Infact，ashehadgoodsense，andashehadcomparedthetwo，TheodulehadonlyservedtomakehimregretMariusallthemore。
　　Oneevening，——itwasthe24thofJune，whichdidnotpreventFatherGillenormandhavingarousingfireonthehearth，——hehaddismissedhisdaughter，whowassewinginaneighboringapartment。
　　Hewasaloneinhischamber，amiditspastoralscenes，withhisfeetproppedontheandirons，halfenvelopedinhishugescreenofcoromandellacquer，withitsnineleaves，withhiselbowrestingonatablewhereburnedtwocandlesunderagreenshade，engulfedinhistapestryarmchair，andinhishandabookwhichhewasnotreading。
　　Hewasdressed，accordingtohiswont，likeanincroyable，andresembledanantiqueportraitbyGarat。Thiswouldhavemadepeoplerunafterhiminthestreet，hadnothisdaughtercoveredhimup，wheneverhewentout，inavastbishop’swaddedcloak，whichconcealedhisattire。Athome，heneverworeadressinggown，exceptwhenheroseandretired。"Itgivesonealookofage，"
　　saidhe。
　　FatherGillenormandwasthinkingofMariuslovinglyandbitterly；
　　and，asusual，bitternesspredominated。Histendernessoncesouredalwaysendedbyboilingandturningtoindignation。
　　Hehadreachedthepointwhereamantriestomakeuphismindandtoacceptthatwhichrendshisheart。HewasexplainingtohimselfthattherewasnolongeranyreasonwhyMariusshouldreturn，thatifheintendedtoreturn，heshouldhavedoneitlongago，thathemustrenouncetheidea。Hewastryingtoaccustomhimselftothethoughtthatallwasover，andthatheshoulddiewithouthavingbeheld"thatgentleman"again。Buthiswholenaturerevolted；
　　hisagedpaternitywouldnotconsenttothis。"Well！"saidhe，——
　　thiswashisdolefulrefrain，——"hewillnotreturn！"Hisbaldheadhadfallenuponhisbreast，andhefixedamelancholyandirritatedgazeupontheashesonhishearth。
　　Intheverymidstofhisrevery，hisoldservantBasqueentered，andinquired:——
　　"CanMonsieurreceiveM。Marius？"
　　Theoldmansatuperect，pallid，andlikeacorpsewhichrisesundertheinfluenceofagalvanicshock。Allhisbloodhadretreatedtohisheart。Hestammered:——
　　"M。Mariuswhat？"
　　"Idon’tknow，"repliedBasque，intimidatedandputoutofcountenancebyhismaster’sair；"Ihavenotseenhim。Nicolettecameinandsaidtome:`There’sayoungmanhere；saythatitisM。Marius。’"
　　FatherGillenormandstammeredinalowvoice:——
　　"Showhimin。"
　　Andheremainedinthesameattitude，withshakinghead，andhiseyesfixedonthedoor。Itopenedoncemore。Ayoungmanentered。
　　ItwasMarius。
　　Mariushaltedatthedoor，asthoughwaitingtobebiddentoenter。
　　Hisalmostsqualidattirewasnotperceptibleintheobscuritycausedbytheshade。Nothingcouldbeseenbuthiscalm，grave，butstrangelysadface。
　　ItwasseveralminutesbeforeFatherGillenormand，dulledwithamazementandjoy，couldseeanythingexceptabrightnessaswhenoneisinthepresenceofanapparition。Hewasonthepointofswooning；
　　hesawMariusthroughadazzlinglight。Itcertainlywashe，itcertainlywasMarius。
　　Atlast！Afterthelapseoffouryears！Hegraspedhimentire，sotospeak，inasingleglance。Hefoundhimnoble，handsome，distinguished，well—grown，acompleteman，withasuitablemienandacharmingair。Hefeltadesiretoopenhisarms，tocallhim，toflinghimselfforward；hisheartmeltedwithrapture，affectionatewordsswelledandoverflowedhisbreast；atlengthallhistendernesscametothelightandreachedhislips，and，byacontrastwhichconstitutedtheveryfoundationofhisnature，whatcameforthwasharshness。Hesaidabruptly:——
　　"Whathaveyoucomeherefor？"
　　Mariusrepliedwithembarrassment:——
　　"Monsieur——"
　　M。GillenormandwouldhavelikedtohaveMariusthrowhimselfintohisarms。HewasdispleasedwithMariusandwithhimself。
　　Hewasconsciousthathewasbrusque，andthatMariuswascold。
　　Itcausedthegoodmanunendurableandirritatinganxietytofeelsotenderandforlornwithin，andonlytobeabletobehardoutside。
　　Bitternessreturned。HeinterruptedMariusinapeevishtone:——
　　"Thenwhydidyoucome？"
　　That"then"signified:Ifyoudonotcometoembraceme。
　　Mariuslookedathisgrandfather，whosepallorgavehimafaceofmarble。
　　"Monsieur——"
　　"Haveyoucometobegmypardon？Doyouacknowledgeyourfaults？"
　　HethoughthewasputtingMariusontherightroad，andthat"thechild"
　　wouldyield。Mariusshivered；itwasthedenialofhisfatherthatwasrequiredofhim；hedroppedhiseyesandreplied:——
　　"No，sir。"
　　"Then，"exclaimedtheoldmanimpetuously，withagriefthatwaspoignantandfullofwrath，"whatdoyouwantofme？"
　　Mariusclaspedhishands，advancedastep，andsaidinafeebleandtremblingvoice:——
　　"Sir，havepityonme。"
　　ThesewordstouchedM。Gillenormand；utteredalittlesooner，theywouldhaverenderedhimtender，buttheycametoolate。
　　Thegrandfatherrose；hesupportedhimselfwithbothhandsonhiscane；
　　hislipswerewhite，hisbrowwavered，buthisloftyformtoweredaboveMariusashebowed。
　　"Pityonyou，sir！Itisyouthdemandingpityoftheoldmanofninety—one！Youareenteringintolife，Iamleavingit；
　　yougototheplay，toballs，tothecafe，tothebilliard—hall；
　　youhavewit，youpleasethewomen，youareahandsomefellow；
　　asforme，Ispitonmybrandsintheheartofsummer；youarerichwiththeonlyrichesthatarereallysuch，Ipossessallthepovertyofage；infirmity，isolation！Youhaveyourthirty—twoteeth，agooddigestion，brighteyes，strength，appetite，health，gayety，aforestofblackhair；Ihavenolongerevenwhitehair，Ihavelostmyteeth，Iamlosingmylegs，Iamlosingmymemory；
　　therearethreenamesofstreetsthatIconfoundincessantly，theRueCharlot，theRueduChaume，andtheRueSaint—Claude，thatiswhatIhavecometo；youhavebeforeyouthewholefuture，fullofsunshine，andIambeginningtolosemysight，sofaramIadvancingintothenight；youareinlove，thatisamatterofcourse，Iambelovedbynooneinalltheworld；andyouaskpityofme！Parbleu！Moliereforgotthat。Ifthatisthewayyoujestatthecourthouse，Messieursthelawyers，Isincerelycomplimentyou。
　　Youaredroll。"
　　Andtheoctogenarianwentoninagraveandangryvoice:——
　　"Come，now，whatdoyouwantofme？"
　　"Sir，"saidMarius，"Iknowthatmypresenceisdispleasingtoyou，butIhavecomemerelytoaskonethingofyou，andthenIshallgoawayimmediately。"
　　"Youareafool！"saidtheoldman。"Whosaidthatyouweretogoaway？"
　　Thiswasthetranslationofthetenderwordswhichlayatthebottomofhisheart:——
　　"Askmypardon！Throwyourselfonmyneck！"
　　M。GillenormandfeltthatMariuswouldleavehiminafewmoments，thathisharshreceptionhadrepelledthelad，thathishardnesswasdrivinghimaway；hesaidallthistohimself，anditaugmentedhisgrief；
　　andashisgriefwasstraightwayconvertedintowrath，itincreasedhisharshness。HewouldhavelikedtohaveMariusunderstand，andMariusdidnotunderstand，whichmadethegoodmanfurious。
　　Hebeganagain:——
