theclouds，bywhichchieflytheeyeexpoundsthedistanceofthebluepavilionstretchedoverourheads，areinsummermorevoluminous，massedandaccumulatedinfargranderandmoretoweringpiles。Secondly，thelightandtheappearancesofthedecliningandthesettingsunaremuchmorefittedtobetypesandcharactersoftheInfinite。Andthirdly（whichisthemainreason），theexuberantandriotousprodigalityoflifenaturallyforcesthemindmorepowerfullyupontheantagonistthoughtofdeath，andthewintrysterilityofthegrave。Foritmaybeobservedgenerally，thatwherevertwothoughtsstandrelatedtoeachotherbyalawofantagonism，andexist，asitwere，bymutualrepulsion，theyareapttosuggesteachother。OntheseaccountsitisthatIfinditimpossibletobanishthethoughtofdeathwhenIamwalkingaloneintheendlessdaysofsummer;andanyparticulardeath，ifnotmoreaffecting，atleasthauntsmymindmoreobstinatelyandbesieginglyinthatseason。Perhapsthiscause，andaslightincidentwhichI
omit，mighthavebeentheimmediateoccasionsofthefollowingdream，towhich，however，apredispositionmustalwayshaveexistedinmymind;buthavingbeenoncerouseditneverleftme，andsplitintoathousandfantasticvarieties，whichoftensuddenlyreunited，andcomposedagaintheoriginaldream。
IthoughtthatitwasaSundaymorninginMay，thatitwasEasterSunday，andasyetveryearlyinthemorning。Iwasstanding，asitseemedtome，atthedoorofmyowncottage。Rightbeforemelaytheveryscenewhichcouldreallybecommandedfromthatsituation，butexalted，aswasusual，andsolemnisedbythepowerofdreams。
Therewerethesamemountains，andthesamelovelyvalleyattheirfeet;butthemountainswereraisedtomorethanAlpineheight，andtherewasinterspacefarlargerbetweenthemofmeadowsandforestlawns;thehedgeswererichwithwhiteroses;andnolivingcreaturewastobeseen，exceptingthatinthegreenchurchyardtherewerecattletranquillyreposingupontheverdantgraves，andparticularlyroundaboutthegraveofachildwhomIhadtenderlyloved，justasIhadreallybeheldthem，alittlebeforesunriseinthesamesummer，whenthatchilddied。Igazeduponthewell-knownscene，andIsaidaloud（asIthought）tomyself，"Ityetwantsmuchofsunrise，anditisEasterSunday;andthatisthedayonwhichtheycelebratethefirstfruitsofresurrection。Iwillwalkabroad;oldgriefsshallbeforgottento-day;fortheairiscoolandstill，andthehillsarehighandstretchawaytoheaven;andtheforestgladesareasquietasthechurchyard，andwiththedewIcanwashthefeverfrommyforehead，andthenIshallbeunhappynolonger。"AndIturnedasiftoopenmygardengate，andimmediatelyIsawupontheleftascenefardifferent，butwhichyetthepowerofdreamshadreconciledintoharmonywiththeother。ThescenewasanOrientalone，andtherealsoitwasEasterSunday，andveryearlyinthemorning。Andatavastdistancewerevisible，asastainuponthehorizon，thedomesandcupolasofagreatcity——animageorfaintabstraction，caughtperhapsinchildhoodfromsomepictureofJerusalem。Andnotabow-shotfromme，uponastoneandshadedbyJudeanpalms，theresatawoman，andIlooked，anditwas——Ann！Shefixedhereyesuponmeearnestly，andIsaidtoheratlength："So，then，Ihavefoundyouatlast。"Iwaited，butsheansweredmenotaword。HerfacewasthesameaswhenIsawitlast，andyetagainhowdifferent！Seventeenyearsago，whenthelamp-lightfelluponherface，asforthelasttimeIkissedherlips（lips，Ann，thattomewerenotpolluted），hereyeswerestreamingwithtears：thetearswerenowwipedaway;sheseemedmorebeautifulthanshewasatthattime，butinallotherpointsthesame，andnotolder。Herlooksweretranquil，butwithunusualsolemnityofexpression，andI
nowgazeduponherwithsomeawe;butsuddenlyhercountenancegrewdim，andturningtothemountainsIperceivedvapoursrollingbetweenus。Inamomentallhadvanished，thickdarknesscameon，andinthetwinklingofaneyeIwasfarawayfrommountains，andbylamplightinOxfordStreet，walkingagainwithAnn——justaswewalkedseventeenyearsbefore，whenwewerebothchildren。
Asafinalspecimen，Iciteoneofadifferentcharacter，from1820。
ThedreamcommencedwithamusicwhichnowIoftenheardindreams——
amusicofpreparationandofawakeningsuspense，amusicliketheopeningoftheCoronationAnthem，andwhich，likeTHAT，gavethefeelingofavastmarch，ofinfinitecavalcadesfilingoff，andthetreadofinnumerablearmies。Themorningwascomeofamightyday——
adayofcrisisandoffinalhopeforhumannature，thensufferingsomemysteriouseclipse，andlabouringinsomedreadextremity。
Somewhere，Iknewnotwhere——somehow，Iknewnothow——bysomebeings，Iknewnotwhom——abattle，astrife，anagony，wasconducting，wasevolvinglikeagreatdramaorpieceofmusic，withwhichmysympathywasthemoreinsupportablefrommyconfusionastoitsplace，itscause，itsnature，anditspossibleissue。I，asisusualindreams（whereofnecessitywemakeourselvescentraltoeverymovement），hadthepower，andyethadnotthepower，todecideit。Ihadthepower，ifIcouldraisemyselftowillit，andyetagainhadnotthepower，fortheweightoftwentyAtlanticswasuponme，ortheoppressionofinexpiableguilt。"Deeperthaneverplummetsounded，"Ilayinactive。Thenlikeachorusthepassiondeepened。Somegreaterinterestwasatstake，somemightiercausethaneveryettheswordhadpleaded，ortrumpethadproclaimed。
