FRIEDRICHWILHELM’SMETHOD；——PROVESREMEDIALINHEIDELBERG。
FriedrichWilhelm’sfirststep，ofcourse，wastoremonstratepacificallywithhisSereneHighnessontheHeidelberg—Churchaffair:fromthisheprobablyexpectednothing；nordidhegetanything。Gettingnothingfromthis，andthecountenanceofexternalProtestantPowers，especiallyofGeorgeI。andtheDutch，beingpromisedhiminulteriormeasures，hedirectedhisAdministrativeOfficialsinMagdeburg，inMinden，inHamersleben，whereareCatholicFoundationsofimportance，toassembletheCatholicCanons，Abbots，chiefPriestsandallwhomitmightconcerninthesethreePlaces，andtosignifytothemasfollows:——
"Fromus，yourProtestantSovereign，youyourselvesandallmenwillwitness，youhavehithertohadthebestofusage，fair—play，accordingtotheLawsoftheREICH，andeven—more。WiththeProtestantsatHeidelberg，onthepartoftheCatholicPowers，itisdifferent。Itmustceasetobedifferent；itmustbecomethesame。Andtomakeitdoso，youaretheimplementIhave。
Sorryforit，butthereisnootherhandy。FromthisdayyourChurchesalsoareclosed，yourPublicWorshipceases，andfurthermoreyourRevenuescease；andallmakesdeadhalt，andfallstorpidinrespectofyou。Fromthisday；andsocontinues，tilltheday（mayitbesoon！）whentheHeidelbergChurchoftheHolyGhostisopenedagain，andrightdoneinthatquestion。
Beityourstospeedsuchday:itisyouthatcanandwill，youwhoknowthosehighCatholicregions，inaccessibletoyourProtestantSovereign。Tillthenyouareasdeadmen；temporarilyfallendeadforapurpose。AndherewithGodhaveyouinhiskeeping！"[Mauvillon，i。347，349。]
ThatwasFriedrichWilhelm’splan；thesimplest，butprobablytheoneeffectualplan。Infalliblethisplan，ifyoudarestanduponit；whichFriedrichWilhelmdoes。HehasaformidableArmy，readyforfight；aTreasuryorArmy—chestingoodorder。GeorgeI。
seconds，accordingtobargain；shutstheCatholicChurchatZelleinhisLuneburgCountry，inlikefashion；Dutch，too，andSwisswillendorsethematter，shoulditgrowtooserious。Allwhich，involvingsomediplomacyandcorrespondence，ismanagedwiththeduepromptitude，moreover。[ChurchofZelleshutup，4thNovember；
Minden，28thNovember；MonasteryofHamersleben，3dDecember，&c。
（Putter，HistorischeEntwickelungderhautigenStaatsverfassungdesTeutschenReichs，Gottingen，1788，ii。384，390）。]Andsocertaindoorsarelocked；
andFriedrichWilhelm’sword，unalterableasgravitation，hasgoneforth。InthismanneristhemadCatholicbulltakenbytheTAIL:
keepfasthold，andapplyyourcudgeldulyinthatattitude，hewillnotgoreyouanymore！
TheMagdeburg—Hamerslebenpeopleshriekedpiteously；nottoFriedrichWilhelm，whomtheyknewtobedeafonthatsideofhishead，buttotheKaiser，tothePope，totheSerenityofHeidelberg。SereneHighnessofHeidelbergwasmuchhuffed；
Kaiserdreadfullyso，andwroteheavymenacingrebukes。TowhichFriedrichWilhelmlistenedwithaminimumofreply；keepingfirmholdofthetail，insuchbellowingoftheanimal。Theendwas，SereneHighnesshadtocomply；withinthreemonths，Kaiser，SereneHighnessandtheotherpartiesinterested，foundthattherewouldbenothingforitbuttocomposethemselves，anddowhatwasjust。
April16th，1720，theProtestantsarereinstatedintheirHEILIGE—GEISTKIRCHE；HeidelbergCatechismgoesitsfreecourseagain，May16th；andoneBaronReck[Michaelis，ii。95；Putter，ii。384，390；Buchholz，pp。61—63。]isappointedCommissioner，fromtheCORPUSEVANGELICORUM，toHeidelberg；whocontinuesrigorouslyinspectingChurchmattersthereforaconsiderabletime，muchtothegriefofHighnessandJesuits，tillhecanreportthatallisasitshouldbeonthathead。KarlPhilipfeltsodisgustedwiththeseresults，heremovedhisCourt，thatsameyear，toMannheim；quittedHeidelberg；tothediscouragementandvisibledecayoftheplace；and，inspiteofhumblepetitionsandremonstrances，neverwouldreturn；neitherhenorthosethatfollowedhimwouldshiftfromMannheimagain，tothisday。
PRUSSIANMAJESTYHASDISPLEASEDTHEKAISERANDTHEKINGOFPOLAND。
FriedrichWilhelm’spraisesfromtheProtestantpublicweregreat，onthisoccasion。Norcanwe，wholiemuchfartherfromitineverysense，refusehimsomegrinofapproval。Act，andmannerofdoingtheact，arecreditablyofapiecewithFriedrichWilhelm；
physiognomicoftheruggedveraciousman。Itisoneofseveralsuchactsdonebyhim:foritwasadutyapttorecurinGermany，inhisday。ThisdutyFriedrichWilhelm，asolidProtestantafterhissort，andconvincedofthe"nothingnessandnonsensicality（UNGRUNDUNDABSURDITAT）ofPapistry，"wasalwayshonorablyprompttodo。Thereisanhonestbacon—and—greensconscienceintheman；
almosttheoneconscienceyoucanfindinanyroyalmanofthatday。Promptly，withouttremulouscountingofcosts，healwaysstartsup，solidasoak，ontheoccurrenceofsuchathing，andsays，"Thatisunjust；contrarytotheTreatyofWestphalia；