　　"What！youdesertedme，yourgrandfather，youleftmyhousetogonooneknowswhither，youdroveyouraunttodespair，youwentoff，itiseasilyguessed，toleadabachelorlife；it’smoreconvenient，toplaythedandy，tocomeinatallhours，toamuseyourself；
　　youhavegivenmenosignsoflife，youhavecontracteddebtswithouteventellingmetopaythem，youhavebecomeasmasherofwindowsandablusterer，and，attheendoffouryears，youcometome，andthatisallyouhavetosaytome！"
　　ThisviolentfashionofdrivingagrandsontotendernesswasproductiveonlyofsilenceonthepartofMarius。M。Gillenormandfoldedhisarms；agesturewhichwithhimwaspeculiarlyimperious，andapostrophizedMariusbitterly:——
　　"Letusmakeanendofthis。Youhavecometoasksomethingofme，yousay？Well，what？Whatisit？Speak！"
　　"Sir，"saidMarius，withthelookofamanwhofeelsthatheisfallingoveraprecipice，"Ihavecometoaskyourpermissiontomarry。"
　　M。Gillenormandrangthebell。Basqueopenedthedoorhalf—way。
　　"Callmydaughter。"
　　Asecondlater，thedoorwasopenedoncemore，MademoiselleGillenormanddidnotenter，butshowedherself；Mariuswasstanding，mute，withpendantarmsandthefaceofacriminal；M。Gillenormandwaspacingbackandforthintheroom。Heturnedtohisdaughterandsaidtoher:——
　　"Nothing。ItisMonsieurMarius。Saygooddaytohim。
　　Monsieurwishestomarry。That’sall。Goaway。"
　　Thecurt，hoarsesoundoftheoldman’svoiceannouncedastrangedegreeofexcitement。TheauntgazedatMariuswithafrightenedair，hardlyappearedtorecognizehim，didnotallowagestureorasyllabletoescapeher，anddisappearedatherfather’sbreathmoreswiftlythanastrawbeforethehurricane。
　　Inthemeantime，FatherGillenormandhadreturnedandplacedhisbackagainstthechimney—pieceoncemore。
　　"Youmarry！Atoneandtwenty！Youhavearrangedthat！Youhaveonlyapermissiontoask！aformality。Sitdown，sir。Well，youhavehadarevolutionsinceIhadthehonortoseeyoulast。
　　TheJacobinsgottheupperhand。Youmusthavebeendelighted。
　　AreyounotaRepublicansinceyouareaBaron？Youcanmakethatagree。TheRepublicmakesagoodsauceforthebarony。
　　AreyouoneofthosedecoratedbyJuly？HaveyoutakentheLouvreatall，sir？Quitenearhere，intheRueSaint—Antoine，oppositetheRuedesNonamdieres，thereisacannon—ballincrustedinthewallofthethirdstoryofahousewiththisinscription:
　　`July28th，1830。’Gotakealookatthat。Itproducesagoodeffect。
　　Ah！thosefriendsofyoursdoprettythings。Bytheway，aren’ttheyerectingafountainintheplaceofthemonumentofM。leDucdeBerry？
　　Soyouwanttomarry？Whom？Canoneinquirewithoutindiscretion？"
　　Hepaused，and，beforeMariushadtimetoanswer，headdedviolently:——
　　"Comenow，youhaveaprofession？Afortunemade？Howmuchdoyouearnatyourtradeoflawyer？"
　　"Nothing，"saidMarius，withasortoffirmnessandresolutionthatwasalmostfierce。
　　"Nothing？ThenallthatyouhavetoliveuponisthetwelvehundredlivresthatIallowyou？"
　　Mariusdidnotreply。M。Gillenormandcontinued:——
　　"ThenIunderstandthegirlisrich？"
　　"AsrichasIam。"
　　"What！Nodowry？"
　　"No。"
　　"Expectations？"
　　"Ithinknot。"
　　"Utterlynaked！What’sthefather？"
　　"Idon’tknow。"
　　"Andwhat’shername？"
　　"MademoiselleFauchelevent。"
　　"Fauchewhat？"
　　"Fauchelevent。"
　　"Pttt！"ejaculatedtheoldgentleman。
　　"Sir！"exclaimedMarius。
　　M。Gillenormandinterruptedhimwiththetoneofamanwhoisspeakingtohimself:——
　　"That’sright，oneandtwentyyearsofage，noprofession，twelvehundredlivresayear，MadamelaBaronnedePontmercywillgoandpurchaseacoupleofsous’worthofparsleyfromthefruiterer。"
　　"Sir，"repeatedMarius，inthedespairatthelasthope，whichwasvanishing，"Ientreatyou！IconjureyouinthenameofHeaven，withclaspedhands，sir，Ithrowmyselfatyourfeet，permitmetomarryher！"
　　Theoldmanburstintoashoutofstridentandmournfullaughter，coughingandlaughingatthesametime。
　　"Ah！ah！ah！Yousaidtoyourself:`Pardine！I’llgohuntupthatoldblockhead，thatabsurdnumskull！WhatashamethatI’mnottwenty—five！HowI’dtreathimtoanicerespectfulsummons！
　　HownicelyI’dgetalongwithouthim！It’snothingtome，I’dsaytohim:"You’reonlytoohappytoseeme，youoldidiot，Iwanttomarry，IdesiretowedMamselleNo—matter—whom，daughterofMonsieurNo—matter—what，Ihavenoshoes，shehasnochemise，thatjustsuits；Iwanttothrowmycareer，myfuture，myyouth，mylifetothedogs；Iwishtotakeaplungeintowretchednesswithawomanaroundmyneck，that’sanidea，andyoumustconsenttoit！"
　　andtheoldfossilwillconsent。’Go，mylad，doasyoulike，attachyourpaving—stone，marryyourPousselevent，yourCoupelevent——
　　Never，sir，never！"
　　"Father——"
　　"Never！"
　　Atthetoneinwhichthat"never"wasuttered，Mariuslostallhope。
　　Hetraversedthechamberwithslowsteps，withbowedhead，totteringandmorelikeadyingmanthanlikeonemerelytakinghisdeparture。
　　M。Gillenormandfollowedhimwithhiseyes，andatthemomentwhenthedooropened，andMariuswasonthepointofgoingout，headvancedfourpaces，withthesenilevivacityofimpetuousandspoiledoldgentlemen，seizedMariusbythecollar，broughthimbackenergeticallyintotheroom，flunghimintoanarmchairandsaidtohim:——
　　"Tellmeallaboutit！"
　　"Itwasthatsingleword"father"whichhadeffectedthisrevolution。
　　Mariusstaredathiminbewilderment。M。Gillenormand’smobilefacewasnolongerexpressiveofanythingbutroughandineffablegood—nature。Thegrandsirehadgivenwaybeforethegrandfather。
　　"Come，seehere，speak，tellmeaboutyourloveaffairs，jabber，tellmeeverything！Sapristi！howstupidyoungfolksare！"
　　"Father——"repeatedMarius。
　　Theoldman’sentirecountenancelightedupwithindescribableradiance。
　　"Yes，that’sright，callmefather，andyou’llsee！"
　　Therewasnowsomethingsokind，sogentle，soopenhearted，andsopaternalinthisbrusqueness，thatMarius，inthesuddentransitionfromdiscouragementtohope，wasstunnedandintoxicatedbyit，asitwere。Hewasseatednearthetable，thelightfromthecandlesbroughtoutthedilapidationofhiscostume，whichFatherGillenormandregardedwithamazement。
　　"Well，father——"saidMarius。
　　"Ah，bytheway，"interruptedM。Gillenormand，"youreallyhavenotapennythen？Youaredressedlikeapickpocket。"
　　Herummagedinadrawer，drewforthapurse，whichhelaidonthetable:"Hereareahundredlouis，buyyourselfahat。"
　　"Father，"pursuedMarius，"mygoodfather，ifyouonlyknew！Iloveher。
　　Youcannotimagineit；thefirsttimeIsawherwasattheLuxembourg，shecamethere；inthebeginning，Ididnotpaymuchheedtoher，andthen，Idon’tknowhowitcameabout，Ifellinlovewithher。
　　Oh！howunhappythatmademe！Now，atlast，Iseehereveryday，atherownhome，herfatherdoesnotknowit，justfancy，theyaregoingaway，itisinthegardenthatwemeet，intheevening，herfathermeanstotakehertoEngland，thenIsaidtomyself:
　　`I’llgoandseemygrandfatherandtellhimallabouttheaffair。
