BK10CH15
　　CHAPTERXV
　　OnreceivingcommandofthearmiesKutuzovrememberedPrinceAndrewandsentanorderforhimtoreportatheadquarters。
　　PrinceAndrewarrivedatTsarevo—ZaymishcheontheverydayandattheveryhourthatKutuzovwasreviewingthetroopsforthefirsttime。Hestoppedinthevillageatthepriest’shouseinfrontofwhichstoodthecommanderinchief’scarriage，andhesatdownonthebenchatthegateawaitinghisSereneHighness，aseveryonenowcalledKutuzov。Fromthefieldbeyondthevillagecamenowsoundsofregimentalmusicandnowtheroarofmanyvoicesshouting"Hurrah！"tothenewcommanderinchief。Twoorderlies，acourierandamajor—domo，stoodnearby，sometenpacesfromPrinceAndrew，availingthemselvesofKutuzov’sabsenceandofthefineweather。Ashort，swarthylieutenantcolonelofhussarswiththickmustachesandwhiskersrodeuptothegateand，glancingatPrinceAndrew，inquiredwhetherhisSereneHighnesswasputtingupthereandwhetherhewouldsoonbeback。
　　PrinceAndrewrepliedthathewasnotonhisSereneHighness’
　　staffbutwashimselfanewarrival。Thelieutenantcolonelturnedtoasmartorderly，who，withthepeculiarcontemptwithwhichacommanderinchief’sorderlyspeakstoofficers，replied：
　　"What？HisSereneHighness？Iexpecthe’llbeheresoon。Whatdoyouwant？"
　　Thelieutenantcolonelofhussarssmiledbeneathhismustacheattheorderly’stone，dismounted，gavehishorsetoadispatchrunner，andapproachedBolkonskiwithaslightbow。Bolkonskimaderoomforhimonthebenchandthelieutenantcolonelsatdownbesidehim。
　　"You’realsowaitingforthecommanderinchief？"saidhe。"Theysayheweceivesevewyone，thankGod！……It’sawfulwiththosesausageeaters！ErmolovhadweasontoasktobepwomotedtobeaGerman！Nowp’wapsWussianswillgetalookin。Asitwas，devilonlyknowswhatwashappening。Wekeptwetweatingandwetweating。Didyoutakepartinthecampaign？"heasked。
　　"Ihadthepleasure，"repliedPrinceAndrew，"notonlyoftakingpartintheretreatbutoflosinginthatretreatallIhelddear—nottomentiontheestateandhomeofmybirth—myfather，whodiedofgrief。IbelongtotheprovinceofSmolensk。"
　　"Ah？You’rePwinceBolkonski？Vewygladtomakeyouracquaintance！
　　I’mLieutenantColonelDenisov，betterknownas’Vaska，’"saidDenisov，pressingPrinceAndrew’shandandlookingintohisfacewithaparticularlykindlyattention。"Yes，Iheard，"saidhesympathetically，andafterashortpauseadded："Yes，it’sScythianwarfare。It’sallvewywell—onlynotforthosewhogetitintheneck。SoyouarePwinceAndwewBolkonski？"Heswayedhishead。"Vewypleased，Pwince，tomakeyouracquaintance！"herepeatedagain，smilingsadly，andheagainpressedPrinceAndrew’shand。
　　PrinceAndrewknewDenisovfromwhatNatashahadtoldhimofherfirstsuitor。Thismemorycarriedhimsadlyandsweetlybacktothosepainfulfeelingsofwhichhehadnotthoughtlately，butwhichstillfoundplaceinhissoul。Oflatehehadreceivedsomanynewandveryseriousimpressions—suchastheretreatfromSmolensk，hisvisittoBaldHills，andtherecentnewsofhisfather’sdeath—andhadexperiencedsomanyemotions，thatforalongtimepastthosememorieshadnotenteredhismind，andnowthattheydid，theydidnotactonhimwithnearlytheirformerstrength。ForDenisov，too，thememoriesawakenedbythenameofBolkonskibelongedtoadistant，romanticpast，whenaftersupperandafterNatasha’ssinginghehadproposedtoalittlegirloffifteenwithoutrealizingwhathewasdoing。HesmiledattherecollectionofthattimeandofhisloveforNatasha，andpassedatoncetowhatnowinterestedhimpassionatelyandexclusively。Thiswasaplanofcampaignhehaddevisedwhileservingattheoutpostsduringtheretreat。HehadproposedthatplantoBarclaydeTollyandnowwishedtoproposeittoKutuzov。TheplanwasbasedonthefactthattheFrenchlineofoperationwastoextended，anditproposedthatinsteadof，orconcurrentlywith，actiononthefronttobartheadvanceoftheFrench，weshouldattacktheirlineofcommunication。HebeganexplaininghisplantoPrinceAndrew。
　　"Theycan’tholdallthatline。It’simpossible。Iwillundertaketobweakthwough。GivemefivehundwedmenandIwillbweaktheline，that’scertain！There’sonlyoneway—guewillawarfare！"
　　DenisovroseandbegangesticulatingasheexplainedhisplantoBolkonski。Inthemidstofhisexplanationshoutswereheardfromthearmy，growingmoreincoherentandmorediffused，minglingwithmusicandsongsandcomingfromthefieldwherethereviewwasheld。
　　Soundsofhoofsandshoutswerenearingthevillage。
　　"He’scoming！He’scoming！"shoutedaCossackstandingatthegate。
　　BolkonskiandDenisovmovedtothegate，atwhichaknotofsoldiersaguardofhonorwasstanding，andtheysawKutuzovcomingdownthestreetmountedonarathersmallsorrelhorse。Ahugesuiteofgeneralsrodebehindhim。Barclaywasridingalmostbesidehim，andacrowdofofficersranafterandaroundthemshouting，"Hurrah！"
　　Hisadjutantsgallopedintotheyardbeforehim。Kutuzovwasimpatientlyurgingonhishorse，whichambledsmoothlyunderhisweight，andheraisedhishandtohiswhiteHorseGuard’scapwitharedbandandnopeak，noddinghisheadcontinually。Whenhecameuptotheguardofhonor，afinesetofGrenadiersmostlywearingdecorations，whoweregivinghimthesalute，helookedatthemsilentlyandattentivelyfornearlyaminutewiththesteadygazeofacommanderandthenturnedtothecrowdofgeneralsandofficerssurroundinghim。Suddenlyhisfaceassumedasubtleexpression，heshruggedhisshoulderswithanairofperplexity。
　　"Andwithsuchfinefellowstoretreatandretreat！Well，good—by，General，"headded，androdeintotheyardpastPrinceAndrewandDenisov。
　　"Hurrah！hurrah！hurrah！"shoutedthosebehindhim。
　　SincePrinceAndrewhadlastseenhimKutuzovhadgrownstillmorecorpulent，flaccid，andfat。Butthebleachedeyeball，thescar，andthefamiliarwearinessofhisexpressionwerestillthesame。HewaswearingthewhiteHorseGuard’scapandamilitaryovercoatwithawhiphangingoverhisshoulderbyathinstrap。Hesatheavilyandswayedlimplyonhisbrisklittlehorse。
　　"Whew……whew……whew！"hewhistledjustaudiblyasherodeintotheyard。Hisfaceexpressedthereliefofrelaxedstrainfeltbyamanwhomeanstorestafteraceremony。Hedrewhisleftfootoutofthestirrupand，lurchingwithhiswholebodyandpuckeringhisfacewiththeeffort，raiseditwithdifficultyontothesaddle，leanedonhisknee，groaned，andslippeddownintothearmsoftheCossacksandadjutantswhostoodreadytoassisthim。
　　Hepulledhimselftogether，lookedround，screwinguphiseyes，glancedatPrinceAndrew，and，evidentlynotrecognizinghim，movedwithhiswaddlinggaittotheporch。"Whew……whew……whew！"hewhistled，andagainglancedatPrinceAndrew。Asoftenoccurswitholdmen，itwasonlyaftersomesecondsthattheimpressionproducedbyPrinceAndrew’sfacelinkeditselfupwithKutuzov’sremembranceofhispersonality。
　　"Ah，howdoyoudo，mydearprince？Howdoyoudo，mydearboy？Comealong……"saidhe，glancingwearilyround，andhesteppedontotheporchwhichcreakedunderhisweight。
　　Heunbuttonedhiscoatandsatdownonabenchintheporch。
　　"Andhow’syourfather？"
　　"Ireceivednewsofhisdeath，yesterday，"repliedPrinceAndrewabruptly。
　　Kutuzovlookedathimwitheyeswideopenwithdismayandthentookoffhiscapandcrossedhimself：
　　"MaythekingdomofHeavenbehis！God’swillbedonetousall！"Hesigheddeeply，hiswholechestheaving，andwassilentforawhile。"I
　　lovedhimandrespectedhim，andsympathizewithyouwithallmyheart。"
　　HeembracedPrinceAndrew，pressinghimtohisfatbreast，andforsometimedidnotlethimgo。WhenhereleasedhimPrinceAndrewsawthatKutuzov’sflabbylipsweretremblingandthattearswereinhiseyes。Hesighedandpressedonthebenchwithbothhandstoraisehimself。
　　"Come！Comewithme，we’llhaveatalk，"saidhe。
　　ButatthatmomentDenisov，nomoreintimidatedbyhissuperiorsthanbytheenemy，camewithjinglingspursupthestepsoftheporch，despitetheangrywhispersoftheadjutantswhotriedtostophim。
　　Kutuzov，hishandsstillpressedontheseat，glancedathimglumly。
　　Denisov，havinggivenhisname，announcedthathehadtocommunicatetohisSereneHighnessamatterofgreatimportancefortheircountry’swelfare。Kutuzovlookedwearilyathimand，liftinghishandswithagestureofannoyance，foldedthemacrosshisstomach，repeatingthewords："Forourcountry’swelfare？Well，whatisit？
