TheprisontowhichthenewministryweredoomingtheNationalAssembly,inadditiontoitsbeingthehighaltarandcastleofdespotism,becametheproperobjecttobeginwith。Thisenterprisebrokeupthenewministry,whobegannowtoflyfromtheruintheyhadpreparedforothers。ThetroopsofBrogliodispersed,andhimselffledalso。
　　Mr。Burkehasspokenagreatdealaboutplots,buthehasneveroncespokenofthisplotagainsttheNationalAssembly,andthelibertiesofthenation;andthathemightnot,hehaspassedoverallthecircumstancesthatmightthrowitinhisway。TheexileswhohavefledfromFrance,whosecasehesomuchinterestshimselfin,andfromwhomhehashadhislesson,fledinconsequenceofthemiscarriageofthisplot。Noplotwasformedagainstthem;theywereplottingagainstothers;andthosewhofell,met,notunjustly,thepunishmenttheywerepreparingtoexecute。ButwillMr。
　　Burkesaythatifthisplot,contrivedwiththesubtiltyofanambuscade,hadsucceeded,thesuccessfulpartywouldhaverestrainedtheirwrathsosoon？Letthehistoryofallgovernmentsanswerthequestion。
　　WhomhastheNationalAssemblybroughttothescaffold？None。Theywerethemselvesthedevotedvictimsofthisplot,andtheyhavenotretaliated;
　　why,then,aretheychargedwithrevengetheyhavenotacted？Inthetremendousbreakingforthofawholepeople,inwhichalldegrees,tempersandcharactersareconfounded,deliveringthemselves,byamiracleofexertion,fromthedestructionmeditatedagainstthem,isittobeexpectedthatnothingwillhappen？Whenmenaresorewiththesenseofoppressions,andmenacedwiththeprospectsofnewones,isthecalmnessofphilosophyorthepalsyofinsensibilitytobelookedfor？Mr。Burkeexclaimsagainstoutrage;yetthegreatestisthatwhichhimselfhascommitted。Hisbookisavolumeofoutrage,notapologisedforbytheimpulseofamoment,butcherishedthroughaspaceoftenmonths;yetMr。Burkehadnoprovocation—nolife,nointerest,atstake。
　　Moreofthecitizensfellinthisstrugglethanoftheiropponents:
　　butfourorfivepersonswereseizedbythepopulace,andinstantlyputtodeath;theGovernoroftheBastille,andtheMayorofParis,whowasdetectedintheactofbetrayingthem;andafterwardsFoulon,oneofthenewministry,andBerthier,hisson—in—law,whohadacceptedtheofficeofintendantofParis。Theirheadswerestuckuponspikes,andcarriedaboutthecity;anditisuponthismodeofpunishmentthatMr。Burkebuildsagreatpartofhistragicscene。Letusthereforeexaminehowmencamebytheideaofpunishinginthismanner。
　　Theylearnitfromthegovernmentstheyliveunder;andretaliatethepunishmentstheyhavebeenaccustomedtobehold。Theheadsstuckuponspikes,whichremainedforyearsuponTempleBar,differednothinginthehorrorofthescenefromthosecarriedaboutuponspikesatParis;yetthiswasdonebytheEnglishGovernment。Itmayperhapsbesaidthatitsignifiesnothingtoamanwhatisdonetohimafterheisdead;butitsignifiesmuchtotheliving;iteithertorturestheirfeelingsorhardenstheirhearts,andineithercaseitinstructsthemhowtopunishwhenpowerfallsintotheirhands。
　　Laythentheaxetotheroot,andteachgovernmentshumanity。Itistheirsanguinarypunishmentswhichcorruptmankind。InEnglandthepunishmentincertaincasesisbyhanging,drawingandquartering;theheartofthesuffereriscutoutandhelduptotheviewofthepopulace。InFrance,undertheformerGovernment,thepunishmentswerenotlessbarbarous。WhodoesnotremembertheexecutionofDamien,torntopiecesbyhorses？Theeffectofthosecruelspectaclesexhibitedtothepopulaceistodestroytendernessorexciterevenge;andbythebaseandfalseideaofgoverningmenbyterror,insteadofreason,theybecomeprecedents。Itisoverthelowestclassofmankindthatgovernmentbyterrorisintendedtooperate,anditisonthemthatitoperatestotheworsteffect。Theyhavesenseenoughtofeeltheyaretheobjectsaimedat;andtheyinflictintheirturntheexamplesofterrortheyhavebeeninstructedtopractise。
