ItisnotnecessarytoenterintoadetailoftheeventsbywhichSaladinattainedthesovereigntyoftheEast，orhow，afterasuccessionofengagements，heplantedtheMoslembanneroncemoreuponthebattlementsofJerusalem。TheChristianknightsandpopulation，includingthegrandordersofSt。John，theHospitallers，andtheTemplars，weresunkinanabyssofvice，andtornbyunworthyjealousiesanddissensions，wereunabletoresistthewell-trainedarmieswhichthewiseandmightySaladinbroughtforwardtocrushthem。ButthenewsoftheirfallcreatedapainfulsensationamongthechivalryofEurope，whosenoblestmemberswerelinkedtothedwellersinPalestinebymanyties，bothofbloodandfriendship。ThenewsofthegreatbattleofTiberias，inwhichSaladindefeatedtheChristianhostwithterribleslaughter，arrivedfirstinEurope，andwasfollowedinquicksuccessionbythatofthecaptureofJerusalem，Antioch，Tripoli，andothercities。Dismayseizedupontheclergy。ThePopeUrbanIII。wassoaffectedbythenewsthathepinedawayforgrief，andwasscarcelyseentosmileagain，untilhesankintothesleepofdeath。[JamesofVitry——WilliamdeNangis。]Hissuccessor，GregoryVIII。feltthelossasacutely，buthadbetterstrengthtobearit，andinstructedalltheclergyoftheChristianworldtostirupthepeopletoarmsfortherecoveryoftheHolySepulchre。William，ArchbishopofTyre，ahumblefollowerinthepathofPetertheHermit，leftPalestinetopreachtotheKingsofEuropethemiserieshehadwitnessed，andtoincitethemtotherescue。TherenownedFrederickBarbarossa，theEmperorofGermany，speedilycollectedanarmy，andpassingoverintoSyriawithlessdelaythanhadeverbeforeawaitedacrusadingforce，defeatedtheSaracens，andtookpossessionofthecityofIconium。Hewasunfortunatelycutoffinthemiddleofhissuccessfulcareer，byimprudentlybathingintheCydnus[ThedesireofcomparingtwogreatmenhastemptedmanywriterstodrownFrederickintheriverCydnus，inwhichAlexandersoimprudentlybathedQ。Curt。
　　lib。iii。c。4，5。:but，fromthemarchoftheEmperor，IratherjudgethathisSalephistheCalycadnus，astreamoflessfame，butofalongercourse——Gibbon]whilehewasoverheated，andtheDukeofSuabiatookthecommandoftheexpedition。Thelatterdidnotprovesoableageneral，andmetwithnothingbutreverses，althoughhewasenabledtomaintainafootingatAntiochuntilassistancearrivedfromEurope。
　　HenryII。ofEnglandandPhilipAugustusofFrance，attheheadoftheirchivalry，supportedtheCrusadewithalltheirinfluence，untilwarsanddissensionsnearerhomeestrangedthemfromitforatime。
　　ThetwokingsmetatGisorsinNormandyinthemonthofJanuary1188，accompaniedbyabrillianttrainofknightsandwarriors。WilliamofTyrewaspresent，andexpoundedthecauseoftheCrosswithconsiderableeloquence，andthewholeassemblyboundthemselvesbyoathtoproceedtoJerusalem。Itwasagreedatthesametimethatatax，calledSaladin’stithe，andconsistingofthetenthpartofallpossessions，whetherlandedorpersonal，shouldbeenforcedoverChristendom，uponeveryonewhowaseitherunableorunwillingtoassumetheCross。Thelordofeveryfeof，whetherlayorecclesiastical，waschargedtoraisethetithewithinhisownjurisdiction；andanyonewhorefusedtopayhisquota，becamebythatactthebondsmanandabsolutepropertyofhislord。AtthesametimethegreatestindulgencewasshowntothosewhoassumedtheCross；nomanwasatlibertytostaythembyprocessofanykind，whetherfordebt，orrobbery，ormurder。TheKingofFrance，atthebreakingupoftheconference，summonedaparliamentatParis，wheretheseresolutionsweresolemnlyconfirmed，whileHenryII。didthesameforhisNormanpossessionsatRouen，andforEnglandatGeddington，inNorthamptonshire。Tousethewordsofanancientchronicler，[Stowe。]
　　“heheldaparliamentaboutthevoyageintotheHolyLand，andtroubledthewholelandwiththepayingoftithestowardsit。“
