INTRODUCTIONBYHENRYMORLEY。
ThisisthebookwhichfixedthenameandcharacterofJohnBullontheEnglishpeople。Thoughinonepartofthestoryheisthinandlongnosed，asaresultoftrouble，generallyheissuggestedtousas"ruddyandplump，withapairofcheekslikeatrumpeter，"anhonesttradesman，simpleandstraightforward，easilycheated;butwhenhetakeshisaffairsintohisownhands，actingwithgoodplainsense，knowingverywellwhathewantsdone，anddoingit。
Thebookwasbegunintheyear1712，andpublishedinfoursuccessivegroupsofchaptersthatdealtplayfully，fromtheTorypointofview，withpublicaffairsleadinguptothePeaceofUtrecht。ThePeaceurgedandmadebytheTorieswasintheselightpapersrecommendedtothepublic。Thelasttouchesintheparablerefertothebeginningoftheyear1713，whentheDukeofOrmondseparatedhistroopsfromthoseoftheAlliesandwenttoreceiveDunkirkasthestipulatedconditionofcessationofarms。AfterthewithdrawaloftheBritishtroops，PrinceEugenewasdefeatedbyMarshalVillarsatDenain，andotherreversesfollowed。ThePeaceofUtrechtwassignedonthe31stofMarch。
Somechaptersinthisbookdealinlikemanner，fromthepointofviewofagood-naturedToryofQueenAnne’stime，withthefeudsofthedaybetweenChurchandDissent。Otherchaptersunitewiththistopicaplayfulaccountofanotherchiefpoliticaleventofthetime——thenegotiationleadingtotheActofUnionbetweenEnglandandScotland，whichreceivedtheRoyalAssentonthe6thofMarch，17O7;JohnBullthenconsentedtoreceivehis"SisterPeg"intohishouse。TheChurch，ofcourse，isJohnBull’smother;hisfirstwifeisaWhigParliament，hissecondwifeaToryParliament，whichfirstmetinNovember，171O。
This"HistoryofJohnBull"beganwiththefirstofitsfourpartsentitled"LawisaBottomlessPit，exemplifiedinthecaseofLordStrutt，JohnBull，NicholasFrog，andLewisBaboon，whospentalltheyhadinaLaw-suit。"ForLawputWar——theWaroftheSpanishSuccession;forlawyers，soldiers;forsessions，campaigns;forverdicts，battleswon;forHumphryHocustheattorney，Marlboroughthegeneral;forlawexpenses，warexpenses;andforaimofthewhole，toaidtheTorypolicyofpeacewithFrance。Asecondpartfollowed，entitled"JohnBullinhisSenses;"thethirdpartwascalled"JohnBullstillinhisSenses;"andthefourthpart，"LewisBaboonturnedHonest，andJohnBullPolitician。"Thefourpartswereafterwardsarrangedintotwo，astheyareherereprinted，andpublishedtogetheras"TheHistoryofJohnBull，"withafewnotesbytheauthorwhichsufficientlyexplainitsdrift。
TheauthorwasJohnArbuthnot，aphysician，familiarfriendofPopeandSwift，whomPopeaddressedas"Friendtomylife，whichdidnotyouprolong，Theworldhadwantedmanyanidlesong;"
andofwhomSwiftsaid，that"hehasmorewitthanweallhave，andhishumanityisequaltohiswit。""IftherewereadozenArbuthnotsintheworld，"saidSwift，"Iwouldburn’Gulliver’sTravels。’"
ArbuthnotwasofSwift’sage，bornin1667，sonofaScotchEpiscopalclergyman，wholosthislivingattheRevolution。Hissons——alltrainedinHighChurchprinciples——leftScotlandtoseektheirfortunes;JohncametoLondonandtaughtmathematics。HetookhisdegreeofDoctorofMedicineatSt。Andrewsin1696;founduseformathematicsinhisstudiesofmedicine;becameaFellowoftheRoyalSociety;andbeingbychanceatEpsomwhenQueenAnne’shusbandwastakenill，prescribedforhimsosuccessfullythathewasmadein1705PhysicianExtraordinary，andupontheoccurrenceofavacancyin17O9PhysicianinOrdinary，totheQueen。Swiftcallshimherfavouritephysician。In171OhewasadmittedFellowoftheRoyalCollegeofPhysicians。ThatwasArbuthnot’spositionin1712-13when，attheageofforty-five，hewrotethis"HistoryofJohnBull。"HewaspersonalfriendoftheMinisterswhosepolicyhesupported，andespeciallyofHarley，EarlofOxford，theSirRogeroftheHistory。
