Therewerenotabouthimatthattimeabovethreehundredhorseandfivethousandfoot；fortherestofhisarmy，whichwasleftbehindtheAlps，wastobebroughtafterhimbyofficerswhohadreceivedordersforthatpurpose。Buthethoughtthefirstmotiontowardsthedesignwhichhehadonfootdidnotrequirelargeforcesatpresent，andthatwhatwaswantedwastomakethisfirststepsuddenly，andsotoastoundhisenemieswiththeboldnessofit；asitwouldbeeasier，hethought，tothrowthemintoconsternationbydoingwhattheyneveranticipatedthanfairlytoconquerthem，ifhehadalarmedthembyhispreparations。Andthereforehecommandedhiscaptainsandotherofficerstogoonlywiththeirswordsintheirhands，withoutanyotherarms，andmakethemselvesmastersofAriminum，alargecityofGaul，withaslittledisturbanceandbloodshedaspossible。HecommittedthecareoftheseforcestoHortensius，andhimselfspentthedayinpublicasastander—byandspectatorofthegladiators，whoexercisedbeforehim。Alittlebeforenightheattendedtohisperson，andthenwentintothehall，andconversedforsometimewiththosebehadinvitedtosupper，tillitbegantogrowdusk，whenherosefromtableandmadehisexcusestothecompany，beggingthemtostaytillhecameback，havingalreadygivenprivatedirectionstoafewimmediatefriendsthattheyshouldfollowhim，notallthesameway，butsomeoneway，someanother。Hehimselfgotintooneofthehiredcarriages，anddroveatfirstanotherway，butpresentlyturnedtowardsAriminum。WhenhecametotheriverRubicon，whichpartsGaulwithintheAlpsfromtherestofItaly，histhoughtsbegantowork，nowhewasjustenteringuponthedanger，andhewaveredmuchinhismindwhenheconsideredthegreatnessoftheenterpriseintowhichhewasthrowinghimself。Hecheckedhiscourseandorderedahalt，whileherevolvedwithhimself，andoftenchangedhisopiniononewayandtheother，withoutspeakingaword。Thiswaswhenhispurposesfluctuatedmost；presentlyhealsodiscussedthematterwithhisfriendswhowereabouthim（ofwhichnumberAsiniusPolliowasone），computinghowmanycalamitieshispassingthatriverwouldbringuponmankind，andwhatarelationofitwouldbetransmittedtoposterity。Atlast，inasortofpassion，castingasidecalculation，andabandoninghimselftowhatmightcome，andusingtheproverbfrequentlyintheirmouthswhoenterupondangerousandboldattempts，"Thedieiscast，"withthesewordshetooktheriver。Onceover，heusedallexpeditionpossible，andbeforeitwasdayreachedAriminumandtookit。Itissaidthatthenightbeforehepassedtheriverhehadanimpiousdream，thathewasunnaturallyfamiliarwithhisownmother。
　　AssoonasAriminumwastaken，widegates，sotosay，werethrownopen，toletinwaruponeverylandalikeandsea，andwiththelimitsoftheprovince，theboundariesofthelawsweretransgressed。Norwouldonehavethoughtthat，asatothertimes，themeremenandwomenfledfromonetownofItalytoanotherintheirconsternation，butthattheverytownsthemselveslefttheirsitesandfledforsuccourtoeachother。ThecityofRomewasoverrun，asitwere，withadeluge，bytheconfluxofpeopleflyinginfromalltheneighbouringplaces。Magistratescouldnotlongergovern，northeeloquenceofanyoratorquietit；itwasallbutsufferingshipwreckbytheviolenceofitsowntempestuousagitation。Themostvehementcontrarypassionsandimpulseswereatworkeverywhere。Nordidthosewhorejoicedattheprospectofthechangealtogetherconcealtheirfeelings，butwhentheymet，asinsogreatacitytheyfrequentlymust，withthealarmedanddejectedoftheotherparty，theyprovokedquarrelsbytheirboldexpressionsofconfidenceintheevent。Pompey，sufficientlydisturbedofhimself，wasyetmoreperplexedbytheclamoursofothers；sometellinghimthathejustlysufferedforhavingarmedCaesaragainsthimselfandthegovernment；
