ThuswasDomingoMartinezdeIralaleftinsolecommandinParaguay。
HenaturallyhadalltogainbynotcommunicatingwithSpain。
Hadhedoneso，thepartheplayedinreferencetoAlvarNunezmusthavebeenknown。Hehad，however，certaingoodqualities，courageinabundance，Herculeanstrengthandgreatendurance，andthepowerofmakinghimselfobeyed。ButhehadtojustifyhimselftoSpainforhisposition，andthesurestwaytodosowastodiscovergold
mines。So，namingFranciscodeMendozahislieutenant，hestarteduptheParaguay，takingwithhimthreehundredandfiftysoldiersandtwothousandGuaranis。
Aftermanyhardships，hereachedthefrontiersofPeru，onlytofindthecountryalreadyconqueredfromthePacificside，andtobemetbythemessengersofthewisePresident，LaGasca，whotoldhimtoreturn，andnamedoneDiegoCentenoGovernorofParaguayinsteadofhim。Centenodiedbeforehecouldassumethegovernorship，soitseemedthatfatedeterminedthatIralawastocontinueincommand。
AfterayearandahalfhereturnedtoParaguay，havingfoundnogoldorriches，butbringingmanythousandIndiansasslaves。
ItisimportanttorememberthatIrala，whowasremarkableforhisrelativelykindtreatmentoftheIndians，onthisoccasionledsomanyofthemcaptive。OnarrivingatAsuncionhefoundarebelliongoingon，asnotinfrequentlyoccurredwhenaSpanishGovernorlefthisdomains。Hislieutenant，Mendoza，hadbeenkilledbyoneDiegodeAbreu。AfterquietingmattersinAsuncion，hedespatchedNuflodeChavesoneofhiscaptainstofoundatownonthehigherwatersoftheParaguay。
Likemanyothercaptainsofthosedays，theideaofChaveswastomakehimselfquiteindependentofauthority；so，strikingintotheinterior，hefoundedthetownofSantaCruzdelaSierrainBolivia。
AftermanyadventureshewaskilledbyanIndian，whostruckhimwithaclubwhilsthewassittingeatingwithouthishelmet。
IraladiedatthelittlevillageofItain1557，andwasburiedinthecathedralatAsuncion，whichhewasbuildingatthetime。
Withhimexpiredthegenerationoftheconqueringsoldiersoffortune，who，schooledinthewarsofItaly，broughttoAmericasomeofthevirtuesandallthevicesoftheOldWorld。
Afterhimbeganthereignofthehalf
casteSpaniardswhoweretheprogenitorsofthemodernoccupantsoftheSpanish
Americanrepublics。
AtIrala'sdeaththeusualfeuds，whichhaveforthelastthreehundredyearsdisgracedeverypartofSpanishAmerica，began。Intothemitisunnecessarytoenter，forwithIraladiedalmosttheonlyGovernorofParaguaywhoshowedthesmallestcapacitytomakehimselfobeyed。
TrueindeedthatAriasdeSaavedra，anativeofParaguayandLieutenant
GovernorunderRamirezdeVelasco，theGovernorofTucuman，displayedsometracesofabilityandofintelligence。HeitwaswhofirstappealedtoSpainformissionariestoconverttheIndians。
WhilstAlvarNunezandIrala，withNuflodeChavesandtheothercaptains，hadbeenconqueringandbuildingtowns，theJesuitshadbeenpreachinginthewildernessandgatheringtogethertheIndiantribes。
NottenyearsafterthefoundationoftheirOrder，orabout1550，theyhadlandedatSanSalvadordeBahiainBrazil。
AcquavivawasGeneraloftheOrderatthistime；hewasamanofmarkedabilityandgreatenergy。
In1554，inthedistrictofGuayra，ontheupperwatersoftheParana，andabovethecataract，thetownsofOntiveros，CiudadReal，andVillaRica，hadbeenfoundedbyDonRuyDiazdeMelgarejo。
In1586FathersAlfonsoBarcenaandAnguloleftthetownofSantaMariadelasCharcasBoliviaattherequestofFranciscoVitoria，BishopofSantiago，whohadappealedformissionariestotheSocietyofJesus。