AfterQueenAnne’sdeath，andthecomingoftheWhigstopower，ArbuthnotlosthisofficeatCourt。Buthewasthefriendandphysicianofallthewits;himselfwithoutliteraryambition，allowingfriendstomakewhatalterationstheypleasedinpiecesthathewrote，orhischildrentomakekitesofthem。Acoupleofyearsbeforehisdeathhesuffereddeeplyfromthelossoftheelderofhistwosons。Hewashimselfafflictedthenwithstone，andretiredtoHampsteadtodie。"Arecovery，"hewrotetoSwift，"isinmycaseandinmyageimpossible;thekindestwishofmyfriendsiseuthanasia。"Hediedin1735。
AUTHOR’SPREFACE。
WhenIwasfirstcalledtotheofficeofhistoriographertoJohnBull，heexpressedhimselftothispurpose：——"SirHumphreyPolesworth，*Iknowyouareaplaindealer;itisforthatreasonI
havechosenyouforthisimportanttrust;speakthetruthandsparenot。"ThatImightfulfilthosehishonourableintentions，I
obtainedleavetorepairto，andattendhiminhismostsecretretirements;andIputthejournalsofalltransactionsintoastrongbox，tobeopenedatafittingoccasion，afterthemannerofthehistoriographersofsomeeasternmonarchs：thisIthoughtwasthesafestway;thoughIdeclareIwasneverafraidtobechopped**
bymymasterfortellingoftruth。Itisfromthosejournalsthatmymemoirsarecompiled：thereforeletnotposterityathousandyearshencelookfortruthinthevoluminousannalsofpedants，whoareentirelyignorantofthesecretspringsofgreatactions;iftheydo，letmetellthemtheywillbenebused。***
*AMemberofParliament，eminentforacertaincantinhisconversation，ofwhichthereisagooddealinthisbook。
**AcantwordofSirHumphrey’s。
***Anothercantword，signifyingdeceived。
WithincrediblepainshaveIendeavouredtocopytheseveralbeautiesoftheancientandmodernhistorians;theimpartialtemperofHerodotus，thegravity，austerity，andstrictmoralsofThucydides，theextensiveknowledgeofXenophon，thesublimityandgrandeurofTitusLivius;andtoavoidthecarelessstyleofPolybius，IhaveborrowedconsiderableornamentsfromDionysiusHalicarnasseus，andDiodorusSiculus。ThespeciousgildingofTacitusIhaveendeavouredtoshun。Mariana，Davila，andFra。
Paulo，arethoseamongstthemodernswhomIthoughtmostworthyofimitation;butIcannotbesodisingenuous，asnottoowntheinfiniteobligationsIhavetothe"Pilgrim’sProgress"ofJohnBunyan，andthe"TenterBelly"oftheReverendJosephHall。
Fromsuchencouragementandhelps，itiseasytoguesstowhatadegreeofperfectionImighthavebroughtthisgreatwork，haditnotbeennippedinthebudbysomeilliteratepeopleinbothHousesofParliament，whoenvyingthegreatfigureIwastomakeinfutureages，underpretenceofraisingmoneyforthewar，*havepadlockedallthoseverypensthatweretocelebratetheactionsoftheirheroes，bysilencingatoncethewholeuniversityofGrubStreet。I
ampersuadedthatnothingbuttheprospectofanapproachingpeacecouldhaveencouragedthemtomakesoboldastep。Butsufferme，inthenameoftherestofthematriculatesofthatfamousuniversity，toaskthemsomeplainquestions：Dotheythinkthatpeacewillbringalongwithitthegoldenage？Willtherebeneveradyingspeechofatraitor？AreCethegusandCatilineturnedsotame，thattherewillbenoopportunitytocryaboutthestreets，"A
DangerousPlot？"Willpeacebringsuchplentythatnogentlemanwillhaveoccasiontogouponthehighway，orbreakintoahouse？I
