Thedroopingeyelidscannotberaised;thesensesofhearing,smelling,feeling,andtastingaremorethanusuallyexcited。Inaddition,avarietyofnervoussensationsarefelt,suchasspasmsofthemusclesandprickingsoftheskin,andinvoluntarytwitchingsinvariouspartsofthebody。
Inthethirdstage,whichisthatofmagneticsleep,allthesensesareclosedtoexternalimpressions;andsometimesfainting,andcatalepticorapoplecticattacksmayoccur。
Inthefourthstage,thepatientisasleeptoalltheworld;butheisawakewithinhisownbody,andconsciousnessreturns。Whileinthisstate,allhissensesaretransferredtotheskin。Heisintheperfectcrisis,ormagneticsomnambulism;abeingofsoulandmind——
seeingwithouteyes——hearingwithoutears,anddeadenedinbodytoallsenseoffeeling。
Inthefifthstage,whichisthatoflucidvision,thepatientcanseehisowninternalorganisation,orthatofothersplacedinmagneticcommunicationwithhim。Hebecomes,atthesametime,possessedoftheinstinctofremedies。Themagneticfluid,inthisstage,uniteshimbypowerfulattractiontoothers,andestablishesbetweenthemanimpenetrationofthoughtandfeelingsointenseastoblendtheirdifferentnaturesintoone。
Inthesixthstage,whichisatthesametimetherarestandthemostperfectofall,thelucidvisionisnotobstructedbyopaquematter,orsubjecttoanybarriersinterposedbytimeorspace。Themagneticfluid,whichisuniversallyspreadinnature,unitestheindividualwithallnature,andgiveshimcognizanceofcomingeventsbyitsuniversallucidity。
Somuchwassaidandwrittenbetweentheyears1820and1825,andsomanyconvertsweremade,thatthemagnetisersbecameclamorousforanewinvestigation。M。deFoissac,ayoungphysician,wrotetotheAcademieRoyaleduMedicinealetter,callingforinquiry,inwhichhecomplainedoftheunfairnessofthereportofMessrs。BaillyandFranklinin1784,andstatingthat,sincethattime,thesciencehadwhollychangedbytheimportantdiscoveryofmagneticsomnambulism。HeinformedtheAcademythathehadunderhiscareayoungwoman,whosepowersofdivinationwheninthesomnambulicstatewereofthemostextraordinarycharacter。Heinvitedthemembersofthatbodytogointoanyhospital,andchoosepersonsafflictedwithanydiseases,acuteorchronic,simpleorcomplex,andhissomnambulist,onbeingputenrapport,orinmagneticconnexion,withthem,wouldinfalliblypointouttheirailingsandnametheremedies。She,andothersomnambulists,hesaid,could,bymerelylayingthehandsuccessivelyonthehead,thechest,andtheabdomenofastranger,immediatelydiscoverhismaladies,with,thepainsanddifferentalterationstherebyoccasioned。Theycouldindicate,besides,whetherthecurewerepossible,and,ifso,whetheritwereeasyordifficult,nearorremote,andwhatmeansshouldbeemployedtoattainthisresultbythesurestandreadiestway。Inthisexaminationtheyneverdepartedfromthesoundprinciplesofmedicine。“Infact,“addedM。deFoissac,“I
gofurther,andassertthattheirinspirationsarealliedtothegeniuswhichanimatedHippocrates!“
InthemeantimeexperimentswerecarriedoninvarioushospitalsofParis。TheepilepticpatientsattheSalpetriereweremagnetisedbypermissionofM。Esquirol。AttheBicetrealsothesameresuitswereobtained。M。deFoissacbusiedhimselfwiththeinvalidsattheHospicedelaCharite,andM。DupotetwasequallysuccessfulinproducingsleeporconvulsionsatValdeGrace。ManymembersoftheChamberofDeputiesbecameconverts,andM。Chardel,theComtedeGestas,M。deLaseases,andothers,openedtheirsaloonstothosewhoweredesirousofbeinginstructedinanimalmagnetism。[Dupotet’sIntroductiontotheStudyofAnimalMagnetism,page23。]OtherphysiciansunitedwithM。deFoissacincallingforaninquiry;andultimatelytheAcademynominatedapreliminarycommitteeoffiveofitsmembers,namely,MessrsAdelon,Burdin,Marc,Pariset,andHusson,toinvestigatetheallegedfacts,andtoreportwhethertheAcademy,withoutanycompromiseofitsdignity,couldappointanewcommission。