　　othersblaminghimforpermittingCaesartobeinsolentlyusedbyLentulus，whenhemadesuchampleconcessions，andofferedsuchreasonableproposalstowardsanaccommodation。Favoniusbadehimnowstampupontheground；foroncetalkingbiginthesenate，hedesiredthemnottotroublethemselvesaboutmakinganypreparationsforthewar，forthathehimself，withonestampofhisfoot，wouldfillallItalywithsoldiers。YetstillPompeyatthattimehadmoreforcesthanCaesar；buthewasnotpermittedtopursuehisownthoughts，but，beingcontinuallydisturbedwithfalsereportsandalarms，asiftheenemywascloseuponhimandcarryingallbeforehim，hegavewayandlethimselfbebornedownbythegeneralcry。
　　Heputforthanedictdeclaringthecitytobeinastateofanarchy，andleftitwithordersthatthesenateshouldfollowhim，andthatnooneshouldstaybehindwhodidnotprefertyrannytotheircountryandliberty。
　　Theconsulsatoncefled，withoutmakingeventheusualsacrifices；sodidmostofthesenators，carryingofftheirowngoodsinasmuchhasteasiftheyhadbeenrobbingtheirneighbours。
　　Some，whohadformerlymuchfavouredCaesar’scause，intheprevailingalarmquittedtheirownsentiments，andwithoutanyprospectofgoodtothemselveswerecarriedalongbythecommonstream。Itwasamelancholythingtoseethecitytossedinthesetumults，likeashipgivenupbyherpilots，andlefttorun，aschanceguidesher，uponanyrockinherway。Yet，inspiteoftheirsadconditionpeoplestillesteemedtheplaceoftheirexiletobetheircountryforPompey’ssake，andfledfromRome，asifithadbeenCaesar’scamp。
　　Labienuseven，whohadbeenoneofCaesar’snearestfriends，andhislieutenant，andwhohadfoughtbyhimzealouslyintheGallicwars，nowdesertedhim，andwentovertoPompey。Caesarsentallhismoneyandequipageafterhim，andthensatdownbeforeCorfinium，whichwasgarrisonedwiththirtycohortsunderthecommandofDomitius。
　　He，indespairofmaintainingthedefence，requestedaphysician，whomhehadamonghisattendants，togivehimpoison；andtakingthedose，drankit，inhopesofbeingdespatchedbyit。Butsoonafter，whenhewastoldthatCaesarshowedtheutmostclemencytowardsthosehetookprisoners，helamentedhismisfortune，andblamedthehastinessofhisresolution。Hisphysicianconsoledhimbyinforminghimthathehadtakenasleepingdraught，notapoison；uponwhich，muchrejoiced，andrisingfromhisbed，hewentpresentlytoCaesarandgavehimthepledgeofhishand，yetafterwardsagainwentovertoPompey。ThereportoftheseactionsatRomequietedthosewhowerethere，andsomewhohadfledthencereturned。
　　CaesartookintohisarmyDomitius’ssoldiers，ashedidallthosewhomhefoundinanytownenlistedforPompey’sservice。Beingnowstrongandformidableenough，headvancedagainstPompeyhimself，whodidnotstaytoreceivehim，butfledtoBrundusium，havingsenttheconsulsbeforewithabodyoftroopstoDyrrhachium。Soonafter，uponCaesar’sapproach，hesettosea，asshallbemoreparticularlyrelatedinhisLife。Caesarwouldhaveimmediatelypursuedhim，butwantedshipping，andthereforewentbacktoRome，havingmadehimselfmasterofallItalywithoutbloodshedinthespaceofsixtydays。Whenhecamethither，hefoundthecitymorequietthanheexpected，andmanysenatorspresent，towhomheaddressedhimselfwithcourtesyanddeference，desiringthemtosendtoPompeyaboutanyreasonableaccommodationtowardsapeace。Butnobodycompliedwiththisproposal；whetheroutoffearofPompey，whomtheyhaddeserted，orthattheythoughtCaesardidnotmeanwhathesaid，butthoughtithisinteresttotalkplausibly。Afterwards，whenMetellus，thetribune，wouldhavehinderedhimfromtakingmoneyoutofthepublictreasure，andadducedsomelawsagainstit，Caesarrepliedthatarmsandlawshadeachtheirowntime；"IfwhatIdodispleasesyou，leavetheplace；warallowsnofreetalking。WhenI