　　Speak！"Denisovblushedlikeagirlitwasstrangetoseethecolorriseinthatshaggy，bibulous，time—wornfaceandboldlybegantoexpoundhisplanofcuttingtheenemy’slinesofcommunicationbetweenSmolenskandVyazma。Denisovcamefromthosepartsandknewthecountrywell。Hisplanseemeddecidedlyagoodone，especiallyfromthestrengthofconvictionwithwhichhespoke。Kutuzovlookeddownathisownlegs，occasionallyglancingatthedooroftheadjoininghutasifexpectingsomethingunpleasanttoemergefromit。Andfromthathut，whileDenisovwasspeaking，ageneralwithaportfoliounderhisarmreallydidappear。
　　"What？"saidKutuzov，inthemidstofDenisov’sexplanations，"areyoureadysosoon？"
　　"Ready，yourSereneHighness，"repliedthegeneral。
　　Kutuzovswayedhishead，asmuchastosay："Howisonemantodealwithitall？"andagainlistenedtoDenisov。
　　"IgivemywordofhonorasaWussianofficer，"saidDenisov，"thatIcanbweakNapoleon’slineofcommunication！"
　　"WhatrelationareyoutoIntendantGeneralKirilAndreevichDenisov？"askedKutuzov，interruptinghim。
　　"Heismyuncle，yourSeweneHighness。"
　　"Ah，wewerefriends，"saidKutuzovcheerfully。"Allright，allright，friend，stayhereatthestaffandtomorrowwe’llhaveatalk。"
　　WithanodtoDenisovheturnedawayandputouthishandforthepapersKonovnitsynhadbroughthim。
　　"WouldnotyourSereneHighnessliketocomeinside？"saidthegeneralondutyinadiscontentedvoice，"theplansmustbeexaminedandseveralpapershavetobesigned。"
　　Anadjutantcameoutandannouncedthateverythingwasinreadinesswithin。ButKutuzovevidentlydidnotwishtoenterthatroomtillhewasdisengaged。Hemadeagrimace……
　　"No，tellthemtobringasmalltableouthere，mydearboy。I’lllookatthemhere，"saidhe。"Don’tgoaway，"headded，turningtoPrinceAndrew，whoremainedintheporchandlistenedtothegeneral’sreport。
　　Whilethiswasbeinggiven，PrinceAndrewheardthewhisperofawoman’svoiceandtherustleofasilkdressbehindthedoor。
　　Severaltimesonglancingthatwayhenoticedbehindthatdooraplump，rosy，handsomewomaninapinkdresswithalilacsilkkerchiefonherhead，holdingadishandevidentlyawaitingtheentranceofthecommanderinchief。Kutiizov’sadjutantwhisperedtoPrinceAndrewthatthiswasthewifeofthepriestwhosehomeitwas，andthatsheintendedtoofferhisSereneHighnessbreadandsalt。"HerhusbandhaswelcomedhisSereneHighnesswiththecrossatthechurch，andsheintendstowelcomehiminthehouse……She’sverypretty，"addedtheadjutantwithasmile。AtthosewordsKutuzovlookedround。Hewaslisteningtothegeneral’sreport—whichconsistedchieflyofacriticismofthepositionatTsarevo—Zaymishche—ashehadlistenedtoDenisov，andsevenyearspreviouslyhadlistenedtothediscussionattheAusterlitzcouncilofwar。Heevidentlylistenedonlybecausehehadearswhich，thoughtherewasapieceoftowinoneofthem，couldnothelphearing；butitwasevidentthatnothingthegeneralcouldsaywouldsurpriseoreveninteresthim，thatheknewallthatwouldbesaidbeforehand，andhearditallonlybecausehehadto，asonehastolistentothechantingofaserviceofprayer。AllthatDenisovhadsaidwascleverandtothepoint。Whatthegeneralwassayingwasevenmorecleverandtothepoint，butitwasevidentthatKutuzovdespisedknowledgeandcleverness，andknewofsomethingelsethatwoulddecidethematter—somethingindependentofclever。nessandknowledge。PrinceAndrewwatchedthecommanderinchief’sfaceattentively，andtheonlyexpressionhecouldseetherewasoneofboredom，curiosityastothemeaningofthefemininewhisperingbehindthedoor，andadesiretoobservepropriety。ItwasevidentthatKutuzovdespisedclevernessandlearningandeventhepatrioticfeelingshownbyDenisov，butdespisedthemnotbecauseofhisownintellect，feelings，orknowledge—hedidnottrytodisplayanyofthese—butbecauseofsomethingelse。Hedespisedthembecauseofhisoldageandexperienceoflife。TheonlyinstructionKutuzovgaveofhisownaccordduringthatreportreferredtolootingbytheRussiantroops。Attheendofthereportthegeneralputbeforehimforsignatureapaperrelatingtotherecoveryofpaymentfromarmycommandersforgreenoatsmowndownbythesoldiers，whenlandownerslodgedpetitionsforcompensation。
　　Afterhearingthematter，Kutuzovsmackedhislipstogetherandshookhishead。
　　"Intothestove……intothefirewithit！Itellyouonceforall，mydearfellow，"saidhe，"intothefirewithallsuchthings！Letthemcutthecropsandburnwoodtotheirhearts’content。Idon’torderitorallowit，butIdon’texactcompensationeither。Onecan’tgetonwithoutit。’Whenwoodischoppedthechipswillfly。’"Helookedatthepaperagain。"Oh，thisGermanprecision！"hemuttered，shakinghishead。
　　BK10CH16
　　CHAPTERXVI
　　"Well，that’sall！"saidKutuzovashesignedthelastofthedocuments，andrisingheavilyandsmoothingoutthefoldsinhisfatwhiteneckhemovedtowardthedoorwithamorecheerfulexpression。
　　Thepriest’swife，flushingrosyred，caughtupthedishshehadafterallnotmanagedtopresentattherightmoment，thoughshehadsolongbeenpreparingforit，andwithalowbowofferedittoKutuzov。
　　Hescreweduphiseyes，smiled，liftedherchinwithhishand，andsaid：
　　"Ah，whatabeauty！Thankyou，sweetheart！"
　　Hetooksomegoldpiecesfromhistrouserpocketandputthemonthedishforher。"Well，mydear，andhowarewegettingon？"heasked，movingtothedooroftheroomassignedtohim。Thepriest’swifesmiled，andwithdimplesinherrosycheeksfollowedhimintotheroom。TheadjutantcameouttotheporchandaskedPrinceAndrewtolunchwithhim。HalfanhourlaterPrinceAndrewwasagaincalledtoKutuzov。Hefoundhimreclininginanarmchair，stillinthesameunbuttonedovercoat。HehadinhishandaFrenchbookwhichheclosedasPrinceAndrewentered，markingtheplacewithaknife。
　　PrinceAndrewsawbythecoverthatitwasLesChevaliersduCygnebyMadamedeGenlis。
　　"Well，sitdown，sitdownhere。Let’shaveatalk，"saidKutuzov。
　　"It’ssad，verysad。Butremember，mydearfellow，thatIamafathertoyou，asecondfather……"
　　PrinceAndrewtoldKutuzovallheknewofhisfather’sdeath，andwhathehadseenatBaldHillswhenhepassedthroughit。
　　"What……whattheyhavebroughtusto！"Kutuzovsuddenlycriedinanagitatedvoice，evidentlypicturingvividlytohimselffromPrinceAndrew’sstorytheconditionRussiawasin。"Butgivemetime，givemetime！"hesaidwithagrimlook，evidentlynotwishingtocontinuethisagitatingconversation，andadded："Isentforyoutokeepyouwithme。"
　　"IthankyourSereneHighness，butIfearIamlongerfitforthestaff，"repliedPrinceAndrewwithasmilewhichKutuzovnoticed。
　　Kutuzovglancedinquiringlyathim。
　　"Butaboveall，"addedPrinceAndrew，"Ihavegrownusedtomyregiment，amfondoftheofficers，andIfancythemenalsolikeme。I
　　shouldbesorrytoleavetheregiment。IfIdeclinethehonorofbeingwithyou，believeme……"
　　Ashrewd，kindly，yetsubtlyderisiveexpressionlitupKutuzov’spodgyface。HecutBolkonskishort。
　　"Iamsorry，forIneedyou。Butyou’reright，you’reright！It’snotherethatmenareneeded。Advisersarealwaysplentiful，butmenarenot。Theregimentswouldnotbewhattheyareifthewould—beadvisersservedthereasyoudo。IrememberyouatAusterlitz……I
　　remember，yes，Irememberyouwiththestandard！"saidKutuzov，andaflushofpleasuresuffusedPrinceAndrew’sfaceatthisrecollection。
　　Takinghishandanddrawinghimdownwards，Kutuzovofferedhischeektobekissed，andagainPrinceAndrewnoticedtearsintheoldman’seyes。ThoughPrinceAndrewknewthatKutuzov’stearscameeasily，andthathewasparticularlytendertoandconsiderateofhimfromawishtoshowsympathywithhisloss，yetthisreminderofAusterlitzwasbothpleasantandflatteringtohim。
　　"GoyourwayandGodbewithyou。Iknowyourpathisthepathofhonor！"Hepaused。"ImissedyouatBucharest，butIneededsomeonetosend。"Andchangingthesubject，KutuzovbegantospeakoftheTurkishwarandthepeacethathadbeenconcluded。"Yes，Ihavebeenmuchblamed，"hesaid，"bothforthatwarandthepeace……buteverythingcameattherighttime。Toutvientapointaceluiquisaitattendre。*
　　Andtherewereasmanyadvisersthereashere……"hewenton，returningtothesubjectof"advisers"whichevidentlyoccupiedhim。
