Where，heasks，aretheIndiantribeswithwhomthecelebratedQuakertreated?
InParaguay，ontheotherhand，atleastinthetimewhenWashburnewasMinisterfromtheUnitedStatestoLopezfrom1861to1868，thefewremainingParaguayansoftheupperclasswerealmostalldescendedfromtheintermarriagesofthefollowersofIralawiththenatives。
ThetyrannyofLopez，andtheeffectsofthedisastrouswarwithBrazilandtheArgentineRepublic，havealmostextirpatedeveryParaguayanoftheoldstockwiththeleastpretensionstowhitedescent。
RuizDiazdeGuzman，speakingofthemixedraceinParaguayandBuenosAyres，says:
`Theyaregenerallygoodsoldiers，ofgreatspiritandvalour，expertintheuseofarms，especiallyinthatofthemusquet，somuchsothat，whentheygoonlongjourneys，theyareaccustomedtoliveonthegamewhichtheykillwithit。Itiscommonforthemtokillbirdsonthewing，andheisaccountedunfitforasoldierwhocannotbringdownapigeon。Theyaresuchexcellenthorsementhatthereisnoonewhoisnotabletotameandrideanunbrokencolt。
`Thewomengenerallyarevirtuous，beautiful，andofagentledisposition。'
IftheinhabitantsofParaguayandtheriverPlateofthosedaysweregoodmarksmen，itismorethancanbesaidoftheGauchosoftheArgentineprovincesandtheParaguayansoftwentyyearsago。
Withoutmilitarytraining，sofarfrombeingabletobringdownapigeononthewing，fewcouldhitthetrunkofatreeatfiftypaces。
Theusualmethodofshootingusedtobetocramasmuchammunitionintothegunasthehandwouldcontain，andthen，lookingcarefullyawayfromtheobjectaimedat，toclosebotheyesandpullthetrigger。
Accuracyofaimwasnotsomuchconsideredasloudnessofreport。
Asregardstheirpowersofriding，theyarestillunchanged；
andastothevirtueoftheirwomen，virtueissolargelyamatterofconventionthatitisgenerallywisesttoleavesuchmattersuncommentedon，asitissoeasynottounderstandtheconventionsofthepeopleofwhomonewrites。
WhilstIralawasconciliatingtheGuaranisinParaguay，CharlesV。hadnotforgottenthatthenewsettlementofBuenosAyreshadbeenabandoned。
Aftermuchsearch，heselectedAlvarNunezCabezadeVacatobethenewGovernor；and，asAlvarNunezwasperhapsthemostremarkableofalltheSpanish`conquistadores'oftheNewWorld，itmaynotbeoutofplacetogivesomefactsofhiscareer，ashispolicyinregardtotheIndianswasalmostthatoftheJesuitsinafter
times。
AshehimselfinformsusinhisCommentaries，his`fatherwasthatPedrodeVerawhowonCanaria，'andhismother`DonaTeresaCabezadeVaca，anobleladyofJerezdelaFrontera。'AftertheSpanishfashionofthetime，heusedthenamesofbothhisparents。
`ComentariosdeAlvarNunezCabezadeVaca'。PublishedbyDonAndresGonzalezBarciainhiscollectionof`EarlyHistoriansoftheIndies'Madrid，1749。
In1529hesailedwiththeill
fatedexpeditionofPanfilodeNarvaeztoApalacheinFlorida，wasshipwrecked，triedtoregaintheSpanishsettlementsinboats，andthencastbyastormabsolutelynaked，andwithonlythreecompanions，uponanunknownland。TakenbytheIndians，hewasmadeaslave，thenrosetobeapedlar，thenadoctor，andfinallyachief，heldsacredforhismysteriouspowers。
AtlasthemadehiswayonfootintotheterritoryofNewSpain，notasacaptive，butastheleaderofseveralhundredIndians，whofollowedhimanddidhisbiddingasifhehadbeenborntheirchief。
Ramblingaboutformonths，butalwaysfollowedbyhisIndians，heatlengthencounteredaSpanishhorse
