DivisionsearlyshowedthemselvesintheChevalier’slittlearmy，notonlyamongsttheindependentchieftains，whowerefartooproudtobrooksubjectiontoeachother，butbetwixttheScotchandCharles’sgovernorO’Sullivan，anIrishmanbybirth，who，withsomeofhiscountrymenbredintheIrishBrigadeintheserviceoftheKingofFrance，hadaninfluencewiththeAdventurer，muchresentedbytheHighlanders，whoweresensiblethattheirownclansmadethechieforrathertheonlystrengthofhisenterprise。
　　Therewasafeud，also，betweenLordGeorgeMurrayandJamesMurrayofBroughton，thePrince’ssecretary，whosedisuniongreatlyembarrassedtheaffairsoftheAdventurer。Ingeneral，athousanddifferentpretensionsdividedtheirlittlearmy，andfinallycontributedinnosmalldegreetoitsoverthrow。
　　NoteT，p。-Field-pieceintheHighlandArmy。
　　Thiscircumstance，whichishistorical，aswellasthedescriptionthatprecedesit，willremindthereaderofthewarofLaVende，inwhichtheroyalists，consistingchieflyofinsurgentpeasantry，attachedaprodigiousandevensuperstitiousinteresttothepossessionofapieceofbrassordnance，whichtheycalledMariaJeanne。
　　TheHighlandersofanearlyperiodwereafraidofcannon，withthenoiseandeffectofwhichtheyweretotallyunacquainted。ItwasbymeansofthreeorfoursmallpiecesofartillerythattheEarlsofHuntlyandErrol，inJamesVI。’stime，gainedagreatvictoryatGlenlivat，overanumerousHighlandarmycommandedbytheEarlofArgyle。AtthebattleoftheBridgeofDee，GeneralMiddletonobtainedbyhisartilleryasimilarsuccess，theHighlandersnotbeingabletostandthedischargeof_Musket’s-Mother，_
　　whichwasthenametheybestowedongreatguns。IninoldballadonthebattleoftheBridgeofDee，theseversesoccur：-
　　TheHighlandmenareprettymenForhandlingswordandshield，ButyettheyarebutsimplemenTostandastrickenfield。
　　TheHighlandmenareprettymenFortargetandclaymore，Butyettheyarebutnakedmen，Tofacethecannon’sroar。
　　Forthecannonsroaronasummernight，Likethunderintheair；
　　WasnevermaninHighlandgarbWouldfacethecannonfair。
　　ButtheHighlandersof1745hadgotfarbeyondthesimplicityoftheirforefathers，andshowedthroughoutthewholewarhowlittletheydreadedartillery，althoughthecommonpeoplestillattachedsomeconsequencetothepossessionofthefield-piecewhichledtothisdisquisition。
　　NoteU，p。-AndersonofWhitburgh。
　　ThefaithfulfriendwhopointedoutthepassbywhichtheHighlandersmovedfromTranenttoSeaton，wasRobertAndersonjunior，ofWhitburgh，agentlemanofpropertyinEastLothian。HehadbeeninterrogatedbytheLordGeorgeMurrayconcerningthepossibilityofcrossingtheuncouthandmarshypieceofgroundwhichdividedthearmies，andwhichhedescribedasimpracticable。Whendismissed，herecollectedthattherewasacircuitouspathleadingeastwardthroughthemarshintotheplain，bywhichtheHighlandersmightturntheflankofSirJohnCope’sposition，withoutbeingexposedtotheenemy’sfire。HavingmentionedhisopiniontoMr。HepburnofKeith，whoinstantlysawitsimportance，hewasencouragedbythatgentlemantoawakeLordGeorgeMurray，andcommunicatetheideatohim。LordGeorgereceivedtheinformationwithgratefulthanks，andinstantlyawakenedPrinceCharles，whowassleepinginthefieldwithabunchofpeasunderhishead。TheAdventurerreceivedwithalacritythenewsthattherewasapossibilityofbringinganexcellentlyprovidedarmytoadecisivebattlewithhisownirregularforces。
　　HisjoyontheoccasionwasnotveryconsistentwiththechargeofcowardicebroughtagainsthimbyChevalierJohnstone，adiscontentedfollower，whoseMemoirspossessatleastasmuchofaromanticasahistoricalcharacter。
　　EvenbytheaccountoftheChevalierhimself，thePrincewasattheheadofthesecondlineoftheHighlandarmyduringthebattle，ofwhichhesays，Itwasgainedwithsuchrapidity，thatinthesecondline，whereIwasstillbythesideofthePrince，wesawnootherenemythanthosewhowerelyingonthegroundkilledandwounded，_thoughwewerenotmorethanfiftypacesbehindourfirstline，runningalwaysasfastaswecouldtoovertakethem。_’’
