Notabreath’stimeforasking;aneye-glancerevealsallthetaleuntold。[61]
TheyfollowmadHamishafarupthecragtowardthesea,Andtheladycries:"Clansmen,runforafee!——
YoncastleandlandstothetwofirsthandsthatshallhookhimandholdFastHamishbackfromthebrink!"——andevershefliesupthesteep,Andtheclansmenpant,andtheysweat,andtheyjostleandstrain。
But,mother,’tisvain;but,father,’tisvain;
SternHamishstandsboldonthebrink,anddanglesthechildo’erthedeep。
Nowafaintnessfallsonthementhatrun,andtheyallstandstill。
AndthewifepraysHamishasifhewereGod,onherknees,Crying:"Hamish!OHamish!butplease,butplease[71]
Fortosparehim!"andHamishstilldanglesthechild,withawaveringwill。
Onasuddenheturns;withasea-hawkscream,andagibe,andasong,Cries:"So;Iwillspareyethechildif,insightofyeall,TenblowsonMaclean’sbarebackshallfall,Andyereckonnostrokeifthebloodfollownotatthebiteofthethong!"
ThenMacleanhesethardlyhistoothtohislipthathistoothwasred,Breathedshortforaspace,said:"Nay,butitnevershallbe!
Letmehurloffthedamnablehoundinthesea!"
Butthewife:"CanHamishgofishusthechildfromthesea,ifdead?
"Sayyea!——LetthemlashME,Hamish?"——"Nay!"——
"Husband,thelashingwillheal;[81]
But,oh,whowillhealmethebonnysweetbairninhisgrave?
Couldyecurememyheartwiththedeathofaknave?
Quick!Love!Iwillbarethee——so——kneel!"ThenMaclean’ganslowlytokneelWithneveraword,tillpresentlydownwardhejerkedtotheearth。
Thenthehenchman——hethatsmoteHamish——wouldtrembleandlag;
"Strike,hard!"quothHamish,fullstern,fromthecrag;
Thenhestruckhim,and"One!"sangHamish,anddancedwiththechildinhismirth。
AndnomanspakebesideHamish;hecountedeachstrokewithasong。
Whenthelaststrokefell,thenhemovedhimapacedowntheheight,Andheheldforththechildintheheartachingsight[91]
Ofthemother,andlookedallpitifulgrave,asrepentingawrong。
Andthereasthemotherlyarmsstretchedoutwiththethanksgivingprayer——
Andthereasthemothercreptupwithafearfulswiftpace,Tillherfingernighfeltofthebairnie’sface——
InaflashfierceHamishturnedroundandliftedthechildintheair,Andsprangwiththechildinhisarmsfromthehorribleheightinthesea,Shrillscreeching,"Revenge!"inthewind-rush;andpallidMaclean,Age-feeblewithangerandimpotentpain,Crawleduponthecrag,andlayflat,andlockedholdofdeadrootsofatree——
Andgazedhungrilyo’er,andthebloodfromhisbackdrip-drippedinthebrine,[101]
Andasea-hawkflungdownaskeletonfishasheflew,Andthemotherstaredwhiteonthewasteofblue,Andthewinddroveacloudtoseaward,andthesunbegantoshine。
____
Baltimore,1878。
Notes:TheRevengeofHamishForanappreciationofthisfinepoemsee`Introduction’,pp。xlv,xlvii[PartIV],Mr。J。R。Tait,afriendwithwhomMr。Lanierdiscussed`TheRevengeofHamish’,kindlywritesmethattheauthortooktheplotfromWilliamBlack’snovel,`MacleodofDare’。
Inchapteriii。Macleod,ofCastleDare,Mull,tellsthestorytohisLondonentertainer;but,asthestoryofthenovelisidenticalwiththatofthepoem,itneednotbegivenhere。
Thenovel,Ishouldadd,givesthenameofthechieftainonly,though,asithasaHamishinanotherconnection,itdoubtlessgaveLanierthisnameforthehenchman。PrevioustothereceptionofMr。Tait’sletterIsupposedthatLanierhadborrowedhisplotfromapoembyCharlesMackay,`Maclaine’sChild,ALegendofLochbuy,Mull’,whichinplotisidenticalwithLanier’spoem,exceptthattheformerbeginswiththespeechofthefloggedhenchman,herenamedEvan,andendsbytellingusthatthebodieswerefoundandthatofEvanwashangedonagallows-tree。Thepoemistoolongforquotation,butmaybefoundinanyeditionofMackayorinGarrett’s`OneHundredChoiceSelections:
NumberNine’(Phila。,1887)。
17。TheMacleans,forcenturiesoneofthemostpowerfulofScottishclans,havesincethefourteenthcenturylivedinMull,oneofthelargestoftheHebridesIslands。ThetwoleadingbranchesoftheclanweretheMacleansofDowartandtheMacleansofLochbuy,bothtakingtheirnamesfromtheseatsoftheircastles。TheLochbuyfamilynowspellsitsnameMacLAINE。ForadetailedhistoryoftheclanseeKeltie’s`HistoryoftheScottishHighlands,HighlandClans’,etc。
(London,1885)。InterestingbooksaboutMullandtheHebridesare:
Johnson’s`AJourneytotheHebrides’andRobertBuchanan’s`TheHebridIsles’
(London,1883)。Instructive,too,isCummin’s`AroundMull’
(`TheAtlanticMonthly’,16。11-19,167-176,July,August,1865)。
TheMarshesofGlynnGloomsofthelive-oaks,beautiful-braidedandwoven[1]
Withintricateshadesofthevinesthatmyriad-clovenClambertheforksofthemultiformboughs,——
Emeraldtwilights,——
Virginalshylights,Wroughtoftheleavestoalluretothewhisperofvows,WhenloverspacetimidlydownthroughthegreencolonnadesOfthedimsweetwoods,ofthedeardarkwoods,Oftheheavenlywoodsandglades,Thatruntotheradiantmarginalsand-beachwithinThewidesea-marshesofGlynn;——[11]
Beautifulglooms,softdusksinthenoon-dayfire,——
Wildwoodprivacies,closetsoflonedesire,Chamberfromchamberpartedwithwaveringarrasofleaves,——
Cellsforthepassionatepleasureofprayertothesoulthatgrieves,Purewithasenseofthepassingofsaintsthroughthewood,Coolforthedutifulweighingofillwithgood;——
Obraideddusksoftheoakandwovenshadesofthevine,Whiletheriotousnoon-daysunoftheJune-daylongdidshineYeheldmefastinyourheartandIheldyoufastinmine;
Butnowwhenthenoonisnomore,andriotisrest,[21]
Andthesunisa-waitattheponderousgateoftheWest,Andtheslantyellowbeamdownthewood-aisledothseemLikealaneintoheaventhatleadsfromadream,——
Ay,now,whenmysoulalldayhathdrunkenthesouloftheoak,Andmyheartisateasefrommen,andthewearisomesoundofthestrokeOfthescytheoftimeandthetroweloftradeislow,Andbeliefovermastersdoubt,andIknowthatIknow,Andmyspiritisgrowntoalordlygreatcompasswithin,ThatthelengthandthebreadthandthesweepofthemarshesofGlynnWillworkmenofearlikethefeartheyhavewroughtmeofyore[31]
Whenlengthwasfatigue,andwhenbreadthwasbutbitternesssore,AndwhenterrorandshrinkinganddrearyunnamablepainDrewovermeoutofthemercilessmilesoftheplain,——
Oh,now,unafraid,IamfaintofaceThevastsweetvisageofspace。
TotheedgeofthewoodIamdrawn,Iamdrawn,Wherethegraybeachglimmeringruns,asabeltofthedawn,ForameteandamarkTotheforest-dark:——
So:[41]
Affablelive-oak,leaninglow,——
Thus——withyourfavor——soft,withareverenthand,(Notlightlytouchingyourperson,Lordoftheland!)