　　ButitwasnotEnglandonlythatwas“troubled“bythetax。ThepeopleofFrancealsolookeduponitwithnopleasantfeelings，andappearfromthattimeforthtohavechangedtheirindifferencefortheCrusadeintoaversion。Eventheclergy，whowereexceedinglywillingthatotherpeopleshouldcontributehalf，orevenalltheirgoodsinfurtheranceoftheirfavouritescheme，werenotatallanxioustocontributeasinglesousthemselves。Millot[“Elemensdel’HistoiredeFrance。“]relatesthatseveralofthemcriedoutagainsttheimpost。
　　AmongtheresttheclergyofRheimswerecalledupontopaytheirquota，butsentadeputationtotheKing，begginghimtobecontentedwiththeaidoftheirprayers，astheyweretoopoortocontributeinanyothershape。PhilipAugustusknewbetter，andbywayofgivingthemalesson，employedthreenoblesofthevicinitytolaywastethechurchlands。Theclergy，informedoftheoutrage，appliedtotheKingforredress。“Iwillaidyouwithmyprayers，“saidtheMonarchcondescendingly，“andwillintreatthosegentlementoletthechurchalone。“Hedidashehadpromised，butinsuchamanner，thatthenobles，whoappreciatedthejoke，continuedtheirdevastationsasbefore。AgaintheclergyappliedtotheKing。“Whatwouldyouhaveofme？“hereplied，inanswertotheirremonstrances:“Yougavemeyourprayersinmynecessity，andIhavegivenyoumineinyours。“Theclergyunderstoodtheargument，andthoughtitthewisercoursetopaytheirquotaofSaladin’stithewithoutfurtherparley。
　　ThisanecdoteshowstheunpopularityoftheCrusade。Iftheclergydislikedtocontribute，itisnowonderthatthepeoplefeltstillgreaterantipathy。ButthechivalryofEuropewaseagerfortheaffray:thetithewasrigorouslycollected，andarmiesfromEngland，France，Burgundy，Italy，Flanders，andGermany，weresooninthefield；Thetwokingswhoweretohaveledit，were，however，drawnintobroilsbyanaggressionofRichard；DukeofGuienne，betterknownasRichardCoeurdeLion，upontheterritoryoftheCountofToulouse，andtheproposedjourneytoPalestinewasdelayed。WarcontinuedtoragebetweenFranceandEngland，andwithsolittleprobabilityofaspeedytermination，thatmanyofthenobles，boundtotheCrusade，leftthetwoMonarchstosettletheirdifferencesattheirleisure，andproceededtoPalestinewithoutthem。
　　DeathatlaststeppedinandremovedHenryII。fromthehostilityofhisfoes，andthetreacheryandingratitudeofhischildren。HissonRichardimmediatelyconcludedanalliancewithPhilipAugustus，andthetwoyoung，valiant，andimpetuousMonarchs，unitedalltheirenergiestoforwardtheCrusade。TheymetwithanumerousandbrilliantretinueatNonancourtinNormandy，where，insightoftheirassembledchivalry，theyembracedasbrothers，andsworetoliveasfriendsandtrueallies，untilaperiodoffortydaysaftertheirreturnfromtheHolyLand。Withaviewofpurgingtheircampfromthefolliesandviceswhichhadprovedsoruinoustoprecedingexpeditions，theydrewupacodeoflawsforthegovernmentofthearmy。Gamblinghadbeencarriedtoagreatextent，andhadprovedthefruitfulsourceofquarrelsandbloodshed，andoneoftheirlawsprohibitedanypersoninthearmy，beneaththedegreeofaknight，fromplayingatanygameformoney。[Strutt’s“SportsandPastimes。“]
　　Knightsandclergymenmightplayformoney，butnoonewaspermittedtoloseorgainmorethantwentyshillingsinaday，underapenaltyofonehundredshillings。ThepersonalattendantsoftheMonarchswerealsoallowedtoplaytothesameextent。Thepenaltyintheircaseforinfractionwasthattheyshouldbewhippednakedthroughthearmyforthespaceofthreedays。Anycrusader，whostruckanotheranddrewblood，wasorderedtohavehishandcutoff；andwhoeverslewabrothercrusaderwascondemnedtobetiedalivetothecorpseofhisvictimandburiedwithhim。Noyoungwomenwereallowedtofollowthearmy，tothegreatsorrowofmanyviciousandofmanyvirtuousdames，whohadnotcouragetoeludethedecreebydressinginmaleattire。
