Yes,allthings。
Thenwecannotsupposethatthereisanythingdifferentfromtheminwhichboththeoneandtheothersmightexist?
Thereisnothing。
Thentheoneandtheothersareneverinthesame?
True。
Thentheyareseparatedfromeachother?
Yes。
Andwesurelycannotsaythatwhatistrulyonehasparts?
Impossible。
Thentheonewillnotbeintheothersasawhole,noraspart,ifitbeseparatedfromtheothers,andhasnoparts?
Impossible。
Thenthereisnowayinwhichtheotherscanpartakeoftheone,iftheydonotpartakeeitherinwholeorinpart?
Itwouldseemnot。
Thenthereisnowayinwhichtheothersareone,orhaveinthemselvesanyunity?
Thereisnot。
Noraretheothersmany;foriftheyweremany,eachpartofthemwouldbeapartofthewhole;butnowtheothers,notpartakinginanywayoftheone,areneitheronenormany,norwhole,norpart。
True。
Thentheothersneitherarenorcontaintwoorthree,ifentirelydeprivedoftheone?
True。
Thentheothersareneitherlikenorunliketheone,norislikenessandunlikenessinthem;foriftheywerelikeandunlike,orhadinthemlikenessandunlikeness,theywouldhavetwonaturesinthemoppositetooneanother。
Thatisclear。
Butforthatwhichpartakesofnothingtopartakeoftwothingswasheldbyustobeimpossible?
Impossible。
Thentheothersareneitherlikenorunlikenorboth,foriftheywerelikeorunliketheywouldpartakeofoneofthosetwonatures,whichwouldbeonething,andiftheywereboththeywouldpartakeofoppositeswhichwouldbetwothings,andthishasbeenshowntobeimpossible。
True。
Thereforetheyareneitherthesame,norother,norinmotion,noratrest,norinastateofbecoming,norofbeingdestroyed,norgreater,norless,norequal,norhavetheyexperiencedanythingelseofthesort;for,iftheyarecapableofexperiencinganysuchaffection,theywillparticipateinoneandtwoandthree,andoddandeven,andinthese,ashasbeenproved,theydonotparticipate,seeingthattheyarealtogetherandineverywaydevoidoftheone。
Verytrue。
Thereforeifoneis,theoneisallthings,andalsonothing,bothinrelationtoitselfandtootherthings。
Certainly。
Well,andoughtwenottoconsidernextwhatwillbetheconsequenceiftheoneisnot?
Yes;weought。
Whatisthemeaningofthehypothesis—Iftheoneisnot;isthereanydifferencebetweenthisandthehypothesis—Ifthenotoneisnot?
Thereisadifference,certainly。
Isthereadifferenceonly,orratherarenotthetwoexpressions—iftheoneisnot,andifthenotoneisnot,entirelyopposed?
Theyareentirelyopposed。
Andsupposeapersontosay:—Ifgreatnessisnot,ifsmallnessisnot,oranythingofthatsort,doeshenotmean,wheneverheusessuchanexpression,that"whatisnot"isotherthanotherthings?
Tobesure。
Andsowhenhesays"Ifoneisnot"heclearlymeans,thatwhat"isnot"isotherthanallothers;weknowwhathemeans—dowenot?
Yes,wedo。
Whenhesays"one,"hesayssomethingwhichisknown;andsecondlysomethingwhichisotherthanallotherthings;itmakesnodifferencewhetherhepredicateofonebeingornotbeing,forthatwhichissaid"nottobe"isknowntobesomethingallthesame,andisdistinguishedfromotherthings。
Certainly。
ThenIwillbeginagain,andask:Ifoneisnot,whataretheconsequences?Inthefirstplace,aswouldappear,thereisaknowledgeofit,ortheverymeaningofthewords,"ifoneisnot,"
wouldnotbeknown。
True。
Secondly,theothersdifferfromit,oritcouldnotbedescribedasdifferentfromtheothers?
