True。
Andistherenotalsoatimeatwhichitassumesbeingandrelinquishesbeing—forhowcanithaveandnothavethesamethingunlessitreceivesandalsogivesitupat;sometime?
Impossible。
Andtheassumingofbeingiswhatyouwouldcallbecoming?
Ishould。
Andtherelinquishingofbeingyouwouldcalldestruction?
Ishould。
Theonethen,aswouldappear,becomesandisdestroyedbytakingandgivingupbeing。
Certainly。
Andbeingoneandmanyandinprocessofbecomingandbeingdestroyed,whenitbecomesoneitceasestobemany,andwhenmany,itceasestobeone?
Certainly。
Andasitbecomesoneandmany,mustitnotinevitablyexperienceseparationandaggregation?
Inevitably。
Andwheneveritbecomeslikeandunlikeitmustbeassimilatedanddissimilated?
Yes。
Andwhenitbecomesgreaterorlessorequalitmustgrowordiminishorbeequalized?
True。
Andwhenbeinginmotionitrests,andwhenbeingatrestitchangestomotion,itcansurelybeinnotimeatall?
Howcanit?
Butthatathingwhichispreviouslyatrestshouldbeafterwardsinmotion,orpreviouslyinmotionandafterwardsatrest,withoutexperiencingchange,isimpossible。
Impossible。
Andsurelytherecannotbeatimeinwhichathingcanbeatonceneitherinmotionnoratrest?
Therecannot。
Butneithercanitchangewithoutchanging。
True。
Whenthendoesitchange;foritcannotchangeeitherwhenatrest,orwheninmotion,orwhenintime?
Itcannot。
Anddoesthisstrangethinginwhichitisatthetimeofchangingreallyexist?
Whatthing?
Themoment。Forthemomentseemstoimplyasomethingoutofwhichchangetakesplaceintoeitheroftwostates;forthechangeisnotfromthestateofrestassuch,nor,fromthestateofmotionassuch;
butthereisthiscuriousnature,whichwecallthemomentlyingbetweenrestandmotion,notbeinginanytime;andintothisandoutofthiswhatisinmotionchangesintorest,andwhatisatrestintomotion。
Soitappears。
Andtheonethen,sinceitisatrestandalsoinmotion,willchangetoeither,foronlyinthiswaycanitbeinboth。Andinchangingitchangesinamoment,andwhenitischangingitwillbeinnotime,andwillnotthenbeeitherinmotionoratrest。
Itwillnot。
Anditwillbeinthesamecaseinrelationtotheotherchanges,whenitpassesfrombeingintocessationofbeing,orfromnot—beingintobecoming—thenitpassesbetweencertainstatesofmotionandrest,and,neitherisnorisnot,norbecomesnorisdestroyed。
Verytrue。
Andonthesameprinciple,inthepassagefromonetomanyandfrommanytoone,theoneisneitheronenormany,neitherseparatednoraggregated;andinthepassagefromliketounlike,andfromunliketolike,itisneitherlikenorunlike,neitherinastateofassimilationnorofdissimilation;andinthepassagefromsmalltogreatandequalandbackagain,itwillbeneithersmallnorgreat,norequal,norinastateofincrease,ordiminution,orequalization。
True。
Allthese,then,aretheaffectionsoftheone,iftheonehasbeing。
Ofcourse。
Butifoneis,whatwillhappentotheothers—isnotthatalsotobeconsidered?
Yes。
Letusshowthen,ifoneis,whatwillbetheaffectionsoftheothersthantheone。
Letusdoso。
Inasmuchastherearethingsotherthantheone,theothersarenottheone;foriftheyweretheycouldnotbeotherthantheone。
Verytrue。
Verytrue。
Noraretheothersaltogetherwithouttheone,butinacertainwaytheyparticipateintheone。
Inwhatway?
Becausetheothersareotherthantheoneinasmuchastheyhaveparts;foriftheyhadnopartstheywouldbesimplyone。
Right。
Andparts,asweaffirm,haverelationtoawhole?
Sowesay。
Andawholemustnecessarilybeonemadeupofmany;andthepartswillbepartsoftheone,foreachofthepartsisnotapartofmany,butofawhole。
Howdoyoumean?