Thencamesuddenalarms，hurryingstoandfro，trepidationsofinnumerablefugitives——Iknewnotwhetherfromthegoodcauseorthebad，darknessandlights，tempestandhumanfaces，andatlast，withthesensethatallwaslost，femaleforms，andthefeaturesthatwereworthalltheworldtome，andbutamomentallowed——andclaspedhands，andheart-breakingpartings，andthen——everlastingfarewells！Andwithasigh，suchasthecavesofHellsighedwhentheincestuousmotherutteredtheabhorrednameofdeath，thesoundwasreverberated——everlastingfarewells！Andagainandyetagainreverberated——everlastingfarewells！
AndIawokeinstruggles，andcriedaloud——"Iwillsleepnomore。"
ButIamnowcalledupontowindupanarrativewhichhasalreadyextendedtoanunreasonablelength。WithinmorespaciouslimitsthematerialswhichIhaveusedmighthavebeenbetterunfolded，andmuchwhichIhavenotusedmighthavebeenaddedwitheffect。
Perhaps，however，enoughhasbeengiven。ItnowremainsthatI
shouldsaysomethingofthewayinwhichthisconflictofhorrorswasfinallybroughttoacrisis。Thereaderisalreadyaware（fromapassagenearthebeginningoftheintroductiontothefirstpart）
thattheOpium-eaterhas，insomewayorother，"unwoundalmosttoitsfinallinkstheaccursedchainwhichboundhim。"Bywhatmeans？
Tohavenarratedthisaccordingtotheoriginalintentionwouldhavefarexceededthespacewhichcannowbeallowed。Itisfortunate，assuchacogentreasonexistsforabridgingit，thatIshould，onamaturerviewofthecase，havebeenexceedinglyunwillingtoinjure，byanysuchunaffectingdetails，theimpressionofthehistoryitself，asanappealtotheprudenceandtheconscienceoftheyetunconfirmedopium-eater——oreven（thoughaveryinferiorconsideration）toinjureitseffectasacomposition。Theinterestofthejudiciousreaderwillnotattachitselfchieflytothesubjectofthefascinatingspells，buttothefascinatingpower。
NottheOpium-eater，buttheopium，isthetrueheroofthetale，andthelegitimatecentreonwhichtheinterestrevolves。Theobjectwastodisplaythemarvellousagencyofopium，whetherforpleasureorforpain：ifthatisdone，theactionofthepiecehasclosed。
However，assomepeople，inspiteofalllawstothecontrary，willpersistinaskingwhatbecameoftheOpium-eater，andinwhatstatehenowis，Ianswerforhimthus：Thereaderisawarethatopiumhadlongceasedtofounditsempireonspellsofpleasure;itwassolelybythetorturesconnectedwiththeattempttoabjureitthatitkeptitshold。Yet，asothertortures，nolessitmaybethought，attendedthenon-abjurationofsuchatyrant，achoiceonlyofevilswasleft;andTHATmightaswellhavebeenadoptedwhich，howeverterrificinitself，heldoutaprospectoffinalrestorationtohappiness。Thisappearstrue;butgoodlogicgavetheauthornostrengthtoactuponit。However，acrisisarrivedfortheauthor’slife，andacrisisforotherobjectsstilldearertohim——andwhichwillalwaysbefardearertohimthanhislife，evennowthatitisagainahappyone。IsawthatImustdieifIcontinuedtheopium。
Idetermined，therefore，ifthatshouldberequired，todieinthrowingitoff。HowmuchIwasatthattimetakingIcannotsay，fortheopiumwhichIusedhadbeenpurchasedformebyafriend，whoafterwardsrefusedtoletmepayhim;sothatIcouldnotascertainevenwhatquantityIhadusedwithintheyear。I
apprehend，however，thatItookitveryirregularly，andthatI
variedfromaboutfiftyorsixtygrainsto150aday。Myfirsttaskwastoreduceittoforty，tothirty，andasfastasIcouldtotwelvegrains。
Itriumphed。Butthinknot，reader，thatthereforemysufferingswereended，northinkofmeasofonesittinginaDEJECTEDstate。
Thinkofmeasone，evenwhenfourmonthshadpassed，stillagitated，writhing，throbbing，palpitating，shattered，andmuchperhapsinthesituationofhimwhohasbeenracked，asIcollectthetormentsofthatstatefromtheaffectingaccountofthemleftbyamostinnocentsufferer{20}ofthetimesofJamesI。Meantime，Iderivednobenefitfromanymedicine，exceptoneprescribedtomebyanEdinburghsurgeonofgreateminence，viz。，ammoniatedtinctureofvalerian。Medicalaccount，therefore，ofmyemancipationIhavenotmuchtogive，andeventhatlittle，asmanagedbyamansoignorantofmedicineasmyself，wouldprobablytendonlytomislead。