　　Ishouldgomadfirst，Ishoulddie，Ishouldfallill，Ishouldthrowmyselfintothewater。Iabsolutelymustmarryher，sinceIshouldgomadotherwise。’Thisisthewholetruth，andI
　　donotthinkthatIhaveomittedanything。Shelivesinagardenwithanironfence，intheRuePlumet。ItisintheneighborhoodoftheInvalides。"
　　FatherGillenormandhadseatedhimself，withabeamingcountenance，besideMarius。Ashelistenedtohimanddrankinthesoundofhisvoice，heenjoyedatthesametimeaprotractedpinchofsnuff。
　　Atthewords"RuePlumet"heinterruptedhisinhalationandallowedtheremainderofhissnufftofalluponhisknees。
　　"TheRuePlumet，theRuePlumet，didyousay？——Letussee！——Aretherenotbarracksinthatvicinity？——Why，yes，that’sit。YourcousinTheodulehasspokentomeaboutit。Thelancer，theofficer。
　　Agaygirl，mygoodfriend，agaygirl！——Pardieu，yes，theRuePlumet。
　　ItiswhatusedtobecalledtheRueBlomet。——Itallcomesbacktomenow。IhaveheardofthatlittlegirloftheironrailingintheRuePlumet。Inagarden，aPamela。Yourtasteisnotbad。
　　Sheissaidtobeaverytidycreature。Betweenourselves，Ithinkthatsimpletonofalancerhasbeencourtingherabit。
　　Idon’tknowwherehedidit。However，that’snottothepurpose。
　　Besides，heisnottobebelieved。Hebrags，Marius！Ithinkitquiteproperthatayoungmanlikeyoushouldbeinlove。
　　It’stherightthingatyourage。IlikeyoubetterasaloverthanasaJacobin。Ilikeyoubetterinlovewithapetticoat，sapristi！withtwentypetticoats，thanwithM。deRobespierre。
　　Formypart，Iwilldomyselfthejusticetosay，thatinthelineofsans—culottes，Ihaveneverlovedanyonebutwomen。Prettygirlsareprettygirls，thedeuce！There’snoobjectiontothat。Asforthelittleone，shereceivesyouwithoutherfather’sknowledge。
　　That’sintheestablishedorderofthings。Ihavehadadventuresofthatsamesortmyself。Morethanone。Doyouknowwhatisdonethen？
　　Onedoesnottakethematterferociously；onedoesnotprecipitatehimselfintothetragic；onedoesnotmakeone’smindtomarriageandM。leMairewithhisscarf。Onesimplybehaveslikeafellowofspirit。Oneshowsgoodsense。Slipalong，mortals；don’tmarry。
　　Youcomeandlookupyourgrandfather，whoisagood—naturedfellowatbottom，andwhoalwayshasafewrollsoflouisinanolddrawer；
　　yousaytohim:`Seehere，grandfather。’Andthegrandfathersays:
　　`That’sasimplematter。Youthmustamuseitself，andoldagemustwearout。Ihavebeenyoung，youwillbeold。Come，myboy，youshallpassitontoyourgrandson。Herearetwohundredpistoles。
　　Amuseyourself，deucetakeit！’Nothingbetter！That’sthewaytheaffairshouldbetreated。Youdon’tmarry，butthatdoesnoharm。
　　Youunderstandme？"
　　Marius，petrifiedandincapableofutteringasyllable，madeasignwithhisheadthathedidnot。
　　Theoldmanburstoutlaughing，winkedhisagedeye，gavehimaslapontheknee，staredhimfullinthefacewithamysteriousandbeamingair，andsaidtohim，withthetenderestofshrugsoftheshoulder:——
　　"Booby！makeheryourmistress。"
　　Mariusturnedpale。Hehadunderstoodnothingofwhathisgrandfatherhadjustsaid。ThistwaddleabouttheRueBlomet，Pamela，thebarracks，thelancer，hadpassedbeforeMariuslikeadissolvingview。
　　NothingofallthatcouldbearanyreferencetoCosette，whowasalily。Thegoodmanwaswanderinginhismind。ButthiswanderingterminatedinwordswhichMariusdidunderstand，andwhichwereamortalinsulttoCosette。Thosewords，"makeheryourmistress，"
　　enteredtheheartofthestrictyoungmanlikeasword。
　　Herose，pickeduphishatwhichlayonthefloor，andwalkedtothedoorwithafirm，assuredstep。Thereheturnedround，boweddeeplytohisgrandfather，raisedhisheaderectagain，andsaid:——
　　"Fiveyearsagoyouinsultedmyfather；to—dayyouhaveinsultedmywife。Iasknothingmoreofyou，sir。Farewell。"
　　FatherGillenormand，utterlyconfounded，openedhismouth，extendedhisarms，triedtorise，andbeforehecouldutteraword，thedoorclosedoncemore，andMariushaddisappeared。
　　Theoldmanremainedforseveralminutesmotionlessandasthoughstruckbylightning，withoutthepowertospeakorbreathe，asthoughaclenchedfistgraspedhisthroat。Atlasthetorehimselffromhisarm—chair，ran，sofarasamancanrunatninety—one，tothedoor，openedit，andcried:——
　　"Help！Help！"
　　Hisdaughtermadeherappearance，thenthedomestics。Hebeganagain，withapitifulrattle:"Runafterhim！Bringhimback！WhathaveI
　　donetohim？Heismad！Heisgoingaway！Ah！myGod！Ah！myGod！
　　Thistimehewillnotcomeback！"
　　Hewenttothewindowwhichlookedoutonthestreet，threwitopenwithhisagedandpalsiedhands，leanedoutmorethanhalf—way，whileBasqueandNicoletteheldhimbehind，andshouted:——
　　"Marius！Marius！Marius！Marius！"
　　ButMariuscouldnolongerhearhim，foratthatmomenthewasturningthecorneroftheRueSaint—Louis。
　　Theoctogenarianraisedhishandstohistemplestwoorthreetimeswithanexpressionofanguish，recoiledtottering，andfellbackintoanarm—chair，pulseless，voiceless，tearless，withquiveringheadandlipswhichmovedwithastupidair，withnothinginhiseyesandnothinganylongerinhisheartexceptagloomyandprofoundsomethingwhichresemblednight。
　　BOOKNINTH。——WHITHERARETHEYGOING？
　　CHAPTERI
　　JEANVALJEAN
　　Thatsameday，towardsfouro’clockintheafternoon，JeanValjeanwassittingaloneonthebacksideofoneofthemostsolitaryslopesintheChamp—de—Mars。Eitherfromprudence，orfromadesiretomeditate，orsimplyinconsequenceofoneofthoseinsensiblechangesofhabitwhichgraduallyintroducethemselvesintotheexistenceofeveryone，henowrarelywentoutwithCosette。
　　Hehadonhisworkman’swaistcoat，andtrousersofgraylinen；
　　andhislong—visoredcapconcealedhiscountenance。
　　HewascalmandhappynowbesideCosette；thatwhichhad，foratime，alarmedandtroubledhimhadbeendissipated；butforthelastweekortwo，anxietiesofanothernaturehadcomeup。Oneday，whilewalkingontheboulevard，hehadcaughtsightofThenardier；
　　thankstohisdisguise，Thenardierhadnotrecognizedhim；butsincethatday，JeanValjeanhadseenhimrepeatedly，andhewasnowcertainthatThenardierwasprowlingaboutintheirneighborhood。
　　Thishadbeensufficienttomakehimcometoadecision。
　　Moreover，Pariswasnottranquil:politicaltroublespresentedthisinconvenientfeature，foranyonewhohadanythingtoconcealinhislife，thatthepolicehadgrownveryuneasyandverysuspicious，andthatwhileseekingtoferretoutamanlikePepinorMorey，theymightveryreadilydiscoveramanlikeJeanValjean。
　　JeanValjeanhadmadeuphismindtoquitParis，andevenFrance，andgoovertoEngland。
　　HehadwarnedCosette。Hewishedtosetoutbeforetheendoftheweek。
　　HehadseatedhimselfontheslopeintheChamp—de—Mars，turningoverallsortsofthoughtsinhismind，——Thenardier，thepolice，thejourney，andthedifficultyofprocuringapassport。
　　Hewastroubledfromallthesepointsofview。
　　Lastofall，aninexplicablecircumstancewhichhadjustattractedhisattention，andfromwhichhehadnotyetrecovered，hadaddedtohisstateofalarm。