Bendingyourbeautyaside,withastepIstandOnthefirm-packedsand,FreeByaworldofmarshthatbordersaworldofsea。
SinuoussouthwardandsinuousnorthwardtheshimmeringbandOfthesand-beachfastensthefringeofthemarshtothefoldsoftheland。
Inwardandoutwardtonorthwardandsouthwardthebeach-lineslingerandcurl[51]
Asasilver-wroughtgarmentthatclingstoandfollowsthefirmsweetlimbsofagirl。
Vanishing,swerving,evermorecurvingagainintosight,Softlythesand-beachwaversawaytoadimgrayloopingoflight。
Andwhatifbehindmetowestwardthewallofthewoodsstandshigh?
Theworldlieseast:howample,themarshandtheseaandthesky!
Aleagueandaleagueofmarsh-grass,waist-high,broadintheblade,Green,andallofaheight,andunfleckedwithalightorashade,Stretchleisurelyoff,inapleasantplain,Totheterminalblueofthemain。
Oh,whatisabroadinthemarshandtheterminalsea?[61]
SomehowmysoulseemssuddenlyfreeFromtheweighingoffateandthesaddiscussionofsin,BythelengthandthebreadthandthesweepofthemarshesofGlynn。
Yemarshes,howcandidandsimpleandnothing-withholdingandfreeYepublishyourselvestotheskyandofferyourselvestothesea!
Tolerantplains,thatsuffertheseaandtherainsandthesun,YespreadandspanlikethecatholicmanwhohathmightilywonGodoutofknowledgeandgoodoutofinfinitepainAndsightoutofblindnessandpurityoutofastain。
Asthemarsh-hensecretlybuildsonthewaterysod,[71]
BeholdIwillbuildmeanestonthegreatnessofGod:
IwillflyinthegreatnessofGodasthemarsh-henfliesInthefreedomthatfillsallthespace’twixtthemarshandtheskies:
Bysomanyrootsasthemarsh-grasssendsinthesodIwillheartilylaymea-holdonthegreatnessofGod:
Oh,liketothegreatnessofGodisthegreatnesswithinTherangeofthemarshes,theliberalmarshesofGlynn。
Andthesealendslarge,asthemarsh:lo,outofhisplentytheseaPoursfast:fullsoonthetimeoftheflood-tidemustbe:
Lookhowthegraceoftheseadothgo[81]
AboutandaboutthroughtheintricatechannelsthatflowHereandthere,Everywhere,Tillhiswatershavefloodedtheuttermostcreeksandthelow-lyinglanes,Andthemarshismeshedwithamillionveins,ThatlikeaswithrosyandsilveryessencesflowIntherose-and-silvereveningglow。
Farewell,mylordSun!
Thecreeksoverflow:athousandrivuletsrun’Twixttherootsofthesod;thebladesofthemarsh-grassstir;[91]
Passethahurryingsoundofwingsthatwestwardwhirr;
Passeth,andallisstill;andthecurrentsceasetorun;
Andtheseaandthemarshareone。
Howstilltheplainsofthewatersbe!
Thetideisinhisecstasy。
Thetideisathishighestheight:
Anditisnight。
AndnowfromtheVastoftheLordwillthewatersofsleepRollinonthesoulsofmen,Butwhowillrevealtoourwakingken[101]
TheformsthatswimandtheshapesthatcreepUnderthewatersofsleep?
AndIwouldIcouldknowwhatswimmethbelowwhenthetidecomesinOnthelengthandthebreadthofthemarvellousmarshesofGlynn。
____
Baltimore,1878。
Notes:TheMarshesofGlynnAlthoughDr。Callawaynotedinhisprefacetheimportanceofthispoem,hedidnotincludeitforlackofspace。Thiswouldseemtoindicatethatwhenhepublishedthese"SelectedPoems"in1895,"TheMarshesofGlynn"hadnotyetachieveditslaterprominenceasthegreatestofSidneyLanier’spoems——asnowseemstobetheopinion。
ThesettingofthepoemisthesaltmarshessurroundingthecoastalcityofBrunswick,Georgia,whichisinGlynnCounty——anareawelldeservingofthefameLanierhasgivenit——anditwasintendedasoneinstallmentinaseriesof"HymnsoftheMarshes",ofwhichfourpoemswerecompleted。
Thetextistakenfromthe1916editionof"PoemsofSidneyLanier"。
WilliamHayesWardwroteofthispoem:"HownaturallyhislargefaithinGodfindsexpressioninhis`MarshesofGlynn’。"
EdwinMims,inhisbiographyofSidneyLanier,concludesbyquotingthispoem。
Hewrites:
"Hisbestpoemsmovetothecadenceofatune……Sometimes,asinthe`MarshesofGlynn’andinthebestpartsof`Sunrise’,thereisacosmicrhythmthatislikeuntotherhythmicbeatingoftheheartofGod,ofwhichPoeandLanierhavewritteneloquently。"
Andlatercontinues:
"Indeed,ifonehadtorelyupononepoemtokeepalivethefameofLanier,hecouldsingleout`TheMarshesofGlynn’withassurancethatthereissomethingsoindividualandoriginalaboutit,andthat,atthesametime,thereissucharollandrangeofverseinit,thatitwillsurelylivenotonlyinAmericanpoetrybutinEnglish。
Heretheimaginationhastakentheplaceoffancy,theefforttodogreatthingsendsinvictory,andthemelodyofthepoemcorrespondstotheexaltedthought。Ithasallthestrongpointsof`Sunrise’,withbutfewofitslimitations。ThereissomethingofWhitman’svirileimaginationandEmerson’shighspiritualitycombinedwiththehauntingmelodyofPoe’sbestwork。Writtenin1878,whenLanierwasinthefullexerciseofallhispowers,itisthebestexpressionofhisgeniusandoneofthefewgreatAmericanpoems。
"Thebackgroundofthepoem——asof`Sunrise’——istheforest,thecoastandthemarshesnearBrunswick,Georgia。EarlyinlifeLanierhadbeenthrilledbythiswonderfulnaturalscenery,andlatervisitshadthemorepowerfullyimpressedhisimagination。
HeisthepoetofthemarshesassurelyasBryantisoftheforests,orWordsworthofthemountains。
"Thepoetrepresentshimselfashavingspentthedayintheforestandcomingatsunsetintofullviewofthelengthandthebreadthandthesweepofthemarshes。Thegloomsofthelive-oaksandtheemeraldtwilightsofthe`dimsweetwoods,ofthedeardarkwoods,’
havebeenasarefugefromtheriotousnoon-daysun。Morethanthat,inthewildwoodprivaciesandclosetsoflonedesirehehasknownthepassionatepleasureofprayerandthejoyofelevatedthought。
Hisspiritisgrowntoalordlygreatcompasswithin,——heisreadyforwhatWordsworthcallsa`god-likehour’。"
Mr。CallawayalsotreatsthepoeminPartIIIofthe`Introduction’。
RemonstranceOpinion,letmealone:Iamnotthine。[1]
PrimCreed,withcategoricpoint,forbearTofeaturememyLordbyruleandline。
ThoucanstnotmeasureMistressNature’shair,Notonesweetinch:nay,ifthysightissharp,Would’stcountthestringsuponanangel’sharp?
Forbear,forbear。
OhletmelovemyLordmorefathomdeepThanthereislinetosoundwith:letmeloveMyfellownotasmenthatmandateskeep:
Yea,allthat’slovable,below,above,[11]
Thatletmelovebyheart,byheart,because(Freefromthepenalpressureofthelaws)
Ifinditfair。
ThetearsIweepbydayandbitternight,Opinion!forthysolesaltvintagefall。
——AsmornbymornIrisewithfreshdelight,Timethroughmycasementcheerilydothcall,"Natureisnew,’tisbirthdayeveryday,Comefeastwithme,letnomansaymenay,Whate’erbefall。"[21]
SofareIforthtofeast:IsitbesideSomebrotherbright:but,eregood-morrow’spassed,BurlyOpinionwedginginhathcried,"Thoushaltnotsitbyus,tobreakthyfast,SavetoourRubricthousubscribeandswear——
`Religionhathblueeyesandyellowhair’:
She’sSaxon,all。"
Then,harda-hungeredformybrother’sgraceTillwell-nighfaintoswearhisfolly’strue,InsaddissentIturnmylongingface[31]
Tohimthatsitsontheleft:"Brother,——withyou?"