soldier，and，accostinghim，foundhehadalmostforgottenSpanishduringhistenyears'sojournwiththeIndians。Hisfirstentreaty，whenhefoundSpanishgraduallyreturningtohim，wastotheSpaniardsnottoharasshisIndianfollowing。ThenhebesoughttheIndiansthemselvestoceasetheirnomadlifeandcultivatethesoil。Inneithercasewashesuccessful，astheSpaniards，likeallotherEuropeans，heldIndianslittleremovedfromdogs。AndfortheIndians，thefewremainingareasmuchattachedtotheiroldwanderinglifeasinthedaysofthediscoveryoftheNewWorld。InallthatAlvarNunezwrites，heshowsagrandeurofsoulandspiritfardifferentfromthewritings，notonlyoftheconquerorsoftheNewWorld，butoftheconquerorsofAfricaofto
day。Forhimnobraggingofhisexploits。1Allthathesayshesetsdownmodestlyandwithexcusesaseverynowandthen，`Mepesahablardemistrabajos'，andasbefitsagentleman。
Lastly，heleavesthereaderwhendescribinghiscaptivityinFlorida，bytellinghimquitequietlyandwithoutcommentthatGodwaspleasedtosavefromalltheseperilshimself，AlonsodelCastilloMaldonado，AndresDorantes，andthatthefourthwasanegrocalledEstevanico，anativeofAzimur。
But，notcontentedwithhistenyears'captivity，afterthreeyearsathomeheenteredintoacertain`asiento'2and`capitulacion'3withtheKingtosailathisownchargeswithanexpeditiontosuccourDonPedrodeMendoza，whowashardpressedbyfamineandtheIndiansatBuenosAyres。Heagreedtofurnisheightthousandducats，horses，arms，men，andprovisionsathisownexpense，uponconditionthathewasmadeGovernorandAdelantadooftheRiodelaPlata，andGeneralbothofitsarmiesanditsfleets。
1Itmustbeallowed，however，thatintheirwritingsfewoftheSpanish`conquistadores'ofAmericabraggedmuch。
TheymostlygavethecreditofalltheirdoingstotheGodofBattles。
TheboastinghasbeenreservedfortheconquerorsofAfricainourowntime。
2`Asiento'isacontract。ThecontractwhichCharlesV。，atthewell
meantbutunfortunateinstigationofLasCasas，madewiththeGenoesetosupplynegroesforAmericaisknownas`ElAsientodelosNegros'。
3Inthe`capitulacion'madebyAlvarNunezwiththeKingoccursthecelebratedclause，`QuenopasasenprocuradoresniabogadosalasIndias'，i。e。，thatneithersolicitorsnorbarristersshouldgototheIndies。Itisunfortunateitwasnotheldtostringently，asinParaguay，atleast，theReptiliawerealreadywellrepresented。
UponNovember2，1537，heembarkedatCadizwithhisfleet，consistingofacaravelandtwofull
riggedships。AllwentwelluptotheCapedeVerdes。Onnearingtheequator，itoccurredtothe`MaestrodelAgua'toexaminehisstockofwater，and，outofonehundredpipeswhichhadbeenputaboard，hefoundbutthreeremaining，andfromthesethethirtyhorsesandfourhundredmenwhowereonboardallhadtodrink。Seeingthegreatnessofthenecessity，theGovernor
forAlvarNunezalmostalwaysspeaksofhimselfinthethirdperson
gaveordersthatthefleetshouldmakeforland。
`Threedays，'hesaysinhisCommentaries，`wesailedinsearchofit'；
andonthefourth，justbeforesunrise，occurredaverynotableaffair，and，asitisnotaltogether`fueradeproposito'，Isetitdown，anditisthis
`that，goingtowardstheland，theshipshadalmosttouchedonsomesharprockswehadnotseen。'Then，asnow，Itakeit，vigilancewasnotanoticeablequalityinSpanishsailors。
Justasthevesselswerealmostontherocks，`acricketcommencedtosing，whichcricketasicksoldierhadputintotheshipatCadiz，beinganxioustohearitsmusic，andforthetwomonthswhichournavigationhadendurednoonehadheardit，whereatthesoldierwasmuchenraged；
