there，allmannerofchoice，utmostfree-will，butwithconditionsinexorableandimmeasurableannexedtoeveryexerciseofthesame。Amostfreecommonwealthof“voters；“butwithEternalJusticetopresideoverit，EternalJusticeenforcedbyAlmightyPower！Thisisthemodelof“constitutions；“this：norinanyNationwheretherehasnotyetinsomesupportableandwithalsomeconstantlyincreasingdegreebeenconfidedtothe_Noblest_，withhisselectseriesof_Nobler_，thedivineeverlastingdutyofdirectingandcontrollingtheIgnoble，hasthe“KingdomofGod，“whichweallprayfor，“come，“norcan“Hiswill“even_tend_tobe“doneonEarthasitisinHeaven“tillthen。MyChristianfriends，andindeedmySham-ChristianandAnti-Christian，andallmannerofmen，areinvitedtoreflectonthis。Theywillfindittobethetruthofthecase。TheNobleinthehighplace，theIgnobleinthelow；thatis，inalltimesandinallcountries，theAlmightyMaker’sLaw。
　　ToraisetheSham-Noblest，andsolemnlyconsecratehimbywhatevermethod，new-devised，orslavishlyadheredtofromoldwont，this，littleaswemayregardit，is，inalltimesandcountries，apracticalblasphemy，andNaturewillinnowiseforgetit。Alas，thereliestheorigin，thefatalnecessity，ofmodernDemocracyeverywhere。ItistheNoblest，nottheSham-Noblest；itisGod-Almighty’sNoble，nottheCourt-Tailor’sNoble，northeAble-Editor’sNoble，thatmust，insomeapproximatedegree，beraisedtothesupremeplace；heandnotacounterfeit，——underpenalties！Penaltiesdeepasdeath，andatlengthterribleashell-on-earth，myconstitutionalfriend！——Willtheballot-boxraisetheNoblesttothechiefplace；doesanysanemandeliberatelybelievesuchathing？Thatneverthelessistheindispensableresult，attainithowwemay：ifthatisattained，allisattained；ifnotthat，nothing。Hethatcannotbelievetheballot-boxtobeattainingit，willbecomparativelyindifferenttotheballot-box。Excellentforkeepingtheship’screwatpeaceundertheirPhantasmCaptain；butunserviceable，undersuch，forgettingroundCapeHorn。Alas，thatthereshouldbehumanbeingsrequiringtohavethesethingsarguedof，atthislatetimeofday！
　　Isay，itistheeverlastingprivilegeofthefoolishtobegovernedbythewise；tobeguidedintherightpathbythosewhoknowitbetterthanthey。Thisisthefirst“rightofman；“
　　comparedwithwhichallotherrightsareasnothing，——meresuperfluities，corollarieswhichwillfollowoftheirownaccordoutofthis；iftheybenotcontradictionstothis，andlessthannothing！Tothewiseitisnotaprivilege；farotherindeed。
　　Doubtless，asbringingpreservationtotheircountry，itimpliespreservationofthemselveswithal；butintrinsicallyitistheharshestdutyawiseman，ifhebeindeedwise，haslaidtohishand。Adutywhichhewouldfainenoughshirk；whichaccordingly，inthesesadtimesofdoubtandcowardlysloth，hehaslongeverywherebeenendeavoringtoreducetoitsminimum，andhasinfactinmostcasesnearlyescapedaltogether。Itisanungovernedworld；aworldwhichweflatterourselveswillhenceforthneednogoverning。Onthedustofourheroicancestorswetoositballot-boxing，sayingtooneanother，Itiswell，itiswell！Byinheritanceoftheirnoblestruggles，wehavebeenpermittedtositslothfulsolong。Bynobletoil，notbyshallowlaughterandvaintalk，theymadethisEnglishExistencefromasavageforestintoanarableinhabitablefieldforus；andwe，idlydreamingitwouldgrowspontaneouscropsforever，——finditnowinatooquestionablestate；peremptorilyrequiringreallaborandagricultureagain。Real“agriculture“
