articleon"CharlesDarwin"（’Nature’Series，1882）。）Thestateofknowledge，asregardstheCirripedes，wasmostunsatisfactoryatthetimethatmyfatherbegantoworkatthem。Asanillustrationofthisfact，itmaybementionedthathehadeventore—organisethenomenclatureofthegroup，or，asheexpressedit，he"unwillinglyfounditindispensabletogivenamestoseveralvalves，andtosomefewofthesofterpartsofCirripedes。"（Vol。i。page3。）Itisinterestingtolearnfromhisdiarytheamountoftimewhichhegavetodifferentgenera。ThusthegenusChthamalus，thedescriptionofwhichoccupiestwenty—twopages，occupiedhimforthirty—sixdays;Coronulatooknineteendays，andisdescribedintwenty—sevenpages。WritingtoFitz—Roy，hespeaksofbeing"forthelasthalf—monthdailyhardatworkindissectingalittleanimalaboutthesizeofapin’shead，fromtheChonosarchipelago，andIcouldspendanothermonth，anddailyseemorebeautifulstructure。"
Thoughhebecameexcessivelywearyoftheworkbeforetheendoftheeightyears，hehadmuchkeenenjoymentinthecourseofit。ThushewrotetoSirJ。D。Hooker（1847？）:——"Asyousay，thereisanextraordinarypleasureinpureobservation;notbutwhatIsuspectthepleasureinthiscaseisratherderivedfromcomparisonsforminginone’smindwithalliedstructures。Afterhavingbeensolongemployedinwritingmyoldgeologicalobservations，itisdelightfultouseone’seyesandfingersagain。"Itwas，infact，areturntotheworkwhichoccupiedsomuchofhistimewhenatseaduringhisvoyage。Hiszoologicalnotesofthatperiodgiveanimpressionofvigorouswork，hamperedbyignoranceandwantofappliances。Andhisuntiringindustryinthedissectionofmarineanimals，especiallyofCrustacea，musthavebeenofvaluetohimastrainingforhisCirripedework。Mostofhisworkwasdonewiththesimpledissectingmicroscope——butitwastheneedwhichhefoundforhigherpowersthatinducedhim，in1846，tobuyacompoundmicroscope。HewrotetoHooker:——"WhenIwasdrawingwithL。，Iwassodelightedwiththeappearanceoftheobjects，especiallywiththeirperspective，asseenthroughtheweakpowersofagoodcompoundmicroscope，thatIamgoingtoorderone;indeed，Ioftenhavestructuresinwhichthe1/30isnotpowerenough。"
Duringpartofthetimecoveredbythepresentchapter，myfathersufferedperhapsmorefromill—healththanatanyothertimeofhislife。Hefeltseverelythedepressinginfluenceoftheselongyearsofillness;thusasearlyas1840hewrotetoFox:"Iamgrownadull，old，spiritlessdogtowhatIusedtobe。OnegetsstupiderasonegrowsolderIthink。"Itisnotwonderfulthatheshouldsohavewritten，itisrathertobewonderedatthathisspiritwithstoodsogreatandconstantastrain。HewrotetoSirJ。D。Hookerin1845:"Youareverykindinyourenquiriesaboutmyhealth;Ihavenothingtosayaboutit，beingalwaysmuchthesame，somedaysbetterandsomeworse。IbelieveIhavenothadonewholeday，orrathernight，withoutmystomachhavingbeengreatlydisordered，duringthelastthreeyears，andmostdaysgreatprostrationofstrength:thankyouforyourkindness;manyofmyfriends，Ibelieve，thinkmeahypochondriac。"
Again，in1849，henotesinhisdiary:——"January1sttoMarch10th。——Healthverybad，withmuchsicknessandfailureofpower。Workedonallwelldays。"ThiswaswrittenjustbeforehisfirstvisittoDr。Gully’sWater—
CureEstablishmentatMalvern。InAprilofthesameyearhewrote:——"I
believeIamgoingonverywell，butIamratherwearyofmypresentinactivelife，andthewater—curehasthemostextraordinaryeffectinproducingindolenceandstagnationofmind:tillexperiencingit，Icouldnothavebelieveditpossible。Inowincreaseinweight，haveescapedsicknessforthirtydays。"HereturnedinJune，aftersixteenweeks’
absence，muchimprovedinhealth，and，asalreadydescribed，continuedthewater—cureathomeforsometime。]
CHARLESDARWINTOJ。D。HOOKER。
Down[October，1846]。