——"Nay,notwithme,savethousubscribeandswear`Religionhathblackeyesandravenhair’:
Noughtelseistrue。"
DebarredofbanquetsthatmyheartcouldmakeWitheverymanoneverydayoflife,Ihomewardturn,myfiresofpaintoslakeIndeependearmentsofaworshipedwife。
"Ilovetheewell,dearLove,"quothshe,"andyetWouldthatthycreedwithminecompletelymet,[41]
Asone,nottwo。"
Assassin!Thief!Opinion,’tisthywork。
ByChurch,bythrone,byhearth,byeverygoodThat’sintheTownofTime,Iseetheelurk,Ande’ersomeshadowstayswherethouhaststood。
Thouhand’stsweetSocrateshishemlocksour;
Thousav’stBarabbasinthathideoushour,Andstabb’stthegoodDelivererChrist;thourack’stthesoulsofmen;
Thoutossestgirlstolionsandboystoflames;[51]
Thouhew’stCrusaderdownbySaracen;
Thoubuildestclosetsfullofsecretshames;
Indifferentcruel,thoudostblowtheblazeRoundRidleyorServetus;allthydaysSmellscorched;Iwould——Thoubase-bornAccidentoftimeandplace——
BigotPretenderuntoJudgment’sthrone——
Bastard,thatclaimestwithacunningfaceThoserightsthetrue,trueSonofMandothownByLove’sauthority——thouRebelcold[61]
Atheadofcivilwarsandquarrelsold——
ThouKnifeonathrone——
Iwouldthouleft’stmefree,tolivewithlove,Andfaith,thatthroughtheloveoflovedothfindMyLord’sdearpresenceinthestarsabove,Theclodsbelow,thefleshwithout,themindWithin,thebread,thetear,thesmile。
Opinion,damnedIntriguer,graywithguile,Letmealone。
____
Baltimore,1878-9。
Notes:RemonstranceThisisthefirstandthegreatestofthe`Street-cries’:
seetheintroductorynoteto`LifeandSong’。
Foraninterpretationofthepoemsee`Introduction’,pp。xxix[PartIII],xlv,xlvii[PartIV]。
26,33。Amusingillustrationsofsuchintolerancemaybefoundin`Jack-knifeandBrambles’(Nashville,1893),byBishopAtticusG。Haygood,oftheMethodistChurch,South。Onebrother,wearetold(p。278),objectedtohearingBishopHaygoodin1859becauseofhiswearingabeard;
whileanother(p。281),alonginthethirties,votedagainstlicensingBishopGeorgeF。Piercebecausehishairwas"combedbackfromhisforehead"!
46。ForanaccountofSocrates,theGreekphilosopher,poisonedin399B。C。,seeXenophon’s`Memorabilia’andPlato’sdialogues。
47。SeeSt。Matthew27:20。
54。FortheburningofNicholasRidley,anEnglishBishop,onOctober16,1555,seeGreen’s`ShorterHistoryofEngland’。
MichaelServetus,aSpanishscientificandtheologicalwriter,wasburnedasahereticatGeneva,October27,1553。
OppositionOffret,ofdark,ofthorn,ofchill,[1]
Complainnomore;forthese,Oheart,DirecttherandomofthewillAsrhymesdirecttherageofart。
Thelute’sfixtfret,thatrunsathwartThestrainandpurposeofthestring,ForgovernanceandniceconsortDothbarhiswillfulwavering。
Thedarkhathmanydearavails;
Thedarkdistilsdivinestdews;
Thedarkisrichwithnightingales,[11]
Withdreams,andwiththeheavenlyMuse。
Bleedingwiththornsofpettystrife,I’llease(asloversdo)mysmartWithsonnetstomyladyLifeWritredinissuesfromtheheart。
WhatgracemayliewithinthechillOffavorfrozenfastinscorn!
WhenGood’sa-freeze,wecallitIll!
ThisrosyTimeisglacier-born。
Offret,ofdark,ofthorn,ofchill,[21]
Complainthounot,Oheart;fortheseBank-inthecurrentofthewillTouses,arts,andcharities。
____
Baltimore,1879-80。
Notes:OppositionAsanintroductiontothispoemIquoteasentencefromDr。Gates’sexcellentessay:"Aswelookatthecircumstancesofhislife,letuscarrywithusthestrainsofthispoem,whichinterpretstheuseofcrosses,interferences,andattemptedthwartingsofone’spurpose;
fortheethicalvalueofLanier’slifeandwritingscanbefullyunderstoodonlybyrememberinghowmuchheovercameandhowheroicallyhepersistedinmanlyworkinhischosenartthroughyearsofsuchbrokenhealthaswouldhavedrivenmostmentotheinert,self-indulgentlifeofaninvalid。
Thesuperbpowerofwillwhichhedisplayedisalessonasvaluableasthenoblepoemswhichitillustratesandenforces。"
MarshSong——AtSunsetOverthemonstrousshamblingsea,[1]
OvertheCalibansea,BrightAriel-cloud,thoulingerest:
Ohwait,ohwait,inthewarmredWest,——
ThyProsperoI’llbe。
Overthehumpedandfishysea,OvertheCalibansea,OcloudintheWest,likeathoughtintheheartOfpardon,loosethywing,andstart,Anddoagraceforme。
Overthehugeandhuddlingsea,[11]
OvertheCalibansea,BringhithermybrotherAntonio,——Man,——
Myinjurer:nightbreakstheban;
Brother,Ipardonthee。
____
Baltimore,1879-80。
Notes:MarshSong——AtSunsetAtthefirstreading,nodoubt,thissongappearsindistinct,thoughpoetical。
Onasecondreading,however,withShakespeare’s`Tempest’freshinmind,itseems,asitis,highlyartistic;andwewonderatthehappyusemadeoftheShakespeareancharacters:thegracious,forgivingProspero,therightfulDukeofMilan;Antonio,hisusurpingbrother,forgivennotwithstanding;Caliban,thesavage,deformed,fish-likeslave;
andAriel,theministeringspiritoftheair。
With`AtSunset’compareLanier’s`EveningSong’,anotherandamoreagreeablesunsetpicture。
ABalladofTreesandtheMasterIntothewoodsmyMasterwent,[1]
Cleanforspent,forspent。
IntothewoodsmyMastercame,Forspentwithloveandshame。
ButtheolivestheywerenotblindtoHim,ThelittlegrayleaveswerekindtoHim:
Thethorn-treehadamindtoHimWhenintothewoodsHecame。
OutofthewoodsmyMasterwent,AndHewaswellcontent。
OutofthewoodsmyMastercame,[11]
Contentwithdeathandshame。
WhenDeathandShamewouldwooHimlast,FromunderthetreestheydrewHimlast:
’TwasonatreetheyslewHim——lastWhenoutofthewoodsHecame。
____
Baltimore,November,1880。
Notes:ABalladofTreesandtheMasterInthe`Introduction’(p。xxxiff。[PartIII])IhavetriedtoshowtheintensityandthebreadthofLanier’sloveofnatureingeneral。
PresidentGatesgivesaseparatesectiontoLanier’sloveoftreesandplant-life;and,afterquotingsomelinesonthesoothingandinspiringcompanionshipoftrees,thusspeaksofourBallad:"Thisministrationoftreestoamindandheart`forspentwithshameandgrief’findsitsculminationinthepatheticlinesuponthatolive-gardennearJerusalem,whichtothoseofuswhohavesatwithinitsshademustalwaysseemthemostsacredspotonearth。
Thealmostmysticexaltationofthepowerofpoeticsympathywhichinspiredtheseintenselines,`IntotheWoodsmyMasterwent’,mayimpairtheirreligiouseffectformanydevoutsouls。
Buttomanyothersthisshortpoemwillexpressmostwonderfullythatessentialhuman-heartednessintheSonofMan,ourDivineSaviour,whichmadeHimonewithusinHisneedofthequiet,sympatheticministrationsofnature——perhapstheheartofthereasonwhythisolive-grovewas`theplacewhereHewaswonttogo’forprayer。"
SeeSt。Luke22:39。
ForLanier’sotherpoemsonChristsee`Introduction’,p。xxxviif。[PartIII]。
SunriseInmysleepIwasfainoftheirfellowship,fain[1]
Ofthelive-oak,themarsh,andthemain。
Thelittlegreenleaveswouldnotletmealoneinmysleep;
Up-breathedfromthemarshes,amessageofrangeandofsweep,Interwovenwithwafturesofwildsea-liberties,drifting,Camethroughthelappedleavessifting,sifting,Cametothegatesofsleep。
Thenmythoughts,inthedarkofthedungeon-keepOftheCastleofCaptiveshidintheCityofSleep,Upstarted,bytwosandbythreesassembling:
Thegatesofsleepfella-trembling[11]
Likeasthelipsofaladythatforthfalter"yes",Shakenwithhappiness:
Thegatesofsleepstoodwide。
Ihavewaked,Ihavecome,mybeloved!Imightnotabide:
Ihavecomeerethedawn,Obeloved,mylive-oaks,tohideInyourgospellingglooms,——tobeAsaloverinheaven,themarshmymarshandtheseamysea。
Tellme,sweetburly-bark’d,man-bodiedTreeThatminearmsinthedarkareembracing,dostknowFromwhatfountarethesetearsatthyfeetwhichflow?[21]
Theyrisenotfromreason,butdeeperinconsequentdeeps。
Reason’snotonethatweeps。
WhatlogicofgreetingliesBetwixtdearover-beautifultreesandtherainoftheeyes?