Ifanythingwereapartofmany,beingitselfoneofthem,itwillsurelybeapartofitself,whichisimpossible,anditwillbeapartofeachoneoftheotherparts,ifofall;forifnotapartofsomeone,itwillbeapartofalltheothersbutthisone,andthuswillnotbeapartofeachone;andifnotapartofeach,oneitwillnotbeapartofanyoneofthemany;andnotbeingapartofanyone,itcannotbeapartoranythingelseofallthosethingsofnoneofwhichitisanything。
Clearlynot。
Thenthepartisnotapartofthemany,norofall,butisofacertainsingleform,whichwecallawhole,beingoneperfectunityframedoutofall—ofthisthepartwillbeapart。
Certainly。
If,then,theothershaveparts,theywillparticipateinthewholeandintheone。
True。
Thentheothersthantheonemustbeoneperfectwhole,havingparts。
Certainly。
Andthesameargumentholdsofeachpart,forthepartmustparticipateintheone;forifeachofthepartsisapart,thismeans,Isuppose,thatitisoneseparatefromtherestandself—related;otherwiseitisnoteach。
True。
Butwhenwespeakofthepartparticipatingintheone,itmustclearlybeotherthanone;forifnot,itwouldmerelyhaveparticipated,butwouldhavebeenone;whereasonlytheitselfcanbeone。
Verytrue。
Boththewholeandthepartmustparticipateintheone;forthewholewillbeonewhole,ofwhichthepartswillbeparts;andeachpartwillbeonepartofthewholewhichisthewholeofthepart。
True。
Andwillnotthethingswhichparticipateintheone,beotherthanit?
Ofcourse。
Andthethingswhichareotherthantheonewillbemany;forifthethingswhichareotherthantheonewereneitheronenormorethanone,theywouldbenothing。
True。
But,seeingthatthethingswhichparticipateintheoneasapart,andintheoneasawhole,aremorethanone,mustnotthoseverythingswhichparticipateintheonebeinfiniteinnumber?
Howso?
Letuslookatthematterthus:—Isitnotafactthatinpartakingoftheonetheyarenotone,anddonotpartakeoftheoneattheverytime。whentheyarepartakingofit?
Clearly。
Theydosothenasmultitudesinwhichtheoneisnotpresent?
Verytrue。
Andifweweretoabstractfromtheminideatheverysmallestfraction,mustnotthatleastfraction,ifitdoesnotpartakeoftheone,beamultitudeandnotone?
Itmust。
Andifwecontinuetolookattheothersideoftheirnature,regardedsimply,andinitself,willnotthey,asfarasweseethem,beunlimitedinnumber?
Certainly。
Andyet,wheneachseveralpartbecomesapart,thenthepartshavealimitinrelationtothewholeandtoeachother,andthewholeinrelationtotheparts。
Justso。
Theresulttotheothersthantheoneisthatofthemselvesandtheoneappearstocreateanewelementinthemwhichgivestothemlimitationinrelationtooneanother;whereasintheirownnaturetheyhavenolimit。
Thatisclear。
Thentheothersthantheone,bothaswholeandparts,areinfinite,andalsopartakeoflimit。
Certainly。
Thentheyarebothlikeandunlikeoneanotherandthemselves。
Howisthat?
Inasmuchastheyareunlimitedintheirownnature,theyareallaffectedinthesameway。
True。
Andinasmuchastheyallpartakeoflimit,theyareallaffectedinthesameway。
Ofcourse。
Butinasmuchastheirstateisbothlimitedandunlimited,theyareaffectedinoppositeways。
Yes。
Andoppositesarethemostunlikeofthings。
Certainly。
Considered,then,inregardtoeitheroneoftheiraffections,theywillbelikethemselvesandoneanother;consideredinreferencetobothofthemtogether,mostopposedandmostunlike。
Thatappearstobetrue。
Thentheothersarebothlikeandunlikethemselvesandoneanother?
True。
Andtheyarethesameandalsodifferentfromoneanother,andinmotionandatrest,andexperienceeverysortofoppositeaffection,asmaybeprovedwithoutdifficultyofthem,sincetheyhavebeenshowntohaveexperiencedtheaffectionsaforesaid?
True。
Suppose,now,thatweleavethefurtherdiscussionofthesemattersasevident,andconsideragainuponthehypothesisthattheoneis,whetheroppositeofallthisisorisnotequallytrueoftheothers。
Byallmeans。
Thenletusbeginagain,andask,Ifoneis,whatmustbetheaffectionsoftheothers?
Letusaskthatquestion。
Mustnottheonebedistinctfromtheothers,andtheothersfromtheone?
Whyso?
Why,becausethereisnothingelsebesidethemwhichisdistinctfrombothofthem;fortheexpression"oneandtheothers"includesallthings。