　　ThereisinallEuropeancountriesalargeclassofpeopleofthatdescription,whichinEnglandiscalledthe"mob。"OfthisclasswerethosewhocommittedtheburningsanddevastationsinLondonin1780,andofthisclasswerethosewhocarriedtheheadsonironspikesinParis。FoulonandBerthierweretakenupinthecountry,andsenttoParis,toundergotheirexaminationattheHoteldeVille;fortheNationalAssembly,immediatelyonthenewministrycomingintooffice,passedadecree,whichtheycommunicatedtotheKingandCabinet,thatthey（theNationalAssembly）wouldholdtheministry,ofwhichFoulonwasone,responsibleforthemeasurestheywereadvisingandpursuing;butthemob,incensedattheappearanceofFoulonandBerthier,torethemfromtheirconductorsbeforetheywerecarriedtotheHoteldeVille,andexecutedthemonthespot。WhythendoesMr。
　　Burkechargeoutragesofthiskindonawholepeople？Aswellmayhechargetheriotsandoutragesof1780onallthepeopleofLondon,orthoseinIrelandonallhiscountrymen。
　　Buteverythingweseeorhearoffensivetoourfeelingsandderogatorytothehumancharactershouldleadtootherreflectionsthanthoseofreproach。
　　Eventhebeingswhocommitthemhavesomeclaimtoourconsideration。Howthenisitthatsuchvastclassesofmankindasaredistinguishedbytheappellationofthevulgar,ortheignorantmob,aresonumerousinalloldcountries？Theinstantweaskourselvesthisquestion,reflectionfeelsananswer。Theyrise,asanunavoidableconsequence,outoftheillconstructionofalloldgovernmentsinEurope,Englandincludedwiththerest。Itisbydistortedlyexaltingsomemen,thatothersaredistortedlydebased,tillthewholeisoutofnature。Avastmassofmankindaredegradedlythrownintotheback—groundofthehumanpicture,tobringforward,withgreaterglare,thepuppet—showofstateandaristocracy。Inthecommencementofarevolution,thosemenareratherthefollowersofthecampthanofthestandardofliberty,andhaveyettobeinstructedhowtoreverenceit。
　　IgivetoMr。Burkeallhistheatricalexaggerationsforfacts,andIthenaskhimiftheydonotestablishthecertaintyofwhatIherelaydown？Admittingthemtobetrue,theyshowthenecessityoftheFrenchRevolution,asmuchasanyonethinghecouldhaveasserted。TheseoutrageswerenottheeffectoftheprinciplesoftheRevolution,butofthedegradedmindthatexistedbeforetheRevolution,andwhichtheRevolutioniscalculatedtoreform。Placethemthentotheirpropercause,andtakethereproachofthemtoyourownside。
　　ItisthehonouroftheNationalAssemblyandthecityofParisthat,duringsuchatremendoussceneofarmsandconfusion,beyondthecontrolofallauthority,theyhavebeenable,bytheinfluenceofexampleandexhortation,torestrainsomuch。Neverweremorepainstakentoinstructandenlightenmankind,andtomakethemseethattheirinterestconsistedintheirvirtue,andnotintheirrevenge,thanhavebeendisplayedintheRevolutionofFrance。InowproceedtomakesomeremarksonMr。Burke'saccountoftheexpeditiontoVersailles,Octoberthe5thand6th。
　　IcanconsiderMr。Burke'sbookinscarcelyanyotherlightthanadramaticperformance;andhemust,Ithink,haveconsidereditinthesamelighthimself,bythepoeticallibertieshehastakenofomittingsomefacts,distortingothers,andmakingthewholemachinerybendtoproduceastageeffect。OfthiskindishisaccountoftheexpeditiontoVersailles。Hebeginsthisaccountbyomittingtheonlyfactswhichascausesareknowntobetrue;everythingbeyondtheseisconjecture,eveninParis;andhethenworksupataleaccommodatedtohisownpassionsandprejudices。
　　ItistobeobservedthroughoutMr。Burke'sbookthatheneverspeaksofplotsagainsttheRevolution;anditisfromthoseplotsthatallthemischiefshavearisen。Itsuitshispurposetoexhibittheconsequenceswithouttheircauses。Itisoneoftheartsofthedramatodoso。Ifthecrimesofmenwereexhibitedwiththeirsufferings,stageeffectwouldsometimesbelost,andtheaudiencewouldbeinclinedtoapprovewhereitwasintendedtheyshouldcommiserate。