TheyreachedtheprovinceofGuayra，andbegantheirlabours。
ShortlyafterwardstheywerejoinedbyFathersEstezanGrao，JuanSolano，andThomasFields；SolanoandFieldshadalreadyvisitedsomeofthewanderingtribesupontheRioVermejointheChaco。
In1593othersarrived，asJuanRomero，GaspardeMonroy，andMarcelinoLorenzana。ShortlyafterthistheyfoundedthecollegeinAsuncion。ThenFathersOrtegaandVellarnaopenetratedintothemountainsoftheChiriguanas，andbegantopreachtheGospeltotheIndians。
In1602Acquaviva，seeingthenecessityofcommonaction，calledallthescatteredJesuitsofParaguayandtheriverPlatetoaconferenceatSaltatodeliberateastotheirfuturepolicy。In1605
FatherDiegoTorreswasnamedProvincialoftheJesuitsofParaguayandChile，thusprovingboththepaucityofJesuitsinSouthAmericaatthetime，andthelittleideatheGeneralinRomehadoftheimmensityofthecountrieshewasdealingwith。
BeforethisdatetheJesuitsinParaguayhadbeenundertheecclesiasticaljurisdictionoftheBishopsofPeru。
TorresarrivedinLimawithfifteenpriests，andalmostatthesametimesomeothersarrivedatBuenosAyres；bothpartiesproceededtoParaguay。
AlreadytheJesuitsfoundthemselvesapreytocalumny。
BothinTucumanandParaguaytheywereexpectedtolendthemselvestotheenslavementoftheIndians。InChileFatherValdiviawasexpelledfromSantiago，andtookrefugeatTucuman。TherehefoundtheconditionofaffairssointolerablethathewenttoMadridtosolicittheprotectionoftheKing，PhilipIII。，forhisIndiansubjects。
In1608PhilipissuedhisroyalletterspatenttotheSocietyofJesusfortheconversionoftheIndiansintheprovinceofGuayra。
TheBishopandtheGovernor，AriasdeSaavedrahimselfaParaguayanbybirth，offerednoobjection，andtheschemeofcolonizationwasagreeduponatonce。
ThustheJesuitsobtainedtheirfirstofficialstatusinAmerica。
FathersSimonMacetaandJoseCataldinobothItalians
leftAsunciononOctober10，1609，andarrivedinFebruary，1610，onthebanksoftheriverParanapane。
Paranapane=theWhiteParana，or，accordingtoothers，theParanawithoutfish。
TheretheymettheIndiansamongstwhomFieldsandOrtegahadbeguntolabour，andtheretheyfoundedtheReductionofLoreto，thefirstpermanentestablishmentinstitutedbytheJesuitsamongsttheGuaranis。Thus，inthewoodsofParaguay，uponatributaryoftheParanabutlittleknownevento
day，didtheSocietyofJesuslaythefirstfoundationoftheirfamousmissions。
ButlittlemorethanfiftyyearsfromthefoundationoftheirOrder，thushadtheypenetratedtowhatwasthen，andisperchanceto
day，aftertheirmissionsallareruined，oneoftheremotestcornersoftheworld。
Reduction`reduccion'wastheSpanishnameforamissionaryestablishment。
Theretheybuiltupthesystemwithwhichtheirnameislinkedforever
thesystemwhichfortwohundredyearswasabletoholdtogetherwanderingIndiantribes，restlessasArabs，suspiciousaboveeveryotherraceofmen
andwhichto
dayhasdisappeared，leavingnothingofalikenatureinalltheworld。
ChapterII
Earlydaysofthemissions
Newsettlementsfounded
RelationsofJesuitswithIndiansandSpanishcolonists
DestructionofmissionsbytheMamelucos
FatherMaceta
PadreAntonioRuizdeMontoya
Hisworkandinfluence
RetreatoftheJesuitsdowntheParanaItdoesnotseemdoubtfulbutthattheworkdonebyFathersOrtegaandFilds