　　havelaiddownmyarms，andmadepeace，comebackandmakewhatspeechesyouplease。Andthis，"headded，"Itellyouindiminutionofmyownjustright，asindeedyouandallotherswhohaveappearedagainstmeandarenowinmypowermaybetreatedasIplease。"HavingsaidthistoMetellus，hewenttothedoorsofthetreasury，andthekeysbeingnottobefound，sentforsmithstoforcethemopen。
　　Metellusagainmakingresistanceandsomeencouraginghiminit，Caesar，inaloudertone，toldhimhewouldputhimtodeathifhegavehimanyfurtherdisturbance。"Andthis，"saidhe，"youknow，youngman，ismoredisagreeableformetosaythantodo。"ThesewordsmadeMetelluswithdrawforfear，andobtainedspeedyexecutionhenceforthforallordersthatCaesargaveforprocuringnecessariesforthewar。
　　HewasnowproceedingtoSpain，withthedeterminationoffirstcrushingAfraniusandVarro，Pompey’slieutenants，andmakinghimselfmasterofthearmiesandprovincesunderthem，thathemightthenmoresecurelyadvanceagainstPompey，whenhehadnoenemyleftbehindhim。Inthisexpeditionhispersonwasoftenindangerfromambuscades，andhisarmybywantofprovisions，yethedidnotdesistfrompursuingtheenemy，provokingthemtofight，andhemmingthemwithhisfortifications，tillbymainforcehemadehimselfmasteroftheircampsandtheirforces。Onlythegeneralsgotoff，andfledtoPompey。
　　WhenCaesarcamebacktoRome，Piso，hisfather—in—law，advisedhimtosendmentoPompeytotreatofapeace；butIsauricus，toingratiatehimselfwithCaesar，spokeagainstit。Afterthis，beingcreateddictatorbythesenate，hecalledhometheexiles，andgavebacktheirrightsascitizenstothechildrenofthosewhohadsufferedunderSylla；herelievedthedebtorsbyanactremittingsomepartoftheinterestontheirdebts，andpassedsomeothermeasuresofthesamesort，butnotmany。Forwithinelevendaysheresignedhisdictatorship，andhavingdeclaredhimselfconsul，withServiliusIsauricus，hastenedagaintothewar。Hemarchedsofastthatheleftallhisarmybehindhim，exceptsixhundredchosenhorseandfivelegions，withwhichheputtoseaintheverymiddleofwinter，aboutthebeginningofthemonthofJanuary（whichcorrespondsprettynearlywiththeAthenianmonthPosideon），andhavingpassedtheIonianSea，tookOricumandApollonia，andthensentbacktheshipstoBrundusium，tobringoverthesoldierswhowereleftbehindinthemarch。They，whileyetonthemarch，theirbodiesnownolongerinthefullvigour，andtheythemselveswearywithsuchamultitudeofwars，couldnotbutexclaimagainstCaesar，"Whenatlast，andwhere，willthisCaesarletusbequiet？Hecarriesusfromplacetoplace，andusesusasifwewerenottobewornout，andhadnosenseoflabour。Evenourironitselfisspentbyblows，andweoughttohavesomepityonourbucklers，andbreastplates，whichhavebeenusedsolong。Ourwounds，ifnothingelse，shouldmakehimseethatwearemortalmenwhomhecommands，subjecttothesamepainsandsufferingsasotherhumanbeings。Theverygodsthemselvescannotforcethewinterseason，orhinderthestormsintheirtime；
　　yethepushesforward，asifhewerenotpursuing，butflyingfromanenemy。"SotheytalkedastheymarchedleisurelytowardsBrundusium。Butwhentheycamethither，andfoundCaesargoneoffbeforethem，theirfeelingschanged，andtheyblamedthemselvesastraitorstotheirgeneral。Theynowrailedattheirofficersformarchingsoslowly，andplacingthemselvesontheheightsoverlookingtheseatowardsEpirus，theykeptwatchtoseeiftheycouldespythevesselswhichweretotransportthemtoCaesar。