　　Onthemorningofthatveryday，whenhealoneofthehouseholdwasstirring，whilestrollinginthegardenbeforeCosette’sshutterswereopen，hehadsuddenlyperceivedonthewall，thefollowingline，engraved，probablywithanail:——
　　16RuedelaVerrerie。
　　Thiswasperfectlyfresh，thegroovesintheancientblackmortarwerewhite，atuftofnettlesatthefootofthewallwaspowderedwiththefine，freshplaster。
　　Thishadprobablybeenwrittenontheprecedingnight。
　　Whatwasthis？Asignalforothers？Awarningforhimself？
　　Inanycase，itwasevidentthatthegardenhadbeenviolated，andthatstrangershadmadetheirwayintoit。
　　Herecalledtheoddincidentswhichhadalreadyalarmedthehousehold。
　　Hismindwasnowfillinginthiscanvas。
　　HetookgoodcarenottospeaktoCosetteofthelinewrittenonthewall，forfearofalarmingher。
　　Inthemidstofhispreoccupations，heperceived，fromashadowcastbythesun，thatsomeonehadhaltedonthecrestoftheslopeimmediatelybehindhim。
　　Hewasonthepointofturninground，whenapaperfoldedinfourfelluponhiskneesasthoughahandhaddroppeditoverhishead。
　　Hetookthepaper，unfoldedit，andreadthesewordswritteninlargecharacters，withapencil:——
　　"MOVEAWAYFROMYOURHOUSE。"
　　JeanValjeanspranghastilytohisfeet；therewasnooneontheslope；
　　hegazedallaroundhimandperceivedacreaturelargerthanachild，notsolargeasaman，cladinagrayblouseandtrousersofdust—coloredcottonvelvet，whowasjumpingovertheparapetandwhoslippedintothemoatoftheChampde—Mars。
　　JeanValjeanreturnedhomeatonce，inaverythoughtfulmood。
　　CHAPTERII
　　MARIUS
　　MariushadleftM。Gillenormandindespair。Hehadenteredthehousewithverylittlehope，andquitteditwithimmensedespair。
　　However，andthosewhohaveobservedthedepthsofthehumanheartwillunderstandthis，theofficer，thelancer，theninny，CousinTheodule，hadleftnotraceinhismind。Nottheslightest。
　　Thedramaticpoetmight，apparently，expectsomecomplicationsfromthisrevelationmadepoint—blankbythegrandfathertothegrandson。
　　Butwhatthedramawouldgainthereby，truthwouldlose。
　　Mariuswasatanagewhenonebelievesnothinginthelineofevil；
　　lateroncomestheagewhenonebelieveseverything。Suspicionsarenothingelsethanwrinkles。Earlyyouthhasnoneofthem。
　　ThatwhichoverwhelmedOthelloglidesinnocuousoverCandide。
　　SuspectCosette！TherearehostsofcrimeswhichMariuscouldsoonerhavecommitted。
　　Hebegantowanderaboutthestreets，theresourceofthosewhosuffer。
　　Hethoughtofnothing，sofarashecouldafterwardsremember。
　　Attwoo’clockinthemorninghereturnedtoCourfeyrac’squartersandflunghimself，withoutundressing，onhismattress。Thesunwasshiningbrightlywhenhesankintothatfrightfulleadenslumberwhichpermitsideastogoandcomeinthebrain。Whenheawoke，hesawCourfeyrac，Enjolras，Feuilly，andCombeferrestandingintheroomwiththeirhatsonandallreadytogoout。
　　Courfeyracsaidtohim:——
　　"AreyoucomingtoGeneralLamarque’sfuneral？"
　　ItseemedtohimthatCourfeyracwasspeakingChinese。
　　Hewentoutsometimeafterthem。HeputinhispocketthepistolswhichJaverthadgivenhimatthetimeoftheadventureonthe3dofFebruary，andwhichhadremainedinhishands。Thesepistolswerestillloaded。Itwouldbedifficulttosaywhatvaguethoughthehadinhismindwhenhetookthemwithhim。
　　Alldaylongheprowledabout，withoutknowingwherehewasgoing；
　　itrainedattimes，hedidnotperceiveit；forhisdinner，hepurchasedapennyrollatabaker’s，putitinhispocketandforgotit。
　　ItappearsthathetookabathintheSeinewithoutbeingawareofit。
　　Therearemomentswhenamanhasafurnacewithinhisskull。
　　Mariuswaspassingthroughoneofthosemoments。Henolongerhopedforanything；thisstephehadtakensincetheprecedingevening。
　　Hewaitedfornightwithfeverishimpatience，hehadbutoneideaclearlybeforehismind；——thiswas，thatatnineo’clockheshouldseeCosette。Thislasthappinessnowconstitutedhiswholefuture；
　　afterthat，gloom。Atintervals，asheroamedthroughthemostdesertedboulevards，itseemedtohimthatheheardstrangenoisesinParis。
　　Hethrusthisheadoutofhisreveryandsaid:"Istherefightingonhand？"
　　Atnightfall，atnineo’clockprecisely，ashehadpromisedCosette，hewasintheRuePlumet。Whenheapproachedthegratingheforgoteverything。Itwasforty—eighthourssincehehadseenCosette；
　　hewasabouttobeholdheroncemore；everyotherthoughtwaseffaced，andhefeltonlyaprofoundandunheard—ofjoy。Thoseminutesinwhichonelivescenturiesalwayshavethissovereignandwonderfulproperty，thatatthemomentwhentheyarepassingtheyfilltheheartcompletely。
　　Mariusdisplacedthebar，andrushedheadlongintothegarden。
　　Cosettewasnotatthespotwheresheordinarilywaitedforhim。
　　Hetraversedthethicket，andapproachedtherecessneartheflightofsteps:"Sheiswaitingformethere，"saidhe。Cosettewasnotthere。Heraisedhiseyes，andsawthattheshuttersofthehousewereclosed。Hemadethetourofthegarden，thegardenwasdeserted。
　　Thenhereturnedtothehouse，and，renderedsenselessbylove，intoxicated，terrified，exasperatedwithgriefanduneasiness，likeamasterwhoreturnshomeatanevilhour，hetappedontheshutters。Heknockedandknockedagain，attheriskofseeingthewindowopen，andherfather’sgloomyfacemakeitsappearance，anddemand:"Whatdoyouwant？"Thiswasnothingincomparisonwithwhathedimlycaughtaglimpseof。Whenhehadrapped，helifteduphisvoiceandcalledCosette。——"Cosette！"hecried；
　　"Cosette！"herepeatedimperiously。Therewasnoreply。Allwasover。
　　Nooneinthegarden；nooneinthehouse。
　　Mariusfixedhisdespairingeyesonthatdismalhouse，whichwasasblackandassilentasatombandfarmoreempty。HegazedatthestoneseatonwhichhehadpassedsomanyadorablehourswithCosette。
　　Thenheseatedhimselfontheflightofsteps，hisheartfilledwithsweetnessandresolution，heblessedhisloveinthedepthsofhisthought，andhesaidtohimselfthat，sinceCosettewasgone，allthattherewasleftforhimwastodie。
　　Allatonceheheardavoicewhichseemedtoproceedfromthestreet，andwhichwascallingtohimthroughthetrees:——
　　"Mr。Marius！"
　　Hestartedtohisfeet。
　　"Hey？"saidhe。
　　"Mr。Marius，areyouthere？"
　　"Yes。"
　　"Mr。Marius，"wentonthevoice，"yourfriendsarewaitingforyouatthebarricadeoftheRuedelaChanvrerie。"
　　Thisvoicewasnotwhollyunfamiliartohim。Itresembledthehoarse，roughvoiceofEponine。Mariushastenedtothegate，thrustasidethemovablebar，passedhisheadthroughtheaperture，andsawsomeonewhoappearedtohimtobeayoungman，disappearingatarunintothegloom。
　　CHAPTERIII
　　M。MABEUF
　　JeanValjean’spursewasofnousetoM。Mabeuf。M。Mabeuf，inhisvenerable，infantileausterity，hadnotacceptedthegiftofthestars；hehadnotadmittedthatastarcouldcoinitselfintolouisd’or。HehadnotdivinedthatwhathadfallenfromheavenhadcomefromGavroche。Hehadtakenthepursetothepolicecommissionerofthequarter，asalostarticleplacedbythefinderatthedisposalofclaimants。Thepursewasactuallylost。