　　isnotpleasant；muchpleasantertoreapandwinnowwithballot-boxorotherwisethantoplough！
　　Whowouldgovernthatcangetalongwithoutgoverning？Hethatisfittestforit，isofallmentheunwillingestunlessconstrained。Bymultifariousdeviceswehavebeenendeavoringtodispensewithgoverning；andbyverysuperficialspeculations，of_laissez-faire_，supply-and-demand，&c。&c。topersuadeourselvesthatitisbestso。TheRealCaptain，unlessitbesomeCaptainofmechanicalIndustryhiredbyMammon，whereisheinthesedays？Mostlikely，insilence，insadisolationsomewhere，inremoteobscurity；tryingif，inanevilungovernedtime，hecannotatleastgovernhimself。TheRealCaptainundiscoverable；
　　thePhantasmCaptaineverywhereveryconspicuous：——itisthoughtPhantasmCaptains，aidedbyballot-boxes，arethetruemethod，afterall。Theyaremuchthepleasantestforthetimebeing！
　　Andsono_Dux_orDukeofanysort，inanyprovinceofouraffairs，now_leads_：theDuke’sBailiff_leads_，whatlittleleadingisrequiredforgettingintherents；andtheDukemerelyridesinthestate-coach。Itiseverywhereso：andnowatlastweseeaworldallrushingtowardsstrangeconsummations，becauseitisandhaslongbeenso！
　　Idonotsupposeanyreaderofmine，ormanypersonsinEnglandatall，havemuchfaithinFraternity，EqualityandtheRevolutionaryMillenniumspreachedbytheFrenchProphetsinthisage：buttherearemanymovementsheretoowhichtendinevitablyinthelikedirection；andgoodmen，whowouldstandaghastatRedRepublicanditsadjuncts，seemtometravellingatfullspeedtowardsthatorasimilargoal！Certainlythenotioneverywhereprevailsamongustoo，andpreachesitselfabroadineverydialect，uncontradictedanywheresofarasIcanhear，Thatthegrandpanaceaforsocialwoesiswhatwecall“enfranchisement，““emancipation；“or，translatedintopracticallanguage，thecuttingasunderofhumanrelations，wherevertheyarefoundgrievous，asisliketobeprettyuniversallythecaseattheratewehavebeengoingforsomegenerationspast。Letusallbe“free“ofoneanother；weshallthenbehappy。Free，withoutbondorconnectionexceptthatofcash-payment；fairday’swagesforthefairday’swork；bargainedforbyvoluntarycontract，andlawofsupply-and-demand：thisisthoughttobethetruesolutionofalldifficultiesandinjusticesthathaveoccurredbetweenmanandman。
　　Torectifytherelationthatexistsbetweentwomen，istherenomethod，then，butthatofendingit？Theoldrelationhasbecomeunsuitable，obsolete，perhapsunjust；itimperativelyrequirestobeamended；andtheremedyis，Abolishit，lettherehenceforthbenorelationatall。Fromthe“SacramentofMarriage“
　　downwards，humanbeingsusedtobemanifoldlyrelated，onetoanother，andeachtoall；andtherewasnorelationamonghumanbeings，justorunjust，thathadnotitsgrievancesanddifficulties，itsnecessitiesonbothsidestobearandforbear。
　　Buthenceforth，beitknown，wehavechangedallthat，byfavorofHeaven：“thevoluntaryprinciple“hascomeup，whichwillitselfdothebusinessforus；andnowletanewSacrament，thatofDivorce，whichwecallemancipation，andspoutofonourplatforms，beuniversallytheorderoftheday！——Havemenconsideredwhitherallthisistending，andwhatitcertainlyenoughbetokens？Cuteveryhumanrelationwhichhasanywheregrownuneasysheerasunder；reducewhatsoeverwascompulsorytovoluntary，whatsoeverwaspermanentamongustotheconditionofnomadic：——inotherwords，loosenbyassiduouswedgesineveryjoint，thewholefabricofsocialexistence，stonefromstone：