hadbornesomefruit。PerhapsnotquiteafterthefashionthattheJesuitsbelieved；butwhenMacetaandCataldinoarrivedatGuayraandfoundedtheReductionofLoreto，theirsuccessatfirstwasofanaturethatalmostjustifiedtheepithet`miraculous'，anepithetwhichindeedallmenapplytoanyenterpriseoftheirswhichmeetssuccess。Almostfromthefirstinceptionofthemissions，theJesuitsfoundthemselvesinthestrangepositionof，thoughbeinghatedbytheSpanishsettlers，yetrecurredtoasmediatorswhenanyofthewildtribesprovedtoopowerfulfortheSpanisharms。Thus，farfromcities，farfromevensuchelementarycivilizationasParaguayshouldshow，almostupontheedgeofthegreatcataractoftheParana，theJesuitsfoundedtheirfirstreduction；towhichtheIndiansflockedinsuchnumbersthatasecondwassoonnecessary，towhichtheygavethenameofSanIgnacio，inmemoryofthefounderoftheirrule。
SomeoftheSpanishwritersrefertoFildsasPadreTomFilds。
HisrealnamewasFields，andhewasaScotchman。
ForthefirstfewyearsallwentwellwiththeJesuits。TheIndians，happytoescapethepersecutionsoftheSpaniardsontheonehand，andtheincursionsofthePaulistasontheother，flockedtothereductions，missionaftermissionwassoonformed，andthewildIndiansgatheredupintotownshipsandtaughttheartsofpeace。
ButthoughtheGuaranisatfirstenteredintotheJesuitreductionsasarefugeagainsttheirpersecutors，thePortugueseandSpaniards，soon，aswasonlynaturaltomenaccustomedtoawildforestlife，theyfoundtheJesuitdisciplinetooirksome，andoftenfledbacktothewoods。Thenthepoorpriest，leftwithouthisflock，hadtotakeupthetrailoftheflyingneophytes，followthemtotherecessesoftheforests，andpersuadethemtocomeback。
ThePaulistasweretheinhabitantsofthePortuguesenowBrazilian
townofSaoPaulo。Azara，whohatedtheJesuitshisbrother，DonNicolasdeAzara，havingbeenconcernedintheirexpulsion，saysthatfearofthePaulistascontributedtothesuccessoftheJesuitswiththeIndians。DeanFunes`HistoriadelParaguay'，etc。
saysjustasreasonablythatitwasfearoftheSpanishsettlers。
AsameanstosecuretheconfidenceoftheIndians，theJesuitsfoundthemselvesobligedtocommunicateasrarelyaspossiblewiththeSpanishsettlements。Thus，fromthefirstthepolicyofisolation，whichwasoneofthechiefchargesbroughtagainsttheOrderinlateryears，wasofnecessitybegun。Voltaire，noloverofreligiousOrders，saysoftheJesuits:`Whenin1768themissionsofParaguayleftthehandsoftheJesuits，theyhadarrivedatperhapsthehighestdegreeofcivilizationtowhichitispossibletoconductayoungpeople，andcertainlyatafarsuperiorstatethanthatwhichexistedintherestofthenewhemisphere。
Thelawswererespectedthere，moralswerepure，ahappybrotherhoodunitedeveryheart，alltheusefulartswereinaflourishingstate，andevensomeofthemoreagreeablesciences；plentywasuniversal。'
Therewas，however，aroyalOrder`cedulareal'whichappliedtoallAmerica，whichespeciallyprohibitedSpaniardsfromlivingintheIndiantowns，and，moreover，providedthatevenforpurposesoftradenoSpaniardshouldremainformorethanthreedaysinanIndiantown。
`HistoirePolitiqueetPhilosophiquedesIndes'，vol。i。，p。289
Gene\ve，1780。
Itis，however，toberememberedthatVoltairewroteasaphilosopher，andnotasaneconomist，andthathisstatementmostprobablywouldbetraversedbythosewhoseeadvancementratherinmaterialimprovementthaninmoralhappiness，forwithoutdoubt，inLimaandinMexicouponthewhole，societymusthavemadeamongsttheSpanishandSpanish
