Hereallisquiet。TheBritishwarhasleftusindebt；butthatisacheappriceforthegoodithasdoneus。Theestablishmentofthenecessarymanufacturesamongourselves，theproofthatourgovernmentissolid，canstandtheshockofwar，andissuperioreventocivilschism，arepreciousfactsforus；andofthesethestrongestproofswerefurnished，when，withfoureasternStatestiedtous，asdeadtolivingbodies，alldoubtwasremovedastotheachievementsofthewar，haditcontinued。Butitsbesteffecthasbeenthecompletesuppressionofparty。ThefederalistswhoweretrulyAmerican，andtheirgreatmasswasso，haveseparatedfromtheirbrethrenwhoweremereAnglomen，andarereceivedwithcordialityintotherepublicanranks。EvenConnecticut，asaState，andthelastoneexpectedtoyielditssteadyhabitswhichwereessentiallybigotedinpoliticsaswellasreligion，haschosenarepublicangovernor，andrepublicanlegislature。Massachusettsindeedstilllags；becausemostdeeplyinvolvedintheparricidecrimesandtreasonsofthewar。Buthergangreneiscontracting，thesoundfleshadvancingonit，andalltherewillbewell。ImentionedConnecticutasthemosthopelessofourStates。LittleDelawarehadescapedmyattention。ThatisessentiallyaQuakerState，thefragmentofareligioussectwhich，there，intheotherStates，inEngland，areahomogeneousmass，actingwithonemind，andthatdirectedbythemothersocietyinEngland。Dispersed，astheJews，theystillform，asthosedo，onenation，foreigntothelandtheylivein。TheyareProtestantJesuits，implicitlydevotedtothewilloftheirsuperior，andforgettingalldutiestotheircountryintheexecutionofthepolicyoftheirorder。WhenwarisproposedwithEngland，theyhavereligiousscruples；butwhenwithFrance，thesearelaidby，andtheybecomeclamorousforit。Theyare，however，silent，passive，andgivenoothertroublethanofwhippingthemalong。NoristheelectionofMonroeaninefficientcircumstanceinourfelicities。Fourandtwentyyears，whichhewillaccomplish，ofadministrationinrepublicanformsandprinciples，willsoconsecratethemintheeyesofthepeopleastosecurethemagainstthedangerofchange。Theevanitionofpartydissensionshasharmonizedintercourse，andsweetenedsocietybeyondimagination。Thewarthenhasdoneusallthisgood，andthefurtheroneofassuringtheworld，thatalthoughattachedtopeacefromasenseofitsblessings，wewillmeetwarwhenitismadenecessary。
IwishIcouldgivebetterhopesofoursouthernbrethren。TheachievementoftheirindependenceofSpainisnolongeraquestion。
Butitisaveryseriousone，whatwillthenbecomeofthem?
Ignoranceandbigotry，likeotherinsanities，areincapableofself-government。Theywillfallundermilitarydespotism，andbecomethemurderoustoolsoftheambitionoftheirrespectiveBonapartes；
andwhetherthiswillbefortheirgreaterhappiness，theruleofoneonlyhastaughtyoutojudge。Noone，Ihope，candoubtmywishtoseethemandallmankindexercisingself-government，andcapableofexercisingit。Butthequestionisnotwhatwewish，butwhatispracticable?Astheirsincerefriendandbrotherthen，Idobelievethebestthingforthem，wouldbeforthemselvestocometoanaccordwithSpain，undertheguaranteeofFrance，Russia，Holland，andtheUnitedStates，allowingtoSpainanominalsupremacy，withauthorityonlytokeepthepeaceamongthem，leavingthemotherwiseallthepowersofself-government，untiltheirexperienceinthem，theiremancipationfromtheirpriests，andadvancementininformation，shallpreparethemforcompleteindependence。IexcludeEnglandfromthisconfederacy，becauseherselfishprinciplesrenderherincapableofhonorablepatronageordisinterestedco-operation；unless，indeed，whatseemsnowprobable，arevolutionshouldrestoretoheranhonestgovernment，onewhichwillpermittheworldtoliveinpeace。
Portugal，graspingatanextensionofherdominioninthesouth，haslosthergreatnorthernprovinceofPernambuco，andIshallnotwonderifBrazilshouldrevoltinmass，andsendtheirroyalfamilybacktoPortugal。Brazilismorepopulous，morewealthy，moreenergetic，andaswiseasPortugal。Ihavebeeninsensiblyled，mydearfriend，whilewritingtoyou，toindulgeinthatlineofsentimentinwhichwehavebeenalwaysassociated，forgettingthatthesearemattersnotbelongingtomytime。Notsowithyou，whohavestillmanyyearstobeaspectatoroftheseevents。Thattheseyearsmayindeedbemanyandhappy，isthesincereprayerofyouraffectionatefriend。”THEFLATTERIESOFHOPE”
_ToFransoisdeMarbois_
_Monticello，June14，1817_
