FirstwehaveTalesforChildren，publishedabouttheyear1872，andremindingusofthetimewhenTolstoywasabsorbedineffortstoeducatethepeasantchildren。ThissectionofthebookcontainsthetwostorieswhichofallthathehaswrittenTolstoylikesbest。InWhatisArt？heclaimsnoplaceamongexamplesofgoodartforanyofhisownproductions’exceptforthestoryGodseestheTruth，butWaits，whichseeksaplaceinthefirstclassreligiousart，andAPrisonerintheCaucasus，whichbelongstotheseconduniversalart。’InthefirstofthesethesubjectafavouriteonewithTolstoyistheforgivenessofinjuries。
　　Theseconddealswiththesimplestfeelingscommontoallmen:fearandcourage，pity，endurance，&；c。’expressedwiththatindividuality，clearness，andsincerity，whichTolstoysaysarethesignsoftrueart。
　　containsaseriesofstorieswrittenforthepeople；andamongthemWhatMenLiveBy，probablythemostwidelycirculatedofallTolstoy’stales。Itisfoundedontheoft-repeatedlegendofanangelsentbyGodtoliveforawhileamongmen。
　　consistsofaFairyTale，Ivá；ntheFool，whichcontainsinpopularformTolstoy’sindictmentofmilitarismandcommercialism。
　　containsthreeshortstorieswrittentohelpthesaleofcheapreproductionsofsomegooddrawings；Tolstoyhavingformanyyearsbeenanxiousbyallmeansinhispowertofurtherthecirculation，atacheapprice，ofgoodworksofpictorialaswellasliteraryart。
　　InwehaveaseriesofRussianFolk-Tales。Thegemsofthiscollectionarethetemperancestory，TheImpandtheCrust，theanti-warstory，TheEmptyDrum，andanotherstory，HowMuchLanddoesaManNeed？whichdealswithapeasant’sgreedforland。AGrainasbigasaHen’sEggandTheGodsonarehighlycharacteristicofthespiritoftheRussianpeasantry，andsupplyaglimpseofthesourcesfromwhenceTolstoyimbibedmanyofhisownspiritualsympathiesandantipathies。
　　givestwoadaptationsfromtheFrenchwhichhaveappearedinnopreviousEnglisheditionofTolstoy’sworks。Theyarenotmerelytranslations，fortosomeextentTolstoywhentranslatingthem，modifiedthemandmadethemhisown。
　　consistsofstoriesTolstoycontributedinaidoftheJewsleftdestituteafterthemassacresandoutragesinKishiné；fandelsewhereinRussiain1903，——outrageswhichwereforerunnersoftheyetmoreterribleJewishmassacresof1905。
　　TheimportanceTolstoyattributestoliteratureofthekindcontainedinthisvolume，isshownbythefollowingpassageinWhatisArt？——
　　’Theartistofthefuturewillunderstandthattocomposeafairytale，alittlesongwhichwilltouchalullabyorariddlewhichwillentertain，ajestwhichwillamuse，ortodrawasketchsuchaswilldelightdozensofgenerationsormillionsofchildrenandadults，isincomparablymoreimportantandmorefruitfulthantocomposeanovel，orasymphony，orpaintapicture，ofthekindwhichdivertssomemembersofthewealthyclassesforashorttimeandisthenforeverforgotten。Theregionofthisartofthesimplestfeelingsaccessibletoallisenormous，anditisasyetalmostuntouched。’
　　Thesectionsofthebookhavebeenarrangedinchronologicalorder。
　　Thedatewheneachstorywaspublishedisgiven。Thetranslationsarenewones，andforthefootnotesIamresponsible。
　　godseesthetruth，butwaitsGODSEESTHETRUTH，BUTWAITS
　　INthetownofVladí；mirlivedayoungmerchantnamedIvá；nDmí；tritchAksyó；nof。Hehadtwoshopsandahouseofhisown。
　　Aksyó；nofwasahandsome，fair-haired，curly-headedfellow，fulloffun，andveryfondofsinging。Whenquiteayoungmanhehadbeengiventodrink，andwasriotouswhenhehadhadtoomuch，butafterhemarriedhegaveupdrinking，exceptnowandthen。
　　OnesummerAksyó；nofwasgoingtotheNí；zhnyFair，andashebadegood-byetohisfamilyhiswifesaidtohim，’Ivá；nDmí；tritch，donotstartto-day；Ihavehadabaddreamaboutyou。’
　　Aksyó；noflaughed，andsaid，’YouareafraidthatwhenIgettothefairIshallgoonthespree。’
　　Hiswifereplied:’IdonotknowwhatIamafraidof；allIknowisthatIhadabaddream。Idreamtyoureturnedfromthetown，andwhenyoutookoffyourcapIsawthatyourhairwasquitegrey。’
　　Aksyó；noflaughed。’That’saluckysign，’saidhe。’SeeifIdon’tselloutallmygoods，andbringyousomepresentsfromthefair。’
　　Sohesaidgood-byetohisfamily，anddroveaway。
　　Whenhehadtravelledhalf-way，hemetamerchantwhomheknew，andtheyputupatthesameinnforthenight。Theyhadsometeatogether，andthenwenttobedinadjoiningrooms。
　　ItwasnotAksyó；nof’shabittosleeplate，and，wishingtotravelwhileitwasstillcool，hearousedhisdriverbeforedawn，andtoldhimtoputinthehorses。
　　Thenhemadehiswayacrosstothelandlordoftheinnwholivedinacottageattheback，paidhisbill，andcontinuedhisjourney。
　　Whenhehadgoneabouttwenty-fivemiles，hestoppedforthehorsestobefed。Aksyó；nofrestedawhileinthepassageoftheinn，thenhesteppedoutintotheporchand，orderingasamová；r[1]
　　tobeheatedgotouthisguitarandbegantoplay。
　　Suddenlyatró；yka[2]droveupwithtinklingbells，andanofficialalighted，followedbytwosoldiers。HecametoAksyó；nofandbegantoquestionhim，askinghimwhohewasandwhencehecame。Aksyó；nofansweredhimfully，andsaid，’Won’tyouhavesometeawithme？’Buttheofficialwentoncross-questioninghimandaskinghim，’Wheredidyouspendlastnight？Wereyoualone，orwithafellow-merchant？Didyouseetheothermerchantthismorning？Whydidyouleavetheinnbeforedawn？’
　　Aksyó；nofwonderedwhyhewasaskedallthesequestions，buthedescribedallthathadhappened，andthenadded，’Whydoyoucross-questionmeasifIwereathieforarobber？Iamtravellingonbusinessofmyown，andthereisnoneedtoquestionme。’
　　Thentheofficial，callingthesoldiers，said，’Iamthepolice-officerofthisdistrict，andIquestionyoubecausethemerchantwithwhomyouspentlastnighthasbeenfoundwithhisthroatcut。Wemustsearchyourthings。’
　　Theyenteredthehouse。Thesoldiersandthepolice-officerunstrappedAksyó；nof’sluggageandsearchedit。Suddenlytheofficerdrewaknifeoutofabag，crying，’Whoseknifeisthis？’
　　Aksyó；noflooked，andseeingablood-stainedknifetakenfromhisbag，hewasfrightened。
　　’Howisitthereisbloodonthisknife？’
　　Aksyó；noftriedtoanswer，butcouldhardlyutteraword，andonlystammered:’I——Idon’tknow——notmine。’
　　Thenthepolice-officersaid，’Thismorningthemerchantwasfoundinbedwithhisthroatcut。Youaretheonlypersonwhocouldhavedoneit。Thehousewaslockedfrominside，andnooneelsewasthere。Hereisthisbloodstainedknifeinyourbag，andyourfaceandmannerbetrayyou！Tellmehowyoukilledhim，andhowmuchmoneyyoustole？’
　　Aksyó；nofsworehehadnotdoneit；thathehadnotseenthemerchantaftertheyhadhadteatogether；thathehadnomoneyexcepteightthousandroubles[3]ofhisown，andthattheknifewasnothis。Buthisvoicewasbroken，hisfacepale，andhetrembledwithfearasthoughhewereguilty。
　　Thepolice-officerorderedthesoldierstobindAksyó；nofandtoputhiminthecart。Astheytiedhisfeettogetherandflunghimintothecart，Aksyó；nofcrossedhimselfandwept。Hismoneyandgoodsweretakenfromhim，andhewassenttothenearesttownandimprisonedthere。EnquiriesastohischaracterweremadeinVladí；mir。Themerchantsandotherinhabitantsofthattownsaidthatinformerdaysheusedtodrinkandwastehistime，butthathewasagoodman。Thenthetrialcameon:hewaschargedwithmurderingamerchantfromRyazá；n，androbbinghimoftwentythousandroubles。
　　Hiswifewasindespair，anddidnotknowwhattobelieve。Herchildrenwereallquitesmall；onewasababyatherbreast。
　　Takingthemallwithher，shewenttothetownwhereherhusbandwasingaol。Atfirstshewasnotallowedtoseehim；but，aftermuchbegging，sheobtainedpermissionfromtheofficials，andwastakentohim。Whenshesawherhusbandinprison-dressandinchains，shutupwiththievesandcriminals，shefelldown，anddidnotcometohersensesforalongtime。
　　Thenshedrewherchildrentoher，andsatdownnearhim。Shetoldhimofthingsathome，andaskedaboutwhathadhappenedtohim。Hetoldherall，andsheasked，’Whatcanwedonow？’
　　’WemustpetitiontheTsarnottoletaninnocentmanperish。’
　　HiswifetoldhimthatshehadsentapetitiontotheTsar，butthatithadnotbeenaccepted。