Ocunninggreenleaves,littlemasters!likeasyeglossAllthedull-tissueddarkwithyourluminousdarksthatembossThevagueblacknessofnightintopatternandplan,So,(ButwouldIcouldknow,butwouldIcouldknow,)
Withyourquestionembroid’ringthedarkofthequestionofman,——[31]
So,withyoursilencespurflingthissilenceofmanWhilehiscrytothedeadforsomeknowledgeisundertheban,Undertheban,——
So,yehavewroughtmeDesignsonthenightofourknowledge,——yea,yehavetaughtme,So,Thathaplyweknowsomewhatmorethanweknow。
Yelispers,whisperers,singersinstorms,Yeconsciencesmurmuringfaithsunderforms,Yeministersmeetforeachpassionthatgrieves,[41]
Friendly,sisterly,sweetheartleaves,Oh,rainmedownfromyourdarksthatcontainmeWisdomsyewinnowfromwindsthatpainme,——
Siftdowntremorsofsweet-within-sweetThatadvisemeofmorethantheybring,——repeatMethewoods-smellthatswiftlybutnowbroughtbreathFromtheheaven-sidebankoftheriverofdeath,——
Teachmethetermsofsilence,——preachmeThepassionofpatience,——siftme,——impeachme,——
Andthere,ohthere[51]
Asyehangwithyourmyriadpalmsupturnedintheair,Praymeamyriadprayer。
Mygossip,theowl,——isitthouThatoutoftheleavesofthelow-hangingbough,AsIpasstothebeach,artstirred?
Dumbwoods,haveyeutteredabird?……
ReverendMarsh,low-couchedalongthesea,Oldchemist,raptinalchemy,Distillingsilence,——lo,Thatwhichourfather-agehaddiedtoknow——[61]
Themenstruumthatdissolvesallmatter——thouHastfoundit:forthissilence,fillingnowTheglobedclarityofreceivingspace,Thissolvesusall:man,matter,doubt,disgrace,Death,love,sin,sanity,Mustinyonsilenceclearsolutionlie。
Tooclear!Thatcrystalnothingwho’llperuse?
Theblackestnightcouldbringusbrighternews。
YetpreciousqualitiesofsilencehauntRoundthesevastmargins,ministrant。[71]
Oh,ifthysoul’satlattergaspforspace,WithtryingtobreathenobiggerthanthyraceJusttobefellow’d,whenthatthouhastfoundNomanwithroom,orgraceenoughofboundToentertainthatNewthoutell’st,thouart,——
’Tishere,’tisherethoucanstunhandthyheartAndbreatheitfree,andbreatheitfree,Byrangymarsh,inlonesea-liberty。
Thetide’satfull:themarshwithfloodedstreamsGlimmers,alimpidlabyrinthofdreams。[81]
EachwindingcreekingraveentrancementliesArhapsodyofmorning-stars。TheskiesShinescantwithoneforkedgalaxy,——
Themarshbragsten:loopedonhisbreasttheylie。
Oh,whatifasoundshouldbemade!
Oh,whatifaboundshouldbelaidTothisbow-and-stringtensionofbeautyandsilencea-spring,——
Tothebendofbeautythebow,ortheholdofsilencethestring!
Ifearme,IfearmeyondomeofdiaphanousgleamWillbreakasabubbleo’er-blowninadream,——[91]
Yondomeoftoo-tenuoustissuesofspaceandofnight,Over-weightedwithstars,over-freightedwithlight,Over-satedwithbeautyandsilence,willseemButabubblethatbrokeinadream,Ifaboundofdegreetothisgracebelaid,Orasoundoramotionmade。
Butno:itismade:list!somewhere,——mystery,where?
Intheleaves?intheair?
Inmyheart?isamotionmade:
’Tisamotionofdawn,likeaflickerofshadeonshade。[101]
Intheleaves’tispalpable:lowmultitudinousstirringUpwindsthroughthewoods;thelittleones,softlyconferring,Havesettledmylord’stobelookedfor;so;theyarestill;
Buttheairandmyheartandtheeartharea-thrill,——
Andlookwherethewildducksailsroundthebendoftheriver,——
AndlookwhereapassionateshiverExpectantisbendingthebladesOfthemarsh-grassinserialshimmersandshades,——
Andinvisiblewings,fastfleeting,fastfleeting,Arebeating[111]
Thedarkoverheadasmyheartbeats,——andsteadyandfreeIstheebb-tideflowingfrommarshtosea——
(Runhome,littlestreams,Withyourlapfulsofstarsanddreams),——
Andasailorunseenishoistinga-peak,Forlist,downtheinshorecurveofthecreekHowmerrilyfluttersthesail,——
Andlo,intheEast!WilltheEastunveil?
TheEastisunveiled,theEasthathconfessedAflush:’tisdead;’tisalive:’tisdead,eretheWest[121]
Wasawareofit:nay,’tisabiding,’tisunwithdrawn:
Haveacare,sweetHeaven!’TisDawn。
Nowadreamofaflamethroughthatdreamofaflushisuprolled:
Tothezenithascending,adomeofundazzlinggoldIsbuilded,inshapeasabee-hive,fromoutofthesea:
Thehiveisofgoldundazzling,butoh,theBee,Thestar-fedBee,thebuild-fireBee,OfdazzlinggoldisthegreatSun-BeeThatshallflashfromthehive-holeoverthesea。
Yetnowthedew-drop,nowthemorninggray,[131]
ShalllivetheirlittlelucidsoberdayErewiththesuntheirsoulsexhaleaway。
NowineachpettiestpersonalsphereofdewThesumm’dmornshinescompleteasintheblueBigdew-dropofallheaven:withtheselitshrinesO’er-silveredtothefarthestsea-confines,ThesacramentalmarshonepiousplainOfworshiplies。Peacetotheante-reignOfMaryMorning,blissfulmothermild,Mindedofnoughtbutpeace,andofachild。[141]
NotslowerthanMajestymoves,forameanandameasureOfmotion,——notfasterthandatelessOlympianleisureMightpacewithunblownamplegarmentsfrompleasuretopleasure,——
Thewave-serratesea-rimsinksunjarring,unreeling,Foreverrevealing,revealing,revealing,Edgewise,bladewise,halfwise,wholewise,——’tisdone!
Good-morrow,lordSun!