　　"Ah，thoseadvisers！"saidhe。"IfwehadlistenedtothemallweshouldnothavemadepeacewithTurkeyandshouldnothavebeenthroughwiththatwar。Everythinginhaste，butmorehaste，lessspeed。Kamenskiwouldhavebeenlostifhehadnotdied。Hestormedfortresseswiththirtythousandmen。Itisnotdifficulttocaptureafortressbutitisdifficulttowinacampaign。Forthat，stormingandattackingbutpatienceandtimearewanted。KamenskisentsoldierstoRustchuk，butIonlyemployedthesetwothingsandtookmorefortressesthanKamenskiandmadethebuteathorseflesh！"Heswayedhishead。"AndtheFrenchshalltoo，believeme，"hewenton，growingwarmerandbeatinghischest，"I’llmakethemeathorseflesh！"
　　Andtearsagaindimmedhiseyes。
　　*"Everythingcomesintimetohimwhoknowshowtowait。"
　　"Butshan’twehavetoacceptbattle？"remarkedPrinceAndrew。
　　"Weshallifeverybodywantsit；itcan’tbehelped……Butbelieveme，mydearboy，thereisnothingstrongerthanthosetwo：
　　patienceandtime，theywilldoitall。Buttheadvisersn’entendentpasdecetteoreille，voilalemal。*Somewantathing—othersdon’t。What’sonetodo？"heasked，evidentlyexpectingananswer。
　　"Well，whatdoyouwantustodo？"herepeatedandhiseyeshonewithadeep，shrewdlook。"I’lltellyouwhattodo，"hecontinued，asPrinceAndrewstilldidnotreply："Iwilltellyouwhattodo，andwhatIdo。Dansledoute，moncher，"hepaused，"abstiens—toi"*[2]—hearticulatedtheFrenchproverbdeliberately。
　　*"Don’tseeitthatway，that’sthetrouble。"
　　*[2]"Whenindoubt，mydearfellow，donothing。"
　　"Well，good—by，mydearfellow；rememberthatwithallmyheartI
　　shareyoursorrow，andthatforyouIamnotaSereneHighness，noraprince，noracommanderinchief，butafather！Ifyouwantanythingcomestraighttome。Good—by，mydearboy。"
　　AgainheembracedandkissedPrinceAndrew，butbeforethelatterhadlefttheroomKutuzovgaveasighofreliefandwentonwithhisunfinishednovel，LesChevaliersduCygnebyMadamedeGenlis。
　　PrinceAndrewcouldnothaveexplainedhoworwhyitwas，butafterthatinterviewwithKutuzovhewentbacktohisregimentreassuredastothegeneralcourseofaffairsandastothemantowhomithadbeenentrusted。Themoreherealizedtheabsenceofallpersonalmotiveinthatoldman—inwhomthereseemedtoremainonlythehabitofpassions，andinplaceofanintellectgroupingeventsanddrawingconclusionsonlythecapacitycalmlytocontemplatethecourseofevents—themorereassuredhewasthateverythingwouldbeasitshould。"Hewillnotbringinanyplanofhisown。Hewillnotdeviseorundertakeanything，"thoughtPrinceAndrew，"buthewillheareverything，remembereverything，andputeverythinginitsplace。
　　Hewillnothinderanythingusefulnorallowanythingharmful。Heunderstandsthatthereissomethingstrongerandmoreimportantthanhisownwill—theinevitablecourseofevents，andhecanseethemandgrasptheirsignificance，andseeingthatsignificancecanrefrainfrommeddlingandrenouncehispersonalwishdirectedtosomethingelse。Andaboveall，"thoughtPrinceAndrew，"onebelievesinhimbecausehe’sRussian，despitethenovelbyGenlisandtheFrenchproverbs，andbecausehisvoiceshookwhenhesaid：’Whattheyhavebroughtusto！’andhadasobinitwhenhesaidhewould’makethemeathorseflesh！’"
　　Onsuchfeelings，moreorlessdimlysharedbyall，theunanimityandgeneralapprovalwerefoundedwithwhich，despitecourtinfluences，thepopularchoiceofKutuzovascommanderinchiefwasreceived。
　　BK10CH17
　　CHAPTERXVII
　　AftertheEmperorhadleftMoscow，lifeflowedonthereinitsusualcourse，anditscoursewassoveryusualthatitwasdifficulttoremembertherecentdaysofpatrioticelationandardor，hardtobelievethatRussiawasreallyindangerandthatthemembersoftheEnglishClubwerealsosonsoftheFatherlandreadytosacrificeeverythingforit。TheonethingthatrecalledthepatrioticfervoreveryonehaddisplayedduringtheEmperor’sstaywasthecallforcontributionsofmenandmoney，anecessitythatassoonasthepromiseshadbeenmadeassumedalegal，officialformandbecameunavoidable。
　　Withtheenemy’sapproachtoMoscow，theMoscovites’viewoftheirsituationdidnotgrowmoreseriousbutonthecontrarybecameevenmorefrivolous，asalwayshappenswithpeoplewhoseeagreatdangerapproaching。Attheapproachofdangertherearealwaystwovoicesthatspeakwithequalpowerinthehumansoul：oneveryreasonablytellsamantoconsiderthenatureofthedangerandthemeansofescapingit；theother，stillmorereasonably，saysthatitistoodepressingandpainfultothinkofthedanger，sinceitisnotinman’spowertoforeseeeverythingandavertthegeneralcourseofevents，anditisthereforebettertodisregardwhatispainfultillitcomes，andtothinkaboutwhatispleasant。Insolitudeamangenerallylistenstothefirstvoice，butinsocietytothesecond。SoitwasnowwiththeinhabitantsofMoscow。ItwaslongsincepeoplehadbeenasgayinMoscowasthatyear。
　　Rostopchin’sbroadsheets，headedbywoodcutsofadrinkshop，apotman，andaMoscowburghercalledKarpushkaChigirin，"who—havingbeenamilitiamanandhavinghadrathertoomuchatthepub—heardthatNapoleonwishedtocometoMoscow，grewangry，abusedtheFrenchinverybadlanguage，cameoutofthedrinkshop，and，underthesignoftheeagle，begantoaddresstheassembledpeople，"werereadanddiscussed，togetherwiththelatestofVasiliLvovichPushkin’sboutsrimes。
　　InthecornerroomattheClub，membersgatheredtoreadthesebroadsheets，andsomelikedthewayKarpushkajeeredattheFrench，saying："TheywillswellupwithRussiancabbage，burstwithourbuckwheatporridge，andchokethemselveswithcabbagesoup。Theyarealldwarfsandonepeasantwomanwilltossthreeofthemwithahayfork。"Othersdidnotlikethattoneandsaiditwasstupidandvulgar。ItwassaidthatRostopchinhadexpelledallFrenchmenandevenallforeignersfromMoscow，andthattherehadbeensomespiesandagentsofNapoleonamongthem；butthiswastoldchieflytointroduceRostopchin’swittyremarkonthatoccasion。TheforeignersweredeportedtoNizhnibyboat，andRostopchinhadsaidtotheminFrench："Rentrezenvousmemes；entrezdanslabarque，etn’enfaitespasunebarquedeCharon。"*TherewastalkofallthegovernmentofficeshavingbeenalreadyremovedfromMoscow，andtothisShinshin’switticismwasadded—thatforthataloneMoscowoughttobegratefultoNapoleon。ItwassaidthatMamonov’sregimentwouldcosthimeighthundredthousandrubles，andthatBezukhovhadspentevenmoreonhis，butthatthebestthingaboutBezukhov’sactionwasthathehimselfwasgoingtodonauniformandrideattheheadofhisregimentwithoutcharginganythingfortheshow。
　　*"Thinkitover；getintothebarque，andtakecarenottomakeitabarqueofCharon。"
　　"Youdon’tspareanyone，"saidJulieDrubetskayaasshecollectedandpressedtogetherabunchofraveledlintwithherthin，beringedfingers。
　　JuliewaspreparingtoleaveMoscownextdayandwasgivingafarewellsoiree。
　　"Bezukhovestridicule，butheissokindandgood—natured。Whatpleasureistheretobesocaustique？"
　　"Aforfeit！"criedayoungmaninmilitiauniformwhomJuliecalled"monchevalier，"andwhowasgoingwithhertoNizhni。
　　InJulie’sset，asinmanyothercirclesinMoscow，ithadbeenagreedthattheywouldspeaknothingbutRussianandthatthosewhomadeaslipandspokeFrenchshouldpayfinestotheCommitteeofVoluntaryContributions。
　　"AnotherforfeitforaGallicism，"saidaRussianwriterwhowaspresent。"’Whatpleasureistheretobe’isnotRussian！"
　　"Yousparenoone，"continuedJulietotheyoungmanwithoutheedingtheauthor’sremark。
　　"Forcaustique—Iamguiltyandwillpay，andIampreparedtopayagainforthepleasureoftellingyouthetruth。ForGallicismsI
　　won’tberesponsible，"sheremarked，turningtotheauthor："Ihaveneitherthemoneynorthetime，likePrinceGalitsyn，toengageamastertoteachmeRussian！"
　　"Ah，hereheis！"sheadded。"Quandon……No，no，"shesaidtothemilitiaofficer，"youwon’tcatchme。Speakofthesunandyouseeitsrays！"andshesmiledamiablyatPierre。"Wewerejusttalkingofyou，"shesaidwiththefacilityinlyingnaturaltoasocietywoman。"WeweresayingthatyourregimentwouldbesuretobebetterthanMamonov’s。"
　　"Oh，don’ttalktomeofmyregiment，"repliedPierre，kissinghishostess’handandtakingaseatbesideher。"Iamsosickofit。"