youwillhavetoputdownthat！"——Andifwordsavailnot，hisplanisalwaysthesame:Clapasimilarthumbscrew，pressureequitablycalculated，ontheCatholicsofPrussia；thesecancomplaintotheirPopesandJesuitDignitaries:theseareunderthumbscrewtilltheProtestantpressureberemoved。Whichalwaysdidrectifythematterinalittletime。Oneotheroftheseinstances，thatoftheSalzburgProtestants，thelastsuchinstance，asthisofHeidelbergwasthefirst，willbyandbyclaimnoticefromus。
Itisveryobservable，howFriedrichWilhelm，hatingquarrels，waseverreadytoturnoutforquarrelonsuchanoccasion；
thoughotherwiseconspicuouslyaKingwhostayedwellathome，lookingafterhisownaffairs；meddlingwithnoneighborthatwouldbeatpeacewithhim。ThisproperlyisFriedrichWilhelm’s"sphereofpoliticalactivity"amonghiscontemporaries；
thissmallquasi—domesticsphere，offorbiddinginjurytoProtestants。Amostsmallsphere，butthenagenuineone:nordidheseekeventhis，haditnotforceditselfuponhim。Andtrulywemightask，Whathasbecomeoftheothermoreconsiderable"spheres"inthatepoch？Thesupremestloud—trumpeting"politicalactivities"whichthenfilledtheworldanditsnewspapers，whathastheupshotofthemuniversallybeen？Zero，andoblivion；
noother。WhilethispoorFriedrich—Wilhelmsphereisperhapsstillacountablequantity。Wiseishewhostayswellathome，anddoesthedutyhefindslyingthere！——
GreatfavorfromtheProtestantpublic:but，ontheotherhand，hisMajestyhadgivenoffenceinhighplaces。Whathelpforit？
Thethingwasapointofconsciencewithhim；naturaltothesurlyRoyalOverseer，goinghisroundsintheworld，stickinhand！
However，theKaiserwasaltogethergloomyofbrowatsuchdisobedience。AKaiserunfriendlytoFriedrichWilhelm:witnessthatoftheRITTER—DIENST（ourunreasonableMagdeburgRitters，countenancedbyhim，onsuchterms，insuchstyletoo），andotheroffensiveinstancesthatcouldbegiven。PerhapstheKaiserwillnotalwayscontinuegloomyofbrow；perhapsthethoughtsoftheImperialbreastmayalter，onourbehalforhisown，oneday？——
NorcouldKingAugustthePhysicallyStrongbegladtoseehis"Director"functionvirtuallysuperseded，inthistriumphantway。
Ayearortwoago，FriedrichWilhelmhad，withtheduecautionsandpoliticreserves，inquiredoftheCORPUSEVANGELICORUM，"IftheythoughtthepresentDirectorship（thatofAugustthePhysicallyStrong）agoodone？"and"Whetherhe，FriedrichWilhelm，oughtnotperhapshimselftobeDirector？"——Towhich，thoughtheanswerwasclearasnoonday，thispoorCorpushadonlymumbledsome"QUIETANONMOVERE，"orotherwise—foolishsaw；
andhelplesslyshruggeditsshoulders。[1717—1719，whenAugust’sKURPRINZ，Heir—Apparent，likewisedeclaredhimselfPapist，tothehorrorandastonishmentofpoorSaxony，andweddedthelateKaiserJoseph’sDaughter:——nottoFatherAugust’shorror；whowassteeringtowards"popularityinPoland，""hereditaryPolishCrown，"&c。withtheyoungman。（Buchholz，i。53—56。）]ButKingAugusthimself，——thoughajovialsocialkindofanimal，quiteotherwiseoccupiedintheworld；busyproducinghisthreehundredandfifty—fourBastardsthere，andnotcarefulofChurchmattersatall，——hadexpressedhisindignantsurprise。Andnow，itwouldseemnevertheless，thoughthetitleremainswhereitwas，thefunctionhasfallentoanother，whoactuallydoesit:athingtoprovokecomparisonsinthepublic。
Clement，theHungarianforger，venderoffalsestate—secrets，iswellhanged；wenttothegallows（18thApril，1720）withmuchcircumstance，justtwodaysbeforethatHeidelbergChurchwasgotreopened。ButthesuspicionssownbyClementcannotquitebeabolishedbythehangingofhim:Forgerindisputably；butwhoknowswhetherhehadnotsomethingoffactforhis？WhatwithClement，whatwiththisHeidelbergbusiness，theCourtofBerlinhasfallenwrongwithDresden，withViennaitself，andimportantcloudshaverisen。
ThereisanabsurdFlameofWar，blownoutbyAdmiralByng；andanewManofGeniusannounceshimselftothedimPopulations。
ThepoorKaiserhimselfisotherwiseintroubleofhisown，atthistime。TheSpaniardsandhehavefallenout，inspiteofUtrechtTreatyandRastadtditto；theSpaniardshavetakenSicilyfromhim；andpreciselyinthosedayswhileKarlPhiliptooktoshuttinguptheHEILIGE—GEISTChurchatHeidelberg，therewas，loudenoughinalltheNewspapers，silentasitnowis，a"SiegeofMessina"goingon；ImperialandPiedmontesetroopsdoingdutybyland，AdmiralByngstillmoreeffectivelybysea，forthepurposeofgettingSicilyback。Whichwasachievedbyandby，thoughatanextremelylanguidpace。[Byng’sSea—fight，10thAugust，1718（Campbell’sLivesoftheAdmirals，iii。468）；whereupontheSpaniards，whohadhardlyyetcompletedtheircaptureofMessina，arebesiegedinit；——
29thOctober，1719，Messinaretaken（thisisthe"SiegeofMessina"）:February，1720，Peaceisclaptup（thechiefarticle，thatAlberonishallbepackedaway），anda"CongressofCambrai"