　　tillatlast，allnowbeinglooseenough，itcan，aswealreadyseeinmostcountries，beoversetbysuddenoutburstofrevolutionaryrage；and，lyingasmeremountainsofanarchicrubbish，solicityoutosingFraternity，&c。，overit，andtorejoiceinthenewremarkableeraofhumanprogresswehavearrivedat。
　　CertainlyEmancipationproceedswithrapidstridesamongus，thisgoodwhile；andhasgottosuchalengthasmightgiverisetoreflectionsinmenofaseriousturn。West-IndianBlacksareemancipated，anditappearsrefusetowork：IrishWhiteshavelongbeenentirelyemancipated；andnobodyasksthemtowork，oronconditionoffindingthempotatoeswhich，ofcourse，isindispensable，permitsthemtowork——Amongspeculativepersons，aquestionhassometimesrisen：IntheprogressofEmancipation，arewetolookforatimewhenalltheHorsesalsoaretobeemancipated，andbroughttothesupply-and-demandprinciple？
　　Horsestoohave“motives；“areactedonbyhunger，fear，hope，loveofoats，terrorofplattedleather；naytheyhavevanity，ambition，emulation，thankfulness，vindictiveness；somerudeoutlineofallourhumanspiritualities，——aruderesemblancetousinmindandintelligence，evenastheyhaveinbodilyframe。
　　TheHorse，poordumbfour-footedfellow，hetoohashisprivatefeelings，hisaffections，gratitudes；anddeservesgoodusage；nohumanmaster，withoutcrime，shalltreathimunjustlyeither，orrecklesslylayonthewhipwhereitisnotneeded：——IamsureifIcouldmakehim“happy，“Ishouldbewillingtograntasmallvoteinadditiontothelatetwentymillionsforthatobject！
　　Himtooyouoccasionallytyrannizeover；andwithbadresulttoyourselves，amongothers；usingtheleatherinatyrannousunnecessarymanner；withholding，orscantilyfurnishing，theoatsandventilatedstablingthataredue。Ruggedhorse-subduers，onefearstheyarealittletyrannousattimes。“AmInotahorse，andhalf-brother？“——Toremedywhich，sofarasremediable，fancy——thehorsesall“emancipated；“restoredtotheirprimevalrightofpropertyinthegrassofthisGlobe：turnedouttograzeinanindependentsupply-and-demandmanner！Solongasgrasslasts，Idaresaytheyareveryhappy，orthinkthemselvesso。AndFarmerHodgesallyingforth，onadryspringmorning，withasieveofoatsinhishand，andagonyofeagerexpectationinhisheart，ishehappy？Helpmetoploughthisday，BlackDobbin：oatsinfullmeasureifthouwilt。“Hlunh，No——thank！“
　　snortsBlackDobbin；heprefersgloriouslibertyandthegrass。
　　BayDarby，wiltnotthouperhaps？“Hlunh！“——GrayJoan，then，mybeautifulbroad-bottomedmare，——OHeaven，shetooanswersHlunh！
　　Notaquadrupedofthemwillploughastrokeforme。Corn-cropsare_ended_inthisworld！——Forthesake，ifnotofHodge，thenofHodge’shorses，onepraysthisbenevolentpracticemightnowcease，andanewandbetteronetrytobegin。SmallkindnesstoHodge’shorsestoemancipatethem！Thefateofallemancipatedhorsesis，soonerorlater，inevitable。TohaveinthishabitableEarthnograsstoeat，——inBlackJamaicagraduallynone，asinWhiteConnemaraalreadynone；——toroamaimless，wastingtheseedfieldsoftheworld；andbehuntedhometoChaos，bytheduewatch-dogsandduehell-dogs，withsuchhorrorsofforsakenwretchednessaswereneverseenbefore！Thesethingsarenotsport；theyareterriblytrue，inthiscountryatthishour。
