CantoFirst。
EachcantoisintroducedbyoneormoreSpenserianstanzas，[FN#5]
formingakindofpreludetoit。Thoseprefixedtothefirstcantoserveasanintroductiontothewholepoem，whichis"inspiredbythespiritoftheoldScottishminstrelsy。"
2。Witch—elm。Thebroad—leavedorwychelm（Ulmusmontana），indigenoustoScotland。Forkedbranchesofthetreewereusedintheoldentimeasdivining—rods，andridingswitchesfromitweresupposedtoinsuregoodluckonajourney。Intheclosingstanzasofthepoem（vi。846）itiscalledthe"wizardelm。"
Tennyson（InMemoriam，89）refersto"Witch—elmsthatcounterchangethefloorOfthisflatlawnwithduskandbright。"
SaintFillanwasaScotchabbotoftheseventhcenturywhobecamefamousasasaint。Hehadtwosprings，whichappeartobeconfoundedbysomeeditorsofthepoem。OnewasattheeasternendofLochEarn，wheretheprettymodernvillageofSt。Fillansnowstands，undertheshadowofDunFillan，orSt。Fillan’sHills，sixhundredfeethigh，onthetopofwhichthesaintusedtosayhisprayers，asthemarksofhiskneesintherockstilltestifytothecredulous。TheotherspringisatanothervillagecalledSt。Fillans，nearlythirtymilestothewestward，justoutsidethelimitsofourmap，ontheroadtoTyndrum。InthisHolyPool，asitiscalled，insanefolkweredippedwithcertainceremonies，andthenleftboundallnightintheopenair。Iftheywerefoundloosethenextmorning，theyweresupposedtohavebeencured。Thistreatmentwaspractisedaslateas1790，accordingtoPennant，whoaddsthatthepatientsweregenerallyfoundinthemorningrelievedoftheirtroubles——bydeath。
Anotherwriter，in1843，saysthatthepoolisstillvisited，notbypeopleofthevicinity，whohavenofaithinitsvirtue，butbythosefromdistantplaces。ScottalludestothisspringinMarmion，i。29：
"ThencetoSaintFillan’sblessedwell，Whosespringscanfrenzieddreamsdispel，Andthecrazedbrainrestore。"
3。Anddownthefitfulbreeze，etc。TheoriginalMS。reads：
"Andonthefitfulbreezethynumbersflung，Tillenviousivy，withherverdantring，Mantledandmuffledeachmelodiousstring，——
OWizardHarp，stillmustthineaccentssleep？"
10。Caledon。Caledonia，theRomannameofScotland。
14。Eachaccordingpause。Thatis，eachpauseinthesinging。
InMarmion，ii。11，accordingisusedofmusicthatfillstheintervalsofothermusic：
"Soonastheynearedhisturretsstrong，ThemaidensraisedSaintHilda’ssong，Andwiththesea—waveandthewindTheirvoices，sweetlyshrill，combined，Andmadeharmoniousclose；
Then，answeringfromthesandyshore，Half—drownedamidthebreakers’roar，Accordingchorusrose。"
TheMS。readshere：
"AteachaccordingpausethouspokestaloudThineardentsympathysublimeandhigh。"
28。Thestagatevehaddrunkhisfill。Themetreofthepoemproperisiambic，thatis，withtheaccentontheevensyllables，andoctosyllabic，oreightsyllablestotheline。
29。Monan’srill。St。MonanwasaScotchmartyrofthefourthcentury。Wecanfindnomentionofanyrillnamedforhim。
31。Glenartney。Avalleytothenorth—eastofCallander，withBenvoirlich（whichrisestotheheightof3180feet）onthenorth，andUam—Var（see53below）onthesouth，separatingitfromthevalleyoftheTeith。IttakesitsnamefromtheArtney，thestreamflowingthroughit。
32。Hisbeaconred。Thefigureisanappropriateoneindescribingthisregion，wherefiresonthehill—topsweresooftenusedassignalsintheoldentime。Cf。theLay，iii。379：
"Andsoonascoreoffires，Iween，Fromheight，andhill，andcliff，wereseen，Eachwithwarliketidingsfraught；