amsorrythattheworldshouldbesomuchimposeduponbythedreamsofafalseprophet，astoimaginetheMillenniumisathand。OGrubStreet！thoufruitfulnurseryoftoweringgeniuses！HowdoIlamentthydownfall？ThyruincouldneverbemeditatedbyanywhomeantwelltoEnglishliberty。Nomodernlyceumwilleverequalthyglory：whetherinsoftpastoralsthoudidstsingtheflamesofpamperedapprenticesandcoycookmaids;ormournfuldittiesofdepartinglovers;oriftoMaeonianstrainsthouraisedstthyvoice，torecordthestratagems，thearduousexploits，andthenocturnalscaladeofneedyheroes，theterrorofyourpeacefulcitizens，describingthepowerfulBettyortheartfulPicklock，orthesecretcavernsandgrottoesofVulcansweatingathisforge，andstampingthequeen’simageonvilermetalswhichheretailsforbeefandpotsofale;orifthouwertcontentinsimplenarrative，torelatethecruelactsofimplacablerevenge，orthecomplaintofravishedvirginsblushingtotelltheiradventuresbeforethelisteningcrowdofcitydamsels，whilstinthyfaithfulhistorythouintermingledstthegravestcounselsandthepurestmorals。Norlessacuteandpiercingwertthouinthysearchandpompousdescriptionsoftheworksofnature;whetherinproperandemphatictermsthoudidstpainttheblazingcomet’sfierytail，thestupendousforceofdreadfulthunderandearthquakes，andtheunrelentinginundations。
Sometimes，withMachiaveliansagacity，thouunravelledstintriguesofstate，andthetraitorousconspiraciesofrebels，givingwisecounseltomonarchs。HowdidstthoumoveourterrorandourpitywiththypassionatescenesbetweenJackCatchandtheheroesoftheOldBailey？HowdidstthoudescribetheirintrepidmarchupHolbornHill？Nordidstthoushinelessinthytheologicalcapacity，whenthougavestghostlycounselstodyingfelons，anddidstrecordtheguiltypangsofSabbathbreakers。HowwillthenobleartsofJohnOverton’s**paintingandsculpturenowlanguish？whererichinvention，properexpression，correctdesign，divineattitudes，andartfulcontrast，heightenedwiththebeautiesofClar。Obscur。，embellishedthycelebratedpieces，tothedelightandastonishmentofthejudiciousmultitude！Adieu，persuasiveeloquence！thequaintmetaphor，thepoignantirony，theproperepithet，andthelivelysimile，arefledforever！Insteadofthese，weshallhave，Iknownotwhat！Theilliteratewilltelltherestwithpleasure。
*Actrestrainingthelibertyofthepress，etc。
**TheengraverofthecutsbeforetheGrubStreetpapers。
Ihopethereaderwillexcusethisdigression，duebywayofcondolencetomyworthybrethrenofGrubStreet，fortheapproachingbarbaritythatislikelytooverspreadallitsregionsbythisoppressiveandexorbitanttax。Ithasbeenmygoodfortunetoreceivemyeducationthere;andsolongasIpreservedsomefigureandrankamongstthelearnedofthatsociety，IscornedtotakemydegreeeitheratUtrechtorLeyden，thoughIwasoffereditgratisbytheprofessorsinthoseuniversities。
Andnowthatposteritymaynotbeignorantinwhatagesoexcellentahistorywaswritten（whichwouldotherwise，nodoubt，bethesubjectofitsinquiries），Ithinkitpropertoinformthelearnedoffuturetimes，thatitwascompiledwhenLouisXIV。wasKingofFrance，andPhiliphisgrandsonofSpain;whenEnglandandHolland，inconjunctionwiththeEmperorandtheAllies，enteredintoawaragainstthesetwoprinces，whichlastedtenyears，underthemanagementoftheDukeofMarlborough，andwasputtoaconclusionbytheTreatyofUtrecht，undertheministryoftheEarlofOxford，intheyear1713。
ManyatthattimedidimaginethehistoryofJohnBull，andthepersonagesmentionedinit，tobeallegorical，whichtheauthorwouldneverown。Notwithstanding，toindulgethereader’sfancyandcuriosity，Ihaveprintedatthebottomofthepagethesupposedallusionsofthemostobscurepartsofthestory。
THEHISTORYOFJOHNBULL。
CHAPTERI。TheOccasionoftheLawSuit。