MydearHooker，IhavenotheardfromSulivan（AdmiralSirB。J。Sulivan，formerlyanofficerofthe"Beagle"。）lately;whenhelastwrotehenamedfrom8thto10thasthemostlikelytime。ImmediatelythatIhear，Iwillflyyoualine，forthechanceofyourbeingabletocome。Iforgetwhetheryouknowhim，butIsupposeso;heisarealgoodfellow。Anyhow，ifyoudonotcomethen，Iamverygladthatyouproposecomingsoonafter……
Iamgoingtobeginsomepapersonthelowermarineanimals，whichwilllastmesomemonths，perhapsayear，andthenIshallbeginlookingovermyten—year—longaccumulationofnotesonspeciesandvarieties，which，withwriting，Idaresaywilltakemefiveyears，andthen，whenpublished，I
daresayIshallstandinfinitelylowintheopinionofallsoundNaturalists——sothisismyprospectforthefuture。
Areyouagoodhandatinventingnames。IhaveaquitenewandcuriousgenusofBarnacle，whichIwanttoname，andhowtoinventanamecompletelypuzzlesme。
Bytheway，IhavetoldyounothingaboutSouthampton。Weenjoyed（wifeandmyself）ourweekbeyondmeasure:thepaperswerealldull，butImetsomanyfriendsandmadesomanynewacquaintances（especiallysomeoftheIrishNaturalists），andtooksomanypleasantexcursions。Iwishyouhadbeenthere。OnSundaywehadsopleasantanexcursiontoWinchesterwithFalconer（HughFalconer，1809—1865。Chieflyknownasapalaeontologist，althoughemployedasabotanistduringhiswholecareerinIndia，wherehewasalsoamedicalofficerintheH。E。I。C。Service;hewassuperintendentoftheCompany’sgarden，firstatSaharunpore，andthenatCalcutta。HewasoneofthefirstbotanicalexplorersofKashmir。Falconer’sdiscoveriesofMiocenemammalianremainsintheSewalikHills，were，atthetime，perhapsthegreatest"finds"whichhadbeenmade。Hisbookonthesubject，’FaunaAntiquaSivalensis，’remainedunfinishedatthetimeofhisdeath。），ColonelSabine（ThelateSirEdwardSabine，formerlyPresidentoftheRoyalSociety，andauthorofalongseriesofmemoirsonTerrestrialMagnetism。），andDr。Robinson（ThelateDr。ThomasRomneyRobinson，oftheArmaghObservatory。），andothers。Ineverenjoyedadaymoreinmylife。
ImissedhavingalookatH。Watson。（ThelateHewettCottrellWatson，authorofthe’CybeleBritannica，’oneofamostvaluableseriesofworksonthetopographyandgeographicaldistributionoftheplantsoftheBritishIslands。）IsupposeyouheardthathemetForbesandtoldhimhehadaseverearticleinthePress。IunderstoodthatForbesexplainedtohimthathehadnocausetocomplain，butasthearticlewasprinted，hewouldnotwithdrawit，butofferedittoForbesforhimtoappendnotestoit，whichForbesnaturallydeclined……
CHARLESDARWINTOJ。D。HOOKER。
Down，April7th[1847？}。
MydearHooker，Ishouldhavewrittenbeforenow，hadInotbeenalmostcontinuallyunwell，andatpresentIamsufferingfromfourboilsandswellings，oneofwhichhardlyallowsmetheuseofmyrightarm，andhasstoppedallmywork，anddampedallmyspirits。IwasmuchdisappointedatmissingmytriptoKew，andthemoreso，asIhadforgottenyouwouldbeawayallthismonth;butI
hadnochoice，andwasinbednearlyallFridayandSaturday。I
congratulateyouoveryourimprovedprospectsaboutIndia（SirJ。HookerleftEnglandonNovember11，1847，forhisHimalayanandTibetanjourney。
TheexpeditionwassupportedbyasmallgrantfromtheTreasury，andthusassumedthecharacterofaGovernmentmission。），butatthesametimemustsincerelygroanoverit。Ishallfeelquitelostwithoutyoutodiscussmanypointswith，andtopointout（ill—lucktoyou）difficultiesandobjectionstomyspecieshypotheses。Itwillbeahorridshameifmoneystopsyourexpedition;butGovernmentwillsurelyhelpyoutosomeextent……Yourpresenttrip，withyournewviews，amongstthecoal—plants，willbeveryinteresting。Ifyouhavesparetime，BUTNOTWITHOUT，I
shouldenjoyhavingsomenewsofyourprogress。Yourpresenttripwillworkwellin，ifyougotoanyofthecoaldistrictsinIndia。WouldthisnotbeagoodobjecttoparadebeforeGovernment;theutilitariansoulswouldcomprehendthis。Bytheway，Iwillgetsomeworkoutofyou，aboutthedomesticracesofanimalsinIndia……