Atallevents，itwouldbemisplacedinthissituation。Themoralofthenarrativeisaddressedtotheopium-eater，andthereforeofnecessitylimitedinitsapplication。Ifheistaughttofearandtremble，enoughhasbeeneffected。Buthemaysaythattheissueofmycaseisatleastaproofthatopium，afteraseventeenyears’useandaneightyears’abuseofitspowers，maystillberenounced，andthatHEmaychancetobringtothetaskgreaterenergythanIdid，orthatwithastrongerconstitutionthanminehemayobtainthesameresultswithless。Thismaybetrue。Iwouldnotpresumetomeasuretheeffortsofothermenbymyown。Iheartilywishhimmoreenergy。Iwishhimthesamesuccess。Nevertheless，Ihadmotivesexternaltomyselfwhichhemayunfortunatelywant，andthesesuppliedmewithconscientioussupportswhichmerepersonalinterestsmightfailtosupplytoaminddebilitatedbyopium。
JeremyTaylorconjecturesthatitmaybeaspainfultobebornastodie。Ithinkitprobable;andduringthewholeperiodofdiminishingtheopiumIhadthetormentsofamanpassingoutofonemodeofexistenceintoanother。Theissuewasnotdeath，butasortofphysicalregeneration;andImayaddthateversince，atintervals，Ihavehadarestorationofmorethanyouthfulspirits，thoughunderthepressureofdifficultieswhichinalesshappystateofmindIshouldhavecalledmisfortunes。
Onememorialofmyformerconditionstillremains——mydreamsarenotyetperfectlycalm;thedreadswellandagitationofthestormhavenotwhollysubsided;thelegionsthatencampedinthemaredrawingoff，butnotalldeparted;mysleepisstilltumultuous，and，likethegatesofParadisetoourfirstparentswhenlookingbackfromafar，itisstill（inthetremendouslineofMilton）
Withdreadfulfacesthrong’d，andfieryarms。
APPENDIX
Fromthe"LondonMagazine"forDecember1822。
Theinterestexcitedbythetwopapersbearingthistitle，inournumbersforSeptemberandOctober1821，willhavekeptourpromiseofaThirdPartfreshintheremembranceofourreaders。Thatwearestillunabletofulfilourengagementinitsoriginalmeaningwill，we，aresure，bematterofregrettothemastoourselves，especiallywhentheyhaveperusedthefollowingaffectingnarrative。
ItwascomposedforthepurposeofbeingappendedtoaneditionoftheConfessionsinaseparatevolume，whichisalreadybeforethepublic，andwehavereprinteditentire，thatoursubscribersmaybeinpossessionofthewholeofthisextraordinaryhistory。
Theproprietorsofthislittleworkhavingdeterminedonreprintingit，someexplanationseemscalledfor，toaccountforthenon-
appearanceofathirdpartpromisedintheLondonMagazineofDecemberlast;andthemoresobecausetheproprietors，underwhoseguaranteethatpromisewasissued，mightotherwisebeimplicatedintheblame——littleormuch——attachedtoitsnon-fulfilment。Thisblame，inmerejustice，theauthortakeswhollyuponhimself。Whatmaybetheexactamountoftheguiltwhichhethusappropriatesisaverydarkquestiontohisownjudgment，andnotmuchilluminatedbyanyofthemastersincasuistrywhomhehasconsultedontheoccasion。Ontheonehanditseemsgenerallyagreedthatapromiseisbindingintheinverseratioofthenumberstowhomitismade;
forwhichreasonitisthatweseemanypersonsbreakpromiseswithoutscruplethataremadetoawholenation，whokeeptheirfaithreligiouslyinallprivateengagements，breachesofpromisetowardsthestrongerpartybeingcommittedataman’sownperil;ontheotherhand，theonlypartiesinterestedinthepromisesofanauthorarehisreaders，andtheseitisapointofmodestyinanyauthortobelieveasfewaspossible——orperhapsonlyone，inwhichcaseanypromiseimposesasanctityofmoralobligationwhichitisshockingtothinkof。Casuistrydismissed，however，theauthorthrowshimselfontheindulgentconsiderationofallwhomayconceivethemselvesaggrievedbyhisdelay，inthefollowingaccountofhisownconditionfromtheendoflastyear，whentheengagementwasmade，upnearlytothepresenttime。Foranypurposeofself-
excuseitmightbesufficienttosaythatintolerablebodilysufferinghadtotallydisabledhimforalmostanyexertionofmind，moreespeciallyforsuchasdemandsandpresupposesapleasurableandgenialstateoffeeling;but，asacasethatmaybypossibilitycontributeatrifletothemedicalhistoryofopium，inafurtherstageofitsactionthancanoftenhavebeenbroughtunderthenoticeofprofessionalmen，hehasjudgedthatitmightbeacceptabletosomereaderstohaveitdescribedmoreatlength。
Fiatexperimentumincorporeviliisajustrulewherethereisanyreasonablepresumptionofbenefittoariseonalargescale。Whatthebenefitmaybewilladmitofadoubt，buttherecanbenoneastothevalueofthebody;foramoreworthlessbodythanhisowntheauthorisfreetoconfesscannotbe。Itishispridetobelievethatitistheveryidealofabase，crazy，despicablehumansystem，thathardlyevercouldhavebeenmeanttobeseaworthyfortwodaysundertheordinarystormsandwearandtearoflife;andindeed，ifthatwerethecreditablewayofdisposingofhumanbodies，hemustownthatheshouldalmostbeashamedtobequeathhiswretchedstructuretoanyrespectabledog。Butnowtothecase，which，forthesakeofavoidingtheconstantrecurrenceofacumbersomeperiphrasis，theauthorwilltakethelibertyofgivinginthefirstperson。
