Onthesamedaythe27thofMaythebankstoppedpaymentinspecie。LawandD’Argensonwerebothdismissedfromtheministry。Theweak,vacillating,andcowardlyRegentthrewtheblameofallthemischiefuponLaw,who,uponpresentinghimselfatthePalaisRoyal,wasrefusedadmitance。Atnightfall,however,hewassentfor,andadmittedintothepalacebyasecretdoor,[Duclos,MemoiresSecretsdelaRegence。]whentheRegentendeavouredtoconsolehim,andmadeallmannerofexcusesfortheseveritywithwhichinpublichehadbeencompelledtotreathim。Socapriciouswashisconduct,that,twodaysafterwards,hetookhimpubliclytotheopera,wherehesatintheroyalbox,alongsideoftheRegent,whotreatedhimwithmarkedconsiderationinfaceofallthepeople。ButsuchwasthehatredagainstLawthattheexperimenthadwellnighprovedfataltohim。Themobassailedhiscarriagewithstonesjustashewasenteringhisowndoor;andifthecoachmanhadnotmadeasuddenjerkintothecourt-yard,andthedomesticsclosedthegateimmediately,hewould,inallprobability,havebeendraggedoutandtorntopieces。Onthefollowingday,hiswifeanddaughterwerealsoassailedbythemobastheywerereturningintheircarriagefromtheraces。WhentheRegentwasinformedoftheseoccurrenceshesentLawastrongdetachmentofSwissguards,whowerestationednightanddayinthecourtofhisresidence。Thepublicindignationatlastincreasedsomuch,thatLaw,findinghisownhouse,evenwiththisguard,insecure,tookrefugeinthePalaisRoyal,intheapartmentsoftheRegent。
TheChancellor,D’Aguesseau,whohadbeendismissedin1718forhisoppositiontotheprojectsofLaw,wasnowrecalledtoaidintherestorationofcredit。TheRegentacknowledgedtoolate,thathehadtreatedwithunjustifiableharshnessandmistrustoneoftheablest,andperhapsthesolehonestpublicmanofthatcorruptperiod。Hehadretiredeversincehisdisgracetohiscountry-houseatFresnes,where,inthemidstofseverebutdelightfulphilosophicstudies,hehadforgottentheintriguesofanunworthycourt。Lawhimself,andtheChevalierdeConflans,agentlemanoftheRegent’shousehold,weredespatchedinapost-chaise,withorderstobringtheex-chancellortoParisalongwiththem。D’Aguesseauconsentedtorenderwhatassistancehecould,contrarytotheadviceofhisfriends,whodidnotapprovethatheshouldacceptanyrecalltoofficeofwhichLawwasthebearer。OnhisarrivalinParis,fivecounsellorsoftheParliamentwereadmittedtoconferwiththeCommissaryofFinance,andonthe1stofJuneanorderwaspublished,abolishingthelawwhichmadeitcriminaltoamasscointotheamountofmorethanfivehundredlivres。
Everyonewaspermittedtohaveasmuchspecieashepleased。Inorderthatthebank-notesmightbewithdrawn,twenty-fivemillionsofnewnoteswerecreated,onthesecurityoftherevenuesofthecityofParis,attwo-and-a-halfpercent。Thebank-noteswithdrawnwerepubliclyburnedinfrontoftheHoteldeVille。Thenewnoteswereprincipallyofthevalueoftenlivreseach;andonthe10thofJunethebankwasre-opened,withasufficiencyofsilvercointogiveinchangeforthem。