andasonthatmorningitfelttheland[`sintiolatierra']，itcommencedtosing，anditsmusicwakenedallthepeopleoftheship，whosawthecliffs，whichweredistantalmostacrossbow
shotfromwherewewere，sowecastoutanchorsandsavedtheship，anditiscertainthatifthecrickethadnotsungallofus，fourhundredsoldiersandthirtyhorses，hadbeenlost。'SomeofthecrewacceptedtheoccurrenceasamiraclefromGod；butNunezhimselfissilentonthathead，beingabetterobserverofnaturalhistorythanatheologian。But`fromthere，andsailingmorethanahundredleaguesalongthecoast，thecricketeveryeveninggaveushismusic，andthuswithitwearrivedatalittleportbeyondCapeFrio，wheretheAdelantadolandedandunfurledhisflag，andtookpossessionforHisMajesty。'TheexpeditiondisembarkedatSantaCatalinainBrazil。
`TheretheGovernorlandedhismenandtwenty
sixofthehorseswhichhadescapedthesea，allthatremainedofforty
sixembarkedinSpain。'
The`odiumtheologicum'gavetheGovernorsomeworkatonce。
Twofriars
FrayBernardodeArmentaandFrayAlonsoLebron，Franciscans
hadburntthehousesofsomeIndians，whohadretaliatedintheheathenfashionbyslaughteringtwoChristians。
The`peoplebeingscandalized'，theGovernorsentforthefriars，admonishedthem，andtoldthemtorestraintheirzeal。
Thiswasthefirstfalsestephemade，andsetallfriarsandprieststhroughoutAmericaagainsthim。HearingatSantaCatalinathatBuenosAyreswasalmostabandoned，andthattheinhabitantshadfoundedthetownofAsunciondelParaguay，Alvardeterminedtomarchthitherbyland，andsendhisshipintotheriverPlateanduptheParaguay。
ThetwoFranciscanfriarshetoldtoremainand`indoctrinate'theIndians。
Thistheyrefusedtodo，sayingtheywishedtoresideamongsttheSpaniardsinAsuncion。HadtheybeenJesuits，itistentoonetheyhadremainedandspenttheirlives`indoctrinating'，fortheJesuitsaloneofallthereligiousOrderswereeverreadytotakeeveryrisk。
UponhismarchtheGovernor，contrarytoallgoodpolicyandprecedent，orderedthatnothingshouldbetakenfromtheIndianswithoutduepaymentbeingmade。Toinsurethisbeingdone，hepaidforallprovisionshimself，andservedthemouttothesoldiery。ThismadehimasunpopularwithhissoldiersashisdealingswiththetwoFranciscanshadmadehimamongstthefriars。SurelyhemighthaveknownthatPizarro，Cortes，Almagro，andtherest，weremenwhoneverpaidforanything。
Still，hepersistedinhisconducttotheend，andsobroughtruinonhimself。
TheIndiansseemedtoappreciatehismethod，forhesaysthat`whenthenewswasspreadabroadofthegoodtreatmenttheGovernorgavetoall，theycametomeetthearmydeckedwithflowersandbringingprovisionsingreatabundance。'Itwas，healsosays，`athingtoseehowfrightenedtheIndianswereofthehorses，andhowtheybroughtthemfood，chickensandhoneytokeepthemquietandingoodhumour，andtheyaskedtheGovernortotellthehorsesnottohurtthem。'
AfterpassingtheriverIguazu，hesentthetwofriarsaheadtocollectprovisions，and`whentheGovernorarrivedtheIndianshadnomoretogive。'
ThisisperhapsthefirstaccountofthelevyingofthetitheintheNewWorld。
SohavingstartedfromthecoastuponNovember2，1541，hearrivedatAsunciononMarch2，1542，havingaccomplishedamarchofmorethantwothousandmileswithbutthelossofasinglemanandwithouttheslaughterofasingleIndian。HardlyhadhearrivedatAsuncionbeforehefoundhimselfembroiledoneveryside。TheIndianswereinfullrebellion，thesettlementofBuenosAyresalmostinruins，andtheofficersappointedbytheKingtocollecttheroyalduesallhostiletohimtoaman。