CHARLESDARWINTOL。JENYNS（BLOMEFIELD）。
Down[1847]。
DearJenyns，（"ThisletterrelatestoasmallAlmanackfirstpublishedin1843，underthenameof’TheNaturalists’PocketAlmanack，’byMr。VanVoorst，andwhichIeditedforhim。Itwasintendedespeciallyforthosewhointerestthemselvesintheperiodicphenomenaofanimalsandplants，ofwhichaselectlistwasgivenundereachmonthoftheyear。
"ThePocketAlmanackcontained，moreover，miscellaneousinformationrelatingtoZoologyandBotany;toNaturalHistoryandotherscientificsocieties;topublicMuseumsandGardens，inadditiontotheordinarycelestialphenomenafoundinmostotherAlmanacks。Itcontinuedtobeissuedtill1847，afterwhichyearthepublicationwasabandoned。"——FromaletterfromRev。L。BlomefieldtoF。Darwin。）
IamverymuchobligedforthecapitallittleAlmanack;itsohappenedthatIwaswishingforonetokeepinmyportfolio。Ihadneverseenthiskindbefore，andshallcertainlygetoneforthefuture。Ithinkitisveryamusingtohavealistbeforeone’seyesoftheorderofappearanceoftheplantsandanimalsaroundone;itgivesafreshinteresttoeachfineday。
ThereisonepointIshouldliketoseealittleimproved，viz。，thecorrectionfortheclockatshorterintervals。Mostpeople，Isuspect，wholikemyselfhavedials，willwishtobemoreprecisethanwithamarginofthreeminutes。IalwaysbuyashillingalmanackforthisSOLEend。Bytheway，YOURS，i。e。，VanVoorst’sAlmanack，isverydear;itought，atleast，tobeadvertisedpost—freefortheshilling。Doyounotthinkatable（notrules）ofconversionofFrenchintoEnglishmeasures，andperhapsweights，wouldbeexceedinglyuseful;alsocentigradeintoFahrenheit，——magnifyingpowersaccordingtofocaldistances？——infactyoumightmakeitthemoreusefulpublicationoftheage。IknowwhatIshouldlikebestofall，namely，currentmeteorologicalremarksforeachmonth，withstatementofaveragecourseofwindsandpredictionofweather，inaccordancewithmovementsofbarometer。People，Ithink，arealwaysamusedatknowingtheextremesandmeansoftemperatureforcorrespondingtimesinotheryears。
Ihopeyouwillgoonwithitanotheryear。Withmanythanks，mydearJenyns，Yoursverytruly，CHARLESDARWIN。
CHARLESDARWINTOJ。D。HOOKER。
Down，Sunday[April18th，1847]。
MydearHooker，IreturnwithmanythanksWatson’sletter，whichIhavehadcopied。Itisacapitalone，andIamextremelyobligedtoyouforobtainingmesuchvaluableinformation。Surelyheisratherinahurrywhenhesaysintermediatevarietiesmustalmostbenecessarilyrare，otherwisetheywouldbetakenasthetypesofthespecies;forheoverlooksnumericalfrequencyasanelement。SurelyifA，B，Cwerethreevarieties，andifA
wereagooddealthecommonest（therefore，also，firstknown），itwouldbetakenasthetype，withoutregardingwhetherBwasquiteintermediateornot，orwhetheritwasrareornot。WhatcapitalessaysWwouldwrite;butIsupposehehaswrittenagooddealinthe’Phytologist。’Yououghttoencouragehimtopublishonvariation;itisashamethatsuchfactsasthoseinhislettershouldremainunpublished。Imustgetyoutointroducemetohim;wouldhebeagoodandsociablemanforDropmore？（AmuchenjoyedexpeditionmadefromOxford——whentheBritishAssociationmettherein1847。）thoughifhecomes，Forbesmustnot（andIthinkyoutalkedofinvitingForbes），orweshallhaveagloriousbattle。Ishouldliketoseesometimethewarcorrespondence。Haveyouthe’Phytologist，’andcouldyousometimespareit？Iwouldgothroughitquickly……Ihavereadyourlastfivenumbers（OftheBotanyofHooker’s’AntarcticVoyage。’），andasusualhavebeenmuchinterestedinseveralpoints，especiallywithyourdiscussionsonthebeechandpotato。IseeyouhaveintroducedseveralsentencesagainstusTransmutationists。Ihavealsobeenlookingthroughthelattervolumesofthe’AnnalsofNaturalHistory，’andhavereadtwosuchsoulless，pompouspapersof——，quiteworthyoftheauthor……Thecontrastofthepapersinthe"Annals"withthoseinthe"Annales"isratherhumiliating;somanypapersintheformer，withshortdescriptionsofspecies，withoutonewordontheiraffinities，internalstructure，rangeorhabits。Iamnowreading——，andIhavepickedoutsomethingswhichhaveinterestedme;buthestrikesmeasratherdullish，andwithallhisMateriaMedicasmellsofthedoctor’sshop。IshalleverhatethenameoftheMateriaMedica，sincehearingDuncan’slecturesateighto’clockonawinter’smorning——awhole，coldbreakfastlesshouronthepropertiesofrhubarb！