Thesemeasureswereproductiveofconsiderableadvantage。AllthepopulationofParishastenedtothebank,togetcoinfortheirsmallnotes;andsilverbecomingscarce,theywerepaidincopper。Veryfewcomplainedthatthiswastooheavy,althoughpoorfellowsmightbecontinuallyseentoilingandsweatingalongthestreets,ladenwithmorethantheycouldcomfortablycarry,intheshapeofchangeforfiftylivres。Thecrowdsaroundthebankweresogreat,thathardlyadaypassedthatsomeonewasnotpressedtodeath。Onthe9thofJuly,themultitudewassodenseandclamorousthattheguardsstationedattheentranceoftheMazarinGardensclosedthegate,andrefusedtoadmitanymore。Thecrowdbecameincensed,andflungstonesthroughtherailingsuponthesoldiers。Thelatter,incensedintheirturn,threatenedtofireuponthepeople。Atthatinstantoneofthemwashitbyastone,and,takinguphispiece,hefiredintothecrowd。
Onemanfelldeadimmediately,andanotherwasseverelywounded。Itwaseveryinstantexpectedthatageneralattackwouldhavebeencommenceduponthebank;butthegatesoftheMazarinGardensbeingopenedtothecrowd,whosawawholetroopofsoldiers,withtheirbayonetsfixed,readytoreceivethem,theycontentedthemselvesbygivingventtotheirindignationingroansandhisses。
Eightdaysafterwardstheconcourseofpeoplewassotremendous,thatfifteenpersonsweresqueezedtodeathatthedoorsofthebank。
Thepeopleweresoindignantthattheytookthreeofthebodiesonstretchersbeforethem,andproceeded,tothenumberofsevenoreightthousand,tothegardensofthePalaisRoyal,thattheymightshowtheRegentthemisfortunesthatheandLawhadbroughtuponthecountry。
Law’scoachman,whowassittingontheboxofhismaster’scarriage,inthecourt-yardofthepalace,happenedtohavemorezealthandiscretion,and,notlikingthatthemobshouldabusehismaster,hesaid,loudenoughtobeoverheardbyseveralpersons,thattheywereallblackguards,anddeservedtobehanged。Themobimmediatelysetuponhim,and,thinkingthatLawwasinthecarriage,brokeittopieces。Theimprudentcoachmannarrowlyescapedwithhislife。Nofurthermischiefwasdone;abodyoftroopsmakingtheirappearance,thecrowdquietlydispersed,afteranassurancehadbeengivenbytheRegentthatthethreebodiestheyhadbroughttoshowhimshouldbedecentlyburiedathisownexpense。TheParliamentwassittingatthetimeofthisuproar,andthePresidenttookuponhimselftogooutandseewhatwasthematter。Onhisreturnheinformedthecouncillors,thatLaw’scarriagehadbeenbrokenbythemob。Allthemembersrosesimultaneously,andexpressedtheirjoybyaloudshout,whileoneman,morezealousinhishatredthantherest,exclaimed,“AndLawhimself,ishetorntopieces?“
[TheDuchessofOrleansgivesadifferentversionofthisstory;butwhicheverbethetrueone,themanifestationofsuchfeelinginalegislativeassemblywasnotverycreditable。Shesays,thatthePresidentwassotransportedwithjoy,thathewasseizedwitharhymingfit,and,returningintothehall,exclaimedtothemembers:——
“Messieurs!Messieurs!bonnenouvelle!