　　BetweenourBlackWestIndiesandourWhiteIreland，betweenthesetwoextremesoflazyrefusaltowork，andoffamishinginabilitytofindanywork，whataworldhavewemadeofit，withourfierceMammon-worships，andourbenevolentphilanderings，andidlegodlessnonsensesofonekindandanother！
　　Supply-and-demand，Leave-it-alone，VoluntaryPrinciple，Timewillmendit：——tillBritishindustrialexistenceseemsfastbecomingonehugepoison-swampofreekingpestilencephysicalandmoral；ahideous_living_Golgothaofsoulsandbodiesburiedalive；suchaCurtius’gulf，communicatingwiththeNetherDeeps，astheSunneversawtillnow。Thesescenes，whichthe_MorningChronicle_
　　isbringinghometoallmindsofmen，——thankstoitforaservicesuchasNewspapershaveseldomdone，——oughttoexciteunspeakablereflectionsineverymind。ThirtythousandoutcastNeedlewomenworkingthemselvesswiftlytodeath；threemillionPaupersrottinginforcedidleness，_helping_saidNeedlewomentodie：
　　thesearebutitemsinthesadledgerofdespair。
　　Thirtythousandwretchedwomen，sunkinthatputrefyingwellofabominations；theyhaveoozedinuponLondon，fromtheuniversalStygianquagmireofBritishindustriallife；areaccumulatedinthe_well_oftheconcern，tothatextent。Britishcharityissmittentotheheart，atthelayingbareofsuchascene；
　　passionatelyundertakes，byenormoussubscriptionofmoney，orbyotherenormouseffort，toredressthatindividualhorror；asI
　　andallmenhopeitmay。But，alas，whatnext？Thisgeneralwellandcesspooloncebaledcleanoutto-day，willbeginbeforenighttofillitselfanew。TheuniversalStygianquagmireisstillthere；opulentinwomenreadytoberuined，andinmenready。
　　Towardsthesamesadcesspoolwillthesewastecurrentsofhumanruinoozeandgravitateasheretofore；exceptindrainingtheuniversalquagmireitselfthereisnoremedy。“Andforthat，whatisthemethod？“crymanyinanangrymanner。Towhom，forthepresent，Iansweronly，“Not’emancipation，’itwouldseem，myfriends；notthecuttinglooseofhumanties，somethingfarthereverseofthat！“
　　Manythingshavebeenwrittenaboutshirtmaking；buthereperhapsisthesaddestthingofall，notwrittenanywheretillnow，thatIknowof。Shirtsbythethirtythousandaremadeattwopence-halfpennyeach；andinthemeanwhilenoneedlewoman，distressedorother，canbeprocuredinLondonbyanyhousewifetogive，forfairwages，fairhelpinsewing。Askanythriftyhouse-mother，highorlow，andshewillanswer。Inhighhousesandinlow，thereisthesameanswer：no_real_needlewoman，“distressed“orother，hasbeenfoundattainableinanyofthehousesIfrequent。Imaginaryneedlewomen，whodemandconsiderablewages，andhaveadeepishappetiteforbeerandviands，Ihearofeverywhere；buttheirsewingprovestoooftenadistractedpuckeringandbotching；notsewing，onlythefallacioushopeofit，afondimaginationofthemind。Goodsempstressesaretobehiredineveryvillage；andinLondon，withitsfamishingthirtythousand，notatall，orhardly，——IsnotNo-governmentbeautifulinhumanbusiness？TosuchlengthhastheLeave-aloneprinciplecarriedit，bywayoforganizinglabor，inthisaffairofshirtmaking。LetushopetheLeave-aloneprinciplehasnowgotitsapotheosis；andtakenwingtowardshigherregionsthanours，todealhenceforthwithaclassofaffairsmoreappropriateforit！