IneednottellyouofthegreatquarrelsthathavehappenedinourneighbourhoodsincethedeathofthelateLordStrutt;*howtheparson**andacunningattorneygothimtosettlehisestateuponhiscousinPhilipBaboon，tothegreatdisappointmentofhiscousinEsquireSouth。Somesticknottosaythattheparsonandtheattorneyforgedawill;forwhichtheywerewellpaidbythefamilyoftheBaboons。Letthatbeasitwill，itismatteroffactthatthehonourandestatehavecontinuedeversinceinthepersonofPhilipBaboon。
*LateKingofSpain。
**CardinalPortocarero。
YouknowthattheLordStruttshaveformanyyearsbeenpossessedofaverygreatlandedestate，wellconditioned，wooded，watered，withcoal，salt，tin，copper，iron，etc。，allwithinthemselves;thatithasbeenthemisfortuneofthatfamilytobethepropertyoftheirstewards，tradesmen，andinferiorservants，whichhasbroughtgreatincumbrancesuponthem;atthesametime，theirnotabatingoftheirexpensivewayoflivinghasforcedthemtomortgagetheirbestmanors。Itiscrediblyreportedthatthebutcher’sandbaker’sbillofaLordStruttthatlivedtwohundredyearsagoarenotyetpaid。
WhenPhilipBabooncamefirsttothepossessionoftheLordStrutt’sestate，histradesmen，*asisusualuponsuchoccasions，waiteduponhimtowishhimjoyandbespeakhiscustom。ThetwochiefwereJohnBull，**theclothier，andNic。Frog，***thelinendraper。TheytoldhimthattheBullsandFrogshadservedtheLordStruttswithdraperywareformanyyears;thattheywerehonestandfairdealers;
thattheirbillshadneverbeenquestioned;thattheLordStruttslivedgenerously，andneverusedtodirtytheirfingerswithpen，ink，andcounters;thathislordshipmightdependupontheirhonestythattheywouldusehimaskindlyastheyhaddonehispredecessors。
Theyounglordseemedtotakeallingoodpart，anddismissedthemwithadealofseemingcontent，assuringthemhedidnotintendtochangeanyofthehonourablemaximsofhispredecessors。
*ThefirstlettersofcongratulationfromKingWilliamandtheStatesofHollanduponKingPhilip’saccessiontothecrownofSpain。
**TheEnglish。
***TheDutch。
CHAPTERII。HowBullandFroggrewjealousthattheLordStruttintendedtogiveallhiscustomtohisgrandfatherLewisBaboon。
Ithappenedunfortunatelyforthepeaceofourneighbourhoodthatthisyounglordhadanoldcunningrogue，or，astheScotscallit，afalseloonofagrandfather，thatonemightjustlycallaJack-
of-all-Trades。*Sometimesyouwouldseehimbehindhiscountersellingbroadcloth，sometimesmeasuringlinen;nextdayhewouldbedealinginmerceryware。Highheads，ribbons，gloves，fans，andlaceheunderstoodtoanicety。CharlesMathercouldnotbubbleayoungbeaubetterwithatoy;nay，hewoulddescendeventothesellingoftape，garters，andshoe-buckles。Whenshopwasshutuphewouldgoabouttheneighbourhoodandearnhalf-a-crownbyteachingtheyoungmenandmaidstodance。Bythesemethodshehadacquiredimmenseriches，whichheusedtosquander*awayatback-sword，quarter-staff，andcudgel-play，inwhichhetookgreatpleasure，andchallengedallthecountry。YouwillsayitisnowonderifBullandFrogshouldbejealousofthisfellow。"Itisnotimpossible，"
saysFrogtoBull，"butthisoldroguewilltakethemanagementoftheyounglord’sbusinessintohishands;besides，therascalhasgoodware，andwillservehimascheapasanybody。Inthatcase，I
leaveyoutojudgewhatmustbecomeofusandourfamilies;wemuststarve，orturnjourneymantooldLewisBaboon。Therefore，neighbour，IholditadvisablethatwewritetoyoungLordStrutttoknowthebottomofthismatter。"
*ThecharacterandtradeoftheFrenchnation。
**TheKing’sdispositiontowar。
CHAPTERIII。ACopyofBullandFrog’sLettertoLordStrutt。