descendedcitizensgreateradvancesthanintheJesuitreductionsofParaguay。InsomerespectstheiralmostinaccessiblesituationclosetothecataractoftheParanawasfavourabletotheearlyJesuits，andinquicksuccessionthevillagesofLoreto，SanFranciscoXavier，SanJose，SanIgnacio，SanPedro，andothersoflessimportance，werefounded，containinginallaboutfortythousandsouls。
CretineauJoly，`HistoireReligieuse，PolitiqueetLitte/rairedelaCompagniedeJe/sus'，vol。iii。，cap。v。，p。322Paris，1846。
SointheJesuitreductionsoftheprovinceofGuayrawasfirstbegunthesystemoftreatingtheIndianskindly，andstandingbetweenthemandtheSpanishsettlers，whichmadetheCompanyofJesussohatedafterwardsinParaguay。
Littlebylittletheirinfluencegrew，sothatwhen，in1614，PadreAntonioRuizdeMontoyaarrived，hefoundthattherewerealreadyonehundredandnineteenJesuitsinGuayraandinParaguay。
OfalltheJesuitswho，duringthelongperiodoftheirlabours，appearedinParaguay，hewasthemostremarkable；oneofthemostlearnedmenoftheageinwhichhelived，heyetunitedinhimselfthequalitiesofamanofactiontothoseofscholarandofmissionary。
WithouthispresencemostlikelynotatenthpartoftheIndianswouldhaveescapedafterthedestructionofthemissionsofGuayrain1630and1631atthehandsofthehalf
civilizedhordesknownasPaulistasorMamalucos，whofromthecityofSanPaulocarriedfireandswordamongsttheGuaranis。
ItiseasytounderstandthattheSpanishcolonists，whohadlookedonalltheIndiansasslaves，wererenderedfuriousbytheadventoftheJesuits，whotreatedthemasmen。
To
daytheEuropeancolonistinAfricalabourslesstoenslavethantoexterminatethenatives；butifabodyofclergyofanysecthavingtheabnegationanddisregardofconsequencesoftheJesuitsofoldshouldarise，fancythefurythatwouldbeevokediftheyinsistedthatitwereastrulymurdertoslayablackmanasitistokillamanwhoseskiniswhite。Mostfortunately，ourclergyofto
day，especiallythoseofthevariouschurchesmilitantinUganda，thinkotherwise，andholdthatChristwasthefirstinventorofthe`colour
line'。
AtthefirstsettlementofSouthAmericagreatsemi
feudalfiefscalled`encomiendas'weregrantedtotheconquerors。Oneoftheconditionsoftheirtenurewasthatthe`encomenderos'theownersofthefiefs
`shouldseetothereligiouseducationoftheIndians'。
MuchthesamekindofthingastoenjoinkindnessandChristianforbearanceuponthedirectorsofamodernCharteredCompany。But，inadditiontothe`encomiendas'，twoothersystemswereinvoguecalled`yanaconas'and`mitayos'，whichwereinfactdesignedtoreducetheIndianstotheconditionofmereslaves。
Herrerasaysthatthe`"yanaconas"weremendestinedfrombirthtoperpetualslaveryandcaptivity，andintheirclothing，treatment，andtheconditionsoftheirtoil，weredifferentlytreatedfromfreemen。'
`HistoriaGeneraldeloshechosdelosCastellanosenlasIslasytierrafirmedelMarOceano'，decad。v。，lib。iv。，cap。xl。
InParaguaythese`yanaconas'wereknownas`IndiosOriginarios'，andgenerallyweredescendantsofIndiansconqueredinwar；they，too，wereinaconditionofserfdom。Theylivedinthehouseofthe`encomendero'，andcouldnotbesold，andthe`encomendero'wasintheoryobligednotonlytofeedandclothethem，buttoinstructtheminreligioustruths。
Inordertoseethattheseconditionsweredulycarriedout，visitorsweresenteachyeartohearwhatmutuallythe`encomenderos'andtheIndianshadtosay。
Herrera1describestheIndiansunderthe`mitayo'systembythenameof`mitayostindarunas'，explainingthattheword`tindaruna'