AfterhavingconsultedwiththeclergytofindiftheythoughtitlawfultoattacktheGuaycuruswhohadassailedthenewly
foundedtown，hereceivedtheopinion`thatitwasnotonlylawful，butexpedient。'
Thereforehesentoffanexpeditionagainstthem，towhichwasjoinedapriesttorequiretheGuaycurustobecomeChristiansandtoacknowledgetheKingofSpain。Thepropositions，notunnaturally，didnotseemreasonabletotheIndians，whomostlikelywereunawareofthebenefitswhichChristianityconfers，andprobablyheardforthefirsttimeoftheKingofSpain。
TheGovernor，whoseemstohavedoubtedofthehumanityoftheclergy，calledanothercouncil，whichconfirmedthepreviousopinion。
Strangelyenough，thisseemstohavesurprisedhim，forheprobablydidnotreflectthattheclergywouldnothavetofightthemselves，andthatthefirstbloodeverspiltonearthwasonaccountofareligiousdifference。
JustbeforetheexpeditionstarteditwasfoundthatthetwoFranciscanfriarswhohadcomewithhimfromSantaCatalinacouldnotbefound。
ItthenappearedtheyhadstartedbacktothecoastaccompaniedbyabevyofIndiandamsels，thirty
fiveinall。
Theywerefollowedandbroughtback，andthenexplainedthattheywereontheirwaytoSpaintocomplainagainsttheGovernor。
Thefive
and
thirtyduskycatechumensremainedwithoutanexplanation，andthepeoplewereoncemore`scandalized'。TheGovernorthenstartedoutagainsttheGuaycurus。OnlythosewhoknowtheChaco，orwesternbankoftheriverParaguay，canformtheleastideaofwhatsuchanexpeditionmusthavebeen。Evento
dayintheChacothechangesincethebeginningoftheworldcanbebutslight。
Asasteamerslipsalongthebank，nothingformilesandmilesisseenbutswamp，intersectedwithbackwaters，1inwhichliealligators，electriceels，andstingingrays。Farastheeyecanreachareswamps，swamps，andmoreswamps，aseaofwavingpampa
grass。
Aftertheswampsthicketsoftacuarascanes，forestsofthornytrees，chanares，nandubay，jacarandas，urundey，talas，andquebrachos，eachonehardenoughtosplitanaxe，some，liketheblackcanela，almostlikeiron；theinhabitantsferociousandintractableaswhentheGovernorhimselffirstsawthem；theclimateheavyandhumid，theairdankwithvinchucas2andmosquitoesandthelittleblackinfernalmidgetcalledthejejen；noroads，nopaths，nolandmarks，buthereandthereatintervalsofmanyleaguesaclearingintheforestwheresomestragglingsettlementexists，morerarelystillthewallsofadesertedJesuitmission
houseorchurch。Ostrichesanddeer，tigers，3capibarasandtapirs，andnowandthenaherdofcattleaswildasbuffaloes，areseen。SometimesanIndianwithhislancesitsmotionlessuponhishorsetowatchthevesselpass
asentineltoguardthewildernessfromencroachmentsfromwithout。
SoAlvarNunez，ashetellsusinhisCommentaries，startedwithfourhundredmenandwithonethousandfriendlyIndians，allwellarmedandpainted，andwithplatesofmetalontheirheadstoreflectthesun，andsostriketerrortotheirenemies。
Tosavethehorsestheywereputonboard，4whilsttheIndiansmarchedalongthebank，keepingupwiththeships。HorsesatthattimeinParaguayandinPeruoftenwereworthonethousandcrownsofgold，thoughAzaratellsusthatinthelastcenturyinBuenosAyresyoucouldoftenbuyagoodhorsefortwoneedles，socheaphadtheybecome。
Then，asatpresent，timewasofnoaccountinParaguay，soalmosteverydaytheylandedthehorsestokeeptheminconditionandtochasetheostrichesanddeer。
1ThesebackwatersareknowninGuaranibythenameof`aguapey'。