ThosewhohavereadtheConfessionswillhaveclosedthemwiththeimpressionthatIhadwhollyrenouncedtheuseofopium。ThisimpressionImeanttoconvey，andthatfortworeasons：first，becausetheveryactofdeliberatelyrecordingsuchastateofsufferingnecessarilypresumesintherecorderapowerofsurveyinghisowncaseasacoolspectator，andadegreeofspiritsforadequatelydescribingitwhichitwouldbeinconsistenttosupposeinanypersonspeakingfromthestationofanactualsufferer;
secondly，becauseI，whohaddescendedfromsolargeaquantityas8，000dropstososmallaone（comparativelyspeaking）asaquantityrangingbetween300and160drops，mightwellsupposethatthevictorywasineffectachieved。Insufferingmyreaders，therefore，tothinkofmeasofareformedopium-eater，IleftnoimpressionbutwhatIsharedmyself;and，asmaybeseen，eventhisimpressionwaslefttobecollectedfromthegeneraltoneoftheconclusion，andnotfromanyspecificwords，whichareinnoinstanceatvariancewiththeliteraltruth。InnolongtimeafterthatpaperwaswrittenIbecamesensiblethattheeffortwhichremainedwouldcostmefarmoreenergythanIhadanticipated，andthenecessityformakingitwasmoreapparenteverymonth。InparticularIbecameawareofanincreasingcallousnessordefectofsensibilityinthestomach，andthisIimaginedmightimplyascirrhousstateofthatorgan，eitherformedorforming。Aneminentphysician，towhosekindnessIwasatthattimedeeplyindebted，informedmethatsuchaterminationofmycasewasnotimpossible，thoughlikelytobeforestalledbyadifferentterminationintheeventofmycontinuingtheuseofopium。OpiumthereforeIresolvedwhollytoabjureassoonasIshouldfindmyselfatlibertytobendmyundividedattentionandenergytothispurpose。Itwasnot，however，untilthe24thofJunelastthatanytolerableconcurrenceoffacilitiesforsuchanattemptarrived。OnthatdayIbeganmyexperiment，havingpreviouslysettledinmyownmindthatIwouldnotflinch，butwould"standuptothescratch"underanypossible"punishment。"
Imustpremisethatabout170or180dropshadbeenmyordinaryallowanceformanymonths;occasionallyIhadrunupashighas500，andoncenearlyto700;inrepeatedpreludestomyfinalexperimentIhadalsogoneaslowas100drops;buthadfounditimpossibletostanditbeyondthefourthday——which，bytheway，Ihavealwaysfoundmoredifficulttogetoverthananyoftheprecedingthree。I
wentoffundereasysail——130dropsadayforthreedays;onthefourthIplungedatonceto80。ThemiserywhichInowsuffered"tooktheconceit"outofmeatonce，andforaboutamonthI
continuedoffandonaboutthismark;thenIsunkto60，andthenextdayto——noneatall。ThiswasthefirstdayfornearlytenyearsthatIhadexistedwithoutopium。Iperseveredinmyabstinenceforninetyhours;i。e。，upwardsofhalfaweek。ThenI
took——askmenothowmuch;say，yeseverest，whatwouldyehavedone？ThenIabstainedagain——thentookabout25dropsthenabstained;andsoon。
Meantimethesymptomswhichattendedmycaseforthefirstsixweeksofmyexperimentwerethese：enormousirritabilityandexcitementofthewholesystem;thestomachinparticularrestoredtoafullfeelingofvitalityandsensibility，butofteningreatpain;
unceasingrestlessnessnightandday;sleep——Iscarcelyknewwhatitwas;threehoursoutofthetwenty-fourwastheutmostIhad，andthatsoagitatedandshallowthatIheardeverysoundthatwasnearme。Lowerjawconstantlyswelling，mouthulcerated，andmanyotherdistressingsymptomsthatwouldbetedioustorepeat;amongstwhich，however，Imustmentionone，becauseithadneverfailedtoaccompanyanyattempttorenounceopium——viz。，violentsternutation。
Thisnowbecameexceedinglytroublesome，sometimeslastingfortwohoursatonce，andrecurringatleasttwiceorthreetimesaday。I
wasnotmuchsurprisedatthisonrecollectingwhatIhadsomewhereheardorread，thatthemembranewhichlinesthenostrilsisaprolongationofthatwhichlinesthestomach;whence，Ibelieve，areexplainedtheinflammatoryappearancesaboutthenostrilsofdramdrinkers。Thesuddenrestorationofitsoriginalsensibilitytothestomachexpresseditself，Isuppose，inthisway。ItisremarkablealsothatduringthewholeperiodofyearsthroughwhichIhadtakenopiumIhadneveroncecaughtcold（asthephraseis），noreventheslightestcough。Butnowaviolentcoldattackedme，andacoughsoonafter。Inanunfinishedfragmentofaletterbegunaboutthistimeto——Ifindthesewords："Youaskmetowritethe——DoyouknowBeaumontandFletcher’splayof"ThierryandTheodore"？Thereyouwillseemycaseastosleep;norisitmuchofanexaggerationinotherfeatures。IprotesttoyouthatIhaveagreaterinfluxofthoughtsinonehouratpresentthaninawholeyearunderthereignofopium。Itseemsasthoughallthethoughtswhichhadbeenfrozenupforadecadeofyearsbyopiumhadnow，accordingtotheoldfable，beenthawedatonce——suchamultitudestreaminuponmefromallquarters。YetsuchismyimpatienceandhideousirritabilitythatforonewhichIdetainandwritedownfiftyescapeme：inspiteofmywearinessfromsufferingandwantofsleep，Icannotstandstillorsitfortwominutestogether。’Inunc，etversustecummeditarecanoros。’"
