Hethatprefersthegloriousorperhapseventherebellious_in_glorious’careeroffreedom，’lethimprovethathecantravelthere，andbethemasterofhimself；andrightgoodspeedtohim。Hewhohasprovedthathecannottravelthereorbethemasterofhimself，——lethim，inthenameofallthegods，becomeaservant，andacceptthejustrulesofservitude！
　　“Arise，enlistinmyIrish，myScotchandEnglish’RegimentsoftheNewEra，’——whichIhavebeenconcocting，dayandnight，duringthesethreeGrouse-seasonstakingearnestincessantcounsel，withallmannerofIndustrialNotabilitiesandmenofinsight，onthematter，andhavenowbroughttoakindofpreparationforincipiency，thankHeaven！Enlistthere，yepoorwanderingbanditti；obey，work，suffer，abstain，asallofushavehadtodo：soshallyoubeusefulinGod’screation，soshallyoubehelpedtogainamanfullivingforyourselves；nototherwisethanso。IndustrialRegiments[_Herenumerouspersons，withbigwigsmanyofthem，andaustereaspect，whomItaketobeProfessorsoftheDismalScience，startupinanagitatedvehementmanner：butthePremierresolutelybeckonsthemdownagain_]——RegimentsnottofighttheFrenchorothers，whoarepeaceableenoughtowardsus；buttofighttheBogsandWildernessesathomeandabroad，andtochaintheDevilsofthePitwhicharewalkingtooopenlyamongus。
　　“Work，foryou？Work，surely，isnotquiteundiscoverableinanEarthsowideasours，ifwewilltaketherightmethodsforit！
　　Indigentfriends，wewilladoptthisnewrelationwhichis_old_
　　astheworld；thiswillleadustowardssuch。Rigorousconditions，nottobeviolatedoneitherside，lieinthisrelation；conditionsplantedtherebyGodHimself；whichwoewillbetideusifwedonotdiscover，graduallymoreandmorediscover，andconformto！IndustrialColonels，Workmasters，Task-masters，Life-commanders，equitableasRhadamanthusandinflexibleashe：such，Iperceive，youdoneed；andsuch，youbeingonceputunderlawassoldiersare，willbediscoverableforyou。Iperceive，withboundlessalarm，thatIshallhavetosetaboutdiscoveringsuch，——I，sinceIamatthetopofaffairs，withallmenlookingtome。Alas，itismynewtaskinthisNewEra；andGodknows，Itoo，littleotherthanared-tapeTalking-machine，andunhappyBagofParliamentaryEloquencehitherto，amfarbehindwithit！Butstreet-barricadesriseeverywhere：thehourofFatehascome。InConnemaratherehassprungaleak，sincethepotatodied；Connaught，ifitwerenotforTreasury-grantsandrates-in-aid，wouldhavetorecurtoCannibalismevennow，andHumanSocietywouldceasetopretendthatitexistedthere。Donethisthingmustbe。Alas，I
　　perceivethatifIcannotdoit，thensurelyIshalldie，andperhapsshallnothaveChristianburial！ButIalreadyraisenearuponTenMillionsforfeedingyouinidleness，mynomadicfriends；work，underdueregulations，Ireallymighttrytogetof——[_Herearisesindescribableuproar，nolongerrepressible，fromallmannerofEconomists，Emancipationists，Constitutionalists，andmiscellaneousProfessorsoftheDismalScience，prettynumerouslyscatteredabout；andcriesof“Privateenterprise，““RightsofCapital，““VoluntaryPrinciple，“
　　“DoctrinesoftheBritishConstitution，“swollenbythegeneralassentinghumofalltheworld，quitedrowntheChiefMinisterforawhile。He，withinvincibleresolution，persists；obtainshearingagain_：]
　　“RespectableProfessorsoftheDismalScience，softyoualittle。
　　Alas，Iknowwhatyouwouldsay。Formysins，Ihavereadmuchinthoseinimitablevolumesofyours，——reallyIshouldthink，somebarrowfulsoftheminmytime，——and，intheselastfortyyearsoftheoryandpractice，haveprettywellseizedwhatofDivineMessageyouweresentwithtome。Perhapsassmallamessage，givemeleavetosay，asevertherewassuchanoisemadeaboutbefore。Trustme，Ihavenotforgottenit，shallneverforgetit。ThoseLawsoftheShop-tillareindisputabletome；andpracticallyusefulincertaindepartmentsoftheUniverse，asthemultiplication-tableitself。OnceIeventriedtosailthroughtheImmensitieswiththem，andtofrontthebigcomingEternitieswiththem；butIfounditwouldnotdo。AstheSupremeRuleofStatesmanship，orGovernmentofMen，——sincethisUniverseisnotwhollyaShop，——no。Yourejoiceinmyimprovedtariffs，free-trademovementsandthelike，oneveryhand；forwhichbethankful，andevensinglitaniesifyouchoose。Buthereatlast，intheIdle-Workhousemovement，——unexampledyetonEarthorinthewatersundertheEarth，——Iamfairlybroughttoastand；andhavehadtomakereflections，ofthemostalarming，andindeedawful，andasitwerereligiousnature！ProfessorsoftheDismalScience，Iperceivethatthelengthofyourtetherisnowprettywellrun；andthatImustrequestyoutotalkalittlelowerinfuture。Bythesideoftheshop-till，——see，yoursmall’LawofGod’ishungup，alongwiththemultiplication-tableitself。Butbeyondandabovetheshop-till，allowmetosay，youshallasgoodasholdyourpeace。RespectableProfessors，I