　　Afteralltheinvestigationsthathavebeenmadeintothisintricateaffair（theexpeditiontoVersailles）,itstillremainsenvelopedinallthatkindofmysterywhicheveraccompanieseventsproducedmorefromaconcurrenceofawkwardcircumstancesthanfromfixeddesign。Whilethecharactersofmenareforming,asisalwaysthecaseinrevolutions,thereisareciprocalsuspicion,andadispositiontomisinterpreteachother;
　　andevenpartiesdirectlyoppositeinprinciplewillsometimesconcurinpushingforwardthesamemovementwithverydifferentviews,andwiththehopesofitsproducingverydifferentconsequences。Agreatdealofthismaybediscoveredinthisembarrassedaffair,andyettheissueofthewholewaswhatnobodyhadinview。
　　TheonlythingscertainlyknownarethatconsiderableuneasinesswasatthistimeexcitedatParisbythedelayoftheKinginnotsanctioningandforwardingthedecreesoftheNationalAssembly,particularlythatoftheDeclarationoftheRightsofMan,andthedecreesofthefourthofAugust,whichcontainedthefoundationprinciplesonwhichtheconstitutionwastobeerected。Thekindest,andperhapsthefairestconjectureuponthismatteris,thatsomeoftheministersintendedtomakeremarksandobservationsuponcertainpartsofthembeforetheywerefinallysanctionedandsenttotheprovinces;butbethisasitmay,theenemiesoftheRevolutionderivedhopefromthedelay,andthefriendsoftheRevolutionuneasiness。
　　Duringthisstateofsuspense,theGardeduCorps,whichwascomposedassuchregimentsgenerallyare,ofpersonsmuchconnectedwiththeCourt,gaveanentertainmentatVersailles（October1）tosomeforeignregimentsthenarrived;andwhentheentertainmentwasattheheight,onasignalgiven,theGardeduCorpstorethenationalcockadefromtheirhats,trampleditunderfoot,andreplaceditwithacounter—cockadepreparedforthepurpose。Anindignityofthiskindamountedtodefiance。Itwaslikedeclaringwar;andifmenwillgivechallengestheymustexpectconsequences。ButallthisMr。Burkehascarefullykeptoutofsight。Hebeginshisaccountbysaying:"Historywillrecordthatonthemorningofthe6thOctober,1789,theKingandQueenofFrance,afteradayofconfusion,alarm,dismay,andslaughter,laydownunderthepledgedsecurityofpublicfaithtoindulgenatureinafewhoursofrespite,andtroubledmelancholyrepose。"Thisisneitherthesoberstyleofhistory,northeintentionofit。Itleaveseverythingtobeguessedatandmistaken。Onewouldatleastthinktherehadbeenabattle;andabattlethereprobablywouldhavebeenhaditnotbeenforthemoderatingprudenceofthosewhomMr。Burkeinvolvesinhiscensures。ByhiskeepingtheGardeduCorpsoutofsightMr。BurkehasaffordedhimselfthedramaticlicenceofputtingtheKingandQueenintheirplaces,asiftheobjectoftheexpeditionwasagainstthem。Buttoreturntomyaccount—
　　ThisconductoftheGardeduCorps,asmightwellbeexpected,alarmedandenragedthePartisans。Thecolorsofthecause,andthecauseitself,werebecometoounitedtomistaketheintentionoftheinsult,andthePartisansweredeterminedtocalltheGardeduCorpstoanaccount。Therewascertainlynothingofthecowardiceofassassinationinmarchinginthefaceofthedaytodemandsatisfaction,ifsuchaphrasemaybeused,ofabodyofarmedmenwhohadvoluntarilygivendefiance。Butthecircumstancewhichservestothrowthisaffairintoembarrassmentis,thattheenemiesoftheRevolutionappeartohaveencourageditaswellasitsfriends。
　　Theonehopedtopreventacivilwarbycheckingitintime,andtheothertomakeone。ThehopesofthoseopposedtotheRevolutionrestedinmakingtheKingoftheirparty,andgettinghimfromVersaillestoMetz,wheretheyexpectedtocollectaforceandsetupastandard。Wehave,therefore,twodifferentobjectspresentingthemselvesatthesametime,andtobeaccomplishedbythesamemeans:theonetochastisetheGardeduCorps,whichwastheobjectofthePartisans;theothertorendertheconfusionofsuchasceneaninducementtotheKingtosetoffforMetz。