AtthisstageofmyexperimentIsenttoaneighbouringsurgeon，requestingthathewouldcomeovertoseeme。Intheeveninghecame;andafterbrieflystatingthecasetohim，Iaskedthisquestion;Whetherhedidnotthinkthattheopiummighthaveactedasastimulustothedigestiveorgans，andthatthepresentstateofsufferinginthestomach，whichmanifestlywasthecauseoftheinabilitytosleep，mightarisefromindigestion？Hisanswerwas;
No;onthecontrary，hethoughtthatthesufferingwascausedbydigestionitself，whichshouldnaturallygoonbelowtheconsciousness，butwhichfromtheunnaturalstateofthestomach，vitiatedbysolongauseofopium，wasbecomedistinctlyperceptible。Thisopinionwasplausible;andtheunintermittingnatureofthesufferingdisposesmetothinkthatitwastrue，forifithadbeenanymereIRREGULARaffectionofthestomach，itshouldnaturallyhaveintermittedoccasionally，andconstantlyfluctuatedastodegree。Theintentionofnature，asmanifestedinthehealthystate，obviouslyistowithdrawfromournoticeallthevitalmotions，suchasthecirculationoftheblood，theexpansionandcontractionofthelungs，theperistalticactionofthestomach，&c。，andopium，itseems，isableinthis，asinotherinstances，tocounteractherpurposes。BytheadviceofthesurgeonItriedBITTERS。ForashorttimethesegreatlymitigatedthefeelingsunderwhichIlaboured，butabouttheforty-seconddayoftheexperimentthesymptomsalreadynoticedbegantoretire，andnewonestoariseofadifferentandfarmoretormentingclass;underthese，butwithafewintervalsofremission，Ihavesincecontinuedtosuffer。ButIdismissthemundescribedfortworeasons：first，becausethemindrevoltsfromretracingcircumstantiallyanysufferingsfromwhichitisremovedbytooshortorbynointerval。
Todothiswithminutenessenoughtomakethereviewofanyusewouldbeindeedinfandumrenovaredolorem，andpossiblywithoutasufficientmotive;forsecondly，Idoubtwhetherthislatterstatebeanywayreferabletoopium——positivelyconsidered，orevennegatively;thatis，whetheritistobenumberedamongstthelastevilsfromthedirectactionofopium，orevenamongsttheearliestevilsconsequentuponaWANTofopiuminasystemlongderangedbyitsuse。Certainlyonepartofthesymptomsmightbeaccountedforfromthetimeofyear（August），forthoughthesummerwasnotahotone，yetinanycasethesumofalltheheatFUNDED（ifonemaysayso）duringthepreviousmonths，addedtotheexistingheatofthatmonth，naturallyrendersAugustinitsbetterhalfthehottestpartoftheyear;anditsohappenedthat——theexcessiveperspirationwhichevenatChristmasattendsanygreatreductioninthedailyquantumofopium——andwhichinJulywassoviolentastoobligemetouseabathfiveorsixtimesaday——hadaboutthesetting-inofthehottestseasonwhollyretired，onwhichaccountanybadeffectoftheheatmightbethemoreunmitigated。Anothersymptom——viz。，whatinmyignoranceIcallinternalrheumatism（sometimesaffectingtheshoulders，&c。，butmoreoftenappearingtobeseatedinthestomach）——seemedagainlessprobablyattributabletotheopium，orthewantofopium，thantothedampnessofthehouse{21}whichI
inhabit，whichhadaboutthistimeattaineditsmaximum，Julyhavingbeen，asusual，amonthofincessantraininourmostrainypartofEngland。
Underthesereasonsfordoubtingwhetheropiumhadanyconnexionwiththelatterstageofmybodilywretchedness——except，indeed，asanoccasionalcause，ashavingleftthebodyweakerandmorecrazy，andthuspredisposedtoanymal-influencewhatever——Iwillinglysparemyreaderalldescriptionofit;letitperishtohim，andwouldthatIcouldaseasilysayletitperishtomyownremembrances，thatanyfuturehoursoftranquillitymaynotbedisturbedbytoovividanidealofpossiblehumanmisery！
Somuchforthesequelofmyexperiment。Astotheformerstage，inwhichprobablyliestheexperimentanditsapplicationtoothercases，ImustrequestmyreadernottoforgetthereasonsforwhichIhaverecordedit。Theseweretwo：First，abeliefthatImightaddsometrifletothehistoryofopiumasamedicalagent。InthisIamawarethatIhavenotatallfulfilledmyownintentions，inconsequenceofthetorporofmind，painofbody，andextremedisgusttothesubjectwhichbesiegedmewhilstwritingthatpartofmypaper;whichpartbeingimmediatelysentofftothepress（distantaboutfivedegreesoflatitude），cannotbecorrectedorimproved。
Butfromthisaccount，ramblingasitmaybe，itisevidentthatthusmuchofbenefitmayarisetothepersonsmostinterestedinsuchahistoryofopium，viz。，toopium-eatersingeneral，thatitestablishes，fortheirconsolationandencouragement，thefactthatopiummayberenounced，andwithoutgreatersufferingsthananordinaryresolutionmaysupport，andbyaprettyrapidcourse{22}
ofdescent。
