CoveredavenuenearAntequera。
　　AtGavr’innis，thelengthofthepassageleadingtothecryptexceedsforty-twofeetFig。62，andtheLongBarrowofWestKennetismorethanseventy-threefeetlongbyawidthinsomepartsexceedingthirty-twofeet。IntheLongBarrowsofLittleton，Nempnitt，andUley，thecryptisreachedbyanavenue，theentranceofwhichisclosedbyatrilithon，andasimilararrangementismetwithinmanymegalithicmonumentsofScania。Thesepulchralchambersofovalshape，suchasthatmetwithintheislandofMoen，weresurmountedbyatumulussome100yds。incircumference；twelveunhewnstonesformedthewalls，andfivelargeblockstheroof。InremovingtheearthfromtheMoentomb，thebonesofseveralhumanindividualswerefound；andaskeleton，doubtlessthatofthechief，laystretchedoutinthemiddleofthechamber，whilstthebonesoftheothershadevidentlybeenrangedagainstthewallseitherinasittingorcrouchingposition。Withtheboneswerefoundaflinthatchet，whichappearednevertohavebeenused，anumberofballsofamber，andseveralvasesofdifferentshapes。
　　GroundplanoftheGavr’innismonument。
　　ThemegalithicmonumentsofMecklenburgaresupposedtodatefromNeolithictimes，andareconstructedintwoverydifferentways。TheHUNENGRABER，formedofhugeblocksofgranitesetupatrightanglestoeachother，resemblethecoveredavenuesofFranceandelsewhere；
　　intheso-calledRIESENBETTEN，orgiant’sbeds，onthecontrary，thesepulchralchamberismerelysunkintheground。
　　Wemustalsomentiontheso-calledGROTTEDESFEES，orfairygrotto，formingpartofsomanyofthemegalithicmonumentsofProvence。Thisfairygrottoincludesanopen-airgallerycutinthemountainlimestoneandroofedinwithhugeflatstones。Thisgalleryleadstoasepulchralchambernotlessthanseventy-ninefeetlong。
　　ThestonesusedforthecoveredavenueofMureauxSeineetOise
　　carnefromtheothersideoftheSeine，sothatthebuildersmusthavecrossedtheriverinaraft。Excavationshavebroughttolightseveralskeletonsthathadbeenburiedwithoutanyattemptatorientation，theboresofwhichwerestillintheirnaturalposition。TheobjectsfoundinthistombwereverynumerousmidbelongedtotheNeolithicperiod。[153]
　　Wehavenowspecifiedthechiefformsandmodesofarrangementofmegalithicmonuments，andmustaddthattheyareoftenfoundinjuxtaposition。AtMane-Lud，forinstance，onarockyplatformwhichhadbeenartificiallysmoothed，andwhichissome246feetlongby162inarea，wefindattheeasternextremityanavenueofuprightstones，onthewestadolmen，andinthecentreacryptsurmountedbyaconicalpileofstones。Betweentheconeandtheavenuethegroundiscoveredwithanartificialpavingofsmallstonescementedtogether，andknowninFranceasaNAPPEPIERREUSE，andamongstthestonesformingthispavingwerefoundquantitiesofcharcoalandbonesofanimals。Themegalithwascompletelyburiedbeneathamoundofearth，orratherofdriedmud，theamountofwhichwasestimatedatmorethan37，986cubicfeet。AtLestridiouFinistere，acromlechformsthestarting-pointofanalignmentformedofsevenrowsofsmallmenhirs，themeanheightofwhichabovethegrounddoesnotexceedthreefeet；
　　andthesealignmentsleaduptotwocoveredavenuesandacentraldolmen。Inothercases，inEnglandandthelandofMoabforinstance，alignmentssimplyleadtocromlechs；whilstinsomefewcases，asatStennisFig。63，themenhirsarescatteredaboutaplainingreatnumbers，withnothingeitherintheirformortheirposition，orinthetraditionsrelatingtothem，tothrowtheslightestlightontheirorigin。
　　MonolithsatStennis，intheOrkney，Islands。
　　OneofthemostimportantmonumentsthathavecomedowntousisthatofCarnac。ThealignmentsofMenec，Kermario，andKerlescantinclude1，771menhirs，ofwhich675arestillstanding。ThealignmentsofErdeven，whichsucceedthoseofCarnac，extendforalengthofmorethanamileandahalf。Theyoriginallyincluded1，030menhirs，ofwhich288arestillextant。