Ihopeyourjourneywillbeveryprosperous。Believeme，mydearHooker，Everyours，C。DARWIN。
P。S。——IthinkIhaveonlymadeonenewacquaintanceoflate，thatisR。
Chambers;andIhavejustreceivedapresentationcopyofthesixtheditionofthe’Vestiges。’SomehowInowfeelperfectlyconvincedheistheauthor。HeisinFrance，andhaswrittentomethence。
CHARLESDARWINTOJ。D。HOOKER。
Down[1847？]……IamdelightedtohearthatBrongniartthoughtSigillariaaquatic，andthatBinneyconsiderscoalasortofsubmarinepeat。Iwouldbet5to1
thatintwentyyearsthiswillbegenerallyadmitted（Anunfulfilledprophecy。）;andIdonotcareforwhateverthebotanicaldifficultiesorimpossibilitiesmaybe。IfIcouldbutpersuademyselfthatSigillariaandCo。hadagoodrangeofdepth，i。e。，couldlivefrom5to100fathomsunderwater，alldifficultiesofnearlyallkindswouldberemoved（forthesimplefactofmuddyordinaryshallowseaimpliesproximityofland）。
[N。B。——Iamchucklingtothinkhowyouaresneeringallthistime。]Itisnotmuchofadifficulty，therenotbeingshellswiththecoal，consideringhowunfavourabledeepmudisformostMollusca，andthatshellswouldprobablydecayfromthehumicacid，asseemstotakeplaceinpeatandintheBLACKmoulds（asLyelltellsme）oftheMississippi。Socoalquestionsettled——Q。E。D。Sneeraway！
ManythanksforyourwelcomenotefromCambridge，andIamgladyoulikemyalmamater，whichIdespiseheartilyasaplaceofeducation，butlovefrommanymostpleasantrecollections……
Thanksforyourofferofthe’Phytologist;’Ishallbeverymuchobligedforit，forIdonotsupposeIshouldbeabletoborrowitfromanyotherquarter。Iwillnotbesetuptoomuchbyyourpraise，butIdonotbelieveIeverlostabookorforgottoreturnitduringalonglapseoftime。Your’Webb’iswellwrappedup，andwithyournameinlargelettersOUTSIDE。
Mynewmicroscopeiscomehome（a"splendidplaything，"asoldR。Browncalledit），andIamdelightedwithit;itreallyisasplendidplaything。
IhavebeeninLondonforthreedays，andsawmanyofourfriends。IwasextremelysorrytohearanotverygoodaccountofSirWilliam。Farewell，mydearHooker，andbeagoodboy，andmakeSigillariaasubmarinesea—
weed。
Everyours，C。DARWIN。
CHARLESDARWINTOJ。D。HOOKER。
Down[May6th，1847]。
MydearHooker，Youhavemadeasavageonslaught，andImusttrytodefendmyself。But，first，letmesaythatIneverwritetoyouexceptformyowngoodpleasure;nowIfearthatyouanswermewhenbusyandwithoutinclination（andIamsureIshouldhavenoneifIwasasbusyasyou）。Praydonotdoso，andifIthoughtmywritingentailedananswerfromyounolensvolens，itwoulddestroyallmypleasureinwriting。Firstly，IdidnotconsidermyletterasREASONING，orevenasSPECULATION，butsimplyasmentalrioting;andasIwassendingBinney’spaper，Ipouredouttoyoutheresultofreadingit。Secondly，youareright，indeed，inthinkingmemad，ifyousupposethatIwouldclassanyfernsasmarineplants;butsurelythereisawidedistinctionbetweentheplantsfounduprightinthecoal—
bedsandthosenotupright，andwhichmighthavebeendrifted。Isitnotpossiblethatthesamecircumstanceswhichhavepreservedthevegetationinsitu，shouldhavepreserveddriftedplants？IknowCalamitesisfoundupright;butIfancieditsaffinitieswereveryobscure，likeSigillaria。
AsforLepidodendron，Iforgotitsexistence，ashappenswhenonegoesriot，andnowknowneitherwhatitis，orwhetherupright。Iftheseplants，i。e。CalamitesandLepidodendron，haveVERYCLEARRELATIONStoterrestrialvegetables，likethefernshave，andarefounduprightinsitu，ofcourseImustgiveuptheghost。ButsurelySigillariaisthemainuprightplant，andonitsobscureaffinitiesIhaveheardyouenlarge。