LecarfossedeLassestreduitencanelle!“]
MuchundoubtedlydependedonthecreditoftheCompanyoftheIndies,whichwasanswerableforsogreatasumtothenation。Itwas,therefore,suggestedinthecounciloftheministry,thatanyprivilegeswhichcouldbegrantedtoenableittofulfilitsengagements,wouldbeproductiveofthebestresults。Withthisendinview,itwasproposedthattheexclusiveprivilegeofallmaritimecommerceshouldbesecuredtoit,andanedicttothateffectwaspublished。Butitwasunfortunatelyforgottenthatbysuchameasureallthemerchantsofthecountrywouldberuined。Theideaofsuchanimmenseprivilegewasgenerallyscoutedbythenation,andpetitiononpetitionwaspresentedtotheParliament,thattheywouldrefusetoregisterthedecree。Theyrefusedaccordingly,andtheRegent,remarkingthattheydidnothingbutfantheflameofsedition,exiledthemtoBlois。AttheintercessionofD’Aguesseau,theplaceofbanishmentwaschangedtoPontoise,andthitheraccordinglythecouncillorsrepaired,determinedtosettheRegentatdefiance。Theymadeeveryarrangementforrenderingtheirtemporaryexileasagreeableaspossible。ThePresidentgavethemostelegantsuppers,towhichheinvitedallthegayestandwittiestcompanyofParis。Everynighttherewasaconcertandballfortheladies。Theusuallygraveandsolemnjudgesandcouncillorsjoinedincardsandotherdiversions,leadingforseveralweeksalifeofthemostextravagantpleasure,fornootherpurposethantoshowtheRegentofhowlittleconsequencetheydeemedtheirbanishment,andthatwhentheywilledit,theycouldmakePontoiseapleasanterresidencethanParis。
OfallthenationsintheworldtheFrencharethemostrenownedforsingingovertheirgrievances。Ofthatcountryithasbeenremarkedwithsometruth,thatitswholehistorymaybetracedinitssongs。WhenLaw,bytheutterfailureofhisbest-laidplans,renderedhimselfobnoxious,satireofcourseseizedholduponhim,and,whilecaricaturesofhispersonappearedinalltheshops,thestreetsresoundedwithsongs,inwhichneitherhenortheRegentwasspared。
Manyofthesesongswerefarfromdecent;andoneoftheminparticularcounselledtheapplicationofallhisnotestothemostignobleusetowhichpapercanbeapplied。Butthefollowing,preservedinthelettersoftheDuchessofOrleans,wasthebestandthemostpopular,andwastobeheardformonthsinallthecarrefoursofParis。Theapplicationofthechorusishappyenough:——
AussitotqueLassarrivaDansnotrebonneville,MonsieurleRegentpubliaQueLassseraitutilePourretablirlanation。
Lafaridondaine!lafaridondon。
Maisilnousatousenrich!,Biribi!
AlafacondeBarbari,Mortami!
Ceparpaillot,pourattirerToutl’argentdelaFrance,Songead’abordas’assurerDenotreconfiance。
Ilfitsonabjuration。
Lafaridondaine!lafaridondon!
Maislefourbes’estconverti,Biribi!
AlafacondeBarbari,Monami!
Lass,lefilsainedeSatanNousmettousal’aumone,IlnousapristoutnotreargentEtn’enrendapersonne。
MaisleRegent,humainetbon,Lafaridondaine!lafaridondon!
Nousrendracequ’onnousapris,Biribi!
AlafacondeBarbari,Monami!
Thefollowingsmartepigramisofthesamedate:——
Lundi,j’achetaidesactions;
Mardi,jegagnaidesmillions;
Mercredi,j’arrangeaimonmenage,Jeudi,jeprisunequipage,Vendredi,jem’enfusaubal,EtSamedi,al’Hopital。
Amongthecaricaturesthatwereabundantlypublished,andthatshowedasplainlyasgravermatters,thatthenationhadawakenedtoasenseofitsfolly,wasone,afac-simileofwhichispreservedinthe“MemoiresdelaRegence。“Itwasthusdescribedbyitsauthor:“The’GoddessofShares,’inhertriumphalcar,drivenbytheGoddessofFolly。ThosewhoaredrawingthecarareimpersonationsoftheMississippi,withhiswoodenleg,theSouthSea,theBankofEngland,theCompanyoftheWestofSenegal,andofvariousassurances。Lestthecarshouldnotrollfastenough,theagentsofthesecompanies,knownbytheirlongfox-tailsandtheircunninglooks,turnroundthespokesofthewheels,uponwhicharemarkedthenamesoftheseveralstocks,andtheirvalue,sometimeshighandsometimeslow,accordingtotheturnsofthewheel。Uponthegroundarethemerchandise,day-booksandledgersoflegitimatecommerce,crushedunderthechariotofFolly。Behindisanimmensecrowdofpersons,ofallages,sexes,andconditions,clamoringafterFortune,andfightingwitheachothertogetaportionoftheshareswhichshedistributessobountifullyamongthem。Inthecloudssitsademon,blowingbubblesofsoap,whicharealsotheobjectsoftheadmirationandcupidityofthecrowd,whojumpupononeanother’sbackstoreachthemeretheyburst。