　　Itisunnecessarytosaythatnooneclaimedit，andthatitdidnotsuccorM。Mabeuf。
　　Moreover，M。Mabeufhadcontinuedhisdownwardcourse。
　　HisexperimentsonindigohadbeennomoresuccessfulintheJardindesPlantesthaninhisgardenatAusterlitz。Theyearbeforehehadowedhishousekeeper’swages；now，aswehaveseen，heowedthreequartersofhisrent。ThepawnshophadsoldtheplatesofhisFloraaftertheexpirationofthirteenmonths。
　　Somecoppersmithhadmadestewpansofthem。Hiscopperplatesgone，andbeingunabletocompleteeventheincompletecopiesofhisFlorawhichwereinhispossession，hehaddisposedofthetext，atamiserableprice，aswastepaper，toasecond—handbookseller。
　　Nothingnowremainedtohimofhislife’swork。Hesettoworktoeatupthemoneyforthesecopies。Whenhesawthatthiswretchedresourcewasbecomingexhausted，hegaveuphisgardenandallowedittoruntowaste。Beforethis，alongtimebefore，hehadgivenuphistwoeggsandthemorselofbeefwhichheatefromtimetotime。Hedinedonbreadandpotatoes。Hehadsoldthelastofhisfurniture，thenallduplicatesofhisbedding，hisclothingandhisblankets，thenhisherbariumsandprints；
　　buthestillretainedhismostpreciousbooks，manyofwhichwereofthegreatestrarity，amongothers，LesQuadrinsHistoriquesdelaBible，editionof1560；LaConcordancedesBibles，byPierredeBesse；LesMargueritesdelaMarguerite，ofJeandeLaHaye，withadedicationtotheQueenofNavarre；thebookdelaChargeetDignitedel’Ambassadeur，bytheSieurdeVilliersHotman；
　　aFlorilegiumRabbinicumof1644；aTibullusof1567，withthismagnificentinscription:Venetiis，inaedibusManutianis；andlastly，aDiogenesLaertius，printedatLyonsin1644，whichcontainedthefamousvariantofthemanuscript411，thirteenthcentury，oftheVatican，andthoseofthetwomanuscriptsofVenice，393and394，consultedwithsuchfruitfulresultsbyHenriEstienne，andallthepassagesinDoricdialectwhichareonlyfoundinthecelebratedmanuscriptofthetwelfthcenturybelongingtotheNaplesLibrary。M。Mabeufneverhadanyfireinhischamber，andwenttobedatsundown，inordernottoconsumeanycandles。
　　Itseemedasthoughhehadnolongeranyneighbors:peopleavoidedhimwhenhewentout；heperceivedthefact。Thewretchednessofachildinterestsamother，thewretchednessofayoungmaninterestsayounggirl，thewretchednessofanoldmaninterestsnoone。
　　Itis，ofalldistresses，thecoldest。Still，FatherMabeufhadnotentirelylosthischildlikeserenity。Hiseyesacquiredsomevivacitywhentheyrestedonhisbooks，andhesmiledwhenhegazedattheDiogenesLaertius，whichwasauniquecopy。Hisbookcasewithglassdoorswastheonlypieceoffurniturewhichhehadkeptbeyondwhatwasstrictlyindispensable。
　　Oneday，MotherPlutarquesaidtohim:——
　　"Ihavenomoneytobuyanydinner。"
　　Whatshecalleddinnerwasaloafofbreadandfourorfivepotatoes。
　　"Oncredit？"suggestedM。Mabeuf。
　　"Youknowwellthatpeoplerefuseme。"
　　M。Mabeufopenedhisbookcase，tookalonglookatallhisbooks，oneafteranother，asafatherobligedtodecimatehischildrenwouldgazeuponthembeforemakingachoice，thenseizedonehastily，putitinunderhisarmandwentout。Hereturnedtwohourslater，withoutanythingunderhisarm，laidthirtysousonthetable，andsaid:——
　　"Youwillgetsomethingfordinner。"
　　Fromthatmomentforth，MotherPlutarquesawasombreveil，whichwasnevermorelifted，descendovertheoldman’scandidface。
　　Onthefollowingday，onthedayafter，andonthedayafterthat，ithadtobedoneagain。
　　M。Mabeufwentoutwithabookandreturnedwithacoin。
　　Asthesecond—handdealersperceivedthathewasforcedtosell，theypurchasedofhimfortwentysousthatforwhichhehadpaidtwentyfrancs，sometimesatthoseveryshops。Volumebyvolume，thewholelibrarywentthesameroad。Hesaidattimes:"ButI
　　ameighty；"asthoughhecherishedsomesecrethopethatheshouldarriveattheendofhisdaysbeforereachingtheendofhisbooks。
　　Hismelancholyincreased。Once，however，hehadapleasure。
　　HehadgoneoutwithaRobertEstienne，whichhehadsoldforthirty—fivesousundertheQuaiMalaquais，andhereturnedwithanAlduswhichhehadboughtforfortysousintheRuedesGres。——"I
　　owefivesous，"hesaid，beamingonMotherPlutarque。Thatdayhehadnodinner。
　　HebelongedtotheHorticulturalSociety。Hisdestitutionbecameknownthere。Thepresidentofthesocietycametoseehim，promisedtospeaktotheMinisterofAgricultureandCommerceabouthim，anddidso。——"Why，what！"exclaimedtheMinister，"Ishouldthinkso！Anoldsavant！abotanist！aninoffensiveman！
　　Somethingmustbedoneforhim！"Onthefollowingday，M。MabeufreceivedaninvitationtodinewiththeMinister。Tremblingwithjoy，heshowedthelettertoMotherPlutarque。"Wearesaved！"saidhe。
　　Onthedayappointed，hewenttotheMinister’shouse。Heperceivedthathisraggedcravat，hislong，squarecoat，andhiswaxedshoesastonishedtheushers。Noonespoketohim，noteventheMinister。
　　Aboutteno’clockintheevening，whilehewasstillwaitingforaword，heheardtheMinister’swife，abeautifulwomaninalow—neckedgownwhomhehadnotventuredtoapproach，inquire:
　　"Whoisthatoldgentleman？"Hereturnedhomeonfootatmidnight，inadrivingrain—storm。HehadsoldanElzevirtopayforacarriageinwhichtogothither。
　　HehadacquiredthehabitofreadingafewpagesinhisDiogenesLaertiuseverynight，beforehewenttobed。HeknewenoughGreektoenjoythepeculiaritiesofthetextwhichheowned。
　　Hehadnownootherenjoyment。Severalweekspassed。Allatonce，MotherPlutarquefellill。Thereisonethingsadderthanhavingnomoneywithwhichtobuybreadatthebaker’sandthatishavingnomoneytopurchasedrugsattheapothecary’s。Oneevening，thedoctorhadorderedaveryexpensivepotion。Andthemaladywasgrowingworse；anursewasrequired。M。Mabeufopenedhisbookcase；
　　therewasnothingthere。Thelastvolumehadtakenitsdeparture。
　　AllthatwaslefttohimwasDiogenesLaertius。Heputthisuniquecopyunderhisarm，andwentout。Itwasthe4thofJune，1832；
　　hewenttothePorteSaint—Jacques，toRoyal’ssuccessor，andreturnedwithonehundredfrancs。Helaidthepileoffive—francpiecesontheoldserving—woman’snightstand，andreturnedtohischamberwithoutsayingaword。
　　Onthefollowingmorning，atdawn，heseatedhimselfontheoverturnedpostinhisgarden，andhecouldbeseenoverthetopofthehedge，sittingthewholemorningmotionless，withdroopinghead，hiseyesvaguelyfixedonthewitheredflower—beds。Itrainedatintervals；
　　theoldmandidnotseemtoperceivethefact。
　　Intheafternoon，extraordinarynoisesbrokeoutinParis。
　　Theyresembledshotsandtheclamorsofamultitude。
　　FatherMabeufraisedhishead。Hesawagardenerpassing，andinquired:——
　　"Whatisit？"
　　Thegardener，spadeonback，repliedinthemostunconcernedtone:——
　　"Itistheriots。"
　　"Whatriots？"
　　"Yes，theyarefighting。"