Thirdly，itneverenteredmyheadtoundervaluebotanicalrelativelytozoologicalevidence;exceptinsofarasIthoughtitwasadmittedthatthevegetativestructureseldomyieldedanyevidenceofaffinitynearerthanthatoffamilies，andnotalwayssomuch。Andisitnotinplants，ascertainlyitisinanimals，dangeroustojudgeofhabitswithoutverynearaffinity。CouldaBotanisttellfromstructurealonethattheMangrovefamily，almostorquitealoneinDicotyledons，couldliveinthesea，andtheZosterafamilyalmostaloneamongtheMonocotyledons？Isitasafeargument，thatbecausealgaearealmosttheonly，ortheonlysubmergedsea—plants，thatformerlyothergroupshadnotmemberswithsuchhabits？
Withanimalssuchanargumentwouldnotbeconclusive，asIcouldillustratebymanyexamples;butIamforgettingmyself;Iwantonlytosomedegreetodefendmyself，andnotburnmyfingersbyattackingyou。
Thefoundationofmyletter，andwhatismydeliberateopinion，thoughI
daresayyouwillthinkitabsurd，isthatIwouldrathertrust，caeterisparibus，puregeologicalevidencethaneitherzoologicalorbotanicalevidence。IdonotsaythatIwouldsoonertrustPOORgeologicalevidencethanGOODorganic。Ithinkthebasisofpuregeologicalreasoningissimpler（consistingchieflyoftheactionofwateronthecrustoftheearth，anditsupanddownmovements）thanabasisdrawnfromthedifficultsubjectofaffinitiesandofstructureinrelationtohabits。IcanhardlyanalyzethefactsonwhichIhavecometothisconclusion;butIcanillustrateit。Pallas’saccountwouldleadanyonetosupposethattheSiberianstrata，withthefrozencarcasses，hadbeenquicklydeposited，andhencethattheembeddedanimalshadlivedintheneighbourhood;butourzoologicalknowledgeofthirtyyearsagoledeveryonefalselytorejectthisconclusion。
TellmethatanuprightferninsituoccurswithSigillariaandStigmaria，orthattheaffinitiesofCalamitesandLepidodendron（supposingthattheyarefoundinsituwithSigillaria）aresoCLEAR，thattheycouldnothavebeenmarine，like，butinagreaterdegree，thanthemangroveandsea—
wrack，andIwillhumblyapologisetoyouandallBotanistsforhavingletmymindrunriotonasubjectonwhichassuredlyIknownothing。ButtillIhearthis，Ishallkeepprivatelytomyownopinionwiththesamepertinacityand，asyouwillthink，withthesamephilosophicalspiritwithwhichKoenigmaintainsthatCheirotherium—footstepsarefuci。
Whetherthisletterwillsinkmelowerinyouropinion，orputmealittleright，Iknownot，buthopethelatter。Anyhow，Ihaverevengedmyselfwithboringyouwithaverylongepistle。Farewell，andbeforgiving。
Everyours，C。DARWIN。
P。S。——WhenwillyoureturntoKew？Ihaveforgottenonemainobjectofmyletter，tothankyouMUCHforyourofferofthe’Hort。Journal，’butIhaveorderedthetwonumbers。
[Thetwofollowingextracts[1847]givethecontinuationandconclusionofthecoalbattle。
"Bytheway，assubmarinecoalmadeyousowrath，IthoughtIwouldexperimentiseonFalconerandBunbury（ThelateSirC。Bunbury，well—knownasapalaeobotanist。）together，anditmade[them]evenmoresavage;’suchinfernalnonsenseoughttobethrashedoutofme。’Bunburywasmorepoliteandcontemptuous。SoInowknowhowtostirupandshowoffanyBotanist。
IwonderwhetherZoologistsandGeologistshavegottheirtenderpoints;I
wishIcouldfindout。"
"Icannotresistthankingyouforyourmostkindnote。PraydonotthinkthatIwasannoyedbyyourletter:Iperceivedthatyouhadbeenthinkingwithanimation，andaccordinglyexpressedyourselfstrongly，andsoI
understoodit。ForfendmefromamanwhoweighseveryexpressionwithScotchprudence。Iheartilywishyouallsuccessinyournobleproblem，andIshallbeverycurioustohavesometalkwithyouandhearyourultimatum。"]
CHARLESDARWINTOJ。D。HOOKER。（Partsoftwoletters。）
Down[October，1847]。