　　Onthe5thofOctoberaverynumerousbodyofwomen,andmeninthedisguiseofwomen,collectedaroundtheHoteldeVilleortown—hallatParis,andsetoffforVersailles。TheirprofessedobjectwastheGardeduCorps;butprudentmenreadilyrecollectthatmischiefismoreeasilybegunthanended;andthisimpresseditselfwiththemoreforcefromthesuspicionsalreadystated,andtheirregularityofsuchacavalcade。Assoon,therefore,asasufficientforcecouldbecollected,M。delaFayette,byordersfromthecivilauthorityofParis,setoffafterthemattheheadoftwentythousandoftheParismilitia。TheRevolutioncouldderivenobenefitfromconfusion,anditsopposersmight。Byanamiableandspiritedmannerofaddresshehadhithertobeenfortunateincalmingdisquietudes,andinthishewasextraordinarilysuccessful;tofrustrate,therefore,thehopesofthosewhomightseektoimprovethissceneintoasortofjustifiablenecessityfortheKing'squittingVersaillesandwithdrawingtoMetz,andtopreventatthesametimetheconsequencesthatmightensuebetweentheGardeduCorpsandthisphalanxofmenandwomen,heforwardedexpressestotheKing,thathewasonhismarchtoVersailles,bytheordersofthecivilauthorityofParis,forthepurposeofpeaceandprotection,expressingatthesametimethenecessityofrestrainingtheGardeduCorpsfromfiringuponthepeople。*[3]
　　HearrivedatVersaillesbetweentenandelevenatnight。TheGardeduCorpswasdrawnup,andthepeoplehadarrivedsometimebefore,buteverythinghadremainedsuspended。Wisdomandpolicynowconsistedinchangingasceneofdangerintoahappyevent。M。delaFayettebecamethemediatorbetweentheenragedparties;andtheKing,toremovetheuneasinesswhichhadarisenfromthedelayalreadystated,sentforthePresidentoftheNationalAssembly,andsignedtheDeclarationoftheRightsofMan,andsuchotherpartsoftheconstitutionaswereinreadiness。
　　Itwasnowaboutoneinthemorning。Everythingappearedtobecomposed,andageneralcongratulationtookplace。BythebeatofadrumaproclamationwasmadethatthecitizensofVersailleswouldgivethehospitalityoftheirhousestotheirfellow—citizensofParis。Thosewhocouldnotbeaccommodatedinthismannerremainedinthestreets,ortookuptheirquartersinthechurches;andattwoo'clocktheKingandQueenretired。
　　Inthisstatematterspassedtillthebreakofday,whenafreshdisturbancearosefromthecensurableconductofsomeofbothparties,forsuchcharacterstherewillbeinallsuchscenes。OneoftheGardeduCorpsappearedatoneofthewindowsofthepalace,andthepeoplewhohadremainedduringthenightinthestreetsaccostedhimwithrevilingandprovocativelanguage。
　　Insteadofretiring,asinsuchacaseprudencewouldhavedictated,hepresentedhismusket,fired,andkilledoneoftheParismilitia。Thepeacebeingthusbroken,thepeoplerushedintothepalaceinquestoftheoffender。
　　TheyattackedthequartersoftheGardeduCorpswithinthepalace,andpursuedthemthroughouttheavenuesofit,andtotheapartmentsoftheKing。Onthistumult,nottheQueenonly,asMr。Burkehasrepresentedit,buteverypersoninthepalace,wasawakenedandalarmed;andM。delaFayettehadasecondtimetointerposebetweentheparties,theeventofwhichwasthattheGardeduCorpsputonthenationalcockade,andthematterendedasbyoblivion,afterthelossoftwoorthreelives。
　　Duringthelatterpartofthetimeinwhichthisconfusionwasacting,theKingandQueenwereinpublicatthebalcony,andneitherofthemconcealedforsafety'ssake,asMr。Burkeinsinuates。Mattersbeingthusappeased,andtranquilityrestored,ageneralacclamationbrokeforthofLeRoiaParis—LeRoiaParis—TheKingtoParis。Itwastheshoutofpeace,andimmediatelyacceptedonthepartoftheKing。BythismeasureallfutureprojectsoftrapanningtheKingtoMetz,andsettingupthestandardofoppositiontotheconstitution,wereprevented,andthesuspicionsextinguished。
　　TheKingandhisfamilyreachedParisintheevening,andwerecongratulatedontheirarrivalbyM。Bailly,theMayorofParis,inthenameofthecitizens。