　　"Whyaretheyfighting？"
　　"Ah，goodHeavens！"ejaculatedthegardener。
　　"Inwhatdirection？"wentonM。Mabeuf。
　　"IntheneighborhoodoftheArsenal。"
　　FatherMabeufwenttohisroom，tookhishat，mechanicallysoughtforabooktoplaceunderhisarm，foundnone，said:"Ah！truly！"
　　andwentoffwithabewilderedair。
　　BOOKTENTH。——THE5THOFJUNE，1832
　　CHAPTERI
　　THESURFACEOFTHEQUESTION
　　Ofwhatisrevoltcomposed？Ofnothingandofeverything。
　　Ofanelectricitydisengaged，littlebylittle，ofaflamesuddenlydartingforth，ofawanderingforce，ofapassingbreath。
　　Thisbreathencountersheadswhichspeak，brainswhichdream，soulswhichsuffer，passionswhichburn，wretchednesswhichhowls，andbearsthemaway。
　　Whither？
　　Atrandom。Athwartthestate，thelaws，athwartprosperityandtheinsolenceofothers。
　　Irritatedconvictions，embitteredenthusiasms，agitatedindignations，instinctsofwarwhichhavebeenrepressed，youthfulcouragewhichhasbeenexalted，generousblindness；curiosity，thetasteforchange，thethirstfortheunexpected，thesentimentwhichcausesonetotakepleasureinreadingthepostersforthenewplay，andlove，theprompter’swhistle，atthetheatre；thevaguehatreds，rancors，disappointments，everyvanitywhichthinksthatdestinyhasbankruptedit；discomfort，emptydreams，ambitiousthatarehedgedabout，whoeverhopesforadownfall，someoutcome，inshort，attheverybottom，therabble，thatmudwhichcatchesfire，——
　　sucharetheelementsofrevolt。Thatwhichisgrandestandthatwhichisbasest；thebeingswhoprowloutsideofallbounds，awaitinganoccasion，bohemians，vagrants，vagabondsofthecross—roads，thosewhosleepatnightinadesertofhouseswithnootherroofthanthecoldcloudsofheaven，thosewho，eachday，demandtheirbreadfromchanceandnotfromtoil，theunknownofpovertyandnothingness，thebare—armed，thebare—footed，belongtorevolt。Whoevercherishesinhissoulasecretrevoltagainstanydeedwhateveronthepartofthestate，oflifeoroffate，isripeforriot，and，assoonasitmakesitsappearance，hebeginstoquiver，andtofeelhimselfborneawaywiththewhirlwind。
　　Revoltisasortofwaterspoutinthesocialatmospherewhichformssuddenlyincertainconditionsoftemperature，andwhich，asiteddiesabout，mounts，descends，thunders，tears，razes，crushes，demolishes，uproots，bearingwithitgreatnaturesandsmall，thestrongmanandthefeeblemind，thetreetrunkandthestalkofstraw。Woetohimwhomitbearsawayaswellastohimwhomitstrikes！Itbreakstheoneagainsttheother。
　　Itcommunicatestothosewhomitseizesanindescribableandextraordinarypower。Itfillsthefirst—comerwiththeforceofevents；itconvertseverythingintoprojectiles。
　　Itmakesacannon—ballofaroughstone，andageneralofaporter。
　　Ifwearetobelievecertainoraclesofcraftypoliticalviews，alittlerevoltisdesirablefromthepointofviewofpower。System:
　　revoltstrengthensthosegovernmentswhichitdoesnotoverthrow。
　　Itputsthearmytothetest；itconsecratesthebourgeoisie，itdrawsoutthemusclesofthepolice；itdemonstratestheforceofthesocialframework。Itisanexerciseingymnastics；
　　itisalmosthygiene。Powerisinbetterhealthafterarevolt，asamanisafteragoodrubbingdown。
　　Revolt，thirtyyearsago，wasregardedfromstillotherpointsofview。
　　Thereisforeverythingatheory，whichproclaimsitself"goodsense"；
　　PhilintusagainstAlcestis；mediationofferedbetweenthefalseandthetrue；explanation，admonition，ratherhaughtyextenuationwhich，becauseitismingledwithblameandexcuse，thinksitselfwisdom，andisoftenonlypedantry。Awholepoliticalschoolcalled"thegoldenmean"hasbeentheoutcomeofthis。Asbetweencoldwaterandhotwater，itisthelukewarmwaterparty。Thisschoolwithitsfalsedepth，allonthesurface，whichdissectseffectswithoutgoingbacktofirstcauses，chidesfromitsheightofademi—science，theagitationofthepublicsquare。
　　Ifwelistentothisschool，"Theriotswhichcomplicatedtheaffairof1830deprivedthatgreateventofaportionofitspurity。TheRevolutionofJulyhadbeenafinepopulargale，abruptlyfollowedbybluesky。
　　Theymadethecloudyskyreappear。Theycausedthatrevolution，atfirstsoremarkableforitsunanimity，todegenerateintoaquarrel。
　　IntheRevolutionofJuly，asinallprogressaccomplishedbyfitsandstarts，therehadbeensecretfractures；theseriotsrenderedthemperceptible。Itmighthavebeensaid:`Ah！thisisbroken。’
　　AftertheRevolutionofJuly，onewassensibleonlyofdeliverance；
　　aftertheriots，onewasconsciousofacatastrophe。
　　"Allrevoltclosestheshops，depressesthefunds，throwstheExchangeintoconsternation，suspendscommerce，clogsbusiness，precipitatesfailures；nomoremoney，privatefortunesrendereduneasy，publiccreditshaken，industrydisconcerted，capitalwithdrawing，workatadiscount，feareverywhere；counter—shocksineverytown。
　　Hencegulfs。IthasbeencalculatedthatthefirstdayofariotcostsFrancetwentymillions，theseconddayforty，thethirdsixty，athreedays’uprisingcostsonehundredandtwentymillions，thatistosay，ifonlythefinancialresultbetakenintoconsideration，itisequivalenttoadisaster，ashipwreckoralostbattle，whichshouldannihilateafleetofsixtyshipsoftheline。
　　"Nodoubt，historically，uprisingshavetheirbeauty；thewarofthepavementsisnolessgrandiose，andnolesspathetic，thanthewarofthickets:intheonethereisthesoulofforests，intheothertheheartofcities；theonehasJeanChouan，theotherhasaJeanne。
　　RevoltshaveilluminatedwitharedglareallthemostoriginalpointsoftheParisiancharacter，generosity，devotion，stormygayety，studentsprovingthatbraveryformspartofintelligence，theNationalGuardinvincible，bivouacsofshopkeepers，fortressesofstreeturchins，contemptofdeathonthepartofpassers—by。Schoolsandlegionsclashedtogether。Afterall，betweenthecombatants，therewasonlyadifferenceofage；theraceisthesame；itisthesamestoicalmenwhodiedattheageoftwentyfortheirideas，atfortyfortheirfamilies。Thearmy，alwaysasadthingincivilwars，opposedprudencetoaudacity。Uprisings，whileprovingpopularintrepidity，alsoeducatedthecourageofthebourgeois。
　　"Thisiswell。Butisallthisworththebloodshed？Andtothebloodshedaddthefuturedarkness，progresscompromised，uneasinessamongthebestmen，honestliberalsindespair，foreignabsolutismhappyinthesewoundsdealttorevolutionbyitsownhand，thevanquishedof1830triumphingandsaying:
　　`Wetoldyouso！’AddParisenlarged，possibly，butFrancemostassuredlydiminished。Add，forallmustneedsbetold，themassacreswhichhavetoooftendishonoredthevictoryofordergrownferociousoverlibertygonemad。Tosumupall，uprisingshavebeendisastrous。"
　　Thusspeaksthatapproximationtowisdomwithwhichthebourgeoisie，thatapproximationtothepeople，sowillinglycontentsitself。