　　"Youwill，ofcourse，commandityourself？"saidJulie，directingasly，sarcasticglancetowardthemilitiaofficer。
　　ThelatterinPierre’spresencehadceasedtobecaustic，andhisfaceexpressedperplexityastowhatJulie’ssmilemightmean。Inspiteofhisabsent—mindednessandgoodnature，Pierre’spersonalityimmediatelycheckedanyattempttoridiculehimtohisface。
　　"No，"saidPierre，withalaughingglanceathisbig，stoutbody。"I
　　shouldmaketoogoodatargetfortheFrench，besidesIamafraidI
　　shouldhardlybeabletoclimbontoahorse。"
　　AmongthosewhomJulie’sguestshappenedtochoosetogossipaboutweretheRostovs。
　　"Ihearthattheiraffairsareinaverybadway，"saidJulie。
　　"Andheissounreasonable，thecounthimselfImean。TheRazumovskiswantedtobuyhishouseandhisestatenearMoscow，butitdragsonandon。Heaskstoomuch。"
　　"No，Ithinkthesalewillcomeoffinafewdays，"saidsomeone。
　　"ThoughitismadnesstobuyanythinginMoscownow。"
　　"Why？"askedJulie。"Youdon’tthinkMoscowisindanger？"
　　"Thenwhyareyouleaving？"
　　"I？Whataquestion！Iamgoingbecause……well，becauseeveryoneisgoing：andbesides—IamnotJoanofArcoranAmazon。"
　　"Well，ofcourse，ofcourse！Letmehavesomemorestripsoflinen。"
　　"Ifhemanagesthebusinessproperlyhewillbeabletopayoffallhisdebts，"saidthemilitiaofficer，speakingofRostov。
　　"Akindlyoldmanbutnotuptomuch。AndwhydotheystayonsolonginMoscow？Theymeanttoleaveforthecountrylongago。
　　Natalieisquitewellagainnow，isn’tshe？"JulieaskedPierrewithaknowingsmile。
　　"Theyarewaitingfortheiryoungerson，"Pierrereplied。"HejoinedObolenski’sCossacksandwenttoBelayaTserkovwheretheregimentisbeingformed。Butnowtheyhavehadhimtransferredtomyregimentandareexpectinghimeveryday。Thecountwantedtoleavelongago，butthecountesswon’tonanyaccountleaveMoscowtillhersonreturns。"
　　"ImetthemthedaybeforeyesterdayattheArkharovs’。Nataliehasrecoveredherlooksandisbrighter。Shesangasong。Howeasilysomepeoplegetovereverything！"
　　"Getoverwhat？"inquiredPierre，lookingdispleased。
　　Juliesmiled。
　　"Youknow，Count，suchknightsasyouareonlyfoundinMadamedeSouza’snovels。"
　　"Whatknights？Whatdoyoumean？"demandedPierre，blushing。
　　"Oh，come，mydearcount！C’estlafabledetoutMoscou。Jevousadmire，maparoled’honneur！"*
　　*"ItisthetalkofallMoscow。Myword，Iadmireyou！"
　　"Forfeit，forfeit！"criedthemilitiaofficer。
　　"Allright，onecan’ttalk—howtiresome！"
　　"Whatis’thetalkofallMoscow’？"Pierreaskedangrily，risingtohisfeet。
　　"Comenow，Count，youknow！"
　　"Idon’tknowanythingaboutit，"saidPierre。
　　"IknowyouwerefriendlywithNatalie，andso……butIwasalwaysmorefriendlywithVera—thatdearVera。"
　　"No，madame！"Pierrecontinuedinatoneofdispleasure，"IhavenottakenonmyselftheroleofNatalieRostova’sknightatall，andhavenotbeentheirhousefornearlyamonth。ButIcannotunderstandthecruelty……"
　　"Quis’excuses’accuse，"*saidJulie，smilingandwavingthelinttriumphantly，andtohavethelastwordshepromptlychangedthesubject。"DoyouknowwhatIheardtoday？PoorMaryBolkonskayaarrivedinMoscowyesterday。Doyouknowthatshehaslostherfather？"
　　*"Whoexcuseshimself，accuseshimself。"
　　"Really？Whereisshe？Ishouldlikeverymuchtoseeher，"saidPierre。
　　"Ispenttheeveningwithheryesterday。SheisgoingtotheirestatenearMoscoweithertodayortomorrowmorning，withhernephew。"
　　"Well，andhowisshe？"askedPierre。
　　"Sheiswell，butsad。Butdoyouknowwhorescuedher？Itisquitearomance。NicholasRostov！Shewassurrounded，andtheywantedtokillherandhadwoundedsomeofherpeople。Herushedinandsavedher……"
　　"Anotherromance，"saidthemilitiaofficer。"Really，thisgeneralflighthasbeenarrangedtogetalltheoldmaidsmarriedoff。CaticheisoneandPrincessBolkonskayaanother。"
　　"Doyouknow，Ireallybelievesheisunpetitpeuamoureusedujeunehomme。"*
　　*"Alittlebitinlovewiththeyoungman。"
　　"Forfeit，forfeit，forfeit！"
　　"ButhowcouldonesaythatinRussian？"
　　BK10CH18
　　CHAPTERXVIII
　　WhenPierrereturnedhomehewashandedtwoofRostopchin’sbroadsheetsthathadbeenbroughtthatday。
　　ThefirstdeclaredthatthereportthatCountRostopchinhadforbiddenpeopletoleaveMoscowwasfalse；onthecontraryhewasgladthatladiesandtradesmen’swiveswereleavingthecity。"Therewillbelesspanicandlessgossip，"ranthebroadsheet"butIwillstakemylifeonitthatthatwillnotenterMoscow。"ThesewordsshowedPierreclearlyforthefirsttimethattheFrenchwouldenterMoscow。ThesecondbroadsheetstatedthatourheadquarterswereatVyazma，thatCountWittgensteinhaddefeatedtheFrench，butthatasmanyoftheinhabitantsofMoscowwishedtobearmed，weaponswerereadyforthematthearsenal：sabers，pistols，andmusketswhichcouldbehadatalowprice。ThetoneoftheproclamationwasnotasjocoseasintheformerChigirintalks。Pierreponderedoverthesebroadsheets。Evidentlytheterriblestormcloudhehaddesiredwiththewholestrengthofhissoulbutwhichyetarousedinvoluntaryhorrorinhimwasdrawingnear。
　　"ShallIjointhearmyandentertheservice，orwait？"heaskedhimselfforthehundredthtime。Hetookapackofcardsthatlayonthetableandbegantolaythemoutforagameofpatience。
　　"Ifthispatiencecomesout，"hesaidtohimselfaftershufflingthecards，holdingtheminhishand，andliftinghishead，"ifitcomesout，itmeans……whatdoesitmean？"
　　Hehadnotdecidedwhatitshouldmeanwhenheheardthevoiceoftheeldestprincessatthedooraskingwhethershemightcomein。
　　"ThenitwillmeanthatImustgotothearmy，"saidPierretohimself。"Comein，comein！"headdedtotheprincess。
　　Onlytheeldestprincess，theonewiththestonyfaceandlongwaist，wasstilllivinginPierre’shouse。Thetwoyoungeroneshadbothmarried。
　　"Excusemycomingtoyou，cousin，"shesaidinareproachfulandagitatedvoice。"Youknowsomedecisionmustbecometo。Whatisgoingtohappen？EveryonehasleftMoscowandthepeoplearerioting。Howisitthatwearestayingon？"
　　"Onthecontrary，thingsseemsatisfactory，macousine，"saidPierreinthebanteringtonehehabituallyadoptedtowardher，alwaysfeelinguncomfortableintheroleofherbenefactor。
　　"Satisfactory，indeed！Verysatisfactory！BarbaraIvanovnatoldmetodayhowourtroopsaredistinguishingthemselves。Itcertainlydoesthemcredit！Andthepeopletooarequitemutinous—theynolongerobey，evenmymaidhastakentobeingrude。Atthisratetheywillsoonbeginbeatingus。Onecan’twalkinthestreets。But，aboveall，theFrenchwillbehereanydaynow，sowhatarewewaitingfor？Iaskjustonethingofyou，cousin，"shewenton，"arrangeformetobetakentoPetersburg。WhateverImaybe，Ican’tliveunderBonaparte’srule。"
　　"Oh，come，macousine！Wheredoyougetyourinformationfrom？Onthecontrary……"
　　"Iwon’tsubmittoyourNapoleon！Othersmayiftheyplease……Ifyoudon’twanttodothis……"
　　"ButIwill，I’llgivetheorderatonce。"
　　Theprincesswasapparentlyvexedatnothavinganyonetobeangrywith。Mutteringtoherself，shesatdownonachair。
　　"Butyouhavebeenmisinformed，"saidPierre。"Everythingisquietinthecityandthereisnottheslightestdanger。See！I’vejustbeenreading……"Heshowedherthebroadsheet。"CountRostopchinwritesthathewillstakehislifeonitthattheenemywillnotenterMoscow。"
　　"Oh，thatcountofyours！"saidtheprincessmalevolently。"Heisahypocrite，arascalwhohashimselfrousedthepeopletoriot。
　　Didn’thewriteinthoseidioticbroadsheetsthatanyone，’whoeveritmightbe，shouldbedraggedtothelockupbyhishair’？Howsilly！’Andhonorandglorytowhoevercaptureshim，’hesays。Thisiswhathiscajoleryhasbroughtusto！BarbaraIvanovnatoldmethemobnearkilledherbecauseshesaidsomethinginFrench。"
　　"Oh，butit’sso……Youtakeeverythingsotoheart，"saidPierre，andbeganlayingouthiscardsforpatience。
　　Althoughthatpatiencedidcomeout，Pierredidnotjointhearmy，butremainedindesertedMoscoweverinthesamestateofagitation，irresolution，andalarm，yetatthesametimejoyfullyexpectingsomethingterrible。
　　Nextdaytowardeveningtheprincesssetoff，andPierre’sheadstewardcametoinformhimthatthemoneyneededfortheequipmentofhisregimentcouldnotbefoundwithoutsellingoneoftheestates。