istomeet，andsettleeverything。]OneofthemosttediousSieges；oneofthepaltriestlanguidWars（ofextremevirulenceandextremefeebleness，neitherpartyhavinganycashleft），andforanobjectwhichcouldnotbeexcelledininsignificance。
ObjecthighlyinterestingtoKaiserKarlVI。andElizabethFarneseTermagantQueenofSpain。Thesetwowerered，orevenwerepale，withinterestinit；andtotherestofAdam’sPosterityitwasnotintrinsicallyworthanounceofgunpowder，manytonsofthatandofbettercommoditiesastheyhadtospenduponit。True，theSpanishNavygotwelllamedinthebusiness；SpanishFleetblownmostlytodestruction，——"RoadsofMessina，10thAugust，1718，"bythedexterousByng（acreditablehandyfigurebothinPeaceandWar）andhisconsiderableSea—fightthere:——ifthatwasanobjecttoSpainormankind，thatwasaccomplished。Butthe"War，"exceptthatmanymenwerekilledinit，andmuchvainbabblewasuttereduponit，ranksotherwisewiththatofDonQuixote，forconquestoftheenchantedHelmetofMambrino，whichwhenlookedintoprovedtobeaBarber’sBasin。
CongressofCambrai，andotherhighGatheringsandconvulsiveDoings，whichallprovedfutile，andlookalmostlikeLaplandwitchcraftnowtous，willhavetofollowthisfutilityofaWar。
Itisthefirstofalongseriesofenchantedadventures，onwhichKaiserKarl，——duellingwiththatSpanishVirago，Satan’sInvisibleWorldintherearofher，——hasnowembarked，tothewoeofmankind，fortherestofhislife。Thefirstofthoseterrifico—ludicrousparoxysmsofcrisisintowhichhethrowstheEuropeanUniverse；hewithhisEnchantedBarber’s—Basinenterprises；——asperhapswasfitenough，inanepochpresidedoverbytheNightmares。CongressofCambraiistofollow；andmuchelseequallyspectral。Aboutallwhichtherewillbeenoughtosayanon！Foritwasafearfuloperation，thoughaludicrousone，thisofthepoorKaiser；andittormentednotthebigNationsonly，andthrewanabsurdEuropeintoparoxysmafterparoxysm；butitwhirledup，initswide—weepingskirts，ourlittleFritzandhisSister，andalmostdashedthelivesoutofthem，asweshallsee！
Whichlastisperhapstheoneclaimitnowhastoacursorymentionfrommankind。
Byng’sSea—fight，donewithduedexterityofmanoeuvring，andthenwithdueemphasisofbroadsiding，decisiveofthatabsurdWar，andalmosttheonecreditableactioninit，datesitself10thAugust，1718。Andaboutthreemonthslater，onthemimicstageatParistherecameoutapiece，OEDIPEthetitleofit，[18thNovember，1718。]byoneFrancoisArouet，ayounggentlemanabouttwenty—two；
andhadsucharunasseldomwas；——apprisingtheFrenchPopulationsthat，toallappearance，anewmanofgeniushadappearedamongthem（notintimatingwhatworkhewoulddo）；
andgreatlyangeringoldM。ArouetoftheChamberofAccouuts；
whotherebyfoundhisSonasgoodascastintothewhirlpools，andasolidLaw—careerthenceforthimpossiblefortheyoungfool。——
Thenameofthat"M。Arouetjunior"changesitself，someyearshence，intoM。DEVOLTAIRE；underwhichlatterdesignationhewillconspicuouslyreappearinthisNarrative。
AndnowwewillgotoourlittleCrown—Princeagain；——ignorant，he，ofallthisthatismountingupinthedistance，andthatitwillenvelophimoneday。
ChapterXI。
ONTHECROWN—PRINCE’SPROGRESSINHISSCHOOLING。
Wilhelminasays，[Memoires，i。22。]herBrotherwas"slow"inlearning:wemaypresume，shemeansidle，volatile，notalwayspromptinfixinghisattentiontowhatdidnotinteresthim。Moreover，hewasoftenweaklyinhealth，assheherselfadds；sothatexertionwasnotrecommendableforhim。
HerrvonLoen（awittyPrussianOfficial，andfamedman—of—lettersonce，thoughforgottennow）testifiesexpresslythattheBoywasofbrightparts，andthathemaderapidprogress。"TheCrown—Princemanifestsinthistenderage[hisseventhyear]anuncommoncapacity；naywemaysay，somethingquiteextraordinary（etwasganzAusserordentliches）。HeisamostalertandvivaciousPrince；hehasfineandsprightlymanners；andshowsacertainkindlysociality，andsoaffectionateadispositionthatallthingsmaybehopedofhim。TheFrenchLadywho[underRoucoulles]hashadchargeofhislearninghitherto，cannotspeakofhimwithoutenthusiasm。’C’estunespritange’lique（alittleangel），’sheiswonttosay。
Hetakesup，andlearns，whateverisputbeforehim，withthegreatestfacility。"[VanLoen，KleineSchriften，ii。27（ascitedinRodenbeck，No。iv。479）。]
Fortherest，thatFriedrichWilhelm’sintentionsandRhadamanthineregulations，inregardtohim，werefulfilledineverypoint，wewillbynomeansaffirm。Rulesofsuchexceedingpreciseness，ifgroundedhereandthereonlyontheSIC—VOLO，howcouldtheybealwayskept，exceptonthesurfaceandtotheeyemerely？ThegoodDuhan，diligenttoopenhispupil’smind，andgiveNaturefair—play，hadpracticallyfounditinexpedienttotiehimtoorigorouslytothearbitraryformaldepartmentswherenonaturalcuriosity，butonlyorderfromwithout，urgestheingeniouspupil。Whatmaximumstrictnessinschool—drilltherecanhavebeen，wemayinferfromonething，weretherenoother:
theingeniousPupil’smodeofSPELLING。Fritzlearnedtowriteafine，free—flowing，rapidandlegiblebusiness—hand；"Arithmetic"
too，"Geography，"andmanyotherUsefulKnowledgesthathadsomegenialityofcharacter，orattractivenessinpractice，wereamonghisacquisitions；much，verymuchhelearnedinthecourseofhislife；buttoSPELL，muchmoretopunctuate，andsubduethehighermysteriesofGrammartohimself，wasalwaysanunachievableperfection。Hedidimprovesomewhatinafterlife；buthereisthelengthtowhichhehadcarriedthatnecessaryartinthecourseofnineyears’exertion，underDuhanandthesubsidiarypreceptors；
itisinthefollowingwordsandalphabeticlettersthathegratefullybidsDuhanfarewell，——whosurelycannothavebeenaverystrictdrill—sergeantinthearbitrarybranchesofschooling！
"MoncherDuhanJeVouspromais（PROMETS）quequandj’aurez（J’AURAI）monpropreargentenmain，jeVousdonnerez（DONNERAI）
enuelement（ANNUELLEMENT）2400ecu（ECUS）paran，etjevousaimerais（AIMERAI）toujourencor（TOUJORSENCORE）unpeuplusq’asteure（QU’ACETTEHEURE）s’ilmel’est（M’EST）posible（POSSIBLE）。"
"MYDEARDUHAN，——Ipromisetoyou，thatwhenIshallhavemymoneyinmyownhands，Iwillgiveyouannually2400crowns[say350
pounds]EVERYYEAR；andthatIwillloveyoualwaysevenalittlemorethanatpresent，ifthatbepossible。
"FRIDERICP。R。[Prince—Royal]。"
"POTSDAM，le20dejuin，1727。"[Preuss，i。22。]
TheDocumenthasotherwiseitsbeauty；butsuchisthespellingofit。InfacthisGrammar，ashewouldhimselfnowandthenregretfullydiscern，inriperyears，withsometransientattemptorresolutiontoremedyorhelpit，seemstohavecomemainlybynature；solikewisehis"STYLUS"bothinFrenchandGerman，——
averyfairstyle，too，intheformerdialect:——butastohisspelling，lethimtryasheliked，henevercamewithinsightofperfection。
Thethingsorderedwithsuchrigorousminuteness，ifbutarbitrarythings，wereapttobeneglected；thethingsforbidden，especiallyinthelikecase，wereapttobecomedoublytempting。Itappears，theprohibitionofLatingaverisetovariousattempts，onthepartofFriedrich，toattainthatdesirableLanguage。
Secretlessons，notfromDuhan，butnodoubtwithDuhan’sconnivance，werefromtimetotimeundertakenwiththisview:
once，itisrecorded，thevigilantFriedrichWilhelm，goinghisrounds，cameuponFritzandoneofhisPreceptors（notDuhanbutasubaltern）actuallyengagedinthisillicitemployment。
Friedrichhimselfwaswonttorelatethisanecdoteinafter1ife。
[Busching，BeitragezuderLebensgeschichtedenkwurdigerPersonen，v。33。Preuss，i。24。]TheyhadLatinbooks，dictionaries，grammarsonthetable，allthecontrabandapparatus；busywithitthere，likeapairofcoinerstakeninthefact。AmongotherBookswasacopyoftheGoldenBullofKaiserKarlIV。，——AureaBulla，fromthelittlegoldenBULLETSorpelletshungtoit，——bywhichsublimeDocument，asperhapswehintedlongago，certainso—calledFundamentalConstitutions，oratleastformalitiesandsolemnpractices，methodofelection，ruleofprecedence，andthelike，oftheHolyRomanEmpire，hadatlastbeensettledonasurefooting，bythatbusylittleKaiser，somethreehundredandfiftyyearsbefore；
aDocumentvenerablealmostnexttotheBibleinFriedrichWilhelm’sloyaleyes，"Whatisthis；whatareyouventuringuponhere？"exclaimsPaternalVigilance，inanastonisheddangeroustone。"IhroMajestat，ichexpliciredemPrinzenAureamBullam，"exclaimedthetremblingpedagogue:"YourMajesty，IamexplainingAUREABULLA[GoldenBull]tothePrince！"——"Dog，IwillGolden—Bullyou！"saidhisMajesty，flourishinghisrattan，"Ichwilldich，Schurke，be—auream—bullam！"whichsenttheterrifiedwretchoffatthetopofhisspeed，andendedtheLatinforthattime。
[Forster，i。356。]
Friedrich’sLatincouldnevercometomuch，undertheseimpediments。Butheretainedsomesmatteringsofitinmaturelife；andwasratherfondofproducinghisclassicalscraps，——
ofteninanaltogethermouldy，andindeedhithertoinexplicablecondition。"Degustibusnonestdisputandus，""BeatipossEdentes，""CompIlleintrare，""BeatUSpauperesspiritus；"themeaningofthesecanbeguessed:but"Totverbastotspondera，"forexample，——whatcananycommentatormakeofthat？"Festinalente，""Dominusvobiscum，""Flectamusgenua，""Quodbenenotandum；"
thesephrasestoo，andsomethreeorfourothersofthelike，havebeenriddledfromhisWritingsbydiligentmen:[Preuss（i。24）
furnishesthewholestockofthem。]"Otempora，Omores！
Yousee，Idon’tforgetmyLatin，"writesheonce。