Withseveralvoice,withascriptionone,ThewoodsandthemarshandtheseaandmysoulUntothee,whencetheglitteringstreamofallmorrowsdothroll,[151]
Crygoodandpast-goodandmostheavenlymorrow,lordSun。
OArtisanborninthepurple,——WorkmanHeat,——
ParterofpassionateatomsthattravailtomeetAndbemixedinthedeath-coldoneness,——innermostGuestAtthemarriageofelements,——fellowofpublicans,——blestKingintheblouseofflame,thatloiteresto’erTheidleskiesyetlaborestfastevermore,——
Thou,inthefineforge-thunder,thou,inthebeatOftheheartofaman,thouMotive,——LaborerHeat:
Yea,Artist,thou,ofwhoseartyonsea’sallnews,[161]
Withhisinshoregreensandmanifoldmid-seablues,Pearl-glint,shell-tint,ancientestperfectesthuesEvershamingthemaidens,——lilyandroseConfessthee,andeachmildflamethatglowsIntheclarifiedvirginalbosomsofstonesthatshine,Itisthine,itisthine:
Thouchemistofstorms,whetherdrivingthewindsa-swirlOra-flickerthesubtileressencespolarthatwhirlInthemagnetearth,——yea,thouwithastormforaheart,Rentwithdebate,many-spottedwithquestion,part[171]
Frompartoftsundered,yeteveraglobedlight,Yetevertheartist,evermorelargeandbrightThantheeyeofamanmayavailof:——manifoldOne,Imustpassfromthyface,ImustpassfromthefaceoftheSun:
OldWantisawakeandagog,everywrinklea-frown;
Theworkermustpasstohisworkintheterribletown:
ButIfearnot,nay,andIfearnotthethingtobedone;
IamstrongwiththestrengthofmylordtheSun:
Howdark,howdarksoevertheracethatmustneedsberun,IamlitwiththeSun。[181]
Oh,neverthemast-highrunoftheseasOftrafficshallhidethee,Neverthehell-coloredsmokeofthefactoriesHidethee,Neverthereekofthetime’sfen-politicsHidethee,Andevermyheartthroughthenightshallwithknowledgeabidethee,Andeverbydayshallmyspirit,asonethathathtriedthee,Labor,atleisure,inart,——tillyonderbesidetheeMysoulshallfloat,friendSun,[191]
Thedaybeingdone。
____
Baltimore,December,1880。
Notes:SunriseInthewordsofMrs。Lanier,"`Sunrise’,Mr。Lanier’slatestcompletedpoem,waswrittenwhilehissunoflifeseemedfairlyatthesetting,andthehandwhichfirstpencilleditslineshadnotstrengthtocarrynourishmenttothelips。"See`Introduction’,p。xviii[PartI]。
Lanierhastwootherpoemsonthesametheme,bothshort:
`ASunriseSong’and`BetweenDawnandSunrise’(enteredunder`MarshHymns’)。
Asalreadypointedout(`Introduction’,pp。xxxi[PartIII],xlvii[PartIV]),`Sunrise’showsinapowerfulwaythedelicacyandthecomprehensivenessofLanier’slovefornature。True,asIhaveelsewherestated(`Introduction’,p。xlvi[PartIV]),thepoemhassomeseriouslimitations,moreIthinkthanhas`TheMarshesofGlynn’;but,despiteitsshortcomings,`Sunrise’isfromanabsolutestand-pointagreatpoem;
while,ifweconsiderthecircumstancesunderwhichitwasproduced,itis,inthewordsofProfessorKent,"aworld-marvel"。
AsidefromthenumerousunapproachablesnatchesinShakespeare,*
IknowofnothingonthesubjectinEnglishliteraturecomparableto`Sunrise’。Mr。W。W。Story’s`Sunrise’isperhapstheclosestparallel,andyetitisfarinferiortoLanier’s,aseveryreaderofthetwowilladmit。Ifonewishestomakefurthercomparisons,hemayfindsunrisepoemsinthefollowingauthors:
Blake,Cowper,Emerson,Hood,Keats,Longfellow,Southey,Thompson,Willis,etc。Imayaddthataninteresting,thoughsuperficialarticleon`ThePoetryofSunriseandSunset’maybefoundin`Chambers’sEdinburghJournal’,22,234,October7,1854。
——
*AmongothersImaycitethefollowingpassages:
"Hark!hark!thelarkatheaven’sgatesings,"
in`Cymbeline’,2,3;
"ButlookthemorninrussetmantlecladWalkso’erthedewofyonhigheasternhill,"
in`Hamlet’,1,1;
"Night’scandlesareburntout,andjocunddayStandstiptoeonthemistymountain-tops,"
in`RomeoandJuliet’,3,5;and"FullmanyagloriousmorninghaveIseen"etc。,`Sonnetxxxiii’。
——
3,13-14。See`Introduction’,p。xxxii[PartIII],andcomparel。26。
39-53。See`Introduction’,p。xxxiii[PartIII]。
42。IhadmadethecomparisonbetweenLanierandSt。FrancisbeforereadingDr。Gates’sessayonLanier,andwasdelightedtofindmyjudgmentconfirmedbysocompetentacritic。Dr。Gatesisquiteemphatic:
"SinceSt。Francis,nosoulhasseemedsoheavilyoverchargedwiththisfeelingofbrotherhoodforallcreatedthings。"
`TheCanticleoftheSun’,otherwiseknownas`TheSongoftheCreatures’,maybefoundinmetricalforminMrs。Oliphant’slifeofSt。Francis(NewYork,1870)andinproseinSabatier’s(Scribners,NewYork,1894)。
54。Lanierhasan`OwlagainstRobin’。
57。See`Introduction’,p。xli[PartIV]。
80-85。See`Introduction’,p。xliii[PartIV]。
86-152。See`Introduction’,p。xlvii[PartIV]。Mr。F。F。Brownesaysthatinlyricsweetnessll。86-97recallthebestofKeatsandShelley。
114-115。See`Introduction’,p。xliv[PartIV]。
127。Lanierhasapoementitled`TheBee’。
134-136。See`Introduction’,p。xliii[PartIV]。
181。CompareMrs。Easter’stribute,`LitwiththeSun’。
189-192。See`Introduction’,p。xxi[PartI],andcompareCowdin’stribute,`HopesetandSunrise’,andtheclosingstanzaofHamlinGarland’s:
"Whileheart’sbloodebbedateverybreathHepassedlife’shead-landbleakanddun,FlewthroughthewesterngateofDeathAndtookhisplacebesidethesun。"
BibliographyI。CollectedProseWorksTiger-lilies:ANovel。16mo,pp。v,252。Hurd&Houghton,NewYork,1867。
Outofprint。
Florida:ItsScenery,Climate,andHistory。12mo,pp。336。
J。B。Lippincott&Co。,Philadelphia,1876。
TheBoy’sFroissart。BeingSirJohnFroissart’sChroniclesofAdventure,Battle,andCustominEngland,France,Spain,etc。EditedforBoys。
Crown8vo,pp。xxviii,422。CharlesScribner’sSons,NewYork,1878。
TheScienceofEnglishVerse。Crown8vo,pp。xv,315。
CharlesScribner’sSons,NewYork,1880。
TheBoy’sKingArthur。BeingSirThomasMalory’sHistoryofKingArthurandhisKnightsoftheRoundTable。EditedforBoys。Crown8vo,pp。xlviii,404。CharlesScribner’sSons,NewYork,1880。
TheBoy’sMabinogion。BeingtheEarliestWelshTalesofKingArthurinthefamousRedBookofHergest。EditedforBoys。Crown8vo,pp。xxiv,378。CharlesScribner’sSons,NewYork,1881。
TheBoy’sPercy。BeingOldBalladsofWar,Adventure,andLove,fromBishopThomasPercy’sReliquesofAncientEnglishPoetry。
EditedforBoys。Crown8vo,pp。xxxii,442。CharlesScribner’sSons,NewYork,1882。
TheEnglishNovelandthePrinciplesofitsDevelopment。Crown8vo,pp。293。