　　ThispassageintheChevalier’sMemoirsplacesthePrincewithinfiftypacesoftheheatofthebattle，apositionwhichwouldneverhavebeenthechoiceofoneunwillingtotakeashareofitsdangers。Indeed，unlessthechiefshadcompliedwiththeyoungAdventurer’sproposaltoleadthevaninperson，itdoesnotappearthathecouldhavebeendeeperintheaction。
　　NoteV，p。-DeathofColonelGardiner。
　　ThedeathofthisgoodChristianandgallantmanisthusgivenbyhisaffectionatebiographerDr。Doddridge，fromtheevidenceofeye-witnesses：-
　　Hecontinuedallnightunderarms，wrappedupinhiscloak，andgenerallyshelteredunderarickofbarley，whichhappenedtobeinthefield。Aboutthreeinthemorninghecalledhisdomesticservantstohim，ofwhichtherewerefourinwaiting。HedismissedthreeofthemwithmostaffectionateChristianadvice，andsuchsolemnchargesrelatingtotheperformanceoftheirduty，andthecareoftheirsouls，asseemedplainlytointimatethatheapprehendeditwasatleastveryprobablehewastakinghislastfarewellofthem。Thereisgreatreasontobelievethathespentthelittleremainderofthetime，whichcouldnotbemuchaboveanhour，inthosedevoutexercisesofsoulwhichhadbeensolonghabitualtohim，andtowhichsomanycircumstancesdidthenconcurtocallhim。Thearmywasalarmedbybreakofday，bythenoiseoftherebels’approach，andtheattackwasmadebeforesunrise，yetwhenitwaslightenoughtodiscernwhatpassed。Assoonastheenemycamewithingun-shottheymadeafuriousfire；anditissaidthatthedragoonswhichconstitutedtheleftwingimmediatelyfled。TheColonelatthebeginningoftheonset，whichinthewholelastedbutafewminutes，receivedawoundbyabulletinhisleftbreast，whichmadehimgiveasuddenspringinhissaddle；
　　uponwhichhisservant，wholedthehorse，wouldhavepersuadedhimtoretreat，buthesaiditwasonlyawoundintheflesh，andfoughton，thoughhepresentlyafterreceivedashotinhisrightthigh。Inthemeantime，itwasdiscernedthatsomeoftheenemyfellbyhim，andparticularlyoneman，whohadmadehimatreacherousvisitbutafewdaysbefore，withgreatprofessionofzealforthepresentestablishment。
　　Eventsofthiskindpassinlesstimethanthedescriptionofthemcanbewritten，orthanitcanberead。TheColonelwasforafewmomentssupportedbyhismen，andparticularlybythatworthypersonLieutenant-ColonelWhitney，whowasshotthroughthearmhere，andafewmonthsafterfellnoblyatthebattleofFalkirk，andbyLieutenantWest，amanofdistinguishedbravery，asalsobyaboutfifteendragoons，whostoodbyhimtothelast。Butafterafaintfire，theregimentingeneralwasseizedwithapanic；andthoughtheirColonelandsomeothergallantofficersdidwhattheycouldtorallythemonceortwice，theyatlasttookaprecipitateflight。AndjustinthemomentwhenColonelGardinerseemedtobemakingapausetodeliberatewhatdutyrequiredhimtodoinsuchcircumstances，anaccidenthappened，whichmust，Ithink，inthejudgmentofeveryworthyandgenerousman，beallowedasufficientapologyforexposinghislifetosogreathazard，whenhisregimenthadlefthim。Hesawapartyofthefoot，whowerethenbravelyfightingnearhim，andwhomhewasorderedtosupport，hadnoofficertoheadthem；uponwhichhesaideagerly，inthehearingofthepersonfromwhomIhadthisaccount，`Thesebravefellowswillbecuttopiecesforwantofacommander，’orwordstothateffect；whichwhilehewasspeaking，herodeuptothemandcriedout，`Fireon，mylads，andfearnothing。’Butjustasthewordswereoutofhismouth，aHighlanderadvancedtowardshimwithascythefastenedtoalongpole，withwhichhegavehimsodreadfulawoundonhisrightarm，thathissworddroppedoutofhishand；andatthesametimeseveralotherscomingabouthimwhilehewasthusdreadfullyentangledwiththatcruelweapon，hewasdraggedofffromhishorse。Themomenthefell，anotherHighlander，who，iftheking’sevidenceatCarlislemaybecreditedasIknownotwhytheyshouldnot，thoughtheunhappycreaturedieddenyingit，wasoneMac-Naught，whowasexecutedaboutayearafter，gavehimastrokeeitherwithabroadswordoraLochaber-axeformyinformantcouldnotexactlydistinguishonthehinderpartofhishead，whichwasthemortalblow。Allthathisfaithfulattendantsawfurtheratthistimewas，thatashishatwasfallingoff，hetookitinhislefthandandwaveditasasignaltohimtoretreat，andaddedwhatwerethelostwordsheeverheardhimspeak，`Takecareofyourself；’uponwhichtheservantretired。’’