Certainly。
Difference,then,belongstoitaswellasknowledge;forinspeakingoftheoneasdifferentfromtheothers,wedonotspeakofadifferenceintheothers,butintheone。
Clearlyso。
Moreover,theonethatisnotissomethingandpartakesofrelationto"that,"and"this,"and"these,"andthelike,andisanattributeof"this";fortheone,ortheothersthantheone,couldnothavebeenspokenof,norcouldanyattributeorrelativeoftheonethatisnothavebeenorbeenspokenof,norcouldithavebeensaidtobeanything,ifitdidnotpartakeof"some,"oroftheotherrelationsjustnowmentioned。
True。
Being,then,cannotbeascribedtotheone,sinceitisnot;buttheonethatisnotmayorrathermustparticipateinmanythings,ifitandnothingelseisnot;if,however,neithertheonenortheonethatisnotissupposednottobe,andwearespeakingofsomethingofadifferentnature,wecanpredicatenothingofit。Butsupposingthattheonethatisnotandnothingelseisnot,thenitmustparticipateinthepredicate"that,"andinmanyothers。
Certainly。
Anditwillhaveunlikenessinrelationtotheothers,fortheothersbeingdifferentfromtheonewillbeofadifferentkind。
Certainly。
Andarenotthingsofadifferentkindalsootherinkind?
Ofcourse。
Andarenotthingsotherinkindunlike?
Theyareunlike。
Andiftheyareunliketheone,thatwhichtheyareunlikewillclearlybeunlikethem?
Clearlyso。
Thentheonewillhaveunlikenessinrespectofwhichtheothersareunlikeit?
Thatwouldseemtobetrue。
Andifunlikenesstootherthingsisattributedtoit,itmusthavelikenesstoitself。
Howso?
Iftheonehaveunlikenesstoone,somethingelsemustbemeant;norwillthehypothesisrelatetoone;butitwillrelatetosomethingotherthanone?
Quiteso。
Butthatcannotbe。
No。
Thentheonemusthavelikenesstoitself?
Itmust。
Again,itisnotequaltotheothers;forifitwereequal,thenitwouldatoncebeandbeliketheminvirtueoftheequality;butifonehasnobeing,thenitcanneitherbenorbelike?
Itcannot。
Butsinceitisnotequaltotheothers,neithercantheothersbeequaltoit?
Certainlynot。
Andthingsthatarenotequalareunequal?
True。
Andtheyareunequaltoanunequal?
Ofcourse。
Thentheonepartakesofinequality,andinrespectofthistheothersareunequaltoit?
Verytrue。
Andinequalityimpliesgreatnessandsmallness?
Yes。
Thentheone,ifofsuchanature,hasgreatnessandsmallness?
Thatappearstobetrue。
Andgreatnessandsmallnessalwaysstandapart?
True。
Thenthereisalwayssomethingbetweenthem?
Thereis。
Andcanyouthinkofanythingelsewhichisbetweenthemotherthanequality?
No,itisequalitywhichliesbetweenthem。
Thenthatwhichhasgreatnessandsmallnessalsohasequality,whichliesbetweenthem?
Thatisclear。
Thentheone,whichisnot,partakes,aswouldappear,ofgreatnessandsmallnessandequality?
Clearly。
Further,itmustsurelyinasortpartakeofbeing?
Howso?
Itmustbeso,forifnot,thenweshouldnotspeakthetruthinsayingthattheoneisnot。Butifwespeakthetruth,clearlywemustsaywhatis。AmInotright?
Yes。
Andsinceweaffirmthatwespeaktruly,wemustalsoaffirmthatwesaywhatis?
Certainly。
Then,aswouldappear,theone,whenitisnot,is;forifitwerenottobewhenitisnot,butweretorelinquishsomethingofbeing,soastobecomenot—being,itwouldatoncebe。
Quitetrue。
Thentheonewhichisnot,ifitistomaintainitself,musthavethebeingofnot—beingasthebondofnot—being,justasbeingmusthaveasabondthenot—beingofnot—beinginordertoperfectitsownbeing;forthetruestassertionofthebeingofbeingandofthenot—beingofnotbeingiswhenbeingpartakesofthebeingofbeing,andnotofthebeingofnot—being—thatis,theperfectionofbeing;
andwhennot—beingdoesnotpartakeofthenot—beingofnot—beingbutofthebeingofnot—being—thatistheperfectionofnot—being。
Mosttrue。
Sincethenwhatispartakesofnot—being,andwhatisnotofbeing,mustnottheonealsopartakeofbeinginordernottobe?
Certainly。
Thentheone,ifitisnot,clearlyhasbeing?
Clearly。
Andhasnot—beingalso,ifitisnot?
Ofcourse。
Butcananythingwhichisinacertainstatenotbeinthatstatewithoutchanging?
Impossible。
Theneverythingwhichisandisnotinacertainstate,implieschange?
Certainly。
Andchangeismotion—wemaysaythat?
Yes,motion。