Theworstfruitofthesecontrabandoperationswas，thattheyinvolvedtheBoyinclandestinepractices，secretdisobediences，apttobefoundoutfromtimetotime，andtendedtoalienatehisFatherfromhim。OfwhichsadmutualhumorwealreadyfindtracesinthatearlyWusterhausenDocument:"Nottobesodirty，"saysthereprovingFather。AndtheBoydoesnottaketohuntingatall，likesverses，story—books，flute—playingbetter；seemstobeofeffeminatetendencies，anEFFEMINIRTERKERL；affectsFrenchmodes，combsouthishairlikeacockatoo，thefoolishFrenchfop，insteadofconformingtotheArmy—regulation，whichprescribesclose—croppingandaclub！
ThislattergrievanceFriedrichWilhelmdecided，atlast，toabate，andhavedonewith；this，forone。Itisanauthenticfact，thoughnotdated，——datingperhapsfromaboutFritz’sfifteenthyear。"FritzisaQUERPFEIFERUNDPOET，"notaSoldier！wouldhisindignantFathergrowl；lookingatthoseforeigneffeminatewaysofhis。QUERPFEIFE，thatissimply"German—flute，""CROSS—PIPE"
（orFIFEofanykind，forweEnglishhavethriftilymadetwousefulwordsoutoftheDeutschroot）；"Cross—pipe，"beingheldacrossthemouthhorizontally。Worthlessemployment，ifyouarenotborntobeoftheregimentalband！thinksFriedrichWilhelm。
Fritziscelebrated，too，forhisfinefoot；adapperlittlefellow，altogetherprettyintheeyesofsimplefemalecourtiers，withhisblondlockscombedoutatthetemples，withhisbrighteyes，sharpwit，andsparklingcapriciousways。Thecockatoolocks，theseatleastwewillabate！decidesthePaternalmind。
Andso，unexpectedly，FriedrichWilhelmhascommandedthesebrightlocks，ascontrarytomilitaryfashion，ofwhichFritzhasnowunworthilythehonorofbeingaspecimen，toberuthlesslyshornaway。Inexorable:theHOF—CHIRURGUS（Court—Surgeon，ofthenatureofBarber—Surgeon），withscissorsandcomb，ishere；ruthlessFatherstandingby。Crophim，myjollyBarber；closedowntotheaccuratestandard；soapedclub，insteadofflowinglocks；
wesuffernoexceptionsinthismilitarydepartment:Istandheretillitisdone。PoorFritz，theysay，hadtearsinhiseyes；
butwhathelpintears？ThejudiciousChirurgus，however，provedmerciful。ThejudiciousChirurgusstruckinasifnothingloath，snack，snack；andmadeagreatshowofclipping。FriedrichWilhelmtookanewspapertillthejobweredone；thejudiciousBarber，stillmakingagreatshowofwork，combedbackratherthancutofftheseApollolocks；didFritzaccuratelyintosoapedclub，tothecursoryeye；butlefthimcapableofshakingouthischevelureagainonoccasion，——tothelastinggratitudeofFritz。[Preuss，i。16。]
THENOLTENIUS—AND—PANZENDORFDRILL—EXERCISE。
Onthewhole，aswesaid，ayouthneedsgoodassimilatingpower，ifheistogrowinthisworld！NolteniusaudPanzendorf，forinstance，theywerebusy"teachingFriedrichreligion。"Ratherastrangeoperationthistoo，ifweweretolookintoit。Wewillnotlooktooclosely。Anotherpairofexcellentmostsolemndrill—sergeants，inclericalblackserge；theyalsoarebusyinstillingdarkdoctrinesintothebrightyoungBoy，sofaraspossible；butdonotseematanytimetohavemadetoodeepanimpressiononhim。Maywenotsaythat，inmatterofreligiontoo，Friedrichwasbutill—bested？EnlightenedEdict—of—NantesProtestantism，acrossbetweenBayleandCalvin:thatwasbutindifferentbabe’smilktothelittlecreature。NorcouldNoltenius’sCatechism，andponderousdrill—exerciseinorthodoxtheology，muchinspireaclearsoulwithpieties，andtendenciestosoarHeavenward。
Alas，itisadrearylitterindeed，merewagon—loadonwagon—loadofshot—rubbish，thatisheapedroundthisnewhumanplant，byNolteniusandCompany，amongothers。AwonderonlythattheydidnotextinguishallSenseoftheHighestinthepooryoungsoul，andleaveonlyaSenseoftheDreariestandStupidest。Butahealthyhumansoulcanstandagreatdeal。Thehealthysoulshakesoff，inanunexpectedlyvictoriousmanner，immensemassesofdryrubbishthathavebeenshotuponitbyitsassiduouspedagoguesandprofessors。Whatwouldbecomeofanyofusotherwise！Duhan，openingtheyoungsoul，bysuchmodestgiftasDuhanhad，torecognizeblackfromwhitealittle，inthisembroiledhighUniverse，isprobablyanexceptioninsomesmallmeasure。
But，Duhanexcepted，itmaybesaidtohavebeeninspiteofmostofhisteachers，andtheirdiligentendeavors，thatFriedrichdidacquiresomehumanpiety；keptthesenseoftruthaliveinhismind；knew，inwhateverwordshephrasedit，thedivineeternalnatureofDuty；andmanaged，inthemuddiestelementandmosteclipsedAgeeverknown，tosteerbytheheavenlyloadstarsand（sowemustcandidlytermit）toFOLLOWGod’sLaw；insomemeasure，withorwithoutNolteniusforcompany。Noltenius’sCATECHISM，orghostlyDrill—manualforFritz，atleasttheCatechismhehadpliedWilhelminawith，whichnodoubtwasthesame，isstillextant。[Preuss，i。15；——specimensofitinRodenbeck。]AveryabstrusePiece；orthodoxLutheran—Calvinist，allprovedfromScripture；givingwhataccountitcanofthisunfathomableUniverse，totheyoungmind。TomodernPrussiansitbynomeansshinesastheindubitablestTheoryoftheUniverse。
