Themanofrankanddistinction，onthecontrary，isobservedbyalltheworld。Everybodyiseagertolookathim，andtoconceive，atleastbysympathy，thatjoyandexultationwithwhichhiscircumstancesnaturallyinspirehim。Hisactionsaretheobjectsofthepubliccare。Scarceaword，scarceagesture，canfallfromhimthatisaltogetherneglected。Inagreatassemblyheisthepersonuponwhomalldirecttheireyes；itisuponhimthattheirpassionsseemalltowaitwithexpectation，inordertoreceivethatmovementanddirectionwhichheshallimpressuponthem；andifhisbehaviourisnotaltogetherabsurd，hehas，everymoment，anopportunityofinterestingmankind，andofrenderinghimselftheobjectoftheobservationandfellow-feelingofeverybodyabouthim。Itisthis，which，notwithstandingtherestraintitimposes，notwithstandingthelossoflibertywithwhichitisattended，rendersgreatnesstheobjectofenvy，andcompensates，intheopinionofallthosemortificationswhichmustmankind，allthattoil，allthatanxiety，beundergoneinthepursuitofit；andwhatisofyetmoreconsequence，allthatleisure，allthatease，allthatcarelesssecurity，whichareforfeitedforeverbytheacquisition。
　　Whenweconsidertheconditionofthegreat，inthosedelusivecoloursinwhichtheimaginationisapttopaintit。itseemstobealmosttheabstractideaofaperfectandhappystate。Itistheverystatewhich，inallourwakingdreamsandidlereveries，wehadsketchedouttoourselvesasthefinalobjectofallourdesires。Wefeel，therefore，apeculiarsympathywiththesatisfactionofthosewhoareinit。Wefavouralltheirinclinations，andforwardalltheirwishes。Whatpity，wethink，thatanythingshouldspoilandcorruptsoagreeableasituation！Wecouldevenwishthemimmortal；anditseemshardtous，thatdeathshouldatlastputanendtosuchperfectenjoyment。Itiscruel，wethink，inNaturetocompelthemfromtheirexaltedstationstothathumble，buthospitablehome，whichshehasprovidedforallherchildren。GreatKing，liveforever！
　　isthecompliment，which，afterthemannerofeasternadulation，weshouldreadilymakethem，ifexperiencedidnotteachusitsabsurdity。Everycalamitythatbefalsthem，everyinjurythatisdonethem，excitesinthebreastofthespectatortentimesmorecompassionandresentmentthanhewouldhavefelt，hadthesamethingshappenedtoothermen。ItisthemisfortunesofKingsonlywhichaffordthepropersubjectsfortragedy。Theyresemble，inthisrespect，themisfortunesoflovers。Thosetwosituationsarethechiefwhichinterestusuponthetheatre；because，inspiteofallthatreasonandexperiencecantellustothecontrary，theprejudicesoftheimaginationattachtothesetwostatesahappinesssuperiortoanyother。Todisturb，ortoputanendtosuchperfectenjoyment，seemstobethemostatrociousofallinjuries。Thetraitorwhoconspiresagainstthelifeofhismonarch，isthoughtagreatermonsterthananyothermurderer。
　　Alltheinnocentbloodthatwasshedinthecivilwars，provokedlessindignationthanthedeathofCharlesI。Astrangertohumannature，whosawtheindifferenceofmenaboutthemiseryoftheirinferiors，andtheregretandindignationwhichtheyfeelforthemisfortunesandsufferingsofthoseabovethem，wouldbeapttoimagine，thatpainmustbemoreagonizing，andtheconvulsionsofdeathmoreterribletopersonsofhigherrank，thantothoseofmeanerstations。