Eachfromeachthesignalcaught，"etc。
34。Deep—mouthed。Cf。Shakespeare，1Hen。VI。ii。4。12：
"Betweentwodogs，whichhaththedeepermouth；"andT。ofS。
ind。1。18："thedeep—mouthedbrach"（thatis，hound）。
TheMS。reads：
"Thebloodhound’snotesofheavybassResoundedhoarselyupthepass。"
35。Resounded……rocky。Thepoetoftenavailshimselfof"aptalliteration’sartfulaid，"ashere，andinthenexttwolines；
mostfrequentlyinpairsofwords。
38。AsChief，etc。Notehere，asoften，thesimileputBEFORE
thatwhichitillustrates，——aneffectiverhetorical，thoughnotthelogical，arrangement。
45。Beamedfrontlet。Antleredforehead。
46。Adown。Aninstanceofapurelypoeticalword，notadmissibleinprose。
49。Chase。Hereputforthoseengagedinthechase；asin101
and171，below。OneofitsregularmeaningsistheOBJECTofthechase，ortheanimalpursued。
53。Uam—Var。"Ua—Var，asthenameispronounced，ormoreproperlyUaigh—mor，isamountaintothenorth—eastofthevillageofCallander，inMenteith，derivingitsname，whichsignifiesthegreatden，orcavern，fromasortofretreatamongtherocksonthesouthside，said，bytradition，tohavebeentheabodeofagiant。Inlattertimes，itwastherefugeofrobbersandbanditti，whohavebeenonlyextirpatedwithinthesefortyorfiftyyears。Strictlyspeaking，thisstrongholdisnotacave，asthenamewouldimply，butasortofsmallenclosure，orrecess，surroundedwithlargerocksandopenabovehead。Itmayhavebeenoriginallydesignedasatoilfordeer，whomightgetinfromtheoutside，butwouldfinditdifficulttoreturn。Thisopinionprevailsamongtheoldsportsmenanddeer—stalkersintheneighborhood"（Scott）。
54。Yelled。Notetheemphaticforceoftheinversion，asin59
below。Cf。38above。
Opening。Thatis，barkingonvieworscentofthegame；ahuntingterm。Cf。Shakespeare，M。W。iv。2。209："IfIbarkoutthusuponnotrailnevertrustmewhenIopenagain。"
Thedescriptionoftheechowhichfollowsisveryspirited。
66。Cairn。Literally，aheapofstones；hereputpoeticallyfortherockypointwhichthefalcontakesasalook—out。
69。Hurricane。Ametaphorforthewildrushofthehunt。
71。Linn。Literally，adeeppool；butoften=cataract，asinBracklinn，ii。270below（cf。vi。488），andsometimes=
precipice。
73。Onthelonewood。Notethemusicalvariationinthemeasurehere；the1st，3d，and4thsyllablesbeingaccentedinsteadofthe2dand4th。Itisoccasionallyintroducedintoiambicmetrewithadmirableeffect。Cf。85and97below。
76。Thecavern，etc。Seeon53above。
80。Perforce。Apoeticalword。Seeon46above。
84。Shrewdly。Severely，keenly；asensenowobsolete。Shrewdoriginallymeantevil，mischievous。Cf。Shakespeare，A。Y。L。v。
4。179，whereitissaidthatthose"Thathaveendur’dshrewddaysandnightswithusShallsharethegoodofourreturnedfortune。"
InChaucer（TaleofMelibocus）wefind，"Theprophetesaith：Fleeshrewdnesse，anddogoodnesse"（referringtoPs。xxxiv。14）。
89。Menteith。ThedistrictinthesouthwesternpartofPerthshire，wateredbytheTeith。
91。Mountainandmeadow，etc。Seeon35above。MossisusedintheNorth—of—Englandsenseofaboggyorpeatydistrict，likethefamousChatMossbetweenLiverpoolandManchester。
93。Lochard。LochArdisabeautifullakelet，aboutfivemilessouthofLochKatrine。OnitseasternsideisthesceneofHelenMacgregor’sskirmishwiththeKing’stroopsinRobRoy；andnearitshead，onthenorthernside，isawaterfall，whichistheoriginalofFloraMacIvor’sfavoriteretreatinWaverley。