signifies`forcedlabour'。Thechiefshadtoprovideacertainnumberofthemeveryyeartoworkinminesandmanufactories，andsowellwasthelabourintheminesknowntobefatal，thattheIndiansuponbeingdrawnforservicedisposedofalltheirproperty，andnotinfrequentlydivorcedtheirwives。The`mitayos'wereatthebeginningIndianswhohadnotfoughtagainsttheSpaniards，buthadsubmittedtotheirrule。TheyweregroupedintownshipscomposedofportionsofatribeunderachieftowhomtheSpaniardsgavethepositionofAlcalde。Inthetownsthusformedonlythemenbetweeneighteenandfiftywereliabletobedrawnforserviceinthemines；
originallytheirtermofservicewasforonlytwomonthsintheyear，andfortheremainingtenmonthstheywereintheoryasfreeasweretheSpanishsettlers。By1612theabusesoftheirsystemhadsodiminishedthenumberoftheIndiansthatDonFranciscodeAlfarowasnamedbytheSpanishGovernmenttoreportuponit，andtoreformabuseswherehefounditpossible。HisreportdeclaredthattheGuaranisandGuaycurusshouldnotbemadeslavesof，anditabolishedintheirfavourtheforcedlabourwhichtheyhadpreviouslyendured。TheEuropeansettlersinAsuncionthoughtthatthiswasowingtotheinfluenceoftheJesuits，andthereforetheyexpelledthemfromthetown。RecalledtoSantiago，theyfoundedthereacollege，andthosewhoremainedinParaguaypushedonthemission
work。Brabo2pointsoutthatthefirsttwentyreductionsfoundedbytheCompanyofJesusweresettledinthefirsttwentyyearsfromtheirfirstappearanceintheland，3
andthatfromthefoundationoftheMissionofSt。GeorgethelastestablishedofthefirsttwentytownstothatofSanJoaquim，inthewildforestsoftheTaruma，theyemployedahundredandtwelveyears。
Intheintervaltheychieflyoccupiedthemselvesintheconsolidationoftheirfirstsettlements，andinvariousunsuccessfulattemptstoinstitutesimilarreductionsamongsttheIndiansoftheChacoacrosstheParaguay。
1`HistoriaGeneraldeloshechosdelosCastellanosenlasIslasytierrafirmedelMarOceano'，decad。v。，lib。x。，cap。lxxx。
2`Inventariosdelosbieneshalladosa/laExpulsiondelosJesuitas'
Madrid，1872。
3TheFranciscanshadalreadyfiveorsixsettlements。
ButwhilsttheJesuitsweresettlingtheirreductionsintheprovinceofGuayraandthoseupontheParanaandUruguay，anestofhawkslookedattheirneophytesaspigeonsreadyfatteningfortheiruse。Almosteighthundredmilesaway，atthecityofSanPaulodePiritinanga，inBrazil，astrangesocietyhadcomeintoexistencebydegrees。PeopledatfirstbyPortugueseandDutchadventurersandmalefactors，ithadbecomeanestofpiratesandahomeforallthedesperadoesofBrazilandParaguay。
Thisengagingpopulation，beinginwantofwiveswherebytopropagatetheirvirtues，tooktothemselvesIndiansandnegresses，andbredaraceworsetentimesthanwerethemselves，asoftenhappensbothinthecasesofMulattosandMestizosinAmerica。
UnderthenameofMamelucosgiventothemnooneknowswhy
theysoonbecametheterroroftheland。Equallyathomeonhorseback，incanoesupontherivers，orinschoonersonthesea，excellentmarksmenandcourageousfighters，theysubsistedchieflybyprocuringIndiansasslavesfortheplantationsinBrazil。
InashorttimetheyexhaustedalltheIndiansnearSanPaulo，andwereforcedtosearchfarinthedepthsoftheunknowninterior。