　　_SomeremarkablePassagesintheLifeofColonelJamesGardiner，byP。
　　Doddridge，D。D。_London，1747，p。187。
　　Imayremarkonthisextract，thatitconfirmstheaccountgiveninthetextoftheresistanceofferedbysomeoftheEnglishinfantry。Surprisedbyaforceofapeculiarandunusualdescription，theiroppositioncouldnotbelongorformidable，especiallyastheyweredesertedbythecavalry，andthosewhoundertooktomanagetheartillery。Butalthoughtheaffairwassoondecided，Ihavealwaysunderstoodthatmanyoftheinfantryshowedaninclinationtodotheirduty。
　　NoteW，p。-TheLairdofBalmawhapple。
　　ItisscarcelynecessarytosaythatthecharacterofthisbrutalyoungLairdisentirelyimaginary。Agentleman，however，whoresembledBalmawhappleinthearticleofcourageonly，fellatPrestoninthemannerdescribed。APerthshiregentlemanofhighhonourandrespectability，oneofthehandfulofcavalrywhofollowedthefortunesofCharlesEdward，pursuedthefugitivedragoonsalmostalonetillnearSaintClement’sWells，wheretheeffortsofsomeoftheofficershadprevailedonafewofthemtomakeamomentarystand。Perceivingatthismomentthattheywerepursuedbyonlyonemanandacoupleofservants，theyturneduponhimandcuthimdownwiththeirswords。Iremember，whenachild，sittingonhisgrave，wherethegrasslonggrewrankandgreen，distinguishingitfromtherestofthefield。AfemaleofthefamilythenresidingatSaintClement’sWellsusedtotellmethetragedyofwhichshehadbeenaneye-witness，andshowedmeinevidenceoneofthesilverclaspsoftheunfortunategentleman’swaistcoat。
　　NoteX，p。-AndreadiFerrara。
　　ThenameofAndreadiFerraraisinscribedonalltheScottishbroad-swordswhichareaccountedofpeculiarexcellence。Whothisartistwas，whatwerehisfortunes，andwhenheflourished，havehithertodefiedtheresearchofantiquaries；onlyitisingeneralbelievedthatAndreadiFerrarawasaSpanishorItalianartificer，broughtoverbyJamesIV。orV。toinstructtheScotsinthemanufactureofswordblades。Mostbarbarousnationsexcelinthefabricationofarms；andtheScotshadattainedgreatproficiencyinforgingswords，soearlyasthefieldofPinkie；atwhichperiodthehistorianPattendescribesthemasallnotablybroadandthin，universallymadetoslice，andofsuchexceedinggoodtemper，thatasIneversawanysogood，soIthinkithardtodevisebetter-
　　_AccountofSomerset’sExpedition。_
　　Itmaybeobserved，thatthebestandmostgenuineAndreaFerrarashaveacrownmarkedontheblades。
　　TheincidentheresaidtohavehappenedtoFloraMac-Ivor，actuallybefellMissNairne，aladywithwhomtheauthorhadthepleasureofbeingacquainted。AstheHighlandarmyrushedintoEdinburgh，MissNairne，likeotherladieswhoapprovedoftheircause，stoodwavingherhandkerchieffromabalcony，whenaballfromaHighlander’smusket，whichwasdischargedbyaccident，grazedherforehead。ThankGod，’’saidshe，theinstantsherecovered，thattheaccidenthappenedtome，whoseprinciplesareknown。HaditbefallenaWhigtheywouldhavesaiditwasdoneonpurpose。’’
　　NoteZ，p。-PrinceCharlesEdward。
　　TheAuthorofWaverleyhasbeenchargedwithpaintingtheyoungAdventurerincoloursmoreamiablethanhischaracterdeserved。Buthavingknownmanyindividualswhowerenearhisperson，hehasbeendescribedaccordingtothelightinwhichthoseeyewitnessessawhistemperandqualifications。Somethingmustbeallowed，nodoubt，tothenaturalexaggerationsofthosewhorememberedhimastheboldandadventurousPrince，inwhosecausetheyhadbraveddeathandruin；butistheirevidencetogiveplaceentirelytothatofasinglemalcontent？