Aberfoyleisavillageaboutamileandahalftotheeastofthelake。
95。LochAchray。AlakebetweenLochKatrineandLochVennachar，lyingjustbeyondthepassoftheTrosachs。
97。Benvenue。Amountain，2386feetinheight，onthesouthernsideofLochKatrine。
98。Withthehope。TheMS。has"withtheTHOUGHT，"and"flyingHOOF"inthenextline。
102。’Twere。Itwouldbe。Cf。Shakespeare，Macb。ii。2。73：
"Toknowmydeed，’twerebestnotknowmyself。"
103。Cambusmore。TheestateofafamilynamedBuchanan，whomScottfrequentlyvisitedinhisyoungerdays。ItisabouttwomilesfromCallander，onthewoodedbanksoftheKeltie，atributaryoftheTeith。
105。Benledi。Amountain，2882feethigh，northwestfromCallander。Thenameissaidtomean"MountainofGod。"
106。Bochastle’sheath。AmoorbetweentheeastendofLochVennacharandCallander。Seealsoonv。298below。
107。ThefloodedTeith。TheTeithisformedbystreamsfromLochVoilandfromLochKatrine（bywayofLochAchrayandLochVennachar），whichuniteatCallander。ItjoinstheForthnearStirling。
111。Vennachar。Asthemapshows，this"LakeoftheFairValley"isthemosteasternofthethreelakesaroundwhichthesceneryofthepoemlies。Itisaboutfivemileslongandamileandahalfwide。
112。TheBriggofTurk。Thisbrig，orbridge（cf。Burns’spoemofTheBrigsofAyr），isoverastreamthatcomesdownfromGlenfinlasandflowsintotheoneconnectingLochsAchrayandVennachar。AccordingtoGraham，itis"thesceneofthedeathofawildboarfamousinCeltictradition。"
114。Unbated。Cf。Shakespeare，M。ofV。ii。6。11：
"WhereisthehorsethatdothuntreadagainHistediousmeasureswiththeunbatedfireThathedidpacethemfirst？"
115。Scourgeandsteel。Whipandspur。Steelisoftenusedforthesword（asinv。239below："foemanworthyoftheirsteel"），thefigurebeingofthesamesortashere——"thematerialputforthethingmadeofit。"Cf。v。479below。
117。Embossed。Anoldhuntingterm。GeorgeTurbervile，inhisNobleArtofVenerieorHunting（A。D。1576），says："Whenthehartisfoamyatthemouth，wesay，thatheisemboss’d。"Cf。
Shakespeare，T。ofS。ind。1。17："BrachMerriman，thepoorcur，isemboss’d；"andA。andC。iv。13。3：
"theboarofThessalyWasneversoemboss’d。"
120。SaintHubert’sbreed。ScottquotesTurbervilehere："ThehoundswhichwecallSaintHubert’shoundsarecommonlyallblacke，yetneuertheless，theraceissomingledatthesedays，thatwefindthemofallcolours。ThesearethehoundswhichtheabbotsofSt。Huberthauealwayskeptsomeoftheirraceorkind，inhonourorremembranceofthesaint，whichwasahunterwithS。
Eustace。Whereuponwemayconceiuethat（bythegraceofGod）
allgoodhuntsmenshallfollowthemintoparadise。"
127。Quarry。Theanimalhunted；anothertechnicalterm。
Shakespeareusesitinthesenseofaheapofslaughteredgame；
asinCor。i。1。202：
"Wouldthenobilitylayasidetheirruth，Andletmeusemysword，I’dmakeaquarryWiththousandsofthesequarter’dslaves，"etc。
Cf。Longfellow，Hiawatha：
"SeldomstoopsthesoaringvultureO’erhisquarryinthedesert。"
130。Stock。Tree—stump。Cf。Job，xiv。8。
133。Turntobay。Likestandatbay，etc。，atermusedwhenthestag，driventoextremity，turnsroundandfaceshispursuers。
Cf。Shakespeare，1。Hen。VI。iv。2。52，whereitisusedfiguratively（asinvi。525below）：
"Turnonthebloodyhoundswithheadsofsteel，Andmakethecowardsstandaloofatbay；"
andT。ofS。v。2。56："’Tisthoughtyourdeerdoesholdyouatabay，"etc。