Littlebylittle，followingthecourseofthegreatriversintheircanoes，theyreachedtheJesuitsettlementsupontheupperwatersoftheParana，wheretheyburnedthetownsandthechurches，madecaptivesoftheconverts，andkilledthepriests。MontoyarelatesthataJesuit，havingclaspedanIndianinhisarmstosavehim，wasdelugedwithhisblood，aMamelucohavingcreptupbehindhimandplungedhislanceintotheIndianbehindtheJesuit'sback。TheMameluco，onbeing，asMontoyasays，`reprehended'bytheJesuit，dogmaticallyremarked，`IshallbesavedinspiteofGod，fortobesavedamanhasonlytobelieve，'
aremarkwhichshowedhimclearlyanhonestopponentoftheJesuits，astheyinsistedgreatlyonthedoctrineofgoodworks。
ThewordinBrazilisusedtodesignateahalf
breed，buttheetymologyseemsunknown。
`MehedesalvarapesardeDios，porqueparasalvarseelhombrenohamenestermasquecreer'RuizMontoya，`ConquistaEspiritual'。
MontoyaaddswithatouchofhumourquiteinCervantes'vein:
`Este，sabeyaporexperiencialafalsedaddesudoctrina，porquelematarondetresbalazos，sinconfesion。'
RuizMontoyaandotherstellusthattheplanofactionofthePaulistaswaseithertoattacktheJesuitreductionsonSunday，whenthesheepweregatheredinthefoldlisteningtoMass，surroundthechurch，murderthepriest，andcarryofftheneophytesasslaves；orelse，disguisedasJesuits，enteramission，gaintheconfidenceoftheIndians，andthencommunicatewiththeirsoldiers，whowerewaitinginthewoods。
Butnotcontentwiththis，itseems，sooftendidtheypractisesingingMasstopassasJesuits，thatonreturningtoSanPaulo，intheirorgies，theirgreatdiversionwastomasqueradeaspriests。Sothattherascalsnotonlyprofitedbytheirvillainy，butextractedmuchamusementfromtheirwickeddeeds。This，inMontoya'sopinion，wasevenmoredamnablethantheactualcrime。Andsonodoubtitwas，andweinEngland，byhavingmadeourviceasdullasvirtueisinotherlands，havegonesomewaytowardsmorality，forviceandvirtue，bothdeprivedofhumour，becomenotsofarseparatedassomevirtuousdullfolkmaythink。
TheMamelucossometimespushedtheirforaysrightthroughParaguayintothedistrictoftheMoxos，andPadrePatricioFernandez，inhiscurious`RelaciondelosIndiosChiquitos'Madrid，1726，relatestheiradventuresinthatfar
distantdistrict，andtheconflictswhichtheIndians，ledbytheirpriestsandhelpedbytheSpanishsettlers，sustained。
Quitenaturally，theseredoubtablelandandriverpiratessawintheJesuitreductionsupontheParanapane，andgenerallythroughoutthedistrictofGuayra，merelyanopportunityofcapturingmoreIndiansthanusualatahaul。In1629theyfirstappearedbeforetheMissionofSanAntonioanddestroyeditutterly，burningthechurchandhouses，anddrivingofftheIndianstosellasslaves。
SanMiguelandJesus
Mariashortlysufferedthesamefate。InConcepcionPadreSalazarwasregularlybesieged，andheandallthepeoplereducedtoeatingdogs，cats，rats，mice，andevensnakes。Atthelastmoment，whenabouttosurrender，FatherCataldino，hastilyarmingsomeIndianswithanyrudeweaponsathiscommand，marchedontheplaceandraisedthesiege。
AworthymemberoftheChurchmilitantthisexploring，fighting，intrepidItalianpriest，andonetheCompanyofJesusshouldhonour，fortohim，perhapsasmuchastoanyofthesefirstexplorersoftheUpperParana，iscreditdue。
ButstilltheMamelucosrantheircourse，destroyingtownaftertown，sothatintheshortspaceofayear1630
31theydestroyedpartiallythereductionsofSanFranciscoXavier，SanJose，SanPedro，andLaConcepcion；andthetwofirstfounded，SanIgnacioandLoreto，wereruinedutterly。ThewretchedIndians，towhombylawtheJesuitswereforbiddentoserveoutfirearms，stoodnochanceagainstthewell