IndignantmodernPrussiansproduceexcerptsfromit，ofanabstrusenature；andendeavortodeducetherefromsomeofFriedrich’saberrationsinmattersofreligion，whichbecamenotoriousenoughbyandby。Alas，Ifear，itwouldnothavebeeneasy，evenforthemodernPrussian，toproduceaperfectCatechismfortheuseofFriedrich；thisUniversestillcontinuesalittleabstruse！
Andthereisanotherdeeperthingtoberemarked:thenotionof"teaching"religion，inthewayofdrill—exercise；whichisaverystrangenotion，thoughacommonone，andnotpeculiartoNolteniusandFriedrichWilhelm。PietytoGod，thenoblenessthatinspiresahumansoultostruggleHeavenward，cannotbe"taught"bythemostexquisitecatechisms，orthemostindustriouspreachingsanddrillings。No；alas，no。Onlybyfarothermethods，——chieflybysilentcontinualExample，silentlywaitingforthefavorablemoodandmoment，andaidedthenbyakindofmiracle，wellenoughnamed"thegraceofGod，"——canthatsacredcontagionpassfromsoulintosoul。HowmuchbeyondwholeLibrariesoforthodoxTheologyis，sometimes，themuteaction，theunconsciouslookofafather，ofamother，whoHADinthem"Devoutness，piousNobleness"！Inwhomtheyoungsoul，notunobservant，thoughnotconsciouslyobserving，cameatlengthtorecognizeit；toreadit，inthisirrefragablemanner:aseedplantedthenceforthinthecentreofhisholiestaffectionsforevermore！
Nolteniusworeblackserge；keptthecornersofhismouthwelldown；andhadwrittenaCatechismofrepute；butIknownotthatNolteniuscarriedmuchseedoflivingpietyaboutwithhim；
muchaffectionfrom，orfor，youngFritzhecouldnotwellcarry。
Onthewhole，itisabadoutlookonthereligiousside；
andexceptinApprenticeshiptotheruggedandasyetrepulsiveHonestiesofFriedrichWilhelm，Iseenogoodelementinit。
Bayle—Calvin，withNolteniusandCatechismsofrepute:thereisno"religion"tobehadforalittleFritzoutofallthat。
EndlessDoubtwillbeprovidedforhimoutofallthat，probablydisbeliefofallthat；——and，onthewhole，ifanyformatall，averyscraggyformofmoralexistence；fromwhichtheHighestshallbehopelesslyabsent；andinwhichanythingHigh，anythingnotLowandLying，willhavedoublemerit。
Itisindeedamazingwhatquantitiesandkindsofextinctideasapplyforbelief，sometimesinamenacingmanner，tothepoormindofman，andpoormindofchild，inthesedays。Theycomebullyinginuponhim，inmasses，asiftheywerequitelivingideas；
ideasofadreadfullyindispensablenature，theevidentcounterpart，andsalutaryinterpretation，ofFactsroundhim，which，itispromisedthepooryoungcreature，heSHALLrecognizetocorrespondwiththem，oneday。Atwhich"correspondence，"whentheFactsareoncewellrecognized，hehasatlasttoaskhimselfwithamazement，"DidIeverrecognizeit，then？"Wherebycomeresultsincalculable；notgoodresultsanyofthem；——someofthemunspeakablybad！TheeaseofCrown—PrinceFriedrichinBerlinisnotsingular；allcitiesandplacescanstillshowthelike。
Andwhenitwillend，isnotyetclear。Butthatitevershouldhavebegun，willonedaybetheastonishment。Asifthedivinestfunctionofahumanbeingwerenoteventhatofbelieving；
ofdiscriminating，withhisGod—givenintellect，whatisfromwhatisnot；andasifthepointwere，torenderthateitheranimpossiblefunction，orelsewhatwemustsorrowfullycallarevolutionary，rebelliousandmutinousone。ONoltenius，OPanzendorf，doforpity’ssaketakeawayyourCatecheticalware；
andsayeithernothingtothepooryoungBoy，orsomesmallthinghewillfindtobeBEYONDdoubtwhenhecanjudgeofit！
Fever，pestilence，arebadforthebody；butDoubt，impiousmutiny，doublyimpioushypocrisy，arethesenothingforthemind？
WhowouldgoaboutinculcatingDoubt，unlesshewerefarastrayindeed，andmuchatalossforemployment！
ButthesorestfactinFriedrich’sschooling，theforest，forthepresent，thoughitultimatelyprovedperhapsthemostbeneficentone，beingwelldealtwithbytheyoungsoul，andnoblysubduedtohishigheruses，remainsstilltobesetforth。Whichwillbealongbusiness，firstandlast！
ChapterXII。
CROWN—PRINCEFALLSINTODISFAVORWITHPAPA。
ThosevivacitiesofyoungFritz，histasteformusic，finery，thosefurtiveexcursionsintothedomainofLatinandforbiddenthings，weredistastefulandincomprehensibletoFriedrichWilhelm:Wherecansuchthingsend？Theybeginindisobedienceandintolerableperversity；theywillbetheruinofPrussiaandofFritz！——Here，infact，hasagreatsorrowrisen。Weperceivethefirstsmallcracksofincurabledivisionsintheroyalhousehold；
thebreakingoutoffountainsofbitterness，whichbyandbyspreadwideenough。Ayoungsprightly，capricionsandvivaciousBoy，inclinedtoself—will，haditbeenpermitted；developinghimselfintoforeigntastes，intoFrenchairsandways；veryillseenbytheheavy—footedpracticalGermanicMajesty。