CharlesScribner’sSons,NewYork,1883。
II。CollectedPoeticalWorksPoems。Pp。94。J。B。Lippincott&Co。,Philadelphia,1877。
Contained`ToCharlotteCushman’(dedication),`Corn’,`TheSymphony’,`ThePsalmoftheWest’,`InAbsence’,`Acknowledgment’,`Betrayal’,`SpecialPleading’,`ToCharlotteCushman’,`Rose-morals’,`To————withaRose’。
PoemsofSidneyLanier,EditedbyhisWife,withaMemorialbyWilliamHayesWard。NewYork:CharlesScribner’sSons,1884,252pp。,12mo。
III。UncollectedProsePiecesThreeWaterfalls:`Scott’sMagazine’(Atlanta,Ga。),August,September,1867。
AddressbeforetheFurlowMasonicFemaleCollege(Ga。),June30,1869:
`Catalogue’oftheCollegefor1869。
ConfederateMemorialAddressatMacon,Ga。,April26,1870:
`MaconDailyTelegraph’ofApril27,1870,andreprintedinsameforApril27,1887。
RetrospectsandProspects:`SouthernMagazine’(Baltimore)8。283-290,446-456,March,April,1871。
Nature-Metaphors:`SouthernMagazine’10。172-182,February,1872。
SanAntoniodeBexar:`SouthernMagazine’13。83-99,138-152,July,August,1873。
Peace:`SouthernMagazine’15。406-410,October,1874。
ReviewofHayne’sPoems:`SouthernMagazine’,1874。
TheOcklawahainMay:`Lippincott’sMagazine’(Philadelphia)16。403-413,October,1875。
St。AugustineinApril:`Lippincott’sMagazine’16。537-550,November,1875。
SketchesofIndia,publishedanonymously:`Lippincott’sMagazine’17。37-51,172-183,283-301,409-427,January-April,1876。
DefenceofCentennialCantata:`TheTribune’(NewYork),1876。
MusicalFestivalinBaltimore:`TheSun’(Baltimore),May28,29,30,1878。
CriticismofRubinstein’sOceanSymphony:`TheSun’(Baltimore),January31,1880。
TheStoryofaProverb:`Lippincott’sMagazine’23。109-113,January,1879。
LettertoMr。J。F。D。Lanier,abankerofNewYork,givinganaccountoftheLaniersinEuropeandoftheircomingtoAmerica:
privatelyprinted,Baltimore,April2,1879,pp。17。
AFairyTaleforGrownPeople:`St。NicholasMagazine’,1879。
TheOrchestraofTo-day:`Scribner’sMonthly’(NewYork)19。897-904,April,1880。
TheNewSouth:`Scribner’sMonthly’20。840-851。October,1880。
Bob:`TheIndependent’(NewYork)34。1-3,August3,1882。
MoralPurposeinArt:`TheCenturyMagazine’(NewYork)4。131-137,May,1883。
TwoLetterstoBayardTaylor:Taylor(M。H。)andScudder’s`LifeandLettersofBayardTaylor’(Boston,1884),vol。ii。,677,693-94。
TheLegendofSt。Leonor,aFragmentfromanUnfinishedLectureon"TheRelationsofPoetryandScience":`TheIndependent’37。1627,December17,1885。
TheHappySoul’sAddresstotheDeadBody,fromShakespeareCourseofLectures:`TheIndependent’,1886。
AGreatManWanted,ExtractfromLetterofNovember15,1874,toJudgeL。E。Bleckley,ofGeorgia:`TheAcorn’(Towson,Md。),June,1887;
reprintedin`TheCritic’(NewYork)7。309,June18,1887。
FromBacontoBeethoven,publishedanonymously:`Lippincott’sMagazine’
41。643-655,May,1888。
ChaucerandShakespeare:`TheIndependent’43。1337-1338,1371-1372,September10and17,1891。
ChaucerandShakespeareCompared:`TheIndependent’43。1401-1402,September24,1891。
WhatIKnowaboutFlowers,aS。S。addressdeliveredabout1868,butfirstpublishedin`TheSunday-schoolTimes’(Philadelphia)33。739,November21,1891。
HowtoReadChaucer:`TheIndependent’43。1748,November26,1891。
Blood-redFlowerofWar,anextractfrom`Tiger-lilies’(pp。115-121):
`TheSundayNews’(Baltimore),November27,1892。
LetterstoMr。andMrs。GibsonPeacock,fromJanuary26,1875,toJune1,1880,editedbyWm。R。Thayer:`TheAtlanticMonthly’(Boston)
74。14-28,181-193,July,August,1894。
IV。UncollectedPoemsLaughterintheSenate:`TheRoundTable’(NewYork),1868。
CivilRights:`TheHerald’(Atlanta,Ga。),1874。
SongsAgainstDeath(fivestanzas,thelastfragmentary):
`TheCenturyMagazine’10。377,July,1886。
OneinTwo:`CenturyMagazine’12。417,July,1887。
TwoinOne:`CenturyMagazine’12。417,July,1887。
To"TheWhiteFlower"ofTheEnglishNovel,writtenin1878,butprintedin1890byL。Prang(Boston)onanillustratedChristmasCard。
OntheReceiptofaJarofMarmalade,writtenforMrs。C。N。Hawkinsin1877,butprintedinherhusband’spaper,`TheNewCastle(Va。)Record’,April11,1891。
TheLord’sRomanceofTime,anOutline:`Sunday-schoolTimes’
(Philadelphia),1892。
ToLucie,writtenonSt。Valentine’sDay,1880,publishedin`FromDixie’,Richmond,Va。,1893。
V。PoemsinAnthologiesBlackman,O。:see`Lawrence,W。M。’
Hutchinson,EllenM。:see`Stedman,E。C。’
Lawrence(W。M。)andBlackman(O。):`TheRiversideSongBook’(Boston,1893)
has`BabyCharley’(p。91)and`MaytheMaiden’(p。97),bothsettomusic。
Putnam,S。A。Brock:`ThePoetryofAmerica’(NewYork,1894)
has`LifeandSong’,`Nirvana’,`BalladofTreesandtheMaster’,and`Sunrise’。
Roberts,C。G。D。:`PoemsofWildLife’(London,1888)
has`TheRevengeofHamish’(pp。57-62)。
Sladen,Douglas:`YoungerAmericanPoets’(NewYork,1891)
gives(pp。131-145)`Sunrise’,`TheMarshesofGlynn’,`SongoftheChattahoochee’,`ABalladofTreesandtheMaster’,anextractfrom`TheSymphony’,and`TheCrystal’。
Stedman(E。C。)andHutchinson(EllenM。):`ALibraryofAmericanLiterature’
(NewYork,1891)gives(vol。x。,pp。145-151)`TheMarshesofGlynn’,`SongoftheChattahoochee’,`TheMocking-bird’,`TheRevengeofHamish’,`NightandDay’,andaportrait。
VI。Criticisms*ofLanier’sLifeandWorks*Unlessthetitleofthecriticismisgiven,thearticletreatsLanier’slifeandworksingeneral。Exceptinspecialcasesnoaccountismadeofarticlesinthedailypapers。——Forbrevity’ssakeIciteunderthisheadthemusiccomposedforseveralofLanier’spoems。
AmericanYouth(Chicago):3。102。
Appleton’sAnnualCyclopaedia(NewYork):1881,p。685:`Obituary’。
Black,G。D。:`TheAntiochian’(YellowSprings,O。)2:4。4-6,February,1886。
Black,G。D。:`Belford’sMagazine’(Chicago)6。187-190,January,1891。
Blackman,O。:see`Lawrence’under`V’。
Boykin,LauretteN。:`HomeLifeofSidneyLanier’,Atlanta,Ga。,1889,12pp。
Browne,F。F。:`TheDial’(Chicago)5。244-246,January,1885。
Browne,Wm。H。:`MemorialAddress’beforetheJohnsHopkinsUniversity,October22,1881,8pp。Privatelyprinted。
Browne,Wm。H。:`LetterattheUnveilingofaBustofthePoetatMacon,Ga。’,October17,1890,in`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’
ofOctober19,1890。
Browne,Wm。H。:`FromDixie’(Richmond,Va。,1893),pp。40-51。
Buck,Dudley:MusictoLanier’s`CentennialCantata’。
NewYork:G。Schirmer,1876。