　　HeinthemeantimewaspostedinApollonia，buthadnotanarmywithhimabletofighttheenemy，theforcesfromBrundusiumbeingsolongincoming，whichputhimtogreatsuspenseandembarrassmentwhattodo。Atlastheresolveduponamosthazardousexperiment，andembarked，withoutanyone’sknowledge，inaboatoftwelveoars，tocrossovertoBrundusium，thoughtheseawasatthattimecoveredwithavastfleetoftheenemies。Hegotonboardinthenight—time，inthedressofaslave，andthrowinghimselfdownlikeapersonofnoconsequencelayalongatthebottomofthevessel。TheriverAniuswastocarrythemdowntosea，andthereusedtoblowagentlegaleeverymorningfromtheland，whichmadeitcalmatthemouthoftheriver，bydrivingthewavesforward；butthisnighttherehadblownastrongwindfromthesea，whichoverpoweredthatfromtheland，sothatwheretherivermettheinfluxoftheseawaterandtheoppositionofthewavesitwasextremelyroughandangry；andthecurrentwasbeatenbackwithsuchaviolentswellthatthemasteroftheboatcouldnotmakegoodhispassage，butorderedhissailorstotackaboutandreturn。Caesar，uponthis，discovershimself，andtakingthemanbythehand，whowassurprisedtoseehimthere，said，"Goon，myfriend，andfearnothing；youcarryCaesarandhisfortuneinyourboat。"Themariners，whentheyheardthat，forgotthestorm，andlayingalltheirstrengthtotheiroars，didwhattheycouldtoforcetheirwaydowntheriver。Butwhenitwastonopurpose，andthevesselnowtookinmuchwater，Caesarfindinghimselfinsuchdangerintheverymouthoftheriver，muchagainsthiswillpermittedthemastertoturnback。Whenhewascometoland，hissoldiersrantohiminamultitude，reproachinghimforwhathehaddone，andindignantthatheshouldthinkhimselfnotstrongenoughtogetavictorybytheirsoleassistance，butmustdisturbhimself，andexposehislifeforthosewhowereabsent，asifhecouldnottrustthosewhowerewithhim。
　　Afterthis，AntonycameoverwiththeforcesfromBrundusium，whichencouragedCaesartogivePompeybattle，thoughhewasencampedveryadvantageously，andfurnishedwithplentyofprovisionsbothbyseaandland，whilsthehimselfwasatthebeginningbutillsupplied，andbeforetheendwasextremelypinchedforwantofnecessaries，sothathissoldierswereforcedtodigupakindofrootwhichgrewthere，andtemperingitwithmilk，tofeedonit。Sometimestheymadeakindofbreadofit，andadvancinguptotheenemy’soutposts，wouldthrowintheseloaves，tellingthem，thataslongastheearthproducedsuchrootstheywouldnotgiveupblockadingPompey。ButPompeytookwhatcarehecouldthatneithertheloavesnorthewordsshouldreachhismen，whowereoutofheartanddespondentthroughterroratthefiercenessandhardihoodoftheirenemies，whomtheylookeduponasasortofwildbeasts。TherewerecontinualskirmishesaboutPompey’soutworks，inallwhichCaesarhadthebetter，exceptone，whenhismenwereforcedtoflyinsuchamannerthathehadliketohavelosthiscamp。ForPompeymadesuchavigoroussallyonthemthatnotamanstoodhisground；thetrencheswerefilledwiththeslaughter，manyfellupontheirownrampartsandbulwarks，whithertheyweredriveninflightbytheenemy。Caesarmetthemandwouldhaveturnedthemback，butcouldnot。