　　Forourparts，werejectthisworduprisingsastoolarge，andconsequentlyastooconvenient。Wemakeadistinctionbetweenonepopularmovementandanotherpopularmovement。
　　Wedonotinquirewhetheranuprisingcostsasmuchasabattle。
　　Whyabattle，inthefirstplace？Herethequestionofwarcomesup。
　　Iswarlessofascourgethananuprisingisofacalamity？Andthen，arealluprisingscalamities？AndwhatiftherevoltofJulydidcostahundredandtwentymillions？TheestablishmentofPhilipV。inSpaincostFrancetwomilliards。Evenatthesameprice，weshouldpreferthe14thofJuly。However，werejectthesefigures，whichappeartobereasonsandwhichareonlywords。Anuprisingbeinggiven，weexamineitbyitself。Inallthatissaidbythedoctrinarianobjectionabovepresented，thereisnoquestionofanythingbuteffect，weseekthecause。
　　Wewillbeexplicit。
　　CHAPTERII
　　THEROOTOFTHEMATTER
　　Thereissuchathingasanuprising，andthereissuchathingasinsurrection；thesearetwoseparatephasesofwrath；oneisinthewrong，theotherisintheright。Indemocraticstates，theonlyoneswhicharefoundedonjustice，itsometimeshappensthatthefractionusurps；thenthewholerisesandthenecessaryclaimofitsrightsmayproceedasfarasresorttoarms。Inallquestionswhichresultfromcollectivesovereignty，thewarofthewholeagainstthefractionisinsurrection；theattackofthefractionagainstthewholeisrevolt；accordingastheTuileriescontainakingortheConvention，theyarejustlyorunjustlyattacked。
　　Thesamecannon，pointedagainstthepopulace，iswrongonthe10thofAugust，andrightonthe14thofVendemiaire。Alikeinappearance，fundamentallydifferentinreality；theSwissdefendthefalse，Bonapartedefendsthetrue。Thatwhichuniversalsuffragehaseffectedinitslibertyandinitssovereigntycannotbeundonebythestreet。
　　Itisthesameinthingspertainingpurelytocivilization；
　　theinstinctofthemasses，clear—sightedto—day，maybetroubledto—morrow。ThesamefurylegitimatewhendirectedagainstTerrayandabsurdwhendirectedagainstTurgot。Thedestructionofmachines，thepillageofwarehouses，thebreakingofrails，thedemolitionofdocks，thefalseroutesofmultitudes，therefusalbythepeopleofjusticetoprogress，Ramusassassinatedbystudents，RousseaudrivenoutofSwitzerlandandstoned，——thatisrevolt。IsraelagainstMoses，AthensagainstPhocian，RomeagainstCicero，——thatisanuprising；
　　ParisagainsttheBastille，——thatisinsurrection。ThesoldiersagainstAlexander，thesailorsagainstChristopherColumbus，——
　　thisisthesamerevolt；impiousrevolt；why？BecauseAlexanderisdoingforAsiawiththeswordthatwhichChristopherColumbusisdoingforAmericawiththecompass；AlexanderlikeColumbus，isfindingaworld。Thesegiftsofaworldtocivilizationaresuchaugmentationsoflight，thatallresistanceinthatcaseisculpable。
　　Sometimesthepopulacecounterfeitsfidelitytoitself。Themassesaretraitorstothepeople。Isthere，forexample，anythingstrangerthanthatlongandbloodyprotestofdealersincontrabandsalt，alegitimatechronicrevolt，which，atthedecisivemoment，onthedayofsalvation，attheveryhourofpopularvictory，espousesthethrone，turnsintochouannerie，and，fromhavingbeenaninsurrectionagainst，becomesanuprisingfor，sombremasterpiecesofignorance！Thecontrabandsaltdealerescapestheroyalgibbets，andwitharope’sendroundhisneck，mountsthewhitecockade。
　　"Deathtothesaltduties，"bringsforth，"LonglivetheKing！"
　　TheassassinsofSaint—Barthelemy，thecut—throatsofSeptember，themanslaughterersofAvignon，theassassinsofColigny，theassassinsofMadamLamballe，theassassinsofBrune，Miquelets，Verdets，Cadenettes，thecompanionsofJehu，thechevaliersofBrassard，——
　　beholdanuprising。LaVendeeisagrand，catholicuprising。
　　Thesoundofrightinmovementisrecognizable，itdoesnotalwaysproceedfromthetremblingofexcitedmasses；therearemadrages，therearecrackedbells，alltocsinsdonotgiveoutthesoundofbronze。Thebrawlofpassionsandignorancesisquiteanotherthingfromtheshockofprogress。Showmeinwhatdirectionyouaregoing。Rise，ifyouwill，butletitbethatyoumaygrowgreat。
　　Thereisnoinsurrectionexceptinaforwarddirection。Anyothersortofrisingisbad；everyviolentsteptowardstherearisarevolt；
　　toretreatistocommitadeedofviolenceagainstthehumanrace。
　　Insurrectionisafitofrageonthepartoftruth；thepavementswhichtheuprisingdisturbsgiveforththesparkofright。
　　Thesepavementsbequeathtotheuprisingonlytheirmud。
　　DantonagainstLouisXIV。isinsurrection；HebertagainstDantonisrevolt。
　　Henceitresultsthatifinsurrectioningivencasesmaybe，asLafayettesays，themostholyofduties，anuprisingmaybethemostfatalofcrimes。
　　Thereisalsoadifferenceintheintensityofheat；insurrectionisoftenavolcano，revoltisoftenonlyafireofstraw。
　　Revolt，aswehavesaid，issometimesfoundamongthoseinpower。
　　Polignacisarioter；CamilleDesmoulinsisoneofthegoverningpowers。
　　Insurrectionissometimesresurrection。
　　Thesolutionofeverythingbyuniversalsuffragebeinganabsolutelymodernfact，andallhistoryanteriortothisfactbeing，forthespaceoffourthousandyears，filledwithviolatedright，andthesufferingofpeoples，eachepochofhistorybringswithitthatprotestofwhichitiscapable。UndertheCaesars，therewasnoinsurrection，buttherewasJuvenal。
　　ThefacitindignatioreplacestheGracchi。
　　UndertheCaesars，thereistheexiletoSyene；thereisalsothemanoftheAnnales。WedonotspeakoftheimmenseexileofPatmoswho，onhispartalso，overwhelmstherealworldwithaprotestinthenameoftheidealworld，whomakesofhisvisionanenormoussatireandcastsonRome—Nineveh，onRome—Babylon，onRome—Sodom，theflamingreflectionoftheApocalypse。Johnonhisrockisthesphinxonitspedestal；wemayunderstandhim，heisaJew，anditisHebrew；butthemanwhowritestheAnnalesisoftheLatinrace，letusrathersayheisaRoman。
　　AstheNerosreigninablackway，theyshouldbepaintedtomatch。
　　Theworkofthegraving—toolalonewouldbetoopale；theremustbepouredintothechannelaconcentratedprosewhichbites。
　　Despotscountforsomethinginthequestionofphilosophers。
　　Awordthatischainedisaterribleword。Thewriterdoublesandtrebleshisstylewhensilenceisimposedonanationbyitsmaster。
　　Fromthissilencetherearisesacertainmysteriousplenitudewhichfiltersintothoughtandtherecongealsintobronze。
　　Thecompressionofhistoryproducesconcisenessinthehistorian。
　　Thegranitesolidityofsuchandsuchacelebratedproseisnothingbuttheaccumulationeffectedbythetyrant。
　　Tyrannyconstrainsthewritertoconditionsofdiameterwhichareaugmentationsofforce。TheCiceronianperiod，whichhardlysufficedforVerres，wouldbebluntedonCaligula。Thelessspreadofsailinthephrase，themoreintensityintheblow。
　　Tacitusthinkswithallhismight。
　　Thehonestyofagreatheart，condensedinjusticeandtruth，overwhelmsaswithlightning。