Buck,Dudley:`Sunset’,musictoLanier’s`EveningSong’。
NewYork:G。Schirmer,1877。
Buckham,J。:`AnAccountoftheHopkinsMemorialMeetingofFebruary3,1888’,`LiteraryWorld’(Boston)19。56-57,February18,1888。
Burton,R。E。:`AnAccountoftheHopkinsMemorialMeetingofFebruary3,1888’,`TheCritic’(NewYork),9。63-64,February11,1888;
alsoinGilman’s`MemorialofSidneyLanier’,pp。47-50。
Burton,RichardE。:`LanierBibliography’,inGilman’s`MemorialofSidneyLanier’(Baltimore,1888),pp。51-56。
Calvert,G。H。:`TheGoldenAge’,June12,1875。
Carmichael,Mary:`AMaySong’,musictoLanier’s`SongfortheJacquerie’。
London:Stanley,Lucas,Weber&Co。,1889。
CenturyMagazine(NewYork):1。475,January,1882:`Boy’sMabinogion’。
Chamberlain,D。H。:`TheNewEnglander’(NewHaven,Conn。)44。227-238,March,1885。
Coleman,C。W。,Jr。:`HomesofSomeSouthernAuthorsIV。’,`TheChautauquan’(Meadville,Pa。)8。343-344。
Critic,The(NewYork):3。3-4,January3,1885:`Poems’;
9。97,February28,1888:`ProfessorJ。H。Gilmore’sLectureonLanier’;
9。224,May5,1888;9。245,May19,1888;15。130,March7,1891;
16。197,October17,1891:`Poems’(ed。of1891);20。95,August5,1893:
`ProfessorW。D。McClintock’sLectureonLanier’。
Cummings,MissM。A。:`CatholicMirror’(Baltimore),May7,1892。
Dewey,T。E。:`AddressbeforetheKansasAcademyofLanguageandLiterature’,atBakerUniversity,Baldwin,April7,1892,34pp。
Dial,The(Chicago):2。182-3,December,1881:`Boy’sMabinogion’;
3。176,December,1882:`Boy’sPercy’;4。40,June,1883。
Fiske,John:see`Wilson,J。G。’
Gates,M。E。:`SidneyLanier’sMoralEarnestness’,`TheCritic’3。227,May9,1885,asquotedfromtheRutgersCollege`Targum’。
Gates,M。E。:`PresbyterianReview’(NewYork),8。669-701,October,1887;
alsoinpamphletform;summarizedinSladen’s`YoungerAmericanPoets’
(pp。635-644)。
Gates,M。E。:`OntheEthicalInfluenceofLanier’,inGilman’s`Memorial’,pp。31-36。
Gilder,R。W。:`LettertoPresidentGilman’,inlatter’s`Memorial’,pp。27-29。
Gilman,D。C。:`OurContinent’(Chicago),February,1882。
Gilman,D。C。(ed。):`AMemorialofSidneyLanier’(Baltimore,1888),52pp。
Gilman,D。C。:`LetterattheUnveilingofaBustofthePoetatMacon,Ga。’,October17,1890,in`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’ofOctober19,1890。
Gosse,Edmund:`QuestionsatIssue’,London,1893,pp。78-81。
Hankins,V。W。:`SouthernBivouac’(Louisville,Ky。),2。760-61,May,1887。
Harper’sMagazine(NewYork):54。617,March,1877:`Poems’(1877ed。);
60。474,February,1880:`Boy’sFroissart’;61。796-97,October,1880:
`ScienceofEnglishVerse’;62。315,January,1881:`Boy’sKingArthur’;
64。316,January,1882:`Boy’sMabinogion’;66。316,January,1883:
`Boy’sPercy’;67。798-99,October,1883:`TheEnglishNovel’。
Harris,JoelChandler:`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’
ofSeptember12,1881。
Harris,J。C。:`LetteratUnveilingofaBustofthePoetatMacon,Ga。’,October17,1890,`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’ofOctober19,1890。
Hawthorne(J。)andLemmon(L。):`AmericanLiterature’,Boston,1893,pp。276-77。
Hayne,PaulH。:`APoet’sLetterstoaFriend’,`TheCritic’5。77-78,89-90,February13,20,1886。
Higginson,T。W。:`TheChautauquan’(Meadville,Pa。)7。416-418,April,1887。
Higginson,T。W。:`WomenandMen’,Boston,1888,chap。58。
Hill,Mrs。K。:`Marie’,musictoLanier’s`SongfortheJacquerie’,Riga,P。Neldner,1891。
Hill,W。B。:`AddressinPresentingBustofthePoettoCityofMacon,Ga。’,`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’ofOctober19,1890。
Hubner,Chas。W。:`TheAmerican’,Atlanta,Ga。,November29,1888。
Kent,C。W。:`AStudyofLanier’sPoems,inPublicationsoftheModernLanguageAssociation’(Baltimore)7:2。33-63,April-June,1892。
Kirk,J。F。:`ASupplementtoAllibone’sDictionaryofEnglishLiterature’
(Philadelphia),1891,vol。ii。,973,hasabriefsketchofLanier。
Kirkus,Wm。:`AmericanLiteraryChurchman’,October,1881。
Lanier,Charles:`LetteratUnveilingofPoet’sBustatMacon,Ga。’,October17,1890,`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’ofOctober19,1890。
Lanier,Clifford:`LetteratUnveilingofPoet’sBustatMacon,Ga。’,October17,1890,`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’ofOctober19,1890。
Lawrence,W。M。:seeunder`V’。
Lemmon,L。:see`Hawthorne’。
Lind,W。Murdoch:`SidneyLanier’sLibrary’,`TheDailyNews’(Baltimore),July24,1892。
Link,S。A。:`NewEnglandMagazine’(Boston)10。14-19,March,1894。
LiteraryWorld,The(Boston):6。116,January,1876:`Florida’;
7。103,December,1876:`Poems’(Lippincotted。);11。227,July3,1880:
`ScienceofEnglishVerse’;11。441,December4,1880:`Boy’sKingArthur’;
12。215,June18,1881:`Florida’;12。449,December3,1881:
`Boy’sMabinogion’;14。204-205,June30,1883:`EnglishNovel’;
16。40-41,February7,1885:`Poems’;16。350-352,April10,1885:`Poems’。
Lowell,JamesRussell:`LettertoPresidentGilman’inlatter’s`Memorial’,p。25。
Macmechan,A。:`TheVarsity’(Toronto),March3,1888。
Marble,E。:`CottageHearth’(Boston),4。141-142,June,1877。
Morris,H。S。:`ThePoetryofS。L。’,`TheAmerican’(Philadelphia),No。393,pp。284-285,February18,1888。
Nation,The(NewYork):31。310-311,October28,1880:
`ScienceofEnglishVerse’;33。216,September15,1881;
33。994,November17,1881;35。468,November30,1882:`Boy’sPercy’;
37。38,July12,1883:`EnglishNovel’;39。528,December18,1884:`Poems’;
46。51-52,February9,1888;53。297,October15,1891:`Poems’(1891ed。)。
Newell,A。C。:`Lanier’sLifeatOglethorpeCollege’,`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’ofFebruary27,1894。
NewEnglander(NewHaven,Conn。):39。566,July,1880:
`ScienceofEnglishVerse’。
Penn,A。:`S。L。ontheEnglishNovel’,`CenturyMagazine’,5。957-958,April,1884。
Pitts,W。A。:`WoffordCollegeJournal’(Spartanburg,S。C。)4。307-312,June,1893。
Poet-lore(Philadelphia):2。303,1890;3。369,1891。
Putnam,S。A。Brock:`ThePoetryofAmerica’,NewYork,1894,hasashortSketchofLanier。
Richardson,CharlesF。:`AmericanLiterature’(1607-1885),2vols。,NewYork,1889-1891;vol。2。231-2,242,398。
Roberts,Chas。G。D。:`St。John(N。B。)Globe’,April25,1885。
Roberts,Chas。G。D。(ed。):`PoemsofWildLife’,London,1888,hasashortsketchofLanier。
Roberts,C。G。D。:`LetteratUnveilingofPoet’sBustatMacon,Ga。’,October17,1890,`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’ofOctober19,1890。