　　IngeneraltheheadstewardmadeouttoPierrethathisprojectofraisingaregimentwouldruinhim。Pierrelistenedtohim，scarcelyabletorepressasmile。
　　"Wellthen，sellit，"saidhe。"What’stobedone？Ican’tdrawbacknow！"
　　Theworseeverythingbecame，especiallyhisownaffairs，thebetterwasPierrepleasedandthemoreevidentwasitthatthecatastropheheexpectedwasapproaching。Hardlyanyoneheknewwasleftintown。Juliehadgone，andsohadPrincessMary。OfhisintimatefriendsonlytheRostovsremained，buthedidnotgotoseethem。
　　TodistracthisthoughtshedrovethatdaytothevillageofVorontsovotoseethegreatballoonLeppichwasconstructingtodestroythefoe，andatrialballoonthatwastogoupnextday。Theballoonwasnotyetready，butPierrelearnedthatitwasbeingconstructedbytheEmperor’sdesire。TheEmperorhadwrittentoCountRostopchinasfollows：
　　AssoonasLeppichisready，gettogetheracrewofreliableandintelligentmenforhiscarandsendacouriertoGeneralKutuzovtolethimknow。Ihaveinformedhimofthematter。
　　PleaseimpressuponLeppichtobeverycarefulwherehedescendsforthefirsttime，thathemaynotmakeamistakeandfallintotheenemy’shands。Itisessentialforhimtocombinehismovementswiththoseofthecommanderinchief。
　　OnhiswayhomefromVorontsovo，ashewaspassingtheBolotnoePlacePierre，seeingalargecrowdroundtheLobnoePlace，stoppedandgotoutofhistrap。AFrenchcookaccusedofbeingaspywasbeingflogged。Thefloggingwasonlyjustover，andtheexecutionerwasreleasingfromthefloggingbenchastoutmanwithredwhiskers，inbluestockingsandagreenjacket，whowasmoaningpiteously。
　　Anothercriminal，thinandpale，stoodnear。JudgingbytheirfacestheywerebothFrenchmen。WithafrightenedandsufferinglookresemblingthatonthethinFrenchman’sface，Pierrepushedhiswayinthroughthecrowd。
　　"Whatisit？Whoisit？Whatisitfor？"hekeptasking。
　　Buttheattentionofthecrowd—officials，burghers，shopkeepers，peasants，andwomenincloaksandinpelisses—wassoeagerlycenteredonwhatwaspassinginLobnoePlacethatnooneansweredhim。Thestoutmanrose，frowned，shruggedhisshoulders，andevidentlytryingtoappearfirmbegantopullonhisjacketwithoutlookingabouthim，butsuddenlyhislipstrembledandhebegantocry，inthewayfull—bloodedgrown—upmencry，thoughangrywithhimselffordoingso。Inthecrowdpeoplebegantalkingloudly，tostifletheirfeelingsofpityasitseemedtoPierre。
　　"He’scooktosomeprince。"
　　"Eh，mounseer，RussiansauceseemstobesourtoaFrenchman……setshisteethonedge！"saidawrinkledclerkwhowasstandingbehindPierre，whentheFrenchmanbegantocry。
　　Theclerkglancedround，evidentlyhopingthathisjokewouldbeappreciated。Somepeoplebegantolaugh，otherscontinuedtowatchindismaytheexecutionerwhowasundressingtheotherman。
　　Pierrechoked，hisfacepuckered，andheturnedhastilyaway，wentbacktohistrapmutteringsomethingtohimselfashewent，andtookhisseat。Astheydrovealongheshudderedandexclaimedseveraltimessoaudiblythatthecoachmanaskedhim：
　　"Whatisyourpleasure？"
　　"Whereareyougoing？"shoutedPierretotheman，whowasdrivingtoLubyankaStreet。
　　"TotheGovernor’s，asyouordered，"answeredthecoachman。
　　"Fool！Idiot！"shoutedPierre，abusinghiscoachman—athingherarelydid。"Home，Itoldyou！Anddrivefaster，blockhead！""Imustgetawaythisveryday，"hemurmuredtohimself。
　　AtthesightofthetorturedFrenchmanandthecrowdsurroundingtheLobnoePlace，PierrehadsodefinitelymadeuphismindthathecouldnolongerremaininMoscowandwouldleaveforthearmythatverydaythatitseemedtohimthateitherhehadtoldthecoachmanthisorthatthemanoughttohaveknownitforhimself。
　　OnreachinghomePierregaveorderstoEvstafey—hisheadcoachmanwhokneweverything，coulddoanything，andwasknowntoallMoscow—
　　thathewouldleavethatnightforthearmyatMozhaysk，andthathissaddlehorsesshouldbesentthere。Thiscouldnotallbearrangedthatday，soonEvstafey’srepresentationPierrehadtoputoffhisdeparturetillnextdaytoallowtimefortherelayhorsestobesentoninadvance。
　　Onthetwenty—fourththeweatherclearedupafteraspellofrain，andafterdinnerPierreleftMoscow。WhenchanginghorsesthatnightinPerkhushkovo，helearnedthattherehadbeenagreatbattlethatevening。ThiswasthebattleofShevardino。HewastoldthatthereinPerkhushkovotheearthtrembledfromthefiring，butnobodycouldanswerhisquestionsastowhohadwon。AtdawnnextdayPierrewasapproachingMozhaysk。
　　EveryhouseinMozhayskhadsoldiersquarteredinit，andatthehostelwherePierrewasmetbyhisgroomandcoachmantherewasnoroomtobehad。Itwasfullofofficers。
　　EverywhereinMozhayskandbeyondit，troopswerestationedoronthemarch。Cossacks，footandhorsesoldiers，wagons，caissons，andcannonwereeverywhere。Pierrepushedforwardasfastashecould，andthefartherheleftMoscowbehindandthedeeperheplungedintothatseaoftroopsthemorewasheovercomebyrestlessagitationandanewandjoyfulfeelinghehadnotexperiencedbefore。ItwasafeelingakintowhathehadfeltattheSlobodaPalaceduringtheEmperor’svisit—asenseofthenecessityofundertakingsomethingandsacrificingsomething。Henowexperiencedagladconsciousnessthateverythingthatconstitutesmen’shappiness—thecomfortsoflife，wealth，evenlifeitself—isrubbishitispleasanttothrowaway，comparedwithsomething……Withwhat？Pierrecouldnotsay，andhedidnottrytodetermineforwhomandforwhathefeltsuchparticulardelightinsacrificingeverything。Hewasnotoccupiedwiththequestionofwhattosacrificefor；thefactofsacrificinginitselfaffordedhimanewandjoyoussensation。
　　BK10CH19
　　CHAPTERXIX
　　Onthetwenty—fourthofAugustthebattleoftheShevardinoRedoubtwasfought，onthetwenty—fifthnotashotwasfiredbyeitherside，andonthetwenty—sixththebattleofBorodinoitselftookplace。
　　WhyandhowwerethebattlesofShevardinoandBorodinogivenandaccepted？WhywasthebattleofBorodinofought？TherewasnottheleastsenseinitforeithertheFrenchortheRussians。ItsimmediateresultfortheRussianswas，andwasboundtobe，thatwewerebroughtnearertothedestructionofMoscow—whichwefearedmorethananythingintheworld；andfortheFrenchitsimmediateresultwasthattheywerebroughtnearertothedestructionoftheirwholearmy—whichtheyfearedmorethananythingintheworld。Whattheresultmustbewasquiteobvious，andyetNapoleonofferedandKutuzovacceptedthatbattle。
　　Ifthecommandershadbeenguidedbyreason，itwouldseemthatitmusthavebeenobvioustoNapoleonthatbyadvancingthirteenhundredmilesandgivingbattlewithaprobabilityoflosingaquarterofhisarmy，hewasadvancingtocertaindestruction，anditmusthavebeenequallycleartoKutuzovthatbyacceptingbattleandriskingthelossofaquarterofhisarmyhewouldcertainlyloseMoscow。ForKutuzovthiswasmathematicallyclear，asitisthatifwhenplayingdraughtsIhaveonemanlessandgoonexchanging，Ishallcertainlylose，andthereforeshouldnotexchange。WhenmyopponenthassixteenmenandIhavefourteen，Iamonlyoneeighthweakerthanhe，butwhenIhaveexchangedthirteenmoremenhewillbethreetimesasstrongasIam。
　　BeforethebattleofBorodinoourstrengthinproportiontotheFrenchwasaboutasfivetosix，butafterthatbattleitwaslittlemorethanonetotwo：previouslywehadahundredthousandagainstahundredandtwentythousand；afterwardslittlemorethanfiftythousandagainstahundredthousand。YettheshrewdandexperiencedKutuzovacceptedthebattle，whileNapoleon，whowassaidtobeacommanderofgenius，gaveit，losingaquarterofhisarmyandlengtheninghislinesofcommunicationstillmore。IfitissaidthatheexpectedtoendthecampaignbyoccupyingMoscowashehadendedapreviouscampaignbyoccupyingVienna，thereismuchevidencetothecontrary。Napoleon’shistoriansthemselvestellusthatfromSmolenskonwardshewishedtostop，knewthedangerofhisextendedposition，andknewthattheoccupationofMoscowwouldnotbetheendofthecampaign，forhehadseenatSmolenskthestateinwhichRussiantownswerelefttohim，andhadnotreceivedasinglereplytohisrepeatedannouncementsofhiswishtonegotiate。
　　IngivingandacceptingbattleatBorodino，Kutuzovactedinvoluntarilyandirrationally。Butlateron，tofitwhathadoccurred，thehistoriansprovidedcunninglydevisedevidenceoftheforesightandgeniusthegeneralswho，ofalltheblindtoolsofhistorywerethemostenslavedandinvoluntary。