137。Forthedeath—wound，etc。Scotthasthefollowingnotehere："Whenthestagturnedtobay，theancienthunterhadtheperiloustaskofgoinginupon，andkillingordisabling，thedesperateanimal。Atcertaintimesoftheyearthiswasheldparticularlydangerous，awoundreceivedfromastag’shornbeingthendeemedpoisonous，andmoredangerousthanonefromthetusksofaboar，astheoldrhymetestifies：
’Ifthoubehurtwithhart，itbringtheetothybier，Butbarber’shandwillboar’shurtheal，thereforethouneed’stnotfear。’
Atalltimes，however，thetaskwasdangerous，andtobeadventureduponwiselyandwarily，eitherbygettingbehindthestagwhilehewasgazingonthehounds，orbywatchinganopportunitytogalloproundlyinuponhim，andkillhimwiththesword。SeemanydirectionstothispurposeintheBookeofHunting，chap。41。Wilson，thehistorian，hasrecordedaprovidentialescapewhichbefellhiminthehazardoussport，whileayouth，andfolloweroftheEarlofEssex：
’SirPeterLee，ofLime，inCheshire，invitedmylordonesummertohuntthestagg。Andhavingagreatstagginchase，andmanygentlemeninthepursuit，thestagtooksoyle。Anddivers，whereofIwasone，alighted，andstoodwithswordsdrawne，tohaveacutathim，athiscomingoutofthewater。Thestaggstherebeingwonderfullyfierceanddangerous，madeusyouthsmoreeagertobeathim。Butheescapedusall。Anditwasmymisfortunetobehinderedofmycomingnerehim，thewaybeingsliperie，byafalle；whichgaveoccasiontosome，whodidnotknowmee，tospeakasifIhadfalneforfeare。Whichbeingtoldmee，Ileftthestagg，andfollowedthegentlemanwho[first]
spakeit。ButIfoundhimofthatcoldtemper，thatitseemshiswordsmadeanescapefromhim；asbyhisdenialandrepentanceitappeared。Butthismademeemoreviolentinthepursuitofthestagg，torecovermyreputation。AndIhappenedtobetheonlyhorsemanin，whenthedogssetthimupatbay；andapproachingnearhimonhorsebacke，hebrokethroughthedogs，andrunatmee，andtoremyhorse’ssidewithhishornes，closebymythigh。
ThenIquittedmyhorse，andgrewmorecunning（forthedogshadsettehimupagaine），stealingbehindhimwithmysword，andcuthishamstrings；andthengotuponhisback，andcuthisthroate；
which，asIwasdoing，thecompanycamein，andblamedmyrashnessforrunningsuchahazard’（Peck’sDesiderataCuriosa，ii。464）。"
138。Whinyard。Ashortstoutswordorknife；thesameasthewhingeroftheLayofLastMinstrel，v。7：
"Andwhingers，nowinfriendshipbareThesocialmealtopartandshare，Hadfoundabloodysheath。"
142。Turnedhim。InElizabethan，andstillmoreinearlierEnglish，personalpronounswereoftenusedreflexively；andthis，likemanyotheroldconstructions，isstillusedinpoetry。
145。Trosachs。"Theroughorbristledterritory"（Graham）；thewilddistrictbetweenLochsKatrineandVennachar。ThenameisnowespeciallyappliedtothepassbetweenLochsKatrineandAchray。
147。Closecouched。Thatis，ashelayclosecouched，orhidden。Suchellipsesarecommoninpoetry。
150。Amain。Withmain，orfullforce。Westillsay"withmightandmain。"
151。Chiding。Notamerefigurativeuseofchideaswenowunderstandit（cf。287below），butanexampleoftheoldsenseofthewordasappliedtoanyoft—repeatednoise。ShakespeareusesitofthebarkingofdogsinM。N。D。iv。1。120：
"neverdidIhearSuchgallantchiding；"
ofthewind，asinA。Y。L。ii。1。7："Andchurlishchidingofthewinter’swind；"andofthesea，asin1Hen。IV。iii。1。45：
"theseaThatchidesthebanksofEngland；"
andHen。VIII。iii。2。197："thechidingflood。"
