Thatthepoemcontainsmuchwhichisbeautifulisundeniable,alsothatitissurchargedwithwinsomeandprofoundthoughtsandamultitudeofwill-o’-the-wisp-likefancieswhichallshapetowardshighthinking。
ButitismonotonousasoneoftheenormousAmericaninlandseastoaloveroftheocean,towhomthesaltbrineisasthebreathofdelight。
Thefatalfacilityoftheheroiccouplettolapseintodiffuseness,has,coupledwithawarpedanxietyforirreducibleconcision,beenBrowning’sruinhere。
Thereisonechargeevenyettoofrequentlymadeagainst“Sordello“,thatof“obscurity“。Itsinterestmaybefoundremote,itstreatmentverbose,itsintricaciespuzzlingtothoseunaccustomedtoexcursionsfromthefamiliarhighwaysofoldusage,butitsmotivethoughtisnotobscure。Itisamoonlitplaincomparedwiththe“silvaoscura“ofthe“DivinaCommedia“。
SurelythisquestionofBrowning’sobscuritywasexpelledtotheLimboofDeadStupiditieswhenMr。Swinburne,inperiodsasresplendentasthewhirlingwheelsofPhoebusApollo’schariot,wrotehisfamousincidentalpassageinhis“EssayonChapman“。
Tooprobably,inthedimdisintegratingfuturewhichwillreduceallouro’ertopplingextremes,“Sordello“willbeaslittlereadas“TheFaerieQueene“,and,similarly,onlyforthegleamofthequenchlesslampsamiditslongdesertedalleysandstatelyavenues。
Sadlyenough,fortopoetsitwillalwaysbeanunforgottenland
acontinentwithamaranth-hauntedValesofTempe,where,asSpensersaysinoneoftheAecloguesof“TheShepherd’sCalendar“,theywillthereoftentimes“sittenasdrounedindreme。“
Ithas,forthosewhoarenotrepelled,acharmallitsown。
Iknowofnootherpoeminthelanguagewhichisatoncesowearisomeandsoseductive。Howcanoneexplainparadoxes?
Thereisacharm,orthereisnone:thatiswhatitamountsto,foreachindividual。`Tuttigaisogusti,emigoimii’
“everybodyfollowshistaste,andIfollowmine,“astheVenetiansaying,quotedbyBrowningattheheadofhisRawdonBrownsonnet,hasit。
Allthatneedbeknownconcerningtheframeworkof“Sordello“,andoftherealSordellohimself,willbefoundinthevariousBrowninghand-books,inMr。Nettleship’sandotherdissertations,and,particularly,inMrs。Dall’smostcircumspectandablehistoricalessay。
ItissufficientheretosaythatwhiletheSordelloandPalmaofthepoetaretraceableintheCunizzaandthestrangecomet-likeSordellooftheItalianandProvencalChronicleswhohashissecureimmortality,byDantesetforthinleonineguise`aguisadileonquandosiposa’
inthe“Purgatorio“,boththesearethemostshadowyofprototypes。
TheSordelloofBrowningisatypicalpoeticsoul:thenarrativeoftheincidentsinthedevelopmentofthissoulisadaptedtothehistoricalsettingfurnishedbytheaforesaidChronicles。
SordelloisafarmoreprofoundstudythanAprilein“Paracelsus“,inwhom,however,heisobviouslyforeshadowed。TheradicalflawinhisnatureisthatindicatedbyGoetheofHeine,that“hehadnoheart。“
Thepoemisthenarrativeofhistranscendentaspirations,andmoreorlessfutileaccomplishment。
Itwouldbevaintoattempthereanyadequateexcerptionoflinesofsingularbeauty。Readersfamiliarwiththepoemwillrecallpassageafterpassageamongwhichthereisprobablynonemorewidelyknownthanthegrandiosesunsetlines:
“Thatautumnevewasstilled:
AlastremainsofsunsetdimlyburnedO’erthefarforests,likeatorch-flameturnedBythewindbackuponitsbearer’shandInonelongflareofcrimson;asabrand,Thewoodsbeneathlayblack。“……
Whathauntinglinesthereare,everyhereandtheresuchasthoseofPalma,withhergoldenhairlikespiltsunbeams,orthoseonElys,withher“FewfinelocksColouredlikehoneyoozedfromtopmostrocksSun-blanchedthelivelongsummer,“
orthese,“DaybydayNewpollenonthelily-petalgrows,Andstillmorelabyrinthinebudstherose“
or,oncemore,“Atouchdivine
Andthesealedeyeballownsthemysticrod;
VisiblythroughhisgardenwalkethGod“
But,thoughsorelytempted,Imustnotquotefurther,saveonlytheconcludinglinesoftheunparalleledandimpassionedaddresstoDante:
“Dante,paceroftheshoreWheregluttedhelldisgorgethfilthiestgloom,Unbittenbyitswhirringsulphur-spume,OrwhencethegrievedandobscurewatersslopeIntoadarknessquietedbyhope;
PluckerofamaranthsgrownbeneathGod’seyeIngracioustwilightswherehischosenlie“
Itisafairland,forthosewhohavelingeredinitsbyways:
but,alas,atroubledtideofstrangemetres,ofdesperaterhythms,ofwildconjunctions,ofpanic-strickencollocations,oftentimesoverwhelmsit。“Sordello“grewunderthepoet’sfashioningtill,likethemagicvapouroftheArabianwizard,itpassedbeyondhiscontrol,“voluminouslyvast。“
Itisnotthetruestadmirersofwhatisgoodinitwhowillrefusetosmileatthemiseriesofconscientiousbutbaffledreaders。
WhocanfailtosympathisewithDouglasJerroldwhen,slowlyconvalescentfromaseriousillness,hefoundamongsomenewbookssenthimbyafriendacopyof“Sordello“。
ThomasPowell,writingin1849,haschronicledtheepisode。
Afewlines,hesays,putJerroldinastateofalarm。
Sentenceaftersentencebroughtnoconsecutivethoughttohisbrain。
Atlasttheideaoccurredtohimthatinhisillnesshismentalfacultieshadbeenwrecked。Theperspirationrolledfromhisforehead,andsmitinghisheadhesankbackonthesofa,crying,“OGod,IAManidiot!“Alittlelater,addsPowell,whenJerrold’swifeandsisterentered,hethrust“Sordello“intotheirhands,demandingwhattheythoughtofit。Hewatchedthemintentlywhiletheyread。
WhenatlastMrs。Jerroldremarked,“Idon’tunderstandwhatthismanmeans;
itisgibberish,“herdelightedhusbandgaveasighofreliefandexclaimed,“ThankGod,IamNOTanidiot!“
ManyfriendsofBrowningwillrememberhisrecountingthisincidentalmostintheseverywords,andhisenjoymenttherein:
thoughhewouldneveradmitjustificationforsuchpuzzlement。
ButmoreillustriouspersonagesthanDouglasJerroldwerepuzzledbythepoem。
LordTennysonmanfullytackledit,butheisreportedtohaveadmittedinbitternessofspirit:“TherewereonlytwolinesinitthatIunderstood,andtheywerebothlies;theyweretheopeningandclosinglines,`WhowillmayhearSordello’sstorytold,’and`WhowouldhasheardSordello’sstorytold!’“Carlylewasequallycandid:“Mywife,“hewrites,“hasreadthrough`Sordello’withoutbeingabletomakeoutwhether`Sordello’wasaman,oracity,orabook。“
Inanarticleonthispoem,inaFrenchmagazine,M。OdysseBarotquotesapassagewherethepoetsays“Godgavemantwofaculties“
andadds,“IwishwhileHewasaboutit`pendantqu’iletaitentrain’
Godhadsuppliedanotherviz。,thepowerofunderstandingMr。Browning。“
AndwhodoesnotrememberthesadexperienceofgenerousanddelightfulGileadP。Beck,in“TheGoldenButterfly“:how,after“FifineattheFair“,frightfulsymptomssetin,tillindespairhetookup“RedCottonNightcapCountry“,andfellforhoursintoadullcomatosemisery。
“Hiseyeswerebloodshot,hishairwaspushedindisorderabouthishead,hischeekswereflushed,hishandsweretrembling,thenervesinhisfaceweretwitching。Thenhearose,andsolemnlycursedRobertBrowning。
Andthenhetookallhisvolumes,and,disposingthemcarefullyinthefireplace,setlighttothem。`Iwish,’hesaid,`thatIcouldputthepoettheretoo。’“Oneotheranecdoteofthekindwasoften,withevidenthumorousappreciation,recountedbythepoet。
OnhisintroductiontotheChineseAmbassador,asa“brother-poet“,heaskedthatdignitarywhatkindofpoeticexpressionheparticularlyaffected。Thegreatmandeliberated,andthenrepliedthathispoetrymightbedefinedas“enigmatic“。
Browningatonceadmittedhisfraternalkinship。
Thathewashimselfawareoftheshortcomingsof“Sordello“asaworkofartisnotdisputable。In1863,Mrs。Orrsays,heconsideredtheadvisabilityof“rewritingitinamoretransparentmanner,butconcludedthatthelabourwouldbedisproportionatetotheresult,andcontentedhimselfwithsummarisingthecontentsofeach`book’inacontinuousheading,whichrepresentsthemainthreadofthestory。“
TheessentialmanlinessofBrowningisevidentinthefamousdedicationtotheFrenchcriticMilsand,whowasamonghisearlyadmirers。
“Myownfaultsofexpressionweremany;butwithcareforamanorbooksuchwouldbesurmounted,andwithoutitwhatavailsthefaultlessnessofeither?
Iblamenobody,leastofallmyself,whodidmybestthenandsince。“
Whateverbethefateof“Sordello“,onethingpertinenttoitshallsurvive:
thememorablesentenceinthededicatorypreface“Mystresslayontheincidentsinthedevelopmentofasoul:littleelseisworthstudy。“
Thepoemhasdisastrousfaults,butisamagnificentfailure。
“Vastasnight,“toborrowasimilefromVictorHugo,but,likenight,innumerouslystarred。