2ThevinchucaisakindofflyingbugcommoninParaguay。
Itsshapeistriangular，itscolourgray，anditsodournoxious。
ItisoneoftheHemiptera，anditsso
calledscientificappellationis`Conorhinusgigas'。
3R。B。CunninghameGrahamwriteselsewhere:"AlloverSouthAmericathejaguariscalledatigertigre。"
A。L。，1998。
4Azara，inhis`HistoriadelParaguay'，etc。，tellsusthatin1551
DomingodeIralaatAsuncionboughtafineblackhorseforfivethousandgoldcrowns。Heboundhimselftopayforhimoutoftheproceedsofhisfirstconquest。
Justthekindofarmythatathinkingmanwouldliketomarchwith；
nottoomuchtoeat，but，still，apleasantfeelingofmarchingtospreadreligionandtomakeone'sfortune，withbutthesolitaryunpleasantfeaturetothesoldier
thesystemofpaymentforprovisionswhichtheGovernorprescribed。Allwasnewandstrange；theworldwasrelativelyyoung。EachnighttheGovernorreligiouslywroteuphisdiary，nowchroniclingthedeathofsomegoodhorse，orofanIndian，orcommentinguponthefruits，thefish，theanimals，thetrees，and`alltheotherthingsofGodwhichdifferfromthoseintheCastiles。'
OccasionallyafighttookplacewithGuasaraposorwithPagayuas，butnothingofmuchaccount`demuchamonta'；alwaysthetalesofgold
minestobemetwithfurtheron。EventuallytheexpeditioncametoapointnotfarfromwhereisnowthetownofCorumba。ThereAlvarNunezfoundedatowntowhichhegavethenameofReyes，whichhaslongfallenintodecay。
Healsosenttwocaptainstoexploreandsearchforgold，waitingtwoorthreemonthsfortheirreturn，andsufferingfromaquartanaguewhichconfinedhimtohisbed；then，havingfailedtofindthetalked
ofgold
mines，hesethisfaceagaintowardsAsuncion。
Justbeforestartinghegavethefinalblowtohiswaningpopularity。
Someofhisfollowers，havingtakenIndiangirls，hadhiddenthemonboardtheships；this，whenheknewit，Nunezatonceforbade，and，sendingforthefathersofthegirls，restoredtheirchildrentothem。
`Withthis，'hesays，`thenativesweremuchpleased，buttheSpaniardsrenderedangryanddesperate，andforthiscausetheyhatedme。'
Nothingmorenatural，andforthesamecausetheSpanishParaguayanshatedtheJesuitswhocarriedoutthepolicywhichthewiseGovernorbegan。
OnApril8，1543，theGovernorreturnedtoAsuncion，wornoutandillwithague。Therehefoundallconfusion。DomingodeIrala，aclever，ambitiousBiscayansoldierwhohadbeeninterimGovernorbeforeNunezhadarrived，hadworkeduponthepeople，sayingthatNunezwishedtotakeawaytheirproperty。
AstheirchiefpropertywasinIndianswhomtheyhadenslaved，thisrenderedNunezmostunpopular，andthesamekindofallegationswerelaidagainsthimaswerelaidagainsttheJesuitswhenintheirturntheydenouncedslaveryinParaguay。
Allthecomplaintswereinthenameofliberty，asgenerallyisthecasewhentyrannyorvillainyofanysortistobedone。
SoAlvarNunez1tellsusinhisCommentariesthatatthehouroftheAveMariatenortwelveofthe`factious'enteredhishousewherehelayillinbed，allshouting`Liberty!'andtoprovetheywereallgoodpatriotsoneJaimeResquinputabentcrossbowtohisside，andforcedhimtogetoutofbed，andtookhimofftoprisonamidacrowdallshouting`Liberty!'Thefriendsoflibertyupontheothersideattemptedarescue，butthepatriots2weretoostrong。
SotheunpatrioticGovernorwasthrown，heavilyironed，intoacell，outofwhichtomakeroomtheyletamurdererwhowasawaitingdeath。
`He'AlvarNunezgrimlyremarks`madehastetotakemycloak，andthensetoffdownthestreetatonce，callingout"Liberty!"'