　　Theancientshaveleftusmodelheroicpoemsinwhichtheheroesfurnishthewholeinterestofthestory，andwearestillunabletoaccustomourselvestothefactthatforourepochhistoriesofthatkindaremeaningless。
　　Ontheotherquestion，howthebattleofBorodinoandtheprecedingbattleofShevardinowerefought，therealsoexistsadefiniteandwell—known，butquitefalse，conception。Allthehistoriansdescribetheaffairasfollows：
　　TheRussianarmy，theysay，initsretreatfromSmolensksoughtoutforitselfthebestpositionforageneralengagementandfoundsuchapositionatBorodino。
　　TheRussians，theysay，fortifiedthispositioninadvanceontheleftofthehighroadfromMoscowtoSmolenskandalmostatarightangletoit，fromBorodinotoUtitsa，attheveryplacewherethebattlewasfought。
　　Infrontofthisposition，theysay，afortifiedoutpostwassetupontheShevardinomoundtoobservetheenemy。Onthetwenty—fourth，wearetold，Napoleonattackedthisadvancedpostandtookit，and，onthetwenty—sixth，attackedthewholeRussianarmy，whichwasinpositiononthefieldofBorodino。
　　Sothehistoriessay，anditisallquitewrong，asanyonewhocarestolookintothemattercaneasilyconvincehimself。
　　TheRussiansdidnotseekoutthebestpositionbut，onthecontrary，duringtheretreatpassedmanypositionsbetterthanBorodino。TheydidnotstopatanyoneofthesepositionsbecauseKutuzovdidnotwishtooccupyapositionhehadnothimselfchosen，becausethepopulardemandforabattlehadnotyetexpresseditselfstronglyenough，andbecauseMiloradovichhadnotyetarrivedwiththemilitia，andformanyotherreasons。Thefactisthatotherpositionstheyhadpassedwerestronger，andthatthepositionatBorodinotheonewherethebattlewasfought，farfrombeingstrong，wasnomoreapositionthananyotherspotonemightfindintheRussianEmpirebystickingapinintothemapathazard。
　　NotonlydidtheRussiansnotfortifythepositiononthefieldofBorodinototheleftof，andatarightangleto，thehighroadthatis，thepositiononwhichthebattletookplace，butnevertillthetwenty—fifthofAugust，1812，didtheythinkthatabattlemightbefoughtthere。Thiswasshownfirstbythefactthattherewerenoentrenchmentstherebythetwentyfifthandthatthosebegunonthetwenty—fifthandtwenty—sixthwerenotcompleted，andsecondly，bythepositionoftheShevardinoRedoubt。Thatredoubtwasquitesenselessinfrontofthepositionwherethebattlewasaccepted。Whywasitmorestronglyfortifiedthananyotherpost？Andwhywerealleffortsexhaustedandsixthousandmensacrificedtodefendittilllateatnightonthetwenty—fourth？ACossackpatrolwouldhavesufficedtoobservetheenemy。Thirdly，asproofthatthepositiononwhichthebattlewasfoughthadnotbeenforeseenandthattheShevardinoRedoubtwasnotanadvancedpostofthatposition，wehavethefactthatuptothetwenty—fifth，BarclaydeTollyandBagrationwereconvincedthattheShevardinoRedoubtwastheleftflankoftheposition，andthatKutuzovhimselfinhisreport，writteninhothasteafterthebattle，speaksoftheShevardinoRedoubtastheleftflankoftheposition。Itwasmuchlater，whenreportsonthebattleofBorodinowerewrittenatleisure，thattheincorrectandextraordinarystatementwasinventedprobablytojustifythemistakesofacommanderinchiefwhohadtoberepresentedasinfallible
　　thattheShevardinoRedoubtwasanadvancedpost—whereasinrealityitwassimplyafortifiedpointontheleftflank—andthatthebattleofBorodinowasfoughtbyusonanentrenchedpositionpreviouslyselected，whereasitwasfoughtonaquiteunexpectedspotwhichwasalmostunentrenched。
　　Thecasewasevidentlythis：apositionwasselectedalongtheriverKolocha—whichcrossesthehighroadnotatarightanglebutatanacuteangle—sothattheleftflankwasatShevardino，therightflanknearthevillageofNovoe，andthecenteratBorodinoattheconfluenceoftheriversKolochaandVoyna。
　　ToanyonewholooksatthefieldofBorodinowithoutthinkingofhowthebattlewasactuallyfought，thisposition，protectedbytheriverKolocha，presentsitselfasobviousforanarmywhoseobjectwastopreventanenemyfromadvancingalongtheSmolenskroadtoMoscow。
　　Napoleon，ridingtoValuevoonthetwenty—fourth，didnotseeasthehistorybookssayhedidthepositionoftheRussiansfromUtitsatoBorodinohecouldnothaveseenthatpositionbecauseitdidnotexist，nordidheseeanadvancedpostoftheRussianarmy，butwhilepursuingtheRussianrearguardhecameupontheleftflankoftheRussianposition—attheShevardinoRedoubt—andunexpectedlyfortheRussiansmovedhisarmyacrosstheKolocha。AndtheRussians，nothavingtimetobeginageneralengagement，withdrewtheirleftwingfromthepositiontheyhadintendedtooccupyandtookupanewpositionwhichhadnotbeenforeseenandwasnotfortified。BycrossingtotheothersideoftheKolochatotheleftofthehighroad，NapoleonshiftedthewholeforthcomingbattlefromrighttoleftlookingfromtheRussiansideandtransferredittotheplainbetweenUtitsa，Semenovsk，andBorodino—aplainnomoreadvantageousasapositionthananyotherplaininRussia—andtherethewholebattleofthetwenty—sixthofAugusttookplace。
　　HadNapoleonnotriddenoutontheeveningofthetwenty—fourthtotheKolocha，andhadhenotthenorderedanimmediateattackontheredoubtbuthadbeguntheattacknextmorning，noonewouldhavedoubtedthattheShevardinoRedoubtwastheleftflankofourandthebattlewouldhavetakenplacewhereweexpectedit。InthatcaseweshouldprobablyhavedefendedtheShevardinoRedoubt—ourleftflank—stillmoreobstinately。WeshouldhaveattackedNapoleoninthecenterorontheright，andtheengagementwouldhavetakenplaceonthetwenty—fifth，inthepositionweintendedandhadfortified。Butastheattackonourleftflanktookplaceintheeveningaftertheretreatofourreaguardthatis，immediatelyafterthefightatGridneva，andastheRussiancommandersdidnotwish，orwerenotintime，tobeginageneralengagementthenontheeveningofthetwenty—fourth，thefirstandchiefactionofthebattleofBorodinowasalreadylostonthetwenty—fourth，andobviouslyledtothelossoftheonefoughtonthetwenty—sixth。
　　AfterthelossoftheShevardinoRedoubt，wefoundourselvesonthemorningofthetwenty—fifthwithoutapositionforourleftflank，andwereforcedtobenditbackandhastilyentrenchitwhereitchancedtobe。
　　NotonlywastheRussianarmyonthetwenty—sixthdefendedbyweak，unfinishedentrenchments，butthedisadvantageofthatpositionwasincreasedbythefactthattheRussiancommanders—nothavingfullyrealizedwhathadhappened，namelythelossofourpositionontheleftflankandtheshiftingofthewholefieldoftheforthcomingbattlefromrighttoleft—maintainedtheirextendedpositionfromthevillageofNovoetoUtitsa，andconsequentlyhadtomovetheirforcesfromrighttoleftduringthebattle。SoithappenedthatthroughoutthewholebattletheRussiansopposedtheentireFrencharmylaunchedagainstourleftflankwithbuthalfasmanymen。Poniatowski’sactionagainstUtitsa，andUvarov’sontherightflankagainsttheFrench，wereactionsdistinctfromthemaincourseofthebattle。SothebattleofBorodinodidnottakeplaceatallasinanefforttoconcealourcommanders’mistakesevenatthecostofdiminishingthegloryduetotheRussianarmyandpeopleithasbeendescribed。ThebattleofBorodinowasnotfoughtonachosenandentrenchedpositionwithforcesonlyslightlyweakerthanthoseoftheenemy，but，asaresultofthelossoftheShevardinoRedoubt，theRussiansfoughtthebattleofBorodinoonanopenandalmostunentrenchedposition，withforcesonlyhalfasnumerousastheFrench；thatistosay，underconditionsinwhichitwasnotmerelyunthinkabletofightfortenhoursandsecureanindecisiveresult，butunthinkabletokeepanarmyevenfromcompletedisintegrationandflight。
　　BK10CH20
　　CHAPTERXX