　　Mr。Burke,whothroughouthisbookconfoundsthings,persons,andprinciples,asinhisremarksonM。Bailly'saddress,confoundedtimealso。HecensuresM。Baillyforcallingit"unbonjour,"agoodday。Mr。Burkeshouldhaveinformedhimselfthatthisscenetookupthespaceoftwodays,thedayonwhichitbeganwitheveryappearanceofdangerandmischief,andthedayonwhichitterminatedwithoutthemischiefsthatthreatened;andthatitistothispeacefulterminationthatM。Baillyalludes,andtothearrivaloftheKingatParis。NotlessthanthreehundredthousandpersonsarrangedthemselvesintheprocessionfromVersaillestoParis,andnotanactofmolestationwascommittedduringthewholemarch。
　　Mr。BurkeontheauthorityofM。LallyTollendal,adeserterfromtheNationalAssembly,saysthatonenteringParis,thepeopleshouted"Touslesevequesalalanterne。"AllBishopstobehangedatthelanthornorlamp—posts。ItissurprisingthatnobodycouldhearthisbutLallyTollendal,andthatnobodyshouldbelieveitbutMr。Burke。Ithasnottheleastconnectionwithanypartofthetransaction,andistotallyforeigntoeverycircumstanceofit。TheBishopshadneverbeenintroducedbeforeintoanysceneofMr。
　　Burke'sdrama:whythenarethey,allatonce,andaltogether,toutacoup,ettousensemble,introducednow？Mr。BurkebringsforwardhisBishopsandhislanthorn—likefiguresinamagiclanthorn,andraiseshisscenesbycontrastinsteadofconnection。Butitservestoshow,withtherestofhisbookwhatlittlecreditoughttobegivenwhereevenprobabilityissetatdefiance,forthepurposeofdefaming;andwiththisreflection,insteadofasoliloquyinpraiseofchivalry,asMr。Burkehasdone,I
　　closetheaccountoftheexpeditiontoVersailles。*[4]
　　IhavenowtofollowMr。Burkethroughapathlesswildernessofrhapsodies,andasortofdescantupongovernments,inwhichheassertswhateverhepleases,onthepresumptionofitsbeingbelieved,withoutofferingeitherevidenceorreasonsforsodoing。
　　Beforeanythingcanbereasonedupontoaconclusion,certainfacts,principles,ordata,toreasonfrom,mustbeestablished,admitted,ordenied。Mr。Burkewithhisusualoutrage,abusedtheDeclarationoftheRightsofMan,publishedbytheNationalAssemblyofFrance,asthebasisonwhichtheconstitutionofFranceisbuilt。Thishecalls"paltryandblurredsheetsofpaperabouttherightsofman。"DoesMr。Burkemeantodenythatmanhasanyrights？Ifhedoes,thenhemustmeanthattherearenosuchthingsasrightsanywhere,andthathehasnonehimself;forwhoisthereintheworldbutman？ButifMr。Burkemeanstoadmitthatmanhasrights,thequestionthenwillbe:Whatarethoserights,andhowmancamebythemoriginally？
　　Theerrorofthosewhoreasonbyprecedentsdrawnfromantiquity,respectingtherightsofman,isthattheydonotgofarenoughintoantiquity。Theydonotgothewholeway。Theystopinsomeoftheintermediatestagesofanhundredorathousandyears,andproducewhatwasthendone,asaruleforthepresentday。Thisisnoauthorityatall。Ifwetravelstillfartherintoantiquity,weshallfindadirectcontraryopinionandpracticeprevailing;
　　andifantiquityistobeauthority,athousandsuchauthoritiesmaybeproduced,successivelycontradictingeachother;butifweproceedon,weshallatlastcomeoutright;weshallcometothetimewhenmancamefromthehandofhisMaker。Whatwashethen？Man。Manwashishighandonlytitle,andahighercannotbegivenhim。ButoftitlesIshallspeakhereafter。
　　Wearenowgotattheoriginofman,andattheoriginofhisrights。
　　Astothemannerinwhichtheworldhasbeengovernedfromthatdaytothis,itisnofartheranyconcernofoursthantomakeaproperuseoftheerrorsortheimprovementswhichthehistoryofitpresents。Thosewholivedanhundredorathousandyearsago,werethenmoderns,aswearenow。Theyhadtheirancients,andthoseancientshadothers,andwealsoshallbeancientsinourturn。Ifthemerenameofantiquityistogovernintheaffairsoflife,thepeoplewhoaretoliveanhundredorathousandyearshence,mayaswelltakeusforaprecedent,aswemakeaprecedentofthosewholivedanhundredorathousandyearsago。Thefactis,thatportionsofantiquity,byprovingeverything,establishnothing。