Ithankyou，dearSir，forthecopyoftheinterestingnarrativeoftheCompletd’Arnold，whichyouhavebeensokindastosendme。Itthrowslightonthatincidentofhistorywhichwedidnotpossessbefore。Anincidentwhichmeritstobeknownasalessontomankind，inallitsdetails。ThismarkofyourattentionrecallstomymindtheearlierperiodoflifeatwhichIhadthepleasureofyourpersonalacquaintance，andrenewsthesentimentsofhighrespectandesteemwithwhichthatacquaintanceinspiredme。Ihadnotfailedtoaccompanyyourpersonalsufferingsduringthecivilconvulsionsofyourcountry，andhadsincerelysympathizedwiththem。
Anawfulperiod，indeed，haspassedinEuropesinceourfirstacquaintance。WhenIleftFranceatthecloseof’89，yourrevolutionwas，asIthought，underthedirectionofableandhonestmen。Butthemadnessofsomeoftheirsuccessors，thevicesofothers，themaliciousintriguesofanenviousandcorruptingneighbor，thetracasserieoftheDirectory，theusurpations，thehavoc，anddevastationsofyourAttila，andtheequalusurpations，depredationsandoppressionsofyourhypocriticaldeliverers，willformamournfulperiodinthehistoryofman，aperiodofwhichthelastchapterwillnotbeseeninyourdayormine，andonewhichI
stillfearistobewrittenincharactersofblood。HadBonapartereflectedthatsuchisthemoralconstructionoftheworld，thatnonationalcrimepassesunpunishedinthelongrun，hewouldnotnowbeinthecageofSt。Helena；andwereyourpresentoppressorstoreflectonthesametruth，theywouldsparetotheirowncountriesthepenaltiesontheirpresentwrongswhichwillbeinflictedonthemonfuturetimes。Theseedsofhatredandrevengewhichtheyarenowsowingwithalargehand，willnotfailtoproducetheirfruitsintime。Liketheirbrotherrobbersonthehighway，theysupposetheescapeofthemomentafinalescape，anddeeminfamyandfutureriskcountervailedbypresentgain。Ourlothasbeenhappier。Whenyouwitnessedourfirststrugglesinthewarofindependence，youlittlecalculated，morethanwedid，ontherapidgrowthandprosperityofthiscountry；onthepracticaldemonstrationitwasabouttoexhibit，ofthehappytruththatmaniscapableofself-government，andonlyrenderedotherwisebythemoraldegradationdesignedlysuperinducedonhimbythewickedactsofhistyrants。
Ihavemuchconfidencethatweshallproceedsuccessfullyforagestocome，andthat，contrarytotheprincipleofMontesquieu，itwillbeseenthatthelargertheextentofcountry，themorefirmitsrepublicanstructure，iffounded，notonconquest，butinprinciplesofcompactandequality。Myhopeofitsdurationisbuiltmuchontheenlargementoftheresourcesoflifegoinghandinhandwiththeenlargementofterritory，andthebeliefthatmenaredisposedtolivehonestly，ifthemeansofdoingsoareopentothem。Withtheconsolationofthisbeliefinthefutureresultofourlabors，Ihavethatofotherprophetswhoforetelldistantevents，thatIshallnotlivetoseeitfalsified。Mytheoryhasalwaysbeen，thatifwearetodream，theflatteriesofhopeareascheap，andpleasanterthanthegloomofdespair。Iwishtoyourselfalonglifeofhonors，healthandhappiness。
FEMALEEDUCATION
_ToNathanielBurwell_
_Monticello，March14，1818_
DEARSIR，——YourletterofFebruary17thfoundmesufferingunderanattackofrheumatism，whichhasbutnowleftmeatsufficienteasetoattendtothelettersIhavereceived。Aplanoffemaleeducationhasneverbeenasubjectofsystematiccontemplationwithme。Ithasoccupiedmyattentionsofaronlyastheeducationofmyowndaughtersoccasionallyrequired。Consideringthattheywouldbeplacedinacountrysituation，wherelittleaidcouldbeobtainedfromabroad，Ithoughtitessentialtogivethemasolideducation，whichmightenablethem，whenbecomemothers，toeducatetheirowndaughters，andeventodirectthecourseforsons，shouldtheirfathersbelost，orincapable，orinattentive。Mysurvivingdaughteraccordingly，themotherofmanydaughtersaswellassons，hasmadetheireducationtheobjectofherlife，andbeingabetterjudgeofthepracticalpartthanmyself，itiswithheraidandthatofoneofherelevesthatIshallsubjoinacatalogueofthebooksforsuchacourseofreadingaswehavepracticed。