　　perceiveitisnotnowtheGiganticHucksters，butitistheImmortalGods，yesthey，intheirterrorandtheirbeauty，intheirwrathandtheirbeneficence，thatarecomingintoplayintheaffairsofthisworld！Softyoualittle。Donotyouinterruptme，buttrytounderstandandhelpme！——
　　“Work，wasIsaying？Myindigentunguidedfriends，Ishouldthinksomeworkmightbediscoverableforyou。Enlist，standdrill；become，fromanomadicBandittiofIdleness，SoldiersofIndustry！IwillleadyoutotheIrishBogs，tothevacantdesolationsofConnaughtnowfallingintoCannibalism，tomistilledConnaught，todittoMunster，Leinster，Ulster，Iwillleadyou：totheEnglishfox-covers，furze-grownCommons，NewForests，SalisburyPlains：likewisetotheScotchHill-sides，andbarerushyslopes，whichasyetfeedonlysheep，——moistuplands，thousandsofsquaremilesinextent，whicharedestinedyettogrowgreencrops，andfreshbutterandmilkandbeefwithoutlimitwhereinno’Foreignercancompetewithus’，weretheGlasgowsewersonceopenedonthem，andyouwithyourColonelscarriedthither。IntheThreeKingdoms，orintheFortyColonies，dependuponit，youshallbeledtoyourwork！
　　“ToeachofyouIwillthensay：Hereisworkforyou；strikeintoitwithmanlike，soldier-likeobedienceandheartiness，accordingtothemethodshereprescribed，——wagesfollowforyouwithoutdifficulty；allmannerofjustremuneration，andatlengthemancipationitselffollows。Refusetostrikeintoit；
　　shirktheheavylabor，disobeytherules，——Iwilladmonishandendeavortoinciteyou；ifinvain，Iwillflogyou；ifstillinvain，Iwillatlastshootyou，——andmakeGod’sEarth，andtheforlorn-hopeinGod’sBattle，freeofyou。Understandit，I
　　adviseyou！TheOrganizationofLabor“——[_Leftspeaking_，saysourreporter。]
　　“Leftspeaking：“alas，thatheshouldhaveto“speak“somuch！
　　Therearethingsthatshouldbedone，notspoken；thattillthedoingofthemisbegun，cannotwellbespoken。Hemayhaveto“speak“sevenyearsyet，beforeaspadebestruckintotheBogofAllen；andthenperhapsitwillbetoolate！-
　　Youperceive，myfriends，wehaveactuallygotintothe“NewEra“
　　therehasbeensuchprophesyingof：hereweallare，arrivedatlast；——anditisbynomeansthelandflowingwithmilkandhoneywewereledtoexpect！Verymuchthereverse。Aterrible_new_
　　countrythis：noneighborsinityet，thatIcansee，butirrationalflabbymonstersphilanthropicandotherofthegiantspecies；hyenas，laughinghyenas，predatorywolves；probably_devils_，blueorperhapsblue-and-yellowdevils，asSt。
　　GuthlacfoundinCroylandlongago。Ahugeuntroddenhaggardcountry，the“chaoticbattle-fieldofFrostandFire；“acountryofsavageglaciers，granitemountains，offouljungles，unhewedforests，quakingbogs；——whichweshallhaveourownadostomakearableandhabitable，Ithink！Wemuststickbyit，however；——ofallenterprisestheimpossiblestisthatofgettingoutofit，andshiftingintoanother。Towork，then，oneandall；handstowork！
　　[March1，1850。]No。II。MODELPRISONS。
　　Thederangedconditionofouraffairsisauniversaltopicamongmenatpresent；andtheheavymiseriespressing，intheirrudestshape，onthegreatdumbinarticulateclass，andfromthis，byasurelaw，spreadingupwards，inalesspalpablebutnotlesscertainandperhapsstillmorefatalshapeonallclassestotheveryhighest，areadmittedeverywheretobegreat，increasingandnowalmostunendurable。Howtodiminishthem，——thisiseveryman’squestion。Forinfacttheydoimperativelyneeddiminution；andunlesstheycanbediminished，therearemanyotherthingsthatcannotverylongcontinuetoexistbesidethem。
　　Aseriousquestionindeed，Howtodiminishthem！