Icongratulateyouheartilyonyourarrangementsbeingcompleted，withsomeprospectforthefuture。Itwillbeanoblevoyageandjourney，butIwishitwasover，Ishallmissyouselfishlyandallwaystoadreadfulextent……Iamingreatperplexityhowwearetomeet……Icanwellunderstandhowdreadfullybusyyoumustbe。IfyouCANNOTcomehere，youMUSTletmecometoyouforanight;forImusthaveonemorechatandonemorequarrelwithyouoverthecoal。
Bytheway，IendeavouredtostirupLyell（whohasbeenstayingheresomedayswithme）totheoriseonthecoal:hisooliticUPRIGHTEquisetumsaredreadfulformysubmarineflora。Ishoulddiemucheasierifsomeonewouldsolvemethecoalquestion。Isometimesthinkitcouldnothavebeenformedatall。OldSirAnthonyCarlisleoncesaidtomegravely，thathesupposedMegatheriumandsuchcattlewerejustsentdownfromheaventoseewhethertheearthwouldsupportthem;andIsupposethecoalwasraineddowntopuzzlemortals。YoumustworkthecoalwellinIndia。
Everyours，C。DARWIN。
CHARLESDARWINTOJ。D。HOOKER。
[November6th，1847。]
MydearHooker，Ihavejustreceivedyournotewithsinceregrief:thereisnohelpforit。Ishallalwayslookatyourintentionofcominghere，undersuchcircumstances，asthegreatestproofoffriendshipIeverreceivedfrommortalman。MyconsciencewouldhaveupbraidedmeinnothavingcometoyouonThursday，but，asitturnedout，Icouldnot，forIwasquiteunabletoleaveShrewsburybeforethatday，andIreachedhomeonlylastnight，muchknockedup。WithoutIhearto—morrow（whichishardlypossible），andifIamfeelingprettywell，IwilldriveovertoKewonMondaymorning，justtosayfarewell。Iwillstayonlyanhour……
CHARLESDARWINTOJ。D。HOOKER。
[November，1847。]
MydearHooker，Iamveryunwell，andincapableofdoinganything。IdohopeIhavenotinconveniencedyou。Iwassounwellallyesterday，thatIwasrejoicingyouwerenothere;foritwouldhavebeenabittermortificationtometohavehadyouhereandnotenjoyedyourlastday。Ishallnotnowseeyou。
Farewell，andGodblessyou。
Youraffectionatefriend，C。DARWIN。
IwillwritetoyouinIndia。
[In1847appearedapaperbyMr。D。Milne（NowMr。MilneHome。TheessaywaspublishedinTransactionsoftheEdinburghRoyalSociety，vol。xvi。），inwhichmyfather’sGlenRoyworkiscriticised，andwhichisreferredtointhefollowingcharacteristicextractfromalettertoSirJ。Hooker:]
"Ihavebeenbadenoughforthesefewlastdays，havinghadtothinkandwritetoomuchaboutGlenRoy……Mr。Milnehavingattackedmytheory，whichmademehorriblysick。"IhavenotbeenabletofindanypublishedreplytoMr。Milne，sothatIimaginethe"writing"mentionedwasconfinedtoletters。Mr。Milne’spaperwasnotdestructivetotheGlenRoypaper，andthismyfatherrecognisesinthefollowingextractfromalettertoLyell（March，1847）。ThereferencetoChambersisexplainedbythefactthatheaccompaniedMr。MilneinhisvisittoGlenRoy。"IgotR。ChamberstogivemeasketchofMilne’sGlenRoyviews，andIhavere—readmypaper，andam，nowthatIhaveheardwhatistobesaid，notevenstaggered。ItisprovokingandhumiliatingtofindthatChambersnotonlyhadnotreadwithanycaremypaperonthissubject，orevenlookedatthecolouredmap，sothatthenewshelfdescribedbymehadnotbeensearchedfor，andmyargumentsandfactsofdetailnotintheleastattendedto。Ientirelygaveuptheghost，andwasquitechicken—heartedattheGeologicalSociety，tillyoureassuredandremindedmeofthemainfactsinthewholecase。"
ThetwofollowingletterstoLyell，thoughoflaterdate（June，1848），bearonthesamesubject:——
"Iwasattheeveningmeeting[oftheGeologicalSociety]，butdidnotgetwithinhailofyou。Whatafool（thoughImustsayaveryamusingone）——
didmakeofhimself。Yourspeechwasrefreshingafterit，andwaswellcharacterizedbyFox（mycousin）inthreewords——’Whatacontrast！’ThatstruckmeasacapitalspeculationabouttheWealdenContinentgoingdown。
IdidnothearwhatyousettledattheCouncil;Iwasquiteweariedoutandbewildered。IfindSmith，ofJordanHill，hasamuchworseopinionofR。