　　Uponthisdispositionofmankind，togoalongwithallthepassionsoftherichandthepowerful，isfoundedthedistinctionofranks，andtheorderofsociety。Ourobsequiousnesstooursuperiorsmorefrequentlyarisesfromouradmirationfortheadvantagesoftheirsituation，thanfromanyprivateexpectationsofbenefitfromtheirgood-will。Theirbenefitscanextendbuttoafew。buttheirfortunesinterestalmosteverybody。Weareeagertoassistthemincompletingasystemofhappinessthatapproachessoneartoperfection；andwedesiretoservethemfortheirownsake，withoutanyotherrecompensebutthevanityorthehonourofobligingthem。Neitherisourdeferencetotheirinclinationsfoundedchiefly，oraltogether，uponaregardtotheutilityofsuchsubmission，andtotheorderofsociety，whichisbestsupportedbyit。Evenwhentheorderofsocietyseemstorequirethatweshouldopposethem，wecanhardlybringourselvestodoit。Thatkingsaretheservantsofthepeople，tobeobeyed，resisted，deposed，orpunished，asthepublicconveniencymayrequire，isthedoctrineofreasonandphilosophy；butitisnotthedoctrineofNature。Naturewouldteachustosubmittothemfortheirownsake，totrembleandbowdownbeforetheirexaltedstation，toregardtheirsmileasarewardsufficienttocompensateanyservices，andtodreadtheirdispleasure，thoughnootherevilweretofollowfromit，astheseverestofallmortifications。Totreattheminanyrespectasmen，toreasonanddisputewiththemuponordinaryoccasions，requiressuchresolution，thattherearefewmenwhosemagnanimitycansupporttheminit，unlesstheyarelikewiseassistedbyfamiliarityandacquaintance。Thestrongestmotives，themostfuriouspassions，fear，hatred，andresentment，arescarcesufficienttobalancethisnaturaldispositiontorespectthem:andtheirconductmust，eitherjustlyorunjustly，haveexcitedthehighestdegreeofallthosepassions，beforethebulkofthepeoplecanbebroughttoopposethemwithviolence，ortodesiretoseethemeitherpunishedordeposed。Evenwhenthepeoplehavebeenbroughtthislength，theyareapttorelenteverymoment，andeasilyrelapseintotheirhabitualstateofdeferencetothosewhomtheyhavebeenaccustomedtolookuponastheirnaturalsuperiors。Theycannotstandthemortificationoftheirmonarch。Compassionsoontakestheplaceofresentment，theyforgetallpastprovocations，theiroldprinciplesofloyaltyrevive，andtheyruntore-establishtheruinedauthorityoftheiroldmasters，withthesameviolencewithwhichtheyhadopposedit。ThedeathofCharlesIbroughtabouttheRestorationoftheroyalfamily。
　　CompassionforJamesIIwhenhewasseizedbythepopulaceinmakinghisescapeonship-board，hadalmostpreventedtheRevolution，andmadeitgoonmoreheavilythanbefore。
　　Dothegreatseeminsensibleoftheeasypriceatwhichtheymayacquirethepublicadmiration；ordotheyseemtoimaginethattothem，astoothermen，itmustbethepurchaseeitherofsweatorofblood？Bywhatimportantaccomplishmentsistheyoungnoblemaninstructedtosupportthedignityofhisrank，andtorenderhimselfworthyofthatsuperiorityoverhisfellow-citizens，towhichthevirtueofhisancestorshadraisedthem？Isitbyknowledge，byindustry，bypatience，byself-denial，orbyvirtueofanykind？Asallhiswords，asallhismotionsareattendedto，helearnsanhabitualregardtoeverycircumstanceofordinarybehaviour，andstudiestoperformallthosesmalldutieswiththemostexactpropriety。Asheisconscioushowmuchheisobserved，andhowmuchmankindaredisposedtofavourallhisinclinations，heacts，uponthemostindifferentoccasions，withthatfreedomandelevationwhichthethoughtofthisnaturallyinspires。Hisair，hismanner，hisdeportment，allmarkthatelegantandgracefulsenseofhisownsuperiority，whichthosewhoareborntoinferiorstationscanhardlyeverarriveat。Thesearetheartsbywhichheproposestomakemankindmoreeasilysubmittohisauthority，andtogoverntheirinclinationsaccordingtohisownpleasure:andinthisheisseldomdisappointed。Thesearts，supportedbyrankandpreheminence，are，uponordinaryoccasions，sufficienttogoverntheworld。LewisXIVduringthegreaterpartofhisreign，wasregarded，notonlyinFrance，butoverallEurope，asthemostperfectmodelofagreatprince。