MyLord，——IsupposeyourlordshipknowsthattheBullsandtheFrogshaveservedtheLordStruttswithallsortsofdraperywaretimeoutofmind。Andwhereaswearejealous，notwithoutreason，thatyourlordshipintendshenceforthtobuyofyourgrandsireoldLewisBaboon，thisistoinformyourlordshipthatthisproceedingdoesnotsuitwiththecircumstancesofourfamilies，whohavelivedandmadeagoodfigureintheworldbythegenerosityoftheLordStrutts。Thereforewethinkfittoacquaintyourlordshipthatyoumustfindsufficientsecuritytous，ourheirs，andassignsthatyouwillnotemployLewisBaboon，orelsewewilltakeourremedyatlaw，clapanactionuponyouof2O，OOOpoundsforolddebts，seizeanddistrainyourgoodsandchattels，which，consideringyourlordship’scircumstances，willplungeyouintodifficulties，fromwhichitwillnotbeeasytoextricateyourself。Thereforewehope，whenyourlordshiphasbetterconsideredonit，youwillcomplywiththedesireofYourlovingfriends，JOHNBULL，NIC。FROG。
SomeofBull’sfriendsadvisedhimtotakegentlermethodswiththeyounglord，butJohnnaturallylovedroughplay。ItisimpossibletoexpressthesurpriseoftheLordStruttuponthereceiptofthisletter。Hewasnotflushinreadyeithertogotolaworclearolddebts，neithercouldhefindgoodbail。Heofferedtobringmatterstoafriendlyaccommodation，andpromised，uponhiswordofhonour，thathewouldnotchangehisdrapers;butalltonopurpose，forBullandFrogsawclearlythatoldLewiswouldhavethecheatingofhim。
CHAPTERIV。HowBullandFrogwenttolawwithLordStruttaboutthepremises，andwerejoinedbytherestofthetradesmen。
AllendeavoursofaccommodationbetweenLordStruttandhisdrapersprovedvain。Jealousiesincreased，and，indeed，itwasrumouredabroadthatLordStrutthadbespokehisnewliveriesofoldLewisBaboon。ThiscomingtoMrs。Bull’sears，whenJohnBullcamehome，hefoundallhisfamilyinanuproar。Mrs。Bull，youmustknow，wasveryapttobecholeric。"Yousot，"saysshe，"youloiteraboutalehousesandtaverns，spendyourtimeatbilliards，ninepins，orpuppet-shows，orflauntaboutthestreetsinyournewgiltchariot，nevermindingmenoryournumerousfamily。Don’tyouhearhowLordStrutthasbespokehisliveriesatLewisBaboon’sshop？Don’tyouseehowthatoldfoxstealsawayyourcustomers，andturnsyououtofyourbusinesseveryday，andyousitlikeanidledrone，withyourhandsinyourpockets？Fieuponit。Upman，rousethyself;
I’llselltomyshiftbeforeI’llbesousedbythatknave。"*YoumustthinkMrs。BullhadbeenprettywelltunedupbyFrog，whochimedinwithherlearnedharangue。Nofurtherdelaynow，buttocounsellearnedinthelawtheygo，whounanimouslyassuredthembothofjusticeandinfalliblesuccessoftheirlawsuit。
*ThesentimentsandaddressesoftheParliamentatthattime。
ItoldyoubeforethatoldLewisBaboonwasasortofaJack-of-all-trades，whichmadetherestofthetradesmenjealous，aswellasBullandFrog;theyhearingofthequarrel，weregladofanopportunityofjoiningagainstoldLewisBaboon，providedthatBullandFrogwouldbearthechargesofthesuit。EvenlyingNed，thechimney-sweeperofSavoy，andTom，thePortugaldustman，putintheirclaims，andthecausewasputintothehandsofHumphryHocus，theattorney。
Adeclarationwasdrawnuptoshow"ThatBullandFroghadundoubtedrightbyprescriptiontobedraperstotheLordStrutts;thattherewereseveraloldcontractstothatpurpose;thatLewisBaboonhadtakenupthetradeofclothieranddraperwithoutservinghistimeorpurchasinghisfreedom;thathesoldgoodsthatwerenotmarketablewithoutthestamp;thathehimselfwasmorefitforabullythanatradesman，andwentaboutthroughallthecountryfairschallengingpeopletofightprizes，wrestlingandcudgelplay，andabundancemoretothispurpose。"
CHAPTERV。Thetruecharacterso...剩余内容请长按扫描二维码或下载丁香书院APP继续免费看：
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