Beforethiscommittee,M。deFoissacproducedhisfamoussomnambulist;butshefailedinexhibitinganyoneofthephenomenaherphysicianhadsoconfidentlypredicted:shewaseasilythrownintothestateofsleep,bylonghabitandthemonotonyofthepassesandmanipulationsofhermagnetiser;butshecouldnottellthediseasesofpersonsputenrapportwithher。Thecommitteeoffiveframedexcusesforthisfailure,bysaying,thatprobablythemagneticfluidwasobstructed,becausetheywere“inexperienced,distrustful,andperhapsimpatient。“Afterthis,whatcanbesaidforthejudgmentortheimpartialityofsuchacommittee?Theygaveatlasttheiropinion,thatitwouldbeadvisabletoappointanewcommission。Onthel3thofDecember1825,theypresentedthemselvestotheAcademietodelivertheirreport。Adebateensued,whichoccupiedthreedays,andinwhichallthemostdistinguishedmemberstookpart。Itwasfinallydecidedbyamajorityoften,thatthecommissionshouldbeappointed,andthefollowingphysicianswerechosenitsmembers:——Theywereeleveninnumber,viz。BourdoisdelaMotte,thePresident;Fouquier,GueneaudeMussy,Guersent,Husson,Itard,Marc,J。J。Leroux,Thillay,Double,andMajendie。
Thesegentlemenbegantheirlaboursbypublishinganaddresstoallmagnetisers,invitingthemtocomeforwardandexhibitintheirpresencethewondersofanimalmagnetism。M。Dupotetsaysthatveryfewansweredthisamicableappeal,becausetheywereafraidofbeingridiculedwhenthereportshouldbepublished。Fourmagnetisers,however,answeredtheirappealreadily,andforfiveyearswerebusilyengagedinbringingproofsofthenewsciencebeforethecommission。
ThesewereM。deFoissac,M。Dupotet,M。Chapelain,andM。deGeslin。
Itwouldbebutanunprofitable,andbynomeansapleasanttasktofollowthecommissionersintheirerraticcareer,astheywereledhitherandthitherbythefourlightsofmagnetismabovementioned;
thefour“Wills-o’-the-Wisp“whichdazzledthebenightedandbewildereddoctorsonthatwideandshadowyregionofmetaphysicalinquiry——theinfluenceofmindovermatter。Itwillbebettertostateatoncetheconclusiontheycametoaftersolongandlaboriousaninvestigation,andthenexaminewhethertheywerewarrantedinitbytheevidencebroughtbeforethem。
Thereport,whichisexceedinglyvoluminous,isclassedunderthirtydifferentheads,anditsgeneraltenorisfavourabletomagnetism。Thereportersexpresslystatetheirbeliefintheexistenceofthemagneticfluid,andsumuptheresultoftheirinquiriesinthefourassertionswhichfollow:——
1。Magnetismhasnoeffectuponpersonsinasoundstateofhealth,noruponsomediseasedpersons。
2。Inothersitseffectsareslight。
3。Theseeffectsaresometimesproducedbywearinessorennui,bymonotony,andbytheimagination。
4。Wehaveseentheseeffectsdevelopedindependentlyofthelastcauses,mostprobablyastheeffectsofmagnetismalone。
Itwillbeseenthatthefirstandsecondofthesesentencespresupposetheexistenceofthatmagneticpower,whichitistheobjectoftheinquirytodiscover。Thereportersbegin,bysaying,thatmagnetismexists,whenafterdetailingtheirproofs,theyshouldhaveendedbyaffirmingit。Forthesakeoflucidity,afavouriteexpressionoftheirown,letusputthepropositionsintoanewformandnewwords,withoutalteringthesense。