　　Amongthearticulateclasses，astheymaybecalled，therearetwowaysofproceedinginregardtothis。Onelargebodyoftheintelligentandinfluential，busiedmainlyinpersonalaffairs，acceptsthesocialiniquities，orwhateveryoumaycallthem，andthemiseriesconsequentthereupon；acceptsthem，admitsthemtobeextremelymiserable，pronouncesthementirelyinevitable，incurableexceptbyHeaven，andeatsitspuddingwithaslittlethoughtofthemaspossible。Notaverynobleclassofcitizensthese；notaveryhopefulorsalutarymethodofdealingwithsocialiniquitiesthisoftheirs，howeveritmayanswerinrespecttothemselvesandtheirpersonalaffairs！Butnowthereistheselectsmallminority，inwhomsomesentimentofpublicspiritandhumanpitystillsurvives，amongwhom，ornotanywhere，theGoodCausemayexpecttofindsoldiersandservants：theirmethodofproceeding，inthesetimes，isalsoverystrange。Theyembarkinthe“philanthropicmovement；“theycalculatethatthemiseriesoftheworldcanbecuredbybringingthephilanthropicmovementtobearonthem。Touniversalpublicmisery，anduniversalneglectoftheclearestpublicduties，letprivatecharitysuperadditself：therewillthusbesomebalancerestored，andmaintainedagain；thus，——orbywhatconceivablemethod？Onthesetermsthey，fortheirpart，embarkinthesacredcause；resolutetocureaworld’swoesbyrose-water；
　　desperatelybentontryingtotheuttermostthatmildmethod。Itseemsnottohavestruckthesegoodmenthatnoworld，orthingherebelow，everfellintomisery，withouthavingfirstfallenintofolly，intosinagainsttheSupremeRulerofit，byadoptingasalawofconductwhatwasnotalaw，butthereverseofone；
　　andthat，tillitsfolly，tillitssinbecastoutofit，thereisnotthesmallesthopeofitsmiserygoing，——thatnotforallthecharityandrose-waterintheworldwillitsmiserytrytogotillthen！
　　Thisisasaderror；allthesadderasitistheerrorchieflyofthemorehumaneandnoble-mindedofourgeneration；amongwhom，aswesaid，orelsewherenotatall，thecauseofrealReformmustexpectitsservants。Atpresent，andforalongwhilepast，whatsoeveryoungsoulawokeinEnGlandwithsomedispositiontowardsgenerosityandsocialheroism，oratlowestwithsomeintimationofthebeautyofsuchadisposition，——he，inwhomthepoorworldmighthavelookedforaReformer，andvaliantmenderofitsfoulways，wasalmostsuretobecomeaPhilanthropist，reformingmerelybythisrose-watermethod。Toadmitthattheworld’swaysarefoul，andnotthewaysofGodtheMaker，butofSatantheDestroyer，manyofthem，andthattheymustbemendedorwealldie；thatifhugemiseryprevails，hugecowardice，falsity，disloyalty，universalInjusticehighandlow，havestilllongerprevailed，andmuststraightwaytrytoceaseprevailing：
　　thisiswhatnovisiblereformerhasyetthoughtofdoing：Allso-called“reforms“hithertoaregroundedeitheronopenlyadmittedegoismcheapbreadtothecotton-spinner，votingtothosethathavenovote，andthelike，whichdoesnotpointtowardsverycelestialdevelopmentsoftheReformmovement；orelseuponthisofremedyingsocialinjusticesbyindiscriminatecontributionsofphilanthropy，amethodsurelystillmoreunpromising。Suchcontributions，beingindiscriminate，arebutanewinjustice；thesewillneverleadtoreform，orabolitionofinjustice，whateverelsetheyleadto！
　　Notbythatmethodshallwe“getroundCapeHorn，“byneversuchunanimityofvoting，underthemostapprovedPhantasmCaptains！
　　Itismiserabletosee。Having，asitwere，quitelostourwayroundCapeHorn，andbeingsorely“admonished“bytheIcebergandotherdumbcouncillors，thepilots，——insteadoftakingtotheirsextants，andaskingwithaseriousnessunknownforalongwhile，WhattheLawsofwindandwater，andofEarthandofHeavenare，——decidethatnow，inthesenewcircumstances，theywill，totheworthyandunworthy，serveoutadoubleallowanceofgrog。
　　Inthiswaytheyhopetodoit，——bysteeringontheoldwrongtack，andservingoutmoreandmore，copiouslywhatlittle_aquavitae_maybestillonboard！Philanthropy，emancipation，andpityforhumancalamityisverybeautiful；butthedeepoblivionoftheLawofRightandWrong；this“indiscriminatemashingupofRightandWrongintoapatenttreacle“ofthePhilanthropicmovement，isbynomeansbeautiful；this，onthecontrary，isaltogetheruglyandalarming。