Tocommunicatethisresultofmyexperimentwasmyforemostpurpose。
Secondly，asapurposecollateraltothis，IwishedtoexplainhowithadbecomeimpossibleformetocomposeaThirdPartintimetoaccompanythisrepublication;forduringthetimeofthisexperimenttheproof-sheetsofthisreprintweresenttomefromLondon，andsuchwasmyinabilitytoexpandortoimprovethem，thatIcouldnotevenbeartoreadthemoverwithattentionenoughtonoticethepresserrorsortocorrectanyverbalinaccuracies。Theseweremyreasonsfortroublingmyreaderwithanyrecord，longorshort，ofexperimentsrelatingtosotrulybaseasubjectasmyownbody;andIamearnestwiththereaderthathewillnotforgetthem，orsofarmisapprehendmeastobelieveitpossiblethatIwouldcondescendtosorascallyasubjectforitsownsake，orindeedforanylessobjectthanthatofgeneralbenefittoothers。Suchananimalastheself-observingvaletudinarianIknowthereis;Ihavemethimmyselfoccasionally，andIknowthatheistheworstimaginableHEAUTONTIMOROUMENOS;aggravatingandsustaining，bycallingintodistinctconsciousness，everysymptomthatwouldelseperhaps，underadifferentdirectiongiventothethoughts，becomeevanescent。Butastomyself，soprofoundismycontemptforthisundignifiedandselfishhabit，thatIcouldaslittlecondescendtoitasIcouldtospendmytimeinwatchingapoorservantgirl，towhomatthismomentIhearsomeladorothermakingloveatthebackofmyhouse。
IsitforaTranscendentalPhilosophertofeelanycuriosityonsuchanoccasion？OrcanI，whoselifeisworthonlyeightandahalfyears’purchase，besupposedtohaveleisureforsuchtrivialemployments？However，toputthisoutofquestion，Ishallsayonething，whichwillperhapsshocksomereaders，butIamsureitoughtnottodoso，consideringthemotivesonwhichIsayit。Noman，I
suppose，employsmuchofhistimeonthephenomenaofhisownbodywithoutsomeregardforit;whereasthereaderseesthat，sofarfromlookinguponminewithanycomplacencyorregard，Ihateit，andmakeittheobjectofmybitterridiculeandcontempt;andI
shouldnotbedispleasedtoknowthatthelastindignitieswhichthelawinflictsuponthebodiesoftheworstmalefactorsmighthereafterfalluponit。And，intestificationofmysincerityinsayingthis，Ishallmakethefollowingoffer。Likeothermen，I
haveparticularfanciesabouttheplaceofmyburial;havinglivedchieflyinamountainousregion，Irathercleavetotheconceit，thatagraveinagreenchurchyardamongsttheancientandsolitaryhillswillbeasublimerandmoretranquilplaceofreposeforaphilosopherthananyinthehideousGolgothasofLondon。YetifthegentlemenofSurgeons’Hallthinkthatanybenefitcanredoundtotheirsciencefrominspectingtheappearancesinthebodyofanopium-eater，letthemspeakbutaword，andIwilltakecarethatmineshallbelegallysecuredtothem——i。e。，assoonasIhavedonewithitmyself。Letthemnothesitatetoexpresstheirwishesuponanyscruplesoffalsedelicacyandconsiderationformyfeelings;I
assurethemtheywilldometoomuchhonourby"demonstrating"onsuchacrazybodyasmine，anditwillgivemepleasuretoanticipatethisposthumousrevengeandinsultinflicteduponthatwhichhascausedmesomuchsufferinginthislife。Suchbequestsarenotcommon;reversionarybenefitscontingentuponthedeathofthetestatorareindeeddangeroustoannounceinmanycases：ofthiswehavearemarkableinstanceinthehabitsofaRomanprince，whoused，uponanynotificationmadetohimbyrichpersonsthattheyhadlefthimahandsomeestateintheirwills，toexpresshisentiresatisfactionatsucharrangementsandhisgraciousacceptanceofthoseloyallegacies;butthen，ifthetestatorsneglectedtogivehimimmediatepossessionoftheproperty，iftheytraitorously"persistedinliving"（sivivereperseverarent，asSuetoniusexpressesit），hewashighlyprovoked，andtookhismeasuresaccordingly。Inthosetimes，andfromoneoftheworstoftheCaesars，wemightexpectsuchconduct;butIamsurethatfromEnglishsurgeonsatthisdayIneedlookfornoexpressionsofimpatience，orofanyotherfeelingsbutsuchasareanswerabletothatpureloveofscienceandallitsinterestswhichinducesmetomakesuchanoffer。
Sept30，1822
Footnotes：
{1}"NotyetRECORDED，"Isay;forthereisonecelebratedmanofthepresentday，who，ifallbetruewhichisreportedofhim，hasgreatlyexceededmeinquantity。
{2}Athirdexceptionmightperhapshavebeenadded;andmyreasonfornotaddingthatexceptionischieflybecauseitwasonlyinhisjuvenileeffortsthatthewriterwhomIalludetoexpresslyaddressedhintstophilosophicalthemes;hisriperpowershavingbeenalldedicated（onveryexcusableandveryintelligiblegrounds，underthepresentdirectionofthepopularmindinEngland）tocriticismandtheFineArts。Thisreasonapart，however，Idoubtwhetherheisnotrathertobeconsideredanacutethinkerthanasubtleone。Itis，besides，agreatdrawbackonhismasteryoverphilosophicalsubjectsthathehasobviouslynothadtheadvantageofaregularscholasticeducation：hehasnotreadPlatoinhisyouth（whichmostlikelywasonlyhismisfortune），butneitherhashereadKantinhismanhood（whichishisfault）。