trainedPaulistas，withtheirhorses，guns，andbloodhounds，assistedastheywerebytroopsofsavageIndianswhodischargedpoisonedarrowsfromblowpipesandfrombows。Smallwonderthat，asMontoya，Charlevoix，Lahier，1andFilibertoMonero2allagree，despairtookholdofthem，sothatinmanyinstancestheycursedtheJesuitsandfledbacktothewoods。WhenonereflectsthatmanyoftheIndiantribeslookeduponbaptismasapoison，3
itisnotstrangethattheyshouldhaveassociatedeffectwithcause，andsetdownalltheirsufferingstotheinfluenceofthemalignantritetowhichtheJesuitshadsubjectedthem。TheisolatedJesuitsranconsiderableriskfromtheirownsheep，andPadreMola，aftertheruinofSanAntonio，wassuspectedbythemofbeinginleaguewiththePaulistas，andhadtofleeforsafetytoanothertown；
andasatouchofcomedyisseldomwantingtomakethingsbitterertothoseinmisfortune，atroopofsavageIndians，havingarrivedtoattacktheReductionofSanAntonio，andfindingitalreadyburning，instantlythoughtpoorPadreMolahadbeentheinstigator，and，startingonhistrail，almostsurprisedhimbeforehereachedarefugefromtheirpatrioticrage。
1LahierFrancisciS。I。，`AnnaeParaguarie，Annor。1635，etduor。sequ。'
2`RelazionidellaProvinciadelParaguai'。
3Brabo。
Thusinthegreaterworldreformersofallsortshavenotinfrequentlyintimesofscarcityanddangerbeentakenbytheirprotegesfortheauthorsoftheirtrialsandstoned，whilstthesmugGovernmentwhichcausedtheruin，wellbolsteredupintheaffectionofits`taxables'，chuckled，serenelyconfidentintheunendingfollyofmankind。
MostcertainlytheJesuitsstruggledtodotheirdutytotheirneophytesinwhattheythoughttheysawwasright。OnfootandunattendedFathersMacetaandMansillafollowedthefifteenthousandcaptivestoBrazil，confessingthosewhofellupontheroadbeforetheydied，andinstantinsupplicationtothePaulistasfortheprisoners'release。
FatherMacetaespeciallybehavedheroically，carryingthechainsofthosewhocouldhardlydragthemselvesalong，himselfhalfdeadwithhungerandhisconstanttoil。EspeciallyhestrovetoeffectthereleaseofacaptivechiefcalledGuiravera，whohadbeenoneofhisbitterestenemies，andstrovesohardthataPaulistacaptain，eithertouchedbyhiszealorweariedwithhispleading，releasedthechief，hiswifeandfamily，andsixoftheIndiansofhistribe。
ThechiefreturnedtobecometheJesuits'bestfriend，andthetwopriestsonfootfollowedthecaptives'train。
Whattheyenduredonfootwithoutprovisions，torturedbyinsects，andindangerfromwildbeasts，aswellasconstantperilsfromthePaulistas，whonowandthenprickedthemwithlancesorfiredpistolsovertheirheadstofrightenthemaway，nonebutthosewhohavejourneyedintheforestsofthatforgottencorneroftheworldcanestimate。
Iseethemintheirtornandsun
brownedcassocksstrugglingthroughthe`esteros'1inwatertotheknees，fallingandrisingoft，afterthefashionofthesupposititiousChristianonlife'sway；
pushingalongthroughforestpathsacrosswhichdartedhumming
birds，nowcomingonadyingmanandkneelingbyhisside，nowgatheringtheberriesoftheguavirami2toeatupontheroad，andthenagaincatchingsightofajaguarasitslunkbesidethetrail，andallthetimeconvincedthatalltheirefforts，liketheeffortsofmostofthosewhostrive，wouldbeinvain。Sostumblingthroughthewoods，crossingtheriversoninflatedox
skins，bakedbythesunupontheopenplains，atlengththeJesuitsreachedSanPaulo，wheretheyhadacollege，andwithoutrestingsetatoncetowork。