ThebeginningsofthissaddiscrepancyaretraceablefromFriedrich’ssixthorseventhyear:"Notsodirty，Boy！"Andtherecouldbenolackofgrowthinthemutualill—humor，whiletheBoyhimselfcontinuedgrowing；enlarginginbulkandinactivityofhisown。Plentyofnewchildrencome，todivideourregardwithal，andmorearecoming；fivenewPrincesses，wiselittleUlriquetheyoungestofthem（namedofSwedenandthehappySwedishTreaty），whomwelovemuchforhergravestaidways。Nay，nextafterUlriquecomesevenanewPrince；AugustWilhelm，tenyearsyoungerthanFriedrich；andisgrowingupmuchmoreaccordingtothepaternalheart。Prettychildren，allofthem，moreorless；
andtowardly，andcomfortabletoaFather；——andtheworstofthemaparagonofbeauty，incomparisontoperverse，clandestine，disobedientFritz，withhisFrenchfopperies，flutings，andcockatoofashionsofhair！——
Andsothesilentdivulsion，silentonFritz’spart，explodingloudenoughnowandthenonhisFather’spart，goessteadilyon，splittingeverwider；newoffenceseversuperaddingthemselves。
Till，atlast，theruggedFatherhasgrowntohatetheson；
andlongs，withsorrowfulindignation，thatitwerepossibletomakeAugustWilhelmCrown—Princeinhisstead。ThisFritzoughttofashionhimselfaccordingtohisFather’spattern，awell—meanthonestpattern；andhedoesnot！Alas，yourMajesty，itcannotbe。
Itisthenewgenerationcome；whichcannotlivequiteastheoldonedid。Aperennialcontroversyinhumanlife；coevalwiththegenealogiesofmen。ThislittleBoyshouldhavebeentheexcellentpaternalMajesty’sexactcounterpart；resemblinghimatallpoints，"asalittlesixpencedoesabighalf—crown:"butweperceivehecannot。Thisisanewcoin，withastampofitsown。
AsurprisingFRIEDRICHD’ORthis；andmayproveagoodpieceyet；
butwillneverbethehalf—crownyourMajestyrequires！——
Conceivearuggedthick—sidedSquireWestern，ofsupremedegree，——
orthisSquireWesternisahotHohenzollern，andwearsacrownroyal；——conceivesuchaburlyNE—PLUS—ULTRAofaSquire，withhisbroad—basedrectitudesandsurlyirrefragabilities；thehonestGermaninstinctsoftheman，convictionscertainastheFates，butcapableofnoutterance，ornexttonone，inwords；andthatheproducesaSonwhotakesintoVoltairism，piping，fiddlingandbelles—lettres，withapparentlyatotalcontemptforGrumkowandthegiant—regiment！Sulphurousrage，ingustsorinlastingtempests，risingfromafundofjustimplacability，isinevitable。
Suchasweshallsee。
TheMother，asmotherswill，secretlyfavorsFritz；anxioustoscreenhiminthedayofhigh—wind。WithalshehasplansofherowninregardtoFritz，andtheothers；beingaladyofmanyplans。Thatofthe"Double—Marriage，"forexample；ofmarryingherPrinceandPrincesstoaPrincessandPrinceoftheEnglish—HanoverianHouse；itwasapleasanteligibleplan，consentedtobyPapaandtheotherparties；butwhenitcametobeperfectedbytreaty，amidtherubsofexternalandinternalpolitics，whatnewamazingdiscrepanciesroseuponherpoorchildrenandher！FearfullyaggravatingthequarrelofFatherandSon，almosttothefatalpoint。Ofthat"Double—Marriage，"whirledupinauniverseofintriguingdiplomacies，inthe"skirtsoftheKaiser’shugeSpectre—Hunt，"aswehavecalledit，therewillbesadthingstosaybyandby。
PlansherMajestyhas；andsilentlyawillofherown。Shelovesallherchildren，especiallyFritz，andwouldsolovethattheylovedher。——Fortherest，allalong，FritzandWilhelminaaresureallies。Weperceivetheyhavefallenintoakindofcipher—speech；
[MemoiresdeBareith，i。168。]theycommunicatewithoneanotherbytelegraphicsigns。Oneoftheirwords，"RAGOTIN（Stumpy），"whomdoesthereaderthinkitdesignates？Papahimself，theRoyalMajestyofPrussia，FriedrichWilhelmI。，hetohisrebelliouschildrenistyrant"Stumpy，"andnobetter；beingindeedshortofstature，andgrowingeverthicker，andsurlierintheseprovocations！——
SuchincurablediscrepancieshaverisenintheBerlinPalace:
fountainsofbitternessflowingeverwider，tilltheymadelifeallbitterforSonandforFather；necessitatingtheproudSontohypocrisiestowardshisterribleFather，whichwereveryforeigntotheproudyouth，hadtherebeenanyotherresource。Buttherewasnone，noworafterwards。Evenwhentheyoungman，driventoreflectionandinsightbyintolerablemiseries，hadbeguntorecognizetheworthofhissurlyRhadamanthineFather，andtheintrinsicwisdomofmuchthathehadmeantwithhim，theFatherhardlyevercould，orcouldonlybyfits，completelyrecognizetheSon’sworth。RuggedsuspiciousPaparequiresalwaystobehumored，cajoled，evenwhenourfeelingtowardshimisgenuineandloyal。
Friedrich，tothelast，wecanperceive，hastoassumemasqueradeinaddressinghim，inwritingtohim，——andinspiteofreallove，musthavefeltitareliefwhensuchathingwasover。Thatis，allalong，asadelementofFriedrich’seducation！Outofwhichtheremighthavecomeincalculabledamagetotheyoungman，hadhisnaturalassimilativepowers，toextractbenefitfromallthings，beenlessconsiderable。Asitwas，hegainedself—helpfromit；gainedreticence，thepowertokeephisowncounsel；