　　Whenhewenttolayholdoftheensigns，thosewhocarriedthemthrewthemdown，sothattheenemytookthirty—twoofthem。Hehimselfnarrowlyescaped；fortakingholdofoneofhissoldiers，abigandstrongman，thatwasflyingbyhim，hebadehimstandandfaceabout；butthefellow，fullofapprehensionsfromthedangerhewasin，laidholdofhissword，asifhewouldstrikeCaesar，butCaesar’sarmour—bearercutoffhisarm。Caesar’saffairsweresodesperateatthattimethatwhenPompey，eitherthroughover—cautiousnessorhisillfortune，didnotgivethefinishingstroketothatgreatsuccess，butretreatedafterhehaddriventheroutedenemywithintheircamp，Caesar，uponseeinghiswithdrawal，saidtohisfriends，"Thevictoryto—dayhadbeenontheenemies’sideiftheyhadhadageneralwhoknewhowtogainit。"Whenhewasretiredintohistent，helaidhimselfdowntosleep，butspentthatnightasmiserableaseverhedidany，inperplexityandconsiderationwithhimself，comingtotheconclusionthathehadconductedthewaramiss。Forwhenhehadafertilecountrybeforehim，andallthewealthycitiesofMacedoniaandThessaly，hehadneglectedtocarrythewarthither，andhadsatdownbytheseaside，wherehisenemieshadsuchapowerfulfleet，sothathewasinfactratherbesiegedbythewantofnecessaries，thanbesiegingotherswithhisarms。Beingthusdistractedinhisthoughtswiththeviewofthedifficultyanddistresshewasin，heraisedhiscamp，withtheintentionofadvancingtowardsScipio，wholayinMacedonia；hopingeithertoenticePompeyintoacountrywhereheshouldfightwithouttheadvantagehenowhadofsuppliesfromthesea，ortooverpowerScipioifnotassisted。
　　ThissetallPompey’sarmyandofficersonfiretohastenandpursueCaesar，whomtheyconcludedtobebeatenandflying。ButPompeywasafraidtohazardabattleonwhichsomuchdepended，andbeinghimselfprovidedwithallnecessariesforanylengthoftime，thoughttotireoutandwastethevigourofCaesar’sarmy，whichcouldnotlastlong。Forthebestpartofhismen，thoughtheyhadgreatexperience，andshowedanirresistiblecourageinallengagements，yetbytheirfrequentmarches，changingtheircamps，attackingfortifications，andkeepinglongnight—watches，weregettingwornoutandbroken；theybeingnowold，theirbodieslessfitforlabour，andtheircourage，also，beginningtogivewaywiththefailureoftheirstrength。Besides，itwassaidthataninfectiousdisease，occasionedbytheirirregulardiet，wasprevailinginCaesar’sarmy，andwhatwasofgreatestmoment，hewasneitherfurnishedwithmoneynorprovisions，sothatinalittletimehemustneedsfallofhimself。
　　ForthesereasonsPompeyhadnomindtofighthim，butwasthankedforitbynonebutCato，whorejoicedattheprospectofsparinghisfellow—citizens。Forhe，whenhesawthedeadbodiesofthosewhohadfalleninthelastbattleonCaesar’sside，tothenumberofathousand，turnedaway，coveredhisface，andshedtears。ButeveryoneelseupbraidedPompeyforbeingreluctanttofight，andtriedtogoadhimonbysuchnicknamesasAgamemnon，andkingofkings，asifhewereinnohurrytolaydownhissovereignauthority，butwaspleasedtoseesomanycommandersattendingonhim，andpayingtheirattendanceathistent。Favonius，whoaffectedCato’sfreewayofspeakinghismind，complainedbitterlythattheyshouldeatnofigseventhisyearatTusculum，becauseofPompey’sloveofcommand。
　　Afranius，whowaslatelyreturnedoutofSpain，and，onaccountofhisillsuccessthere，labouredunderthesuspicionofhavingbeenbribedtobetraythearmy，askedwhytheydidnotfightthispurchaserofprovinces。Pompeywasdriven，againsthisownwill，bythiskindoflanguage，intoofferingbattle，andproceededtofollowCaesar。Caesarhadfoundgreatdifficultiesinhismarch，fornocountrywouldsupplyhimwithprovisions，hisreputationbeingverymuchfallensincehislatedefeat。ButafterhetookGomphi，atownofThessaly，henotonlyfoundprovisionsforhisarmy，butphysictoo。Fortheretheymetwithplentyofwine，whichtheytookveryfreely，andheatedwiththis，sportingandrevellingontheirmarchinbacchanalianfashion，theyshookoffthedisease，andtheirwholeconstitutionwasrelievedandchangedintoanotherhabit。