Thateverythingshouldbeinorder，thepatriotsconfiscatedalltheGovernor'sgoodsandtookhispapers，publishingaproclamationthattheydidsobecausehewasatyrant。Unluckily，theIndianshavenotleftusanycommentaries，oritwouldbecurioustolearnwhattheythoughtastothetyrannyofAlvarNunez。MostprobablytheythoughtastheIndiansoftheJesuitmissionsthoughtattheexpulsionoftheJesuitsfromParaguay，asissetforthinthecuriousmemorialaddressedin1768bythepeopleoftheMissionofSanLuistotheGovernorofBuenosAyres，prayingthattheJesuitsmightbesufferedtoremaininsteadofthefriars，whohadbeensenttoreplacethemagainstthepeople'swill。3
HavinggottheGovernorintoprison，thepatriotshadtoelectanotherchief，andthechoicenaturally`fell'uponDomingodeIrala，who，havingbeeninterimGovernor，hadneverceasedintriguingfromthefirst。
Hepromptlyputhisfriendsinoffice，afterthefashionofallGovernors，whethertheyenterofficetothecryof`Liberty'ornot。
ThefriendsofAlvarNunez，intheusualSpanishfashionlongsanctifiedbyuseandwont，declaredthemselvesinopposition
thatis，theyroamedabouttheland，provingbytheftandmurderthattheirloveoflibertywasjustasstrongasthatofthoseinpower。
Thingsshortlycametosuchapassthatnoonecouldleavehishousebynight。
ThemaraudingGuaycurusburntallthesuburbs，andthreatenedtoattackthetown。Nunezhimselfwasguardeddayandnightbyfourmenarmedwithdaggersinacloseprison。Ashesayshimself，hisprisonwasnot`fittingforhishealth，'fordayandnighthehadtokeepacandleburningtoseetoread，andthegrassgrewunderneathhisbed，whilstforthesakeof`health'hehadapairoffirst
ratefettersonhisfeet。ForhischiefgaolertheyprocuredoneHernandodeSosa，whomNunezhadputingaolforstrikinganIndianchief。Aguardwatchedconstantlyattheprisongate，but，still，inspiteofthishemanagedtocommunicatealmostuninterruptedlywithhisfriendsoutside。Hismethodwascertainlyingenious。
HisfoodwasbroughttohimbyanIndiangirl，whom，sogreatwasthefearofthepatriotsthatheshouldwritetotheKing，theymadewalknakedintotheprison，carryingthedishes，andwithherheadshaved。Notwithstandingthis，shemanagedtobringapieceofpaperhiddenbetweenhertoes。ThepartyofLiberty，suspectingthatNunezwascommunicatingwithhisfriends，procuredanIndianyouthtomakelovetothegirlandlearnthesecret。
Thishefailedtodo，owing，perhaps，tohislove
makingbeingwantinginconvictiononaccountofhershavedhead。
AtlastIralaandhisfriendsdeterminedtosendtheGovernoraprisonertoSpain，takingcare，ofcourse，todespatchamessengerbeforehandtodistortthefactsandprejudicetheKing。ThefriendsofNunez，however，managedtosecreteaboxofpapers，statingthetruefacts，onboardtheship。
Atdeadofnightabandofharquebusiersdraggedhimfromhisbedafteracaptivityofelevenmonths，ashesays，`almostwiththecandleinhishand'
i。e。，inadyingstate。Ashelefttheprison，hefelluponhiskneesandthankedGodforhavinglethimoncemorefeeltheairofheaven，andtheninaloudvoiceexclaimed:
`InameasmysuccessorCaptainJuandeSalazardeEspinosa。'
AtthisoneGarciVargasrushedathimwithaknife，andtoldhimtorecallhiswordsorhewouldkillhiminstantly。Thishewasstoppedfromdoing，andNunezwashurriedtotheshipandchainedsecurelytoabeam。Onboardthevessel，hesays，theytriedtopoisonhim；
butthisseemsdoubtful，astherewasnothingonearthtopreventtheirdoingsohadtheybeensoinclined。