　　Onthemorningofthetwenty—fifthPierrewasleavingMozhaysk。Atthedescentofthehighsteephill，downwhichawindingroadledoutofthetownpastthecathedralontheright，whereaservicewasbeingheldandthebellswereringing，Pierregotoutofhisvehicleandproceededonfoot。Behindhimacavalryregimentwascomingdownthehillprecededbyitssingers。Cominguptowardhimwasatrainofcartscarryingmenwhohadbeenwoundedintheengagementthedaybefore。Thepeasantdrivers，shoutingandlashingtheirhorses，keptcrossingfromsidetoside。Thecarts，ineachofwhichthreeorfourwoundedsoldierswerelyingorsitting，joltedoverthestonesthathadbeenthrownonthesteepinclinetomakeitsomethinglikearoad。Thewounded，bandagedwithrags，withpalecheeks，compressedlips，andknittedbrows，heldontothesidesofthecartsastheywerejoltedagainstoneanother。Almostallofthemstaredwithnaive，childlikecuriosityatPierre’swhitehatandgreenswallow—tailcoat。
　　Pierre’scoachmanshoutedangrilyattheconvoyofwoundedtokeeptoonesideoftheroad。Thecavalryregiment，asitdescendedthehillwithitssingers，surroundedPierre’scarriageandblockedtheroad。Pierrestopped，beingpressedagainstthesideofthecuttinginwhichtheroadran。Thesunshinefrombehindthehilldidnotpenetrateintothecuttingandthereitwascoldanddamp，butabovePierre’sheadwasthebrightAugustsunshineandthebellssoundedmerrily。OneofthecartswithwoundedstoppedbythesideoftheroadclosetoPierre。Thedriverinhisbastshoesranpantinguptoit，placedastoneunderoneofitstirelesshindwheels，andbeganarrangingthebreech—bandonhislittlehorse。
　　Oneofthewounded，anoldsoldierwithabandagedarmwhowasfollowingthecartonfoot，caughtholdofitwithhissoundhandandturnedtolookatPierre。
　　"Isay，fellowcountryman！WilltheysetusdownhereortakeusontoMoscow？"heasked。
　　Pierrewassodeepinthoughtthathedidnothearthequestion。
　　Hewaslookingnowatthecavalryregimentthathadmettheconvoyofwounded，nowatthecartbywhichhewasstanding，inwhichtwowoundedmenweresittingandonewaslying。Oneofthosesittingupinthecarthadprobablybeenwoundedinthecheek。Hiswholeheadwaswrappedinragsandonecheekwasswollentothesizeofababy’shead。Hisnoseandmouthweretwistedtooneside。Thissoldierwaslookingatthecathedralandcrossinghimself。Another，ayounglad，afair—hairedrecruitaswhiteasthoughtherewasnobloodinhisthinface，lookedatPierrekindly，withafixedsmile。Thethirdlaypronesothathisfacewasnotvisible。Thecavalrysingerswerepassingcloseby：
　　Ahlost，quitelost……ismyheadsokeen，Livinginaforeignland。
　　theysangtheirsoldiers’dancesong。
　　Asifrespondingtothembutwithadifferentsortofmerriment，themetallicsoundofthebellsreverberatedhighaboveandthehotraysofthesunbathedthetopoftheoppositeslopewithyetanothersortofmerriment。Butbeneaththeslope，bythecartwiththewoundednearthepantinglittlenagwherePierrestood，itwasdamp，somber，andsad。
　　Thesoldierwiththeswollencheeklookedangrilyatthecavalrysingers。
　　"Oh，thecoxcombs！"hemutteredreproachfully。
　　"It’snotthesoldiersonly，butI’veseenpeasantstoday，too……
　　Thepeasants—eventheyhavetogo，"saidthesoldierbehindthecart，addressingPierrewithasadsmile。"Nodistinctionsmadenowadays……
　　Theywantthewholenationtofallonthem—inaword，it’sMoscow！
　　Theywanttomakeanendofit。"
　　Inspiteoftheobscurityofthesoldier’swordsPierreunderstoodwhathewantedtosayandnoddedapproval。
　　Theroadwasclearagain；Pierredescendedthehillanddroveon。
　　Hekeptlookingtoeithersideoftheroadforfamiliarfaces，butonlysaweverywheretheunfamiliarfacesofvariousmilitarymenofdifferentbranchesoftheservice，whoalllookedwithastonishmentathiswhitehatandgreentailcoat。
　　Havinggonenearlythreemilesheatlastmetanacquaintanceandeagerlyaddressedhim。Thiswasoneoftheheadarmydoctors。HewasdrivingtowardPierreinacoveredgig，sittingbesideayoungsurgeon，andonrecognizingPierrehetoldtheCossackwhooccupiedthedriver’sseattopullup。
　　"Count！Yourexcellency，howcomeyoutobehere？"askedthedoctor。
　　"Well，youknow，Iwantedtosee……"
　　"Yes，yes，therewillbesomethingtosee……"
　　Pierregotoutandtalkedtothedoctor，explaininghisintentionoftakingpartinabattle。
　　ThedoctoradvisedhimtoapplydirecttoKutuzov。
　　"WhyshouldyoubeGodknowswhereoutofsight，duringthebattle？"
　　hesaid，exchangingglanceswithhisyoungcompanion。"AnyhowhisSereneHighnessknowsyouandwillreceiveyougraciously。That’swhatyoumustdo。"
　　Thedoctorseemedtiredandinahurry。
　　"Youthinkso？……Ah，Ialsowantedtoaskyouwhereourpositionisexactly？"saidPierre。
　　"Theposition？"repeatedthedoctor。"Well，that’snotmyline。
　　DrivepastTatarinova，alotofdiggingisgoingonthere。Goupthehillockandyou’llsee。"
　　"Canoneseefromthere？……Ifyouwould……"
　　Butthedoctorinterruptedhimandmovedtowardhisgig。
　　"IwouldgowithyoubutonmyhonorI’muptohere"—andhepointedtohisthroat。"I’mgallopingtothecommanderofthecorps。Howdomattersstand？……Youknow，Count，there’llbeabattletomorrow。
　　Outofanarmyofahundredthousandwemustexpectatleasttwentythousandwounded，andwehaven’tstretchers，orbunks，ordressers，ordoctorsenoughforsixthousand。Wehavetenthousandcarts，butweneedotherthingsaswell—wemustmanageasbestwecan！"
　　Thestrangethoughtthatofthethousandsofmen，youngandold，whohadstaredwithmerrysurpriseathishatperhapstheverymenhehadnoticed，twentythousandwereinevitablydoomedtowoundsanddeathamazedPierre。
　　"Theymaydietomorrow；whyaretheythinkingofanythingbutdeath？"AndbysomelatentsequenceofthoughtthedescentoftheMozhayskhill，thecartswiththewounded，theringingbells，theslantingraysofthesun，andthesongsofthecavalrymenvividlyrecurredtohismind。
　　"Thecavalryridetobattleandmeetthewoundedanddonotforamomentthinkofwhatawaitsthem，butpassby，winkingatthewounded。
　　Yetfromamongthesementwentythousandaredoomedtodie，andtheywonderatmyhat！Strange！"thoughtPierre，continuinghiswaytoTatarinova。
　　Infrontofalandowner’shousetotheleftoftheroadstoodcarriages，wagons，andcrowdsoforderliesandsentinels。Thecommanderinchiefwasputtingupthere，butjustwhenPierrearrivedhewasnotinandhardlyanyofthestaffwerethere—theyhadgonetothechurchservice。PierredroveontowardGorki。
　　Whenhehadascendedthehillandreachedthelittlevillagestreet，hesawforthefirsttimepeasantmilitiamenintheirwhiteshirtsandwithcrossesontheircaps，who，talkingandlaughingloudly，animatedandperspiring，wereatworkonahugeknollovergrownwithgrasstotherightoftheroad。
　　Someofthemweredigging，otherswerewheelingbarrowloadsofearthalongplanks，whileothersstoodaboutdoingnothing。
　　Twoofficerswerestandingontheknoll，directingthemen。Onseeingthesepeasants，whowereevidentlystillamusedbythenoveltyoftheirpositionassoldiers，PierreoncemorethoughtofthewoundedmenatMozhayskandunderstoodwhatthesoldierhadmeantwhenhesaid："Theywantthewholenationtofallonthem。"Thesightofthesebeardedpeasantsatworkonthebattlefield，withtheirqueer，clumsybootsandperspiringnecks，andtheirshirtsopeningfromthelefttowardthemiddle，unfastened，exposingtheirsunburnedcollarbones，impressedPierremorestronglywiththesolemnityandimportanceofthemomentthananythinghehadyetseenorheard。
　　BK10CH21
　　CHAPTERXXI
　　Pierresteppedoutofhiscarriageand，passingthetoilingmilitiamen，ascendedtheknollfromwhich，accordingtothedoctor，thebattlefieldcouldbeseen。
　　Itwasabouteleveno’clock。Thesunshonesomewhattotheleftandbehindhimandbrightlylituptheenormouspanoramawhich，risinglikeanamphitheater，extendedbeforehimintheclearrarefiedatmosphere。
　　Fromaboveontheleft，bisectingthatamphitheater，woundtheSmolenskhighroad，passingthroughavillagewithawhitechurchsomefivehundredpacesinfrontoftheknollandbelowit。ThiswasBorodino。Belowthevillagetheroadcrossedtheriverbyabridgeand，windingdownandup，rosehigherandhighertothevillageofValuevovisibleaboutfourmilesaway，whereNapoleonwasthenstationed。BeyondValuevotheroaddisappearedintoayellowingforestonthehorizon。Farinthedistanceinthatbirchandfirforesttotherightoftheroad，thecrossandbelfryoftheKolochaMonasterygleamedinthesun。Hereandthereoverthewholeofthatblueexpanse，torightandleftoftheforestandtheroad，smokingcampfirescouldbeseenandindefinitemassesoftroops—oursandtheenemy’s。Thegroundtotheright—alongthecourseoftheKolochaandMoskvarivers—wasbrokenandhilly。BetweenthehollowsthevillagesofBezubovaandZakharinoshowedinthedistance。Ontheleftthegroundwasmorelevel；therewerefieldsofgrain，andthesmokingruinsofSemenovsk，whichhadbeenburneddown，couldbeseen。
　　AllthatPierresawwassoindefinitethatneithertheleftnortherightsideofthefieldfullysatisfiedhisexpectations。
　　Nowherecouldheseethebattlefieldhehadexpectedtofind，butonlyfields，meadows，troops，woods，thesmokeofcampfires，villages，mounds，andstreams；andtryashewouldhecoulddescrynomilitary"position"inthisplacewhichteemedwithlife，norcouldheevendistinguishourtroopsfromtheenemy’s。
　　"Imustasksomeonewhoknows，"hethought，andaddressedanofficerwhowaslookingwithcuriosityathishugeunmilitaryfigure。
　　"MayIaskyou，"saidPierre，"whatvillagethatisinfront？"
　　"Burdino，isn’tit？"saidtheofficer，turningtohiscompanion。
　　"Borodino，"theothercorrectedhim。
　　Theofficer，evidentlygladofanopportunityforatalk，moveduptoPierre。
　　"Arethoseourmenthere？"Pierreinquired。
　　"Yes，andthere，furtheron，aretheFrench，"saidtheofficer。
　　"Theretheyare，there……youcanseethem。"
　　"Where？Where？"askedPierre。
　　"Onecanseethemwiththenakedeye……Why，there！"
　　Theofficerpointedwithhishandtothesmokevisibleontheleftbeyondtheriver，andthesamesternandseriousexpressionthatPierrehadnoticedonmanyofthefaceshehadmetcameintohisface。
　　"Ah，thosearetheFrench！Andoverthere？……"Pierrepointedtoaknollontheleft，nearwhichsometroopscouldbeseen。
　　"Thoseareours。"
　　"Ah，ours！Andthere？……"Pierrepointedtoanotherknollinthedistancewithabigtreeonit，nearavillagethatlayinahollowwherealsosomecampfiresweresmokingandsomethingblackwasvisible。
　　"That’shisagain，"saidtheofficer。ItwastheShevardinoRedoubt。"Itwasoursyesterday，butnowitishis。"
　　"Thenhowaboutourposition？"
　　"Ourposition？"repliedtheofficerwithasmileofsatisfaction。"I
　　cantellyouquiteclearly，becauseIconstructednearlyallourentrenchments。There，yousee？There’sourcenter，atBorodino，justthere，"andhepointedtothevillageinfrontofthemwiththewhitechurch。"That’swhereonecrossestheKolocha。Youseedowntherewheretherowsofhayarelyinginthehollow，there’sthebridge。That’sourcenter。Ourrightflankisoverthere"—hepointedsharplytotheright，farawayinthebrokenground—"That’swheretheMoskvaRiveris，andwehavethrownupthreeredoubtsthere，verystrongones。Theleftflank……"heretheofficerpaused。"Well，yousee，that’sdifficulttoexplain……YesterdayourleftflankwasthereatShevardino，yousee，wheretheoakis，butnowwehavewithdrawnourleftwing—nowitisoverthere，doyouseethatvillageandthesmoke？That’sSemenovsk，yes，there，"hepointedtoRaevski’sknoll。"Butthebattlewillhardlybethere。Hishavingmovedhistroopsthereisonlyaruse；hewillprobablypassroundtotherightoftheMoskva。Butwhereveritmaybe，manyamanwillbemissingtomorrow！"heremarked。
　　Anelderlysergeantwhohadapproachedtheofficerwhilehewasgivingtheseexplanationshadwaitedinsilenceforhimtofinishspeaking，butatthispoint，evidentlynotlikingtheofficer’sremark，interruptedhim。
　　"Gabionsmustbesentfor，"saidhesternly。
　　Theofficerappearedabashed，asthoughheunderstoodthatonemightthinkofhowmanymenwouldbemissingtomorrowbutoughtnottospeaktospeakofit。
　　"Well，sendnumberthreecompanyagain，"theofficerrepliedhurriedly。
　　"Andyou，areyouoneofthedoctors？"
　　"No，I’vecomeonmyown，"answeredPierre，andhewentdownthehillagain，passingthemilitiamen。
　　"Oh，thosedamnedfellows！"mutteredtheofficerwhofollowedhim，holdinghisnoseasheranpastthemenatwork。
　　"Theretheyare……bringingher，coming……Theretheyare……They’llbehereinaminute……"voicesweresuddenlyheardsaying；andofficers，soldiers，andmilitiamenbeganrunningforwardalongtheroad。
　　AchurchprocessionwascomingupthehillfromBorodino。Firstalongthedustyroadcametheinfantryinranks，bareheadedandwitharmsreversed。Frombehindthemcamethesoundofchurchsinging。
　　SoldiersandmilitiamenranbareheadedpastPierretowardtheprocession。
　　"Theyarebringingher，ourProtectress！……TheIberianMotherofGod！"someonecried。
　　"TheSmolenskMotherofGod，"anothercorrectedhim。
　　Themilitiamen，boththosewhohadbeeninthevillageandthosewhohadbeenatworkonthebattery，threwdowntheirspadesandrantomeetthechurchprocession。Followingthebattalionthatmarchedalongthedustyroadcamepriestsintheirvestments—onelittleoldmaninahoodwithattendantsandsingers。Behindthemsoldiersandofficersborealarge，dark—facediconwithanembossedmetalcover。
　　Thiswastheiconthathadbeenbroughtfromandhadsinceaccompaniedthearmy。Behind，before，andonbothsides，crowdsofmilitiamenwithbaredheadswalked，ran，andbowedtotheground。
　　Atthesummitofthehilltheystoppedwiththeicon；themenwhohadbeenholdingitupbythelinenbandsattachedtoitwererelievedbyothers，thechantersrelittheircensers，andservicebegan。Thehotraysofthesunbeatdownverticallyandafreshsoftwindplayedwiththehairofthebaredheadsandwiththeribbonsdecoratingtheicon。Thesingingdidnotsoundloudundertheopensky。Animmensecrowdofbareheadedofficers，soldiers，andmilitiamensurroundedtheicon。Behindthepriestandachanterstoodthenotabilitiesonaspotreservedforthem。AbaldgeneralwithgeneralwithaSt。George’sCrossonhisneckstoodjustbehindthepriest’sback，andwithoutcrossinghimselfhewasevidentlyaGermanpatientlyawaitedtheendoftheservice，whichheconsidereditnecessarytoheartotheend，probablytoarousethepatriotismoftheRussianpeople。Anothergeneralstoodinamartialpose，crossinghimselfbyshakinghishandinfrontofhischestwhilelookingabouthim。Standingamongthecrowdofpeasants，Pierrerecognizedseveralacquaintancesamongthesenotables，butdidnotlookatthem—hiswholeattentionwasabsorbedinwatchingtheseriousexpressiononthefacesofthecrowdofsoldiersandmilitiamenwhowereallgazingeagerlyattheicon。Assoonasthetiredchanters，whoweresingingtheserviceforthetwentiethtimethatday，beganlazilyandmechanicallytosing："SavefromcalamityThyservants，O
　　MotherofGod，"andthepriestanddeaconchimedin："FortoTheeunderGodweallfleeastoaninviolablebulwarkandprotection，"
　　thereagainkindledinallthosefacesthesameexpressionofconsciousnessofthesolemnityoftheimpendingmomentthatPierrehadseenonthefacesatthefootofthehillatMozhayskandmomentarilyonmanyandmanyfaceshehadmetthatmorning；andheadswerebowedmorefrequentlyandhairtossedback，andsighsandthesoundmenmadeastheycrossedthemselveswereheard。
　　ThecrowdroundtheiconsuddenlypartedandpressedagainstPierre。
　　Someone，averyimportantpersonagejudgingbythehastewithwhichwaywasmadeforhim，wasapproachingtheicon。
　　ItwasKutuzov，whohadbeenridingroundthepositionandonhiswaybacktoTatarinovahadstoppedwheretheservicewasbeingheld。
　　Pierrerecognizedhimatoncebyhispeculiarfigure，whichdistinguishedhimfromeverybodyelse。
　　Withalongovercoatonhishisexceedinglystout，round—shoulderedbody，withuncoveredwhiteheadandpuffyfaceshowingthewhiteballoftheeyehehadlost，Kutuzovwalkedwithplunging，swayinggaitintothecrowdandstoppedbehindthepriest。
　　Hecrossedhimselfwithanaccustomedmovement，benttillhetouchedthegroundwithhishand，andbowedhiswhiteheadwithadeepsigh。
　　BehindKutuzovwasBennigsenandthesuite。Despitethepresenceofthecommanderinchief，whoattractedtheattentionofallthesuperiorofficers，themilitiamenandsoldierscontinuedtheirprayerswithoutlookingathim。
　　Whentheservicewasover，Kutuzovsteppeduptotheicon，sankheavilytohisknees，bowedtotheground，andforalongtimetriedvainlytorise，butcouldnotdosoonaccountofhisweaknessandweight。Hiswhiteheadtwitchedwiththeeffort。Atlastherose，kissedtheiconasachilddoeswithnaivelypoutinglips，andagainbowedtillhetouchedthegroundwithhishand。Theothergeneralsfollowedhisexample，thentheofficers，andafterthemwithexcitedfaces，pressingononeanother，crowding，panting，andpushing，scrambledthesoldiersandmilitiamen。