163。ThebanksofSeine。JamesvisitedFrancein1536，andsuedforthehandofMagdalen，daughterofFrancisI。Hemarriedherthefollowingspring，butshediedafewmonthslater。HethenmarriedMaryofGuise，whomhehaddoubtlessseenwhileinFrance。
166。Woeworththechase。Thatis，woebetoit。ThisworthisfromtheA。S。weorthan，tobecome。Cf。Spenser，F。Q。ii。6。
32：
"Woworththeman，ThatfirstdidteachthecursedsteeletobightInhisowneflesh，andmakewaytothelivingspright！"
SeealsoEzek。xxx。2。
180。Andonthehunter，etc。TheMS。reads：
"Andonthehunterhiedhispace，Tomeetsomecomradesofthechase；"
andthe1sted。retains"pace"and"chase。"
184。Thewesternwaves，etc。ThisdescriptionoftheTrosachswaswrittenamidthesceneryitdelineates，inthesummerof1809。TheQuarterlyReview（May，1810）saysofthepoet："Heseeseverythingwithapainter’seye。Whateverherepresentshasacharacterofindividuality，andisdrawnwithanaccuracyandminutenessofdiscriminationwhichwearenotaccustomedtoexpectfrommereverbaldescription。ItisbecauseMr。Scottusuallydelineatesthoseobjectswithwhichheisperfectlyfamiliarthathistouchissoeasy，correct，andanimated。Therocks，theravines，andthetorrentswhichheexhibitsarenottheimperfectsketchesofahurriedtraveller，butthefinishedstudiesofaresidentartist。"Seealsoon278below。
Ruskin（ModernPainters，iii。278）refersto"theloveofcolor"
asaleadingelementinScott’sloveofbeauty。Hemighthavequotedthepresentpassageamongtheillustrationsheadds。
195。Thenativebulwarks，etc。TheMS。has"Themimiccastlesofthepass。"
196。Thetower，etc。Cf。Gen。xi。1—9。
198。Therocky。The1sted。has"Theirrocky，"etc。
204。Norwere，etc。TheMS。reads："Norwerethesemightybulwarksbare。"
208。Dewdropsheen。Not"dewdropssheen，"or"dewdrops’sheen，"
assometimesprinted。Sheen=shining，bright；asinv。10
below。Cf。Spenser，F。Q。ii。1。10："Sofaireandsheene；"Id。
iii。4。51："intopofheavensheene，"etc。SeeWb。TheMS。hashere："Brightglisteningwiththedewdropsheen。"
212。Boon。Bountiful。Cf。Milton，P。L。iv。242：
"FlowersworthyofParadise，whichnotniceartInbedsandcuriousknots，butnatureboonPour’dforthprofuseonhill，anddale，andplain。"
SeealsoP。L。ix。793："jocundandboon。"
217。Bower。Intheoldsenseofchamber，lodging—place；asiniv。413andvi。218below。Cf。Spenser，F。Q。iii。1。58：
"EftesooneslongwaxentorcheswerenlightUntotheirbowrestoguydeneveryguest。"
Forclift（=cleft），thereadingofthe1sted。andunquestionablywhatScottwrote，everyothereditionthatwehaveseenreads"cliff。"
219。Emblemsofpunishmentandpride。Seeoniii。19below。
222，223。Notetheimperfectrhymeinbreathandbeneath。Cf。
224—25，256—57，435—36，445—46below。SuchinstancesarecomparativelyrareinScott’spoetry。SomerhymesthatappeartobeimperfectaretobeexplainedbypeculiaritiesofScottishpronunciation。Seeon363below。
227。Shaltered。TheMS。has"scathed；"also"ruggedarmsathwartthesky"in229，and"twinkling"forglisteningin231。
The1sted。has"scattered"forshattered；correctedintheErrata。
231。Streamers。Ofivyorothervines。
238。Affording，etc。TheMS。reads：
"AffordingscarcesuchbreadthoffloodAsservedtofloatthewild—duck’sbrood。"
247。Emerging，etc。TheMS。has"Emergingdry—shodfromthewood。"
254。Andnow，toissuefromtheglen，etc。"UntilthepresentroadwasmadethroughtheromanticpasswhichIhavepresumptuouslyattemptedtodescribeintheprecedingstanzas，therewasnomodeofissuingoutofthedefilecalledtheTrosachs，exceptingbyasortofladder，composedofthebranchesandrootsoftrees"（Scott）。