Rutherford,Mildred:`AmericanAuthors’,Atlanta,Ga。,1894,pp。368-375。
Scott,W。J。:`QuarterlyReviewofM。E。Church,South’(Nashville),NewSeries,5。157-171,October,1888。
Scribner’sMonthly(NewYork):20。473-4,July,1880:
`ScienceofEnglishVerse’;21。322,December,1880:`Boy’sKingArthur’。
Semple,PattyB。:`SouthernBivouac’(Louisville)2。661-7,April,1887。
Sladen,Douglas:`SomeYoungerAmericanPoetsI。’,`TheIndependent’
(NewYork)42。806,June12,1890。
Sladen,Douglas:`YoungerAmericanPoets’,NewYork,1891,pp。xxvi-xxviii,635-655:aslightlyexpandedformofthepreceding。
See,too,`Gates’and`Turnbull’。
Sladen,Douglas:`TheAmericanRossetti’,`LiteraryWorld’(London),pp。378-9,November17,1893。
Smyth,A。H。:`AmericanLiterature’,Philadelphia,1889,p。132。
Spann,Minnie:`SidneyLanier’sYouth,S。L。’sManhood’,`TheIndependent’(NewYork)46。800,821-2,June21,28,1894。
Spectator,The(London):65。828-9,December6,1890。
Stedman,E。C。:`LettertoPresidentGilman’,pp。12-14ofBrowne’s`MemorialAddress’。
Stedman,E。C。:`TheCritic’(NewYork),1。298,1881。
Stedman,E。C。:`PoetsofAmerica’,Boston,1885,pp。449-451。
Stedman,E。C。:`LettertoPresidentGilman’inlatter’s`Memorial’,pp。25-27。
Stedman(E。C。)andHutchinson(EllenM。):`LibraryofAmericanLiterature’
(NewYork,1891),vol。xi。,542,givesbriefsketchesofSidneyandCliffordLanier。
Stoddard,F。H。:`ReviewofTheEnglishNovel’,`NewEnglander’
(NewHaven,Conn。)43。97-104,January,1884。
Tabb,J。B。:`SidneyLanier’sLastLines’,`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’
ofOctober19,1890。
Tait,JohnR。:`Lippincott’sMagazine’(Phila。)40。723-724,November,1887。
Taylor,Bayard:`TheTribune’(NewYork),1876。
Taylor(M。H。)andScudder’s`LifeandLettersofBayardTaylor’,vol。2。669-723,hasseverallettersfromB。T。toS。L。
Thayer,W。R。:`TheIndependent’(NewYork),1883;March,1884;
June12,1884;December18,1884;1886:`Stedman’sPoetsofAmerica’。
Thayer,W。R。:`TheAmerican’(Phila。)December20,1884;February18,1888。
Thayer,W。R。(ed。):`LettersofSidneyLanier’[toMr。andMrs。
GibsonPeacock],`TheAtlanticMonthly’(Boston)74。14-28,181-193,JulyandAugust,1894。
Tolman,A。H。:`Lanier’sScienceofEnglishVerse’,inGilman’s`Memorial’,pp。37-45。
Travelers’Record,The(Hartford,Conn。):October,1885:
`OwlagainstRobin’。
Turnbull,Mrs。Lawrence:`TheCatholicMan:AStudy’,Boston,1890,gives,inPaul,thepoet,animaginativestudyofthecharacterofMr。Lanier,withwhomtheauthorwasintimatelyacquaintedandtowhomshewasdevoted。
Turnbull,FranceseL。(=Mrs。LawrenceT。):`SidneyLanier:AStudy’,inSladen’s`YoungerAmericanPoets’,NewYork,1891,pp。645-655。
Urban,Francis:MusictoLanier’s`ABalladofTreesandtheMaster’。
Baltimore:OttoSutro&Co。,1886。
VonSturmer,H。H。:`ASoldier-poet’,`Excelsior’(Barbados)1。233-236,October,1890。
Walker,Geo。W。:`QuarterlyReviewofM。E。Church,South’(Macon,Ga。)
7。193-206,April,1885。
Ward,Wm。Hayes:`SidneyLanieronMoralPurposeinArt’,`TheIndependent’(NewYork),May3,1883。
Ward,Wm。Hayes:`SidneyLanier,Poet’,`CenturyMagazine’5。816-821,April,1884。
Ward,Wm。Hayes:`Memorial’,prefixedto`PoemsofSidneyLanier’,editedbyhiswife,pp。xi-xl。
Warner,CharlesDudley:`LetteratUnveilingofPoet’sBustatMacon,Ga。’,October17,1890,`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’ofOctober19,1890。
Washington,HughV。:`AddressonAcceptingtheBustofLanierfortheCityofMacon,Ga。’,October17,1890,`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’
ofOctober19,1890。
West,CharlesN。:`AddressbeforetheGeorgiaHistoricalSociety’,Savannah,December5,1887,25pp。
Wilkinson,W。C。:`TheIndependent’(NewYork),September,1886。
Wilson,Heileman:`Fetter’sSouthernMagazine’(Louisville,Ky。)2。11-15,February,1893。
Wilson(J。G。)andFiske(J。),eds。:`Appleton’sCyclopaediaofAmericanBiography’,NewYork,1888,vol。iii。,613,hasbriefsketchesofS。andC。Lanier。
Wray,J。E。:`SongoftheChattahoochee’,`QuarterlyReviewofM。E。Church,South’(Nashville),NewSeries,16。157-163,April,1894。
VII。PoeticalTributesAndrews,MaudeAnnulet:`LiteraryWorld’(Boston)18。184,June11,1887。
Barbe,Waiteman:inhis`AshesandIncense’,Philadelphia,1892。
Burroughs,Ellen:`LiteraryWorld’(Boston)21。40,February1,1890。
Burton,RichardE。:Gilman’s`Memorial’,p。12。
Clark,SimeonTupper:`TheBuffalo(N。Y。)Courier’,November,1881。
Colquitt,MelR。:`ThePeriod’,Atlanta,Ga。
Cowdin,JasperBarnett:`HopesetandSunrise’,`SouthernBivouac’
(Louisville,Ky。)1。614-615,March,1886。
Cummings,James:Gilman’s`Memorial’,pp。13-17。
Dandridge,Danske:inher`JoyandOtherPoems’,NewYorkandLondon,1888。
Easter,MargueriteE。:inher`ClytieandOtherPoems’,Boston,1891。
Edwards,HarryS。:`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’ofOctober19,1890。
Garland,Hamlin:`SouthernBivouac’(Louisville,Ky。)2。759,May,1887。
Gates,Mrs。MerrillE。:`HomeJournal’(NewYork),April16,1890。
Hayne,PaulHamilton:`ThePoleofDeath’,in`Poems’(Boston,1882),p。322。
Hayne,Wm。H。:`PoemfortheUnveilingoftheBustofS。L。atMacon,Ga。,October17,1890’,`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’ofOctober19,1890;
`SidneyLanier’,inhis`SylvanLyricsandOtherVerses’(NewYork),1893。
Hubner,CharlesW。:`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’ofSeptember12,1881。
Lanier,Clifford:`Acknowledgment,ToallwholoveS。L。’,`TheIndependent’(NewYork),April9,1885。
Reese,LizetteWoodworth:`SouthernBivouac’(Louisville,Ky。)2。488,January,1887;`WithaCopyofLanier’sPoems’,`TheIndependent’(NewYork)
44。322,March3,1892。
Roberts,CharlesG。D。:`TotheMemoryofS。L。’,inhis`InDiversTones’,Boston,1886,pp。95-96;`OnReadingthePoemsofS。L。’,ib。,p。97;
`ForaBustofL。’,`TheIndependent’(NewYork)43。625,April30,1891。
Scollard,Clinton:`LiteraryWorld’(Boston),vol。18,May14,1886。
Tabb,JohnB。:`ToSidneyLanier’,inGilman’s`Memorial’,p。11;
`SidneyLanier’,`TheAtlanta(Ga。)Constitution’ofOctober19,1890;
`GreetingtoS。L。’,in`TheTimes-Democrat’(NewOrleans)ofDecember,1891,andquotedbySpannin`TheIndependent’(NewYork)46。822,June28,1894。
Thomas,EdithM。:Gilman’s`Memorial’,pp。22-23。
Turnbull,FranceseE。:Gilman’s`Memorial’,pp。18-21。