Still，asaprudentmanhetooktheprecautiontoprovidesomeoilandapieceofunicorn`pedazodeunicornio'，withwhichhetriedthefood。UnicornshecouldnothaveseeninParaguay，noryetinFlorida，andhedoesnotexplainhowhebecamesoluckilyequipped。
1`ComentariosdeAlvarNunezCabezadeVaca'，containedinBarcia's`HistoriadoresPrimitivosdelasIndiasOccidentales'。
2The`patriots'arealwaysthoseoftheprevailingpartyinaState。
3`I。H。S。
`GodpreserveyourExcellency，saywe，theCabildo，andalltheCaciquesandIndians，men，womenandchildrenofSanLuis，asyourExcellencyisourfather。TheCorregidor，SantiagoPindoandDonPantaleonCaynari，intheirloveforus，havewrittentousofcertainbirdswhichtheydesirewewillsendthemfortheKing……Wearesorrynottohavethemtosend，inasmuchastheylivewhereGodmadethem，intheforests，andflyfarawayfromus，sothatwecannotcatchthem。
WithalwearethevassalsofGodandoftheKing，andalwaysdesiroustofulfilthewishesofhisMinister……sowepraytoGodthatthatbestofbirds，theHolyGhost，maydescendupontheKing……
Furthermore，wedesiretosaythattheSpanishcustomisnottoourliking
foreveryonetotakecareofhimself，insteadofhelpingoneanotherintheirdailytoil。'
ThisquaintandtouchingletterwaswrittenoriginallyinGuarani，andispreservedatBuenosAyres。`Thatbestofbirds，theHolyGhost，'showsfaithgrounded，atleast，onornithology，andthewholespiritofthesimpledocumentisaspatheticasitsunconsciousphilosophyistrue。
Nonetheless，ofallthediscoverersofAmericaheisthemanofleastimaginativepower
thatis，inmattersappertainingtonaturalhistory
soonemustconcludehehadhispieceofunicornfromSpain，wherehemostprobablyhadboughtitfromsomedealerinnecessariesfortravellerstotheNewWorld。
AfterastormyvoyagehearrivedinSpaintofindhisaccusersjustbeforehim。WithtrulyEasternjustice，bothaccusersandaccusedwereputingaol，acustomworthyofadoptioninotherlands。
Nunezwassoonreleasedonbail，and，hisaccusershavingalldied，ineightyears'timehewastriumphantlyacquittedofallthechargesbroughtagainsthim。Toprove，however，thatJusticeisandalwayshasbeenblind，theKingneverrestoredhimtohisgovernmentinParaguay，and，asNunezsays，forgottorepayhimwhathehadexpendedinhisservice。
WithAlvarNunezwaslosttheonlychanceofliberaltreatmenttotheIndians，forfromhistimethegovernors，insteadofbeingmenoftheworldabovethepettyspiteofpartydifferences，werechoseneitherfromofficerswho，havingservedinthefrontierwars，quitenaturallylookedontheIndiansasenemies，orwereappointedbyintriguingMinistersatCourt。FromthedeathofAlvarNuneztotheinaugurationofthemissionsbytheJesuits，noonearosetotaketheIndians'side，anditmaybethathadhispolicyprevailedtherewouldhavebeenanIndianpopulationleftinthemissionterritoryofParaguay；forhadthecivilgovernorsco
operatedwiththeJesuits，thedispersionoftheIndians，whichtookplaceattheexpulsionoftheJesuits，hadnotoccurred。
Guevara，`HistoriadelParaguay'printedin`LaColecciondeAngelis'，BuenosAires，1836，bookvi。，p。108，saysofAlvarNunez:
`Mereciaestatuaporsurectitud，justiciayChristiandad。'AndinanotherplaceGuevarasays:`LaFloridalocautivo/coninhumanidad；
LaAsuncionloaprisiono/coninfamia；peroenunayotropartefueejemplardemoderacion……recto，prudenteydesanocorazon。'
AlvarNunezdiedholdingtheofficeof`OidordelaAudienciadeSevilla'，accordingtoP。delTecho`HistoriadelParaguay'；
orasamemberoftheConsejodeIndias，accordingtoCharlevoix。