Butwhatwerethetalentsandvirtuesbywhichheacquiredthisgreatreputation？Wasitbythescrupulousandinflexiblejusticeofallhisundertakings，bytheimmensedangersanddifficultieswithwhichtheywereattended，orbytheunweariedandunrelentingapplicationwithwhichhepursuedthem？Wasitbyhisextensiveknowledge，byhisexquisitejudgment，orbyhisheroicvalour？Itwasbynoneofthesequalities。Buthewas，firstofall，themostpowerfulprinceinEurope，andconsequentlyheldthehighestrankamongkings；andthen，sayshishistorian，’hesurpassedallhiscourtiersinthegracefulnessofhisshape，andthemajesticbeautyofhisfeatures。Thesoundofhisvoice，nobleandaffecting，gainedthoseheartswhichhispresenceintimidated。Hehadastepandadeportmentwhichcouldsuitonlyhimandhisrank，andwhichwouldhavebeenridiculousinanyotherperson。Theembarrassmentwhichheoccasionedtothosewhospoketohim，flatteredthatsecretsatisfactionwithwhichhefelthisownsuperiority。Theoldofficer，whowasconfoundedandfaulteredinaskinghimafavour，andnotbeingabletoconcludehisdiscourse，saidtohim:Sir，yourmajesty，Ihope，willbelievethatIdonottremblethusbeforeyourenemies:hadnodifficultytoobtainwhathedemanded。’Thesefrivolousaccomplishments，supportedbyhisrank，and，nodoubttoo，byadegreeofothertalentsandvirtues，whichseems，however，nottohavebeenmuchabovemediocrity，establishedthisprinceintheesteemofhisownage，andhavedrawn，evenfromposterity，agooddealofrespectforhismemory。Comparedwiththese，inhisowntimes，andinhisownpresence，noothervirtue，itseems，appearedtohaveanymerit。
　　Knowledge，industry，valour，andbeneficence，trembled，wereabashed，andlostalldignitybeforethem。
　　Butitisnotbyaccomplishmentsofthiskind，thatthemanofinferiorrankmusthopetodistinguishhimself。Politenessissomuchthevirtueofthegreat，thatitwilldolittlehonourtoanybodybutthemselves。Thecoxcomb，whoimitatestheirmanner，andaffectstobeeminentbythesuperiorproprietyofhisordinarybehaviour，isrewardedwithadoubleshareofcontemptforhisfollyandpresumption。Whyshouldtheman，whomnobodythinksitworthwhiletolookat，beveryanxiousaboutthemannerinwhichheholdsuphishead，ordisposesofhisarmswhilehewalksthrougharoom？Heisoccupiedsurelywithaverysuperfluousattention，andwithanattentiontoothatmarksasenseofhisownimportance，whichnoothermortalcangoalongwith。Themostperfectmodestyandplainness，joinedtoasmuchnegligenceasisconsistentwiththerespectduetothecompany，oughttobethechiefcharacteristicsofthebehaviourofaprivateman。Ifeverhehopestodistinguishhimself，itmustbebymoreimportantvirtues。Hemustacquiredependantstobalancethedependantsofthegreat，andhehasnootherfundtopaythemfrom，butthelabourofhisbody，andtheactivityofhismind。
　　Hemustcultivatethesetherefore:hemustacquiresuperiorknowledgeinhisprofession，andsuperiorindustryintheexerciseofit。Hemustbepatientinlabour，resoluteindanger，andfirmindistress。Thesetalentshemustbringintopublicview，bythedifficulty，importance，and，atthesametime，goodjudgmentofhisundertakings，andbythesevereandunrelentingapplicationwithwhichhepursuesthem。Probityandprudence，generosityandfrankness，mustcharacterizehisbehaviouruponallordinaryoccasions；andhemust，atthesametime，beforwardtoengageinallthosesituations，inwhichitrequiresthegreatesttalentsandvirtuestoactwithpropriety，butinwhichthegreatestapplauseistobeacquiredbythosewhocanacquitthemselveswithhonour。Withwhatimpatiencedoesthemanofspiritandambition，whoisdepressedbyhissituation，lookroundforsomegreatopportunitytodistinguishhimself？Nocircumstances，whichcanaffordthis，appeartohimundesirable。