263。LochKatrine。InanotetoTheFairMaidofPerth，ScottderivesthenamefromtheCatterans，orHighlandrobbers，thatonceinfestedtheshoresofthelake。Othersmakeit"theLakeoftheBattle，"inmemoryofsomeprehistoricconflict。
267。Livelier。Becauseinmotion；likelivinggoldabove。
270。Benvenue。Seeon97above。
271。Downto。Mosteditionsmisprint"downon。"
272。Confusedly。Atrisyllable；asinii。161below，andintheLay，iii。337："Andhelmsandplumes，confusedlytossed。"
274。Wildering。Bewildering。Cf。Dryden，Aurungzebe，i。1：
"wilder’dintheway，"etc。Seealso434andv。22below。
275。Hisruinedsides，etc。TheMS。reads：
"Hisruinedsidesandfragmentshoar，Whileonthenorthtomiddleair。"
277。Ben—an。Thismountain，1800feethigh，isnorthoftheTrosachs，separatingthatpassfromGlenfinlas。
278。Fromthesteep，etc。TheMS。reads：
"FromthehighpromontorygazedThestranger，awe—struckandamazed。"
TheCriticalReview（Aug。1820）remarksofthisportionofthepoem（184fol。）："Perhapstheartoflandscape—paintinginpoetryhasneverbeendisplayedinhigherperfectionthaninthesestanzas，towhichrigidcriticismmightpossiblyobjectthatthepictureissomewhattoominute，andthatthecontemplationofitdetainsthetravellersomewhattoolongfromthemainpurposeofhispilgrimage，butwhichitwouldbeanactofthegreatestinjusticetobreakintofragmentsandpresentbypiecemeal。Notsothemagnificentscenewhichburstsuponthebewilderedhunterasheemergesatlengthfromthedell，andcommandsatoneviewthebeautifulexpanseofLochKatrine。"
281。Churchman。Initsoldsenseofoneholdinghighofficeinthechurch。Cf。Shakespeare，2Hen。VI。i。3。72，whereCardinalBeaufortiscalled"theimperiouschurchman，"etc。
285。Cloister。Monastery；originally，thecoveredwalkaroundtheinnercourtofthebuilding。
287。Chide。Here，figuratively，inthemodernsense。Seein151above。
290。Shouldlave。The1sted。has"didlave，"whichisperhapstobepreferred。
294。Whilethedeeppeal’s。Forthemeasure，seeon73above。
300。Tofriendlyfeast，etc。TheMS。has"Tohospitablefeastandhall。"
302。Beshrew。Mayevilbefall（seeonshrewdly，84above）；amildimprecation，oftenusedplayfullyandeventenderly。Cf。
Shakespeare，2Hen。IV。ii。3。45：
"Beshrewyourheart，Fairdaughter，youdodrawmyspiritsfrommeWithnewlamentingancientoversights！"
305。Somemossybank，etc。TheMS。reads：
"AndhollowtrunkofsomeoldtreeMychamberforthenightmustbe。"
313。Highlandplunderers。"TheclanswhoinhabitedtheromanticregionsintheneighborhoodofLochKatrinewere，evenuntilalateperiod，muchaddictedtopredatoryexcursionsupontheirLowlandneighbors"（Scott）。
317。Falltheworst。Iftheworstbefallthatcanhappen。Cf。
Shakespeare，M。ofV。i。2。96："antheworstfallthateverfell，IhopeIshallmakeshifttogowithouthim。"
319。Butscarceagain，etc。TheMS。reads：
"Thebugleshrillagainhewound，Andlo！forthstartingatthesound；"
andbelow：
"Alittleskiffshottothebay。
Thehunterlefthisairystand，Andwhentheboathadtouchedthesand，Concealedhestoodamidthebrake，ToviewthisLadyoftheLake。"
336。Strain。The1sted。hasacommaafterstrain，andaperiodafterartin340。Theed。of1821pointsasinthetext。
342。Naiad。Waternymph。
343。Andne’erdidGrecianchisel，etc。TheMS。reads：
"Afinerform，afairerface，HadnevermarbleNymphorGrace，ThatboaststheGrecianchisel’strace；"
andin359below，"astrangertongue。"