　　Butmanyhigh-mindedandaffectionatemaidensandmatrons，bearingtheswordorthespear，followedtheirhusbandsandloverstothewarinspiteofKingRichard，andindefianceofdanger。Theonlywomenallowedtoaccompanythearmyintheirownhabiliments，werewasherwomen，offiftyyearscomplete，andanyothersofthefairsexwhohadreachedthesameage。
　　Theseruleshavingbeenpromulgated，thetwomonarchsmarchedtogethertoLyons，wheretheyseparated，agreeingtomeetagainatMessina。PhilipproceededacrosstheAlpstoGenoa，wherehetookship，andwasconveyedinsafetytotheplaceofrendezvous。RichardturnedinthedirectionofMarseilles，wherehealsotookshipforMessina。Hisimpetuousdispositionhurriedhimintomanysquabblesbytheway，andhisknightsandfollowers，forthemostpartasbraveandasfoolishashimself，imitatedhimveryzealouslyinthisparticular。
　　AtMessinatheSicilianschargedthemostexorbitantpricesforeverynecessaryoflife。Richard’sarmyinvainremonstrated。Fromwordstheycametoblows，and，asalastresource，plunderedtheSicilians，sincetheycouldnottradewiththem。Continualbattlesweretheconsequence，inoneofwhichLebrun，thefavouriteattendantofRichard，losthislife。Thepeasantryfromfarandnearcameflockingtotheaidofthetownspeople，andthebattlesoonbecamegeneral。
　　Richard，irritatedatthelossofhisfavourite，andincitedbyareportthatTancred，theKingofSicily，wasfightingattheheadofhisownpeople，joinedthemeleewithhisboldestknights，and，beatingbacktheSicilians，attackedthecity，swordinhand，stormedthebattlements，toredowntheflagofSicily，andplantedhisowninitsstead。ThiscollisiongavegreatoffencetotheKingofFrance，whobecamefromthattimejealousofRichard，andapprehensivethathisdesignwasnotsomuchtore-establishtheChristianKingdomofJerusalem，astomakeconquestsforhimself。He，however，exertedhisinfluencetorestorepeacebetweentheEnglishandSicilians，andshortlyafterwardssetsailforAcre，withdistrustofhisallygerminatinginhisheart。
　　Richardremainedbehindforsomeweeks，inastateofinactivityquiteunaccountableinoneofhistemperament。HeappearstohavehadnomoresquabbleswiththeSicilians，buttohavelivedaneasyluxuriouslife，forgetting，inthelapofpleasure，theobjectsforwhichhehadquittedhisowndominionsandthedangerouslaxityhewasintroducingintohisarmy。Thesuperstitionofhissoldiersrecalledhimatlengthtoasenseofhisduty:acometwasseenforseveralsuccessivenights，whichwasthoughttomenacethemwiththevengeanceofHeavenfortheirdelay。Shootingstarsgavethemsimilarwarning；
　　andafanatic，ofthenameofJoachim，withhisdrawnswordinhishand，andhislonghairstreamingwildlyoverhisshoulders，wentthroughthecamp，howlingallnightlong，andpredictingplague，famine，andeveryothercalamity，iftheydidnotsetoutimmediately。
　　Richarddidnotdeemitprudenttoneglecttheintimations；and，afterdoinghumblepenanceforhisremissness，hesetsailforAcre。
　　Aviolentstormdispersedhisfleet，buthearrivedsafelyatRhodeswiththeprincipalpartofthearmament。HerehelearnedthatthreeofhisshipshadbeenstrandedontherockycoastsofCyprus，andthattheruleroftheisland，IsaacComnenus，hadpermittedhispeopletopillagetheunfortunatecrews，andhadrefusedsheltertohisbetrothedbride，thePrincessBerengaria，andhissister，who，inoneofthevessels，hadbeendrivenbystressofweatherintotheportofLimisso。Thefierymonarchsworetoberevenged，and，collectingallhisvessels，sailedbacktoLimisso。IsaacComnenusrefusedtoapologizeorexplain，andRichard，innomoodtobetrifledwith，landedontheisland，routedwithgreatlosstheforcessenttoopposehim，andlaidthewholecountryundercontribution。