Chambers’sbookthanevenIhave。Chambershaspiquedmealittle（’AncientSeaMargins，1848。’Thewordsquotedbymyfathershouldbe"themobilityofthelandwasanascendantidea。"）;hesaysI’propound’and’professmybelief’thatGlenRoyismarine，andthattheideawasacceptedbecausethe’mobilityofthelandwastheascendantideaoftheday。’HeaddssomeveryfaintUPPERlinesinGlenSpean（seen，bytheway，byAgassiz），andhasshownthatMilneandKemparerightintherebeinghorizontalaqueousmarkings（NOTatcoincidentlevelswiththoseofGlenRoy）inotherpartsofScotlandatgreatheights，andheaddsseveralothercases。Thisisthewholeofhisadditiontothedata。Henotonlytakesmylineofargumentfromthebuttressesandterracesbelowthelowershelfandsomeotherarguments（withoutacknowledgment），buthesneersatallhispredecessorsnothavingperceivedtheimportanceoftheshortportionsoflinesintermediatebetweenthechiefonesinGlenRoy;whereasIcommencethedescriptionofthemwithsaying，that’perceivingtheirimportance，I
examinedthemwithscrupulouscare，’andexpatiateatconsiderablelengthonthem。IhaveindirectlytoldhimIdonotthinkhehasquiteclaimstoconsiderthathealone（whichheprettydirectlyasserts）hassolvedtheproblemofGlenRoy。WithrespecttotheterracesatlowerlevelscoincidentinheightallroundScotlandandEngland，Iaminclinedtobelieveheshowssomelittleprobabilityoftherebeingsomeleadingonescoincident，butmuchmoreexactevidenceisrequired。Wouldyoubelieveitcredible？headvancesasaprobablesolutiontoaccountfortheriseofGreatBritainthatinsomegreatoceanone—twentiethofthebottomofthewholeaqueoussurfaceoftheglobehassunkin（hedoesnotsaywhereheputsit）forathicknessofhalfamile，andthishehascalculatedwouldmakeanapparentriseof130feet。"
CHARLESDARWINTOC。LYELL。
Down[June，1848]。
MydearLyell，OutofjusticetoChambersImusttroubleyouwithonelinetosay，asfarasIampersonallyconcernedinGlenRoy，hehasmadetheamendehonorable，andpleadsguiltythroughinadvertencyoftakingmytwolinesofargumentsandfactswithoutacknowledgment。Heconcludedbysayinghe"cametothesamepointbyanindependentcourseofinquiry，whichinasmalldegreeexcusesthisinadvertency。"Hisletteraltogethershowsaverygooddisposition，andsaysheis"muchgratifiedwiththeMEASUREDapprobationwhichyoubestow，etc。"IamheartilygladIwasabletosayintruththatIthoughthehaddonegoodserviceincallingmoreattentiontothesubjectoftheterraces。Heprotestsitisunfairtocallthesinkingoftheseahistheory，forthathewithcarealwaysspeaksofmerechangeoflevel，andthisisquitetrue;buttheonesectioninwhichheshowshowheconceivestheseamightsinkissoastonishing，thatIbelieveitwillwithothers，aswithme，morethancounterbalancehispreviouscaution。IhopethatyoumaythinkbetterofthebookthanIdo。
Yoursmosttruly，C。DARWIN。
CHARLESDARWINTOJ。D。HOOKER。
October6th，1848……Ihavelatelybeentryingtogetupanagitation（butIshallnotsucceed，andindeeddoubtwhetherIhavetimeandstrengthtogoonwithit），againstthepracticeofNaturalistsappendingforperpetuitythenameoftheFIRSTdescribertospecies。Ilookatthisasadirectpremiumtohastywork，toNAMINGinsteadofDESCRIBING。Aspeciesoughttohaveanamesowellknownthattheadditionoftheauthor’snamewouldbesuperfluous，anda[piece]ofemptyvanity。（Hiscontemptfortheself—
regardingspiritinanaturalistisillustratedbyananecdote，forwhichI
