesinreturnEnglishcottongoodswhichcomefromMozambiquebyBabisatraders。
　　Mymenherebegantoselltheirbeadsandotherornamentsforcottoncloth。
　　Semalembuewasaccompaniedbyaboutfortypeople，alllargemen。
　　Theyhavemuchwoolontheirheads，whichissometimesdrawnalltogetheruptothecrown，andtiedthereinalargetaperingbunch。
　　Theforeheadandroundbytheearsisshavenclosetothebaseofthistuft。
　　Othersdrawoutthehairononeside，andtwistitintolittlestrings。
　　Therestistakenover，andhangsabovetheear，whichgivestheappearanceofhavingacapcockedjauntilyonthesideofthehead。
　　ThemodeofsalutationisbyclappingthehandsVariouspartiesofwomencamefromthesurroundingvillagestoseethewhiteman，butallseemedverymuchafraidTheirfear，whichIseldomcouldallay，madethem，whenaddressed，claptheirhandswithincreasingvigor。
　　SekwebuwastheonlyoneoftheMakololowhoknewthispartofthecountry；
　　andthiswastheregionwhichtohismindwasbestadaptedfortheresidenceofatribeThenativesgenerallyhaveagoodideaofthenatureofthesoilandpasturage，andSekwebuexpatiatedwithgreateloquenceonthecapabilitiesofthispartforsupplyingthewantsoftheMakololoThereiscertainlyabundanceofroomatpresentinthecountryforthousandsandthousandsmoreofpopulation。
　　WepassedneartheLosito，aformerencampmentoftheMatebele，withwhomSekwebuhadlivedAtthesightofthebonesoftheoxentheyhaddevoured，andthespotwheresavagedanceshadtakenplace，thoughalldesertednow，thepoorfellowburstoutintoawildMatebelesong。
　　Hepointedoutalsoadistrict，abouttwodaysandahalfwestofSemalembue，whereSebituanehadformerlydweltThereisahotfountainonthehillstherenamed“Nakalombo“，whichmaybeseenatadistanceemittingsteam“There。”saidSekwebu，“hadyourMolekaneSebituane
　　beenalive，hewouldhavebroughtyoutolivewithhimYouwouldbeonthebankoftheriver，and，bytakingcanoes，youwouldatoncesaildowntotheZambesi，andvisitthewhitepeopleatthesea。”
　　ThispartisafavoriteonewiththeMakololo，andprobablyitwouldbeagoodoneinwhichtoformacentreofcivilizationThereisalarge，flatdistrictofcountrytothenorth，saidtobepeopledbytheBashukulompoandothertribes，whocultivatethegroundtoagreatextent，andraisevastquantitiesofgrain，ground-nuts，sweetpotatoes，etc。
　　Theyalsogrowsugar-caneIftheywerecertainofamarket，Ibelievetheywouldnotbeunwillingtocultivatecottontoo，buttheyhavenotbeenaccustomedtothepeacefulpursuitsofcommerce。
　　Allarefondoftrade，buttheyhavebeentaughtnonesavethatinivoryandslaves。
　　TheKafueentersanarrowgorgeclosebythevillageofSemalembue；
　　asthehillonthenorthiscalledBolengwe，Iapplythatnametothegorgelat15d48’19“S。，long28d22’E。Semalembuesaidthatheoughttoseeusovertheriver，soheaccompaniedustoapassaboutamilesouthofhisvillage，andwhenweenteredamongthehillswefoundthefordoftheKafueOnpartingwithSemalembueIputonhimashirt，andhewentawaywithitapparentlymuchdelighted。
　　Thefordwasatleast250yardsbroad，butrockyandshallow。
　　Aftercrossingitinacanoe，wewentalongtheleftbank，andwerecompletelyshutinbyhighhillsEveryavailablespotbetweentheriverandthehillsisundercultivation；