　　ThearchaeologistsofBrittany，carriedawayperhapsbytheirpatrioticenthusiasm，claimthatwhenthesemonumentswereintacttheyincludedtwothousandmenhirs。Whatisreallycertain，however，isthatadefiniteplanwasevidentlyfollowed，thedistancesbetweenthealignmentstallyingexactly；themenhirsbeingsetupinstraightparallellinesgraduallydecreasinginsizetowardstheeast。Excavationsnearthemhavebroughttolightfragmentsofcharcoal，massesofcinders，chipsofsilicateofflint，withnumerousfragmentsofpottery，andtoolsmadeofquartzite，granite，schist，anddiorite，similartothosemetwithunderalltheothermegalithsofMorbihan。Thisisyetanotherproof，ifsuchwereneeded，thattheywerealltheworkofthesameraceandallprobablydatefromthesameperiod。
　　Thenumberofmegalithicmonumentsintheworldissimplyincalculable。M。A。BertrandestimatesthetotalnumberinFranceas2，582，distributedin66departmentsand1，200communes。TheyaremostnumerousofallinBrittany；thereare491intheCotes-du-Nord，530inIlle-et-Vilaine。IamnotsureofthenumberinMorbihan，butIknowitisveryconsiderable。ThecommissionappointedattheinstigationofHenryMartindecidedthattherewereasmanyas6，310megalithsinFrance，butthenamongstthesewereincludedpolishingstonesandcup-shapedstones，withothersimilarrelicsoftheremotepast。Lastly，areportrecentlypresentedtotheChamberofDeputiesbyM。A。Proustestimatesat419thenumberofgroupsclassedbygovernment。Inothercountriesthesenumbersaregreatlyexceeded。Thereare2，000megalithsintheOrkneyIslandsandagreatmanyintheextremenorthofScania，andinOtrantointhesouthernextremityofEurope，wheretheyresemblethePEDRASFITTAS
　　ofSardinia。Pallas，andafterhim，Haxthausen，tellsusthattherearethousandsofkurganesinthesteppesofCentralandSouthernRussia。[154]Thesekurganesarecromlechs，tombssurmountedbyuprightstones，squareorconicalhypogea，allscatteredaboutwithoutanyapparentsystem，surmountedbyroughlysculpturedfemalebusts，knownamongstthecommonpeopleasKAMENABABA，orstonewomen。Tumuli，too，aboundontheshoresoftheIrtischandoftheYenisei，mutewitnessestotheformerpresenceofavanishedraceofwhichweknowneithertheancestorsnorthedescendants。Thesemonumentsare，however，bysomeattributedtotheTchoudes，apeoplewhocamefromtheAltaiMountains。TheEsthonians，theOgrisorUlgres，theFinns，andperhapseventheCelts，aresupposedtobebranchesofthesameethnologicaltree。Thisishoweverquitearecentidea，andatbestbutamerehypothesis。[155]
　　Algeriapresentsavastfieldforresearch，anditiseasytofinddolmensandcromlechs，suchasthatshowninFig。64，whicharesepulchreswithacentraldolmensurroundedbyadoubleortripleenceinteofmonolithsdrivenintotheground。Thesemonuments，muchastheydifferinformandarrangement，areundoubtedlytheworkofonestrongandpowerfulracethatdominatedthewholeofthenorthofAfrica；andarerepresentedinhistorictimesbytheBerbers，andatthepresentclaybytheKabyles。
　　CromlechnearBoneAlgeria。
　　Althoughaverygreatmanyofthemhavebeendestroyed，theFrenchpossessionsinAlgeriaarestillasrichinmonumentsofthiskindasanyofthecountriesofEurope。OnMountRedgel-Safiasixhundreddolmenshavebeenmadeout，withstonetablesrestingonwallsofdrystonesandfrequentlysurroundedbycromlechs。Dr。WeisgerberhasrecentlyannouncedthediscoveryinthevalleyofAin-Massin，onthevestofMzab，ofacromlechconsistingofanumberofconcentriccirclesoflargestonessetuponanellipticaltumulus，morethanfifty-foursquareyardsinarea。Quitecloseisaworkshopofflintweapons，probablyinuseatthetimeoftheerectionofthemegaliths。[156]InMidjana，thenumberofmegalithsexceeds10，000，andGeneralFaidherbecountedmorethan2，000inthenecropolisofMazela，andayetlargernumberinthatofRoknia。“AtBou-Merzoug，“