amindebtedtoRev。L。Blomefield。Afterspeakingofmyfather’sloveofEntomologyatCambridge，Mr。Blomefieldcontinues:——"HeoccasionallycameoverfromCambridgetomyVicarageatSwaffhamBulbeck，andwewentouttogethertocollectinsectsinthewoodsatBottishamHall，closeathand，ormadelongerexcursionsintheFens。Ononeoccasionhecapturedinalargebagnet，withwhichheusedvigorouslytosweeptheweedsandlonggrass，ararecoleopterousinsect，oneoftheLepturidae，whichImyselfhadnevertakeninCambridgeshire。Hewaspleasedwithhiscapture，andofcoursecarriedithomeintriumph。Someyearsafterwards，thevoyageofthe’Beagle’havingbeenmadeintheinterim，talkingoveroldtimeswithhim，Irevertedtothiscircumstance，andaskedifherememberedit。’Oh，yes，’（hesaid，）’Irememberitwell;andIwasselfishenoughtokeepthespecimen，whenyouwerecollectingmaterialsforaFaunaofCambridgeshire，andforalocalmuseuminthePhilosophicalSociety。’Hefollowedthisupwithsomeremarksonthepettinessofcollectors，whoaimedatnothingbeyondfillingtheircabinetswithrarethings。"）Atpresent，itwouldnotdotogivemerespecificnames;butIthinkZoologistsmightopentheroadtotheomission，byreferringtogoodsystematicwritersinsteadoftofirstdescribers。Botany，Ifancy，hasnotsufferedsomuchasZoologyfrommereNAMING;thecharacters，fortunately，aremoreobscure。Haveyoueverthoughtonthispoint？WhyshouldNaturalistsappendtheirownnamestonewspecies，whenMineralogistsandChemistsdonotdosotonewsubstances？WhenyouwritetoFalconerprayremembermeaffectionatelytohim。Igrievemostsincerelytohearthathehasbeenill，mydearHooker，Godblessyou，andfareyouwell。
Yoursincerefriend，C。DARWIN。
CHARLESDARWINTOHUGHSTRICKLAND。（HughEdwinStrickland，M。A。，F。R。S。，wasborn2ndofMarch，1811，andeducatedatRugby，underArnold，andatOrielCollege，Oxford。In1835and1836hetravelledthroughEuropetotheLevantwithW。J。Hamilton，thegeologist，winteringinAsiaMinor。In1841
hebroughtthesubjectofNaturalHistoryNomenclaturebeforetheBritishAssociation，andpreparedtheCodeofRulesforZoologicalNomenclature，nowknownbyhisname——theprinciplesofwhichareverygenerallyadopted。
In1843hewasoneofthefounders（ifnottheoriginalprojector）oftheRaySociety。In1845hemarriedtheseconddaughterofSirWilliamJardine，Bart。In1850hewasappointed，inconsequenceofBuckland’sillness，DeputyReaderinGeologyatOxford。HispromisingcareerwassuddenlycutshortonSeptember14，1853，when，whilegeologizinginarailwaycuttingbetweenRetfordandGainsborough，hewasrunoverbyatrainandinstantlykilled。AmemoirofhimandareprintofhisprincipalcontributionstojournalswaspublishedbySirWilliamJardinein1858;buthewasalsotheauthorof’TheDodoanditsKindred’（1848）;’BibliographiaZoologiae’（thelatterinconjunctionwithLouisAgassiz，andissuedbytheRaySociety）;’OrnithologicalSynonyms’（onevolumeonlypublished，andthatposthumously）。Acatalogueofhisornithologicalcollection，givenbyhiswidowtotheUniversityofCambridge，wascompiledbyMr。Salvin，andpublishedin1882。（IamindebtedtoProf。Newtonfortheabovenote。））
Down，January29th[1849]……Whatalabouryouhaveundertaken;IdoHONOURyourdevotedzealinthegoodcauseofNaturalScience。DoyouhappentohaveaSPAREcopyoftheNomenclaturerulespublishedinthe’BritishAssociationTransactions？’ifyouhave，andwouldgiveittome，Ishouldbetrulyobliged，forIgrudgebuyingthevolumeforit。Ihavefoundtherulesveryuseful，itisquiteacomforttohavesomethingtorestonintheturbulentoceanofnomenclature（andamaccordinglygratefultoyou），thoughIfinditverydifficulttoobeyalways。Hereisacase（andIthinkitshouldhavebeennoticedintherules），Coronula，CinerasandOtion，arenamesadoptedbyCuvier，Lamarck，Owen，andalmostEVERYwell—knownwriter，butIfindthatallthreenameswereanticipatedbyaGerman:nowIbelieveifIweretofollowthestrictruleofpriority，moreharmwouldbedonethangood，andmoreespeciallyasIfeelsurethatthenewlyfished—upnameswouldnotbeadopted。Ihavealmostmadeupmymindtorejecttheruleofpriorityinthiscase;wouldyougrudgethetroubletosendmeyouropinion？Ihavebeenledoflatetoreflectmuchonthesubjectofnaming，andIhavecometoafixedopinionthattheplanofthefirstdescriber’sname，beingappendedforperpetuitytoaspecies，hadbeenthegreatestcursetoNaturalHistory。Somemonthssince，Iwroteouttheenclosedbadlydrawn—