　　WhenthetwoarmieswerecomeintoPharsalia，andbothencampedthere，Pompey’sthoughtsranthesamewayastheyhaddonebefore，againstfighting，andthemorebecauseofsomeunluckypresages，andavisionhehadinadream。Butthosewhowereabouthimweresoconfidentofsuccess，thatDomitius，andSpinther，andScipio，asiftheyhadalreadyconquered，quarrelledwhichshouldsucceedCaesarinthepontificate。AndmanysenttoRometotakehousesfittoaccommodateconsulsandpraetors，asbeingsureofenteringuponthoseofficesassoonasthebattlewasover。Thecavalryespeciallywereobstinateforfighting，beingsplendidlyarmedandbravelymounted，andvaluingthemselvesuponthefinehorsestheykept，andupontheirownhandsomepersons；asalsoupontheadvantageoftheirnumbers，fortheywerefivethousandagainstonethousandofCaesar’s。
　　Norwerethenumbersoftheinfantrylessdisproportionate，therebeingforty—fivethousandofPompey’sagainsttwenty—twothousandoftheenemy。
　　Caesar，collectinghissoldierstogether，toldthemthatCorfiniuswascominguptothemwithtwolegions，andthatfifteencohortsmoreunderCalenuswerepostedatandAthens；hethenaskedhimwhethertheywouldstaytillthesejoinedthem，orwouldhazardthebattlebythemselves。Theyallcriedouttohimnottowait，butonthecontrarytodowhateverhecouldtobringaboutanengagementassoonaspossible。Whenhesacrificedtothegodsforthelustrationofhisarmy，uponthedeathofthefirstvictim，theaugurtoldhim，withinthreedaysheshouldcometoadecisiveaction。Caesaraskedhimwhetherhesawanythingintheentrailswhichpromisedahappyevent。"That，"saidthepriest，"youcanbestansweryourself；forthegodssignifyagreatalterationfromthepresentpostureofaffairs。
　　If，therefore，youthinkyourselfwelloffnow，expectworsefortune；ifunhappy，hopeforbetter。"Thenightbeforethebattle，ashewalkedtheroundsaboutmidnight，therewasalightseenintheheavens，verybrightandflaming，whichseemedtopassoverCaesar’scampandfallintoPompey’s。AndwhenCaesar’ssoldierscametorelievethewatchinthemorning，theyperceivedapanicdisorderamongtheenemies。However，hedidnotexpecttofightthatday，butsetaboutraisinghiscampwiththeintentionofmarchingtowardsScotussa。
　　Butwhenthetentswerenowtakendown，hisscoutsrodeuptohim，andtoldhimtheenemywouldgivehimbattle。Withthisnewshewasextremelypleased，andhavingperformedhisdevotionstothegods，sethisarmyinbattlearray，dividingthemintothreebodies。OverthemiddlemostheplacedDomitiusCalvinus；Antonycommandedtheleftwing，andhehimselftheright，beingresolvedtofightattheheadofthetenthlegion。Butwhenhesawtheenemy’scavalrytakingpositionagainsthim，beingstruckwiththeirfineappearanceandtheirnumber，hegaveprivateordersthatsixcohortsfromtherearofthearmyshouldcomeandjoinhim，whomhepostedbehindtherightwing，andinstructedthemwhattheyshoulddowhentheenemy’shorsecametocharge。Ontheotherside，Pompeycommandedtherightwing，Domitiustheleft，andScipio，Pompey’sfather—in—law，thecentre。Thewholeweightofthecavalrywascollectedontheleftwing，withtheintentthattheyshouldoutflanktherightwingoftheenemy，androutthatpartwherethegeneralhimselfcommanded。Fortheythoughtnophalanxofinfantrycouldbesolidenoughtosustainsuchashock，butthattheymustnecessarilybebrokenandshatteredalltopiecesupontheonsetofsoimmenseaforceofcavalry。Whentheywerereadyonbothsidestogivethesignalforbattle，Pompeycommandedhisfoot，whowereinthefront，tostandtheirground，andwithoutbreakingtheirorder，receive，qui...剩余内容请长按扫描二维码或下载丁香书院APP继续免费看：

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