　　Itisauthorityagainstauthorityalltheway,tillwecometothedivineoriginoftherightsofmanatthecreation。Hereourenquiriesfindaresting—place,andourreasonfindsahome。Ifadisputeabouttherightsofmanhadarisenatthedistanceofanhundredyearsfromthecreation,itistothissourceofauthoritytheymusthavereferred,anditistothissamesourceofauthoritythatwemustnowrefer。
　　ThoughImeannottotouchuponanysectarianprincipleofreligion,yetitmaybeworthobserving,thatthegenealogyofChrististracedtoAdam。Whythennottracetherightsofmantothecreationofman？Iwillanswerthequestion。Becausetherehavebeenupstartgovernments,thrustingthemselvesbetween,andpresumptuouslyworkingtoun—makeman。
　　Ifanygenerationofmeneverpossessedtherightofdictatingthemodebywhichtheworldshouldbegovernedforever,itwasthefirstgenerationthatexisted;andifthatgenerationdiditnot,nosucceedinggenerationcanshowanyauthorityfordoingit,norcansetanyup。Theilluminatinganddivineprincipleoftheequalrightsofman（forithasitsoriginfromtheMakerofman）relates,notonlytothelivingindividuals,buttogenerationsofmensucceedingeachother。Everygenerationisequalinrightstogenerationswhichprecededit,bythesamerulethateveryindividualisbornequalinrightswithhiscontemporary。
　　Everyhistoryofthecreation,andeverytraditionaryaccount,whetherfromtheletteredorunletteredworld,howevertheymayvaryintheiropinionorbeliefofcertainparticulars,allagreeinestablishingonepoint,theunityofman;bywhichImeanthatmenareallofonedegree,andconsequentlythatallmenarebornequal,andwithequalnaturalright,inthesamemannerasifposterityhadbeencontinuedbycreationinsteadofgeneration,thelatterbeingtheonlymodebywhichtheformeriscarriedforward;
　　andconsequentlyeverychildbornintotheworldmustbeconsideredasderivingitsexistencefromGod。Theworldisasnewtohimasitwastothefirstmanthatexisted,andhisnaturalrightinitisofthesamekind。
　　TheMosaicaccountofthecreation,whethertakenasdivineauthorityormerelyhistorical,isfulltothispoint,theunityorequalityofman。
　　Theexpressionadmitsofnocontroversy。"AndGodsaid,Letusmakemaninourownimage。IntheimageofGodcreatedhehim;maleandfemalecreatedhethem。"Thedistinctionofsexesispointedout,butnootherdistinctionisevenimplied。Ifthisbenotdivineauthority,itisatleasthistoricalauthority,andshowsthattheequalityofman,sofarfrombeingamoderndoctrine,istheoldestuponrecord。
　　Itisalsotobeobservedthatallthereligionsknownintheworldarefounded,sofarastheyrelatetoman,ontheunityofman,asbeingallofonedegree。Whetherinheavenorinhell,orinwhateverstatemanmaybesupposedtoexisthereafter,thegoodandthebadaretheonlydistinctions。
　　Nay,eventhelawsofgovernmentsareobligedtoslideintothisprinciple,bymakingdegreestoconsistincrimesandnotinpersons。
　　Itisoneofthegreatestofalltruths,andofthehighestadvantagetocultivate。Byconsideringmaninthislight,andbyinstructinghimtoconsiderhimselfinthislight,itplaceshiminacloseconnectionwithallhisduties,whethertohisCreatorortothecreation,ofwhichheisapart;anditisonlywhenheforgetshisorigin,or,touseamorefashionablephrase,hisbirthandfamily,thathebecomesdissolute。ItisnotamongtheleastoftheevilsofthepresentexistinggovernmentsinallpartsofEuropethatman,consideredasman,isthrownbacktoavastdistancefromhisMaker,andtheartificialchasmfilledupwithasuccessionofbarriers,orsortofturnpikegates,throughwhichhehastopass。IwillquoteMr。Burke'scatalogueofbarriersthathehassetupbetweenmanandhisMaker。Puttinghimselfinthecharacterofaherald,hesays:"WefearGod—welookwithawetokings—withaffectiontoParliamentswithdutytomagistrates—withreverencetopriests,andwithrespecttonobility。"Mr。Burkehasforgottentoputin"'chivalry。"HehasalsoforgottentoputinPeter。