anddidnotletthehypocrisytakeholdofhim，orbeotherthanahatefulcompulsorymasquerade。Atanuncommonlyearlyage，hestandsbeforeusaccomplishedinendurance，foronething；averybrightyoungStoicofhissort；silentlypreparedfortheinjusticesofmenandthings。Andasforthemasquerade，letushopeitwasessentiallyforeigneventotheskinoftheman！Thereaderwilljudgeashegoeson。"Jen’aijamaistrompepersonnedurantmavie，Ihaveneverdeceivedanybodyduringmylife；stilllesswillIdeceiveposterity，"[
MemoiresdepuislaPaixdeHuberrtsbourg，1763—1774
（Avant—Propos），OEUVRES，vii。8。]writesFriedrichwhenhisheadwasnowgrownverygray。
ChapterXIII。
RESULTSOFTHECROWN—PRINCE’SSCHOOLING。
Neitherastointellectualculture，inDuhan’sspecialsphere，andwithallDuhan’sgood—will，wastheopportunityextremelygolden。
ItcannotbesaidthatFriedrich，whospellsinthewaywesaw，"ASTEURE"for"ACETTEHEURE，"hasmadeshiningacquisitionsontheliteraryside。However，inthelong—runitbecomesclear，hisintellect，rovingondeviouscourses，orploddingalongtheprescribedtram—roads，hadbeenwideawake；andbusyallthewhile，bringinginabundantpabulumofanirregularnature。
Hedidlearn"Arithmetic，""Geography，"andtheotherusefulknowledgesthatwereindispensabletohim。HeknowsHistoryextensively；thoughrathertheRoman，French，andgeneralEuropeanastheFrenchhavetaughtithim，thanthatof"Hessen，Brunswick，England，"oreventhe"ElectoralandRoyalHouseofBrandenburg，"
whichPapahadrecommended。HereadHistory，wherehecouldfinditreadable，totheendofhislife；andhadearlybegunreadingit，——immenselyeagertolearn，inhislittlehead，whatstrangethingshadbeen，andwere，inthisstrangePlanethewascomeinto。
WenoticewithpleasurealivelytasteforfactsinthelittleBoy；whichcontinuedtobethetasteoftheMan，inaneminentdegree。Fictionshealsoknows；aneagerextensivereaderofwhatiscalledPoetry，Literature，andhimselfaperformerinthatprovincebyandby:butitisobservablehowmuchofRealismtherealwaysisinhisLiterature；howclose，hereaselsewhere，healwayshangsonthepracticaltruthofthings；howFictionitselfiseitheranexpositoryillustrativegarmentofFact，orelseisofnovaluetohim。RomanticreadersofhisLiteraturearemuchdisappointedinconsequence，andpronounceitbadLiterature；——andsureenough，inseveralsenses，itisnottobecalledgood！BadLiterature，theysay；shallow，barren，mostunsatisfactorytoareaderofromanticappetites。Whichisacorrectverdict，astotheromanticappetitesandit。Buttothemanhimself，thisqualityofmindisofimmensemomentandadvantage；andformstrulythebasisofallhewasgoodforinlife。Onceforall，hehasnopleasureindreams，inparti—coloredcloudsandnothingnesses。Allhiscuriositiesgravitatetowardswhatexists，whathasbeingandrealityroundhim。Thatisthesignificantthingtohim；thathewouldrightgladlyknow，beingalreadyrelatedtothat，asfriendorasenemy；andfeelinganunconsciousindissolublekinship，whoshallsayofwhatimportance，towardsallthat。ForhetooisalittleFact，bigascanbetohimself；
andinthewholeUniversethereexistsnothingasfactbutisafellow—creatureofhis。
ThatourlittleFritztendsthatway，oughttogiveNoltenius，Finkensteinandotherinterestedparties，theveryhighestsatisfaction。Itisanexcellentsymptomofhisintellect，thisofgravitatingirresistiblytowardsrealities。Bettersymptomofitsquality（whateverQUANTITYtherebeofit），humanintellectcannotshowforitself。HoweveritmaygowithLiterature，andsatisfactiontoreadersofromanticappetites，thisyoungsoulpromisestobecomeasuccessfulWorkeroneday，andtoDO
somethingundertheSun。Forworkisofanextremelyunfictitiousnature；andnomancanroofhishousewithcloudsandmoonshine，soastoturntherainfromhim。
ItisalsotobenotedthathisstyleofFrench，thoughhespeltitsoill，andneverhadtheleastmasteryofpunctuation，hasrealmerit。Rapidity，easyvivacity，perfectclearness，hereandthereacertainquaintexpressiveness:onthewhole，hehadlearnedtheArtofSpeech，fromthoseoldFrenchGovernesses，inthoseoldandnewFrenchBooksofhis。WecanalsosayofhisLiterature，ofwhathehastilywroteinmaturelife，thatithasmuchmoreworth，evenasLiterature，thanthecommonromanticappetiteassignstoit。Aveinofdistinctsense，andgoodinteriorarticulation，isneverwantinginthatthin—flowingutterance。Thetrueiswellriddledoutfromamidthefalse；
theimportantandessentialarealonegivenus，theunimportantandsuperfluoushonestlythrownaway。Aleanwiryveracity（animmenseadvantageinanyLiterature，goodorbad！）iseverywherebeneficentlyobservable；theQUALITYoftheintellectalwaysextremelygood，whateveritsquantitymaybe。
Itistrue，hisspelling——"ASTEURE"for"ACETTEHEURE"——isverybad。