{3}IdisclaimanyallusiontoEXISTINGprofessors，ofwhomindeedIknowonlyone。
{4}TothissameJew，bytheway，someeighteenmonthsafterwards，Iappliedagainonthesamebusiness;and，datingatthattimefromarespectablecollege，Iwasfortunateenoughtogainhisseriousattentiontomyproposals。Mynecessitieshadnotarisenfromanyextravaganceoryouthfullevities（thesemyhabitsandthenatureofmypleasuresraisedmefarabove），butsimplyfromthevindictivemaliceofmyguardian，who，whenhefoundhimselfnolongerabletopreventmefromgoingtotheuniversity，had，asapartingtokenofhisgoodnature，refusedtosignanorderforgrantingmeashillingbeyondtheallowancemadetomeatschool——viz。，100poundsperannum。Uponthissumitwasinmytimebarelypossibletohavelivedincollege，andnotpossibletoamanwho，thoughabovethepaltryaffectationofostentatiousdisregardformoney，andwithoutanyexpensivetastes，confidedneverthelessrathertoomuchinservants，anddidnotdelightinthepettydetailsofminuteeconomy。Isoon，therefore，becameembarrassed，andatlength，afteramostvoluminousnegotiationwiththeJew（somepartsofwhich，ifIhadleisuretorehearsethem，wouldgreatlyamusemyreaders），IwasputinpossessionofthesumIaskedfor，onthe"regular"termsofpayingtheJewseventeenandahalfpercent。bywayofannuityonallthemoneyfurnished;Israel，onhispart，graciouslyresumingnomorethanaboutninetyguineasofthesaidmoney，onaccountofanattorney’sbill（forwhatservices，towhomrendered，andwhen，whetheratthesiegeofJerusalem，atthebuildingofthesecondTemple，oronsomeearlieroccasion，Ihavenotyetbeenabletodiscover）。HowmanyperchesthisbillmeasuredIreallyforget;butIstillkeepitinacabinetofnaturalcuriosities，andsometimeorotherIbelieveIshallpresentittotheBritishMuseum。
{5}TheBristolmailisthebestappointedintheKingdom，owingtothedoubleadvantagesofanunusuallygoodroadandofanextrasumfortheexpensessubscribedbytheBristolmerchants。
{6}Itwillbeobjectedthatmanymen，ofthehighestrankandwealth，haveinourownday，aswellasthroughoutourhistory，beenamongsttheforemostincourtingdangerinbattle。True;butthisisnotthecasesupposed;longfamiliaritywithpowerhastothemdeadeneditseffectanditsattractions。
{7}[Greektext]
{8}[Greektext]。EURIP。Orest。
{9}[Greektext]
{10}[Greektext]。ThescholarwillknowthatthroughoutthispassageIrefertotheearlyscenesoftheOrestes;oneofthemostbeautifulexhibitionsofthedomesticaffectionswhicheventhedramasofEuripidescanfurnish。TotheEnglishreaderitmaybenecessarytosaythatthesituationattheopeningofthedramaisthatofabrotherattendedonlybyhissisterduringthedemoniacalpossessionofasufferingconscience（or，inthemythologyoftheplay，hauntedbytheFuries），andincircumstancesofimmediatedangerfromenemies，andofdesertionorcoldregardfromnominalfriends。
{11}EVANESCED：thiswayofgoingoffthestageoflifeappearstohavebeenwellknowninthe17thcentury，butatthattimetohavebeenconsideredapeculiarprivilegeofblood-royal，andbynomeanstobeallowedtodruggists。Forabouttheyear1686apoetofratherominousname（andwho，by-the-bye，didamplejusticetohisname），viz。，Mr。FLAT-MAN，inspeakingofthedeathofCharlesII。
expresseshissurprisethatanyprinceshouldcommitsoabsurdanactasdying，because，sayshe，"Kingsshoulddisdaintodie，andonlyDISAPPEAR。"
TheyshouldABSCOND，thatis，intotheotherworld。
{12}Ofthis，however，thelearnedappearlatterlytohavedoubted;
forinapiratededitionofBuchan’sDomesticMedicine，whichIoncesawinthehandsofafarmer’swife，whowasstudyingitforthebenefitofherhealth，theDoctorwasmadetosay——"Beparticularlycarefulnevertotakeabovefive-and-twentyOUNCESoflaudanumatonce;"thetruereadingbeingprobablyfive-and-twentyDROPS，whichareheldequaltoaboutonegrainofcrudeopium。
{13}Amongstthegreatherdoftravellers，&c。，whoshowsufficientlybytheirstupiditythattheyneverheldanyintercoursewithopium，ImustcautionmyreadersspeciallyagainstthebrilliantauthorofAnastasius。Thisgentleman，whosewitwouldleadonetopresumehimanopium-eater，hasmadeitimpossibletoconsiderhiminthatcharacter，fromthegrievousmisrepresentationwhichhegivesofitseffectsatpp。215-17ofvol。i。Uponconsiderationitmustappearsuchtotheauthorhimself，for，waivingtheerrorsIhaveinsistedoninthetext，which（andothers）areadoptedinthefullestmanner，hewillhimselfadmitthatanoldgentleman"withasnow-whitebeard，"whoeats"ampledosesofopium，"andisyetabletodeliverwhatismeantandreceivedasveryweightycounselonthebadeffectsofthatpractice，isbutanindifferentevidencethatopiumeitherkillspeopleprematurelyorsendsthemintoamadhouse。Butformypart，Iseeintothisoldgentlemanandhismotives：thefactis，hewasenamouredof"thelittlegoldenreceptacleoftheperniciousdrug"