　　Beitremarked，inpassing，thatTacitusisnothistoricallysuperposeduponCaesar。TheTiberiiwerereservedforhim。
　　CaesarandTacitusaretwosuccessivephenomena，ameetingbetweenwhomseemstobemysteriouslyavoided，bytheOnewho，whenHesetsthecenturiesonthestage，regulatestheentrancesandtheexits。
　　Caesarisgreat，Tacitusisgreat；Godsparesthesetwogreatnessesbynotallowingthemtoclashwithoneanother。Theguardianofjustice，instrikingCaesar，mightstriketoohardandbeunjust。
　　Goddoesnotwillit。ThegreatwarsofAfricaandSpain，thepiratesofSicilydestroyed，civilizationintroducedintoGaul，intoBritanny，intoGermany，——allthisglorycoverstheRubicon。
　　Thereishereasortofdelicacyofthedivinejustice，hesitatingtoletlooseupontheillustrioususurpertheformidablehistorian，sparingCaesarTacitus，andaccordingextenuatingcircumstancestogenius。
　　Certainly，despotismremainsdespotism，evenunderthedespotofgenius。Thereiscorruptionunderallillustrioustyrants，butthemoralpestisstillmorehideousunderinfamoustyrants。
　　Insuchreigns，nothingveilstheshame；andthosewhomakeexamples，TacitusaswellasJuvenal，slapthisignominywhichcannotreply，intheface，moreusefullyinthepresenceofallhumanity。
　　RomesmellsworseunderVitelliusthanunderSylla。UnderClaudiusandunderDomitian，thereisadeformityofbasenesscorrespondingtotherepulsivenessofthetyrant。Thevillainyofslavesisadirectproductofthedespot；amiasmaexhalesfromthesecoweringconscienceswhereinthemasterisreflected；publicpowersareunclean；
　　heartsaresmall；consciencesaredull，soulsarelikevermin；
　　thusitisunderCaracalla，thusitisunderCommodus，thusitisunderHeliogabalus，while，fromtheRomanSenate，underCaesar，therecomesnothingbuttheodorofthedungwhichispeculiartotheeyriesoftheeagles。
　　Hencetheadvent，apparentlytardy，oftheTacitusesandtheJuvenals；
　　itisinthehourforevidence，thatthedemonstratormakeshisappearance。
　　ButJuvenalandTacitus，likeIsaiahinBiblicaltimes，likeDanteintheMiddleAges，isman；riotandinsurrectionarethemultitude，whichissometimesrightandsometimeswrong。
　　Inthemajorityofcases，riotproceedsfromamaterialfact；
　　insurrectionisalwaysamoralphenomenon。RiotisMasaniello；
　　insurrection，Spartacus。Insurrectionbordersonmind，riotonthestomach；Gastergrowsirritated；butGaster，assuredly，isnotalwaysinthewrong。Inquestionsoffamine，riot，Buzancais，forexample，holdsatrue，pathetic，andjustpointofdeparture。
　　Nevertheless，itremainsariot。Why？Itisbecause，rightatbottom，itwaswronginform。Shyalthoughintheright，violentalthoughstrong，itstruckatrandom；itwalkedlikeablindelephant；
　　itleftbehinditthecorpsesofoldmen，ofwomen，andofchildren；
　　itwishedthebloodofinoffensiveandinnocentpersonswithoutknowingwhy。Thenourishmentofthepeopleisagoodobject；
　　tomassacrethemisabadmeans。
　　Allarmedprotests，eventhemostlegitimate，eventhatofthe10thofAugust，eventhatofJuly14th，beginwiththesametroubles。
　　Beforetherightgetssetfree，thereisfoamandtumult。
　　Inthebeginning，theinsurrectionisariot，justasariverisatorrent。Ordinarilyitendsinthatocean:revolution。
　　Sometimes，however，comingfromthoseloftymountainswhichdominatethemoralhorizon，justice，wisdom，reason，right，formedofthepuresnowoftheideal，afteralongfallfromrocktorock，afterhavingreflectedtheskyinitstransparencyandincreasedbyahundredaffluentsinthemajesticmienoftriumph，insurrectionissuddenlylostinsomequagmire，astheRhineisinaswamp。
　　Allthisisofthepast，thefutureisanotherthing。
　　Universalsuffragehasthisadmirableproperty，thatitdissolvesriotinitsinception，and，bygivingthevotetoinsurrection，itdeprivesitofitsarms。Thedisappearanceofwars，ofstreetwarsaswellasofwarsonthefrontiers，suchistheinevitableprogression。WhateverTo—daymaybe，To—morrowwillbepeace。
　　However，insurrection，riot，andpointsofdifferencebetweentheformerandthelatter，——thebourgeois，properlyspeaking，knowsnothingofsuchshades。Inhismind，allissedition，rebellionpureandsimple，therevoltofthedogagainsthismaster，anattempttobitewhommustbepunishedbythechainandthekennel，barking，snapping，untilsuchdayastheheadofthedog，suddenlyenlarged，isoutlinedvaguelyinthegloomfacetofacewiththelion。
　　Thenthebourgeoisshouts:"Longlivethepeople！"
　　Thisexplanationgiven，whatdoesthemovementofJune，1832，signify，sofarashistoryisconcerned？Isitarevolt？Isitaninsurrection？
　　Itmayhappentous，inplacingthisformidableeventonthestage，tosayrevoltnowandthen，butmerelytodistinguishsuperficialfacts，andalwayspreservingthedistinctionbetweenrevolt，theform，andinsurrection，thefoundation。
　　Thismovementof1832had，initsrapidoutbreakandinitsmelancholyextinction，somuchgrandeur，thateventhosewhoseeinitonlyanuprising，neverrefertoitotherwisethanwithrespect。
　　Forthem，itislikearelicof1830。Excitedimaginations，saythey，arenottobecalmedinaday。Arevolutioncannotbecutoffshort。
　　Itmustneedsundergosomeundulationsbeforeitreturnstoastateofrest，likeamountainsinkingintotheplain。TherearenoAlpswithouttheirJura，norPyreneeswithouttheAsturias。
　　ThispatheticcrisisofcontemporaryhistorywhichthememoryofParisianscalls"theepochoftheriots，"iscertainlyacharacteristichouramidthestormyhoursofthiscentury。
　　Alastword，beforeweenterontherecital。
　　Thefactswhichweareabouttorelatebelongtothatdramaticandlivingreality，whichthehistoriansometimesneglectsforlackoftimeandspace。There，nevertheless，weinsistuponit，islife，palpitation，humantremor。Pettydetails，aswethinkwehavealreadysaid，are，sotospeak，thefoliageofgreatevents，andarelostinthedistanceofhistory。Theepoch，surnamed"oftheriots，"aboundsindetailsofthisnature。
　　Judicialinquirieshavenotrevealed，andperhapshavenotsoundedthedepths，foranotherreasonthanhistory。Weshallthereforebringtolight，amongtheknownandpublishedpeculiarities，thingswhichhavenotheretoforebeenknown，aboutfactsoverwhichhavepassedtheforgetfulnessofsome，andthedeathofothers。
　　Themajorityoftheactorsinthesegiganticsceneshavedisappeared；
　　beginningwiththeverynextdaytheyheldtheirpeace；butofwhatweshallrelate，weshallbeabletosay:"Wehaveseenthis。"
　　Wealterafewnames，forhistoryrelatesanddoesnotinformagainst，butthedeedwhichweshallpaintwillbegenuine。Inaccordancewiththeconditionsofthebookwhichwearenowwriting，weshallshowonlyonesideandoneepisode，andcertainly，theleastknownatthat，ofthetwodays，the5thandthe6thofJune，1832，butweshalldoitinsuchwisethatthereadermaycatchaglimpse，beneaththegloomyveilwhichweareabouttolift，oftherealformofthisfrightfulpublicadventure。