Agreatobstacletogoodeducationistheinordinatepassionprevalentfornovels，andthetimelostinthatreadingwhichshouldbeinstructivelyemployed。Whenthispoisoninfectsthemind，itdestroysitstoneandrevoltsitagainstwholesomereading。Reasonandfact，plainandunadorned，arerejected。Nothingcanengageattentionunlessdressedinallthefigmentsoffancy，andnothingsobedeckedcomesamiss。Theresultisabloatedimagination，sicklyjudgment，anddisgusttowardsalltherealbusinessesoflife。Thismassoftrash，however，isnotwithoutsomedistinction；somefewmodellingtheirnarratives，althoughfictitious，ontheincidentsofreallife，havebeenabletomaketheminterestingandusefulvehiclesofsoundmorality。Such，Ithink，areMarmontel’snewmoraltales，butnothisoldones，whicharereallyimmoral。SucharethewritingsofMissEdgeworth，andsomeofthoseofMadameGenlis。Foralikereason，too，muchpoetryshouldnotbeindulged。Someisusefulforformingstyleandtaste。Pope，Dryden，Thompson，Shakspeare，andoftheFrench，Moliere，Racine，theCorneilles，maybereadwithpleasureandimprovement。
TheFrenchlanguage，becomethatofthegeneralintercourseofnations，andfromtheirextraordinaryadvances，nowthedepositoryofallscience，isanindispensablepartofeducationforbothsexes。
Inthesubjoinedcatalogue，therefore，Ihaveplacedthebooksofbothlanguagesindifferently，accordingastheoneortheotherofferswhatisbest。
Theornamentstoo，andtheamusementsoflife，areentitledtotheirportionofattention。These，forafemale，aredancing，drawing，andmusic。Thefirstisahealthyexercise，elegantandveryattractiveforyoungpeople。Everyaffectionateparentwouldbepleasedtoseehisdaughterqualifiedtoparticipatewithhercompanions，andwithoutawkwardnessatleast，inthecirclesoffestivity，ofwhichsheoccasionallybecomesapart。Itisanecessaryaccomplishment，therefore，althoughofshortuse，fortheFrenchruleiswise，thatnoladydancesaftermarriage。Thisisfoundedinsolidphysicalreasons，gestationandnursingleavinglittletimetoamarriedladywhenthisexercisecanbeeithersafeorinnocent。DrawingisthoughtlessofinthiscountrythaninEurope。Itisaninnocentandengagingamusement，oftenuseful，andaqualificationnottobeneglectedinonewhoistobecomeamotherandaninstructor。Musicisinvaluablewhereapersonhasanear。
Wheretheyhavenot，itshouldnotbeattempted。Itfurnishesadelightfulrecreationforthehoursofrespitefromthecaresoftheday，andlastsusthroughlife。Thetasteofthiscountry，too，callsforthisaccomplishmentmorestronglythanforeitheroftheothers。
Ineedsaynothingofhouseholdeconomy，inwhichthemothersofourcountryaregenerallyskilled，andgenerallycarefultoinstructtheirdaughters。Weallknowitsvalue，andthatdiligenceanddexterityinallitsprocessesareinestimabletreasures。Theorderandeconomyofahouseareashonorabletothemistressasthoseofthefarmtothemaster，andifeitherbeneglected，ruinfollows，andchildrendestituteofthemeansofliving。
This，Sir，isofferedasasummarysketchonasubjectonwhichIhavenotthoughtmuch。Itprobablycontainsnothingbutwhathasalreadyoccurredtoyourself，andclaimsyouracceptanceonnoothergroundthanasatestimonyofmyrespectforyourwishes，andofmygreatesteemandrespect。
THECLASSICALPRESS
_ToWellsandLilly_
_Monticello，April1，1818_
YoumusthavethoughtmeverytardyinacknolegingthereceiptofyourletterofJan。13。andinreturningmythanks，whichInowdo，fortheveryhandsomecopyofCicero’sworksfromyourpress，whichyouhavebeensokindastopresentme。Iwaitedfirstthereceiptofthatandthebooksaccompanyingit，butIhappenedatthetimeoftheirarrivaltobereadingthe5thbookofCicero’sTusculans，whichIfollowedbythatofhisOffices，andconcludedtolayasidethevariorumedition，andtouseyours，afterwhichImightwritemoreunderstandinglyonthesubject。havingbeenextremelydisgustedwiththePhiladelphiaandNewYorkDelphineditions，someofwhichIhadread，andalthoexecutedwithagoodtypeongoodpaper，yetsofulloferrorsofthepressasnottobeworththepapertheywereprintedon，Iwishedtoseethestateoftheclassicalpresswithyou。theireditionshadonanaverageaboutoneerrorforeverypage。Ireadthereforetheportionsofyour’sabovementionedwithaprettysharpeye，andinsomethingupwardsof200。
pagesIfoundtheerrorsnotedonthepaperinclosed，beinganaverageofoneforevery13。pages。thisisagoodadvanceonthepressesofN。Y。andPhilada。，andgiveshopesofrapidimprovements。
theerrorsintheVariorumeditionshoweverarefewerthanthese，theElzevirsstillfewer：buttheperfectionofaccuracyistobefoundinthefolioeditionofHomerbytheFoulisofGlasgow。Ihaveunderstoodtheyoffered1000guineasforthediscoveryofanyerrorinit，evenofanaccent，andthattherewardwasneverclaimed。I