whichAnastasiuscarriedabouthim;andnowayofobtainingitsosafeandsofeasibleoccurredasthatoffrighteningitsowneroutofhiswits（which，bythebye，arenoneofthestrongest）。Thiscommentarythrowsanewlightuponthecase，andgreatlyimprovesitasastory;fortheoldgentleman’sspeech，consideredasalectureonpharmacy，ishighlyabsurd;butconsideredasahoaxonAnastasius，itreadsexcellently。
{14}Ihavenotthebookatthismomenttoconsult;butIthinkthepassagebegins——"Andeventhattavernmusic，whichmakesonemanmerry，anothermad，inmestrikesadeepfitofdevotion，"&c。
{15}Ahandsomenewsroom，ofwhichIwasverypolitelymadefreeinpassingthroughManchesterbyseveralgentlemenofthatplace，iscalled，Ithink，ThePorch;whenceI，whoamastrangerinManchester，inferredthatthesubscribersmeanttoprofessthemselvesfollowersofZeno。ButIhavebeensinceassuredthatthisisamistake。
{16}Iherereckontwenty-fivedropsoflaudanumasequivalenttoonegrainofopium，which，Ibelieve，isthecommonestimate。
However，asbothmaybeconsideredvariablequantities（thecrudeopiumvaryingmuchinstrength，andthetincturestillmore），I
supposethatnoinfinitesimalaccuracycanbehadinsuchacalculation。Teaspoonsvaryasmuchinsizeasopiuminstrength。
Smallonesholdabout100drops;sothat8，000dropsareabouteightytimesateaspoonful。ThereaderseeshowmuchIkeptwithinDr。Buchan’sindulgentallowance。
{17}This，however，isnotanecessaryconclusion;thevarietiesofeffectproducedbyopiumondifferentconstitutionsareinfinite。A
Londonmagistrate（Harriott’sStrugglesthroughLife，vol。iii。p。
391，thirdedition）hasrecordedthat，onthefirstoccasionofhistryinglaudanumforthegouthetookFORTYdrops，thenextnightSIXTY，andonthefifthnightEIGHTY，withoutanyeffectwhatever;
andthisatanadvancedage。Ihaveananecdotefromacountrysurgeon，however，whichsinksMr。Harriott’scaseintoatrifle;andinmyprojectedmedicaltreatiseonopium，whichIwillpublishprovidedtheCollegeofSurgeonswillpaymeforenlighteningtheirbenightedunderstandingsuponthissubject，Iwillrelateit;butitisfartoogoodastorytobepublishedgratis。
{18}SeethecommonaccountsinanyEasterntravellerorvoyagerofthefranticexcessescommittedbyMalayswhohavetakenopium，orarereducedtodesperationbyill-luckatgambling。
{19}ThereadermustrememberwhatIheremeanbyTHINKING，becauseelsethiswouldbeaverypresumptuousexpression。England，oflate，hasbeenrichtoexcessinfinethinkers，inthedepartmentsofcreativeandcombiningthought;butthereisasaddearthofmasculinethinkersinanyanalyticpath。AScotchmanofeminentnamehaslatelytoldusthatheisobligedtoquitevenmathematicsforwantofencouragement。
{20}WilliamLithgow。Hisbook（Travels，&，c。）isillandpedanticallywritten;buttheaccountofhisownsufferingsontherackatMalagaisoverpoweringlyaffecting。
{21}InsayingthisImeannodisrespecttotheindividualhouse，asthereaderwillunderstandwhenItellhimthat，withtheexceptionofoneortwoprincelymansions，andsomefewinferioronesthathavebeencoatedwithRomancement，Iamnotacquaintedwithanyhouseinthismountainousdistrictwhichiswhollywaterproof。Thearchitectureofbooks，Iflattermyself，isconductedonjustprinciplesinthiscountry;butforanyotherarchitecture，itisinabarbarousstate，andwhatisworse，inaretrogradestate。
{22}OnwhichlastnoticeIwouldremarkthatminewasTOOrapid，andthesufferingthereforeneedlesslyaggravated;orrather，perhaps，itwasnotsufficientlycontinuousandequablygraduated。
Butthatthereadermayjudgeforhimself，andaboveallthattheOpium-eater，whoispreparingtoretirefrombusiness，mayhaveeverysortofinformationbeforehim，Isubjoinmydiary：-
FirstWeekSecondWeekDropsofLaud。DropsofLaud。
Mond。June24……130Mond。July1……80
25……1402……80
26……1303……90
27……804……100
28……805……80
29……806……80
30……807……80
ThirdWeekFourthWeekMond。July8……300Mond。July15……76
9……5016……73。5
10}17……73。5
11}Hiatusin18……70
12}MS。19……240
13}20……80
14……7621……350
FifthWeekMond。July22……60
23……none。
24……none。
25……none。
26……200
27……none。
Whatmeantheseabruptrelapses，thereaderwillaskperhaps，tosuchnumbersas300，350，&c。？TheIMPULSEtotheserelapseswasmereinfirmityofpurpose;theMOTIVE，whereanymotiveblendedwiththisimpulse，waseithertheprinciple，of"reculerpourmieuxsauter;"（forunderthetorporofalargedose，whichlastedforadayortwo，alessquantitysatisfiedthestomach，whichonawakeningfounditselfpartlyaccustomedtothisnewration）;orelseitwasthisprinciple——thatofsufferingsotherwiseequal，thosewillbebornebestwhichmeetwithamoodofanger。Now，wheneverIascendedtomylargedoseIwasfuriouslyincensedonthefollowingday，andcouldthenhaveborneanything。