1。Certaineffects,suchasconvulsions,somnambulism,&c。areproducibleinthehumanframe,bythewillofothers,bythewillofthepatienthimself,orbybothcombined,orbysomeunknownmeans,wewishtodiscover,perhapsbymagnetism。
2。Theseeffectsarenotproducibleuponallbodies。Theycannotbeproduceduponpersonsinasoundstateofhealth,noruponsomediseasedpersons;whileinothereases,theeffectsareveryslight。
3。Theseeffectswereproducedinmanycasesthatfellunderournotice,inwhichthepersonsoperatedonwereinaweakstateofhealth,bywearinessorennui,bymonotony,andbythepowerofimagination。
4。Butinmanyothereasestheseeffectswereproduced,andwereclearlynottheresultofwearinessorennui,ofmonotony,orofthepoweroftheimagination。Theywere,therefore,producedbythemagneticprocessesweemployed:——ergo——AnimalMagnetismexists。
Everyone,whetherabelieverordisbelieverinthedoctrine,mustseethatthewholegistoftheargumentwillbedestroyed,ifitbeprovedthattheeffectswhichthereportersclaimedasresultingfromapowerindependentofweariness,monotony,andtheimagination,did,infact,resultfromthem,andfromnothingelse。Thefollowingareamongtheproofsbroughtforwardtosupporttheexistenceofthemagneticfluid,asproducingthosephenomena:——
“Achild,twenty-eightmonthsold,wasmagnetisedbyM。Foissac,atthehouseofM。Bourdois。Thechild,aswellasitsfather,wassubjecttoattacksofepilepsy。AlmostimmediatelyafterM。Foissachadbegunhismanipulationsandpasses,thechildrubbeditseyes,bentitsheadtooneside,supporteditononeofthecushionsofthesofawhereitwassitting,yawned,moveditselfabout,scratcheditsheadanditsears,appearedtostriveagainsttheapproachofsleep,andthenrose,ifwemaybeallowedtheexpression,grumbling。Beingtakenawaytosatisfyanecessityofnature,itwasagainplacedonthesofa,andmagnetisedforafewmoments。Butasthereappearednodecidedsymptomsofsomnolencythistime,weterminatedtheexperiment。“
Andthisinallseriousnessandsobrietywascalledaproofoftheexistenceofthemagneticfluid!Thattheseeffectswerenotproducedbytheimaginationmaybegranted;butthattheywerenotproducedbywearinessandmonotonyisnotsoclear。Achildisseateduponasofa,asolemnlookinggentleman,surroundedbyseveralothersequallygrave,beginstoplayvariousstrangeanticsbeforeit,movinghishandsmysteriously,pointingathishead,allthewhilepreservingamostprovokingsilence。Andwhatdoesthechild?Itrubsitseyes,appearsrestless,yawns,scratchesitshead,grumbles,andmakesanexcusetogetaway。Magnetism,forsooth!’Twasadecidedcaseofbotheration!
Thenextproofsocalled,thoughnotsoamusing,isequallydecisiveofthemystificationoftheCommissioners。Adeafanddumblad,eighteenyearsofage,andsubjecttoattacksofepilepsy,wasmagnetisedfifteentimesbyM。Foissac。Thephenomenaexhibitedduringthetreatmentwereaheavinessoftheeyelids,ageneralnumbness,adesiretosleep,andsometimesvertigo:——theepilepticattackswereentirelysuspended,anddidnotreturntilleightmonthsafterwards。
Uponthiscaseandthefirstmentioned,theCommitteereasonedthus:——
“Thesecasesappeartousaltogetherworthyofremark。Thetwoindividualswhoformedthesubjectoftheexperiment,wereignorantofwhatwasdonetothem。Theone,indeed,wasnotinastatecapableofknowingit;andtheotherneverhadtheslightestideaofmagnetism。