　　saysM。Feraud，[157]“inaradiusofthreeleagues，onthemountainaswellasontheplain，thewholecountryaboutthespringsiscoveredwithmonumentsoftheCelticform，suchasdolmens，demi-dolmens，menhirs，avenues，andtumuli。Inaword，therearetobefoundexamplesofnearlyeverytypeknowninEurope。Forfearofbeingtaxedwithexaggeration，Iwillnotfixthenumber，butIcancertifythatIsawandexaminedmorethanathousandinthethreedaysofexploration，onthemountainitself，andonthedeclivitieswhereveritwaspossibletoplacethem。Allthemonumentsaresurroundedwithamoreorlesscompleteenceinteoflargestones。sometimessetupinacircle，sometimesinasquare，Insomecasesthelivingrockformshartoftheenceinte，whichhasbeencompletedwiththehelpofotherblocksfrolicelsewhere。Itisoftendifficulttodecidewherethemonumentend，andtherockbegins。Whentheescarpmentwastooabrupt，itwaslevelledwiththeaidofakindofretainingwall，whichformsaterraceroundthedolmen。Thedolmensintheplainseemtohavebeenconstructedwithevengreatercare。Theenceintesarewiderandtheslabsofthetableslarger。“Megalithicmonumentsaremetwitheveninthedesert。ApyramidbuiltofstoneswithoutmortarrisesupinthedistrictsinhabitedbytheTouaregs；andquiteneartoitarefourorfivetombssurroundedbystandingstones。
　　InAlgeria，wealsomeetwithquadrangularpyramidscalledDJEDAS，whichmeasureasmuchasninetyfeetoneachface，butdonotrisemorethanthreefeetabovetheground。Theleadwereburiedbeneaththeminacrouchingposition。Weknownothingeitheroftheoriginofthesedjedasorofthedatetowhichtheybelong。
　　ThemonumentsofTunisiawereprobablyasnumerousasthoseofAlgeria。WemaynoteespeciallythevastareainEnfida，completelycoveredwithdolmens，onehundredofwhicharestillstanding，andinexcellentpreservation，whilsttheruinsofothersstrewthesoil，bringinguptheiroriginalnumbertoatleastthreethousand。ThosedescribedbyM。GirarddeRialle[158]areyetmoreinteresting。NearthevillageofEllez，ontheroadfromKeftoKerouan，aresomefifteencoveredavenuesdistributedwithoutapparentorder，andrisingfromthemidstofRomanruins。Theuprightstonesvaryfromabouttentothirteenfeet，andaresurmountedbyhugeslabs。Thechiefdolmenhaswithinitasmanyastenchambers。
　　TherearealsonumeroustumuliinSyria。WehavealreadyalludedtothatofSarepta；andthereareothersnearAntiochandintheplainofBeka，betweenLebanonandAnti-Lebanon。MajorConder，whoascaptainconductedtheinterestingcampaignorganizedbythePalestineExplorationSocietyin1881and1882，speaksoftheexplorationoftherudestonemonumentsasoneofthemostinterestingfeaturesofthesurveys，andsays：“ThedistributionofthecentreswherethesemonumentsoccurinSyria，isamatterofnolittleimportance……nodolmens，menhirs，orancientcircleshavebeendiscoveredinJudaea，andonlyonedoubtfulcircleinSamaria。InLowerGalileeasingledolmenhasbeenfound；inUpperGalileefourofmoderatedimensionsareknown。WestofTiberiasisacircle，andbetweenTyreandSidonanenclosureofmenhirs。AtTellelKady，oneoftheJordansources，acentreofbasaltdolmensexists，andatKefrWal……thereisanotherlargecentre。AtAmmanseveralfinedolmensandlargemenhirsareknowntoexist……itisdoubtful，however，ifalltheseexamplesaddedtogetherwouldequalthegreatfieldsofrudestonemonumentstobefoundinMoab，foritiscalculatedthatsevenhundredexampleswerefoundbythesurveyorsin1881。[159]ThereisonegroupofdolmensatAliSafat，inPalestine，inwhichthesupportsofthetablearepiercedwithanopening。Thisisaveryinterestingfact，towhichIhavealreadyalluded，andtowhichIshallhavetoreferagain。AnothergroupofsometwentydolmenswasdiscoveredbyM。deSaulcyontheplateauofElAzemieh，oneofwhichrisesinthecentreofabeltofroughlysculptureduprightstones；andyetathirdgroupistobeseennearMountNebo，whichMajorConderthusdescribes：
　　“Hereawell-defineddolmenwasfoundnorthwestoftheflat，ruinedcairn，whichharksthesummitoftheride。Thecap-stonewasverythick，anditstopissomefivefeetfromtheground。Theside-stoneswererudelypiled，andnoneoftheblockswerecutorshaped……Insubsequentvisitsitwasascertainedthatonthesouthslopeofthemountainthereisacircleabout250feetindiameter，withawalloftwelvefeetthick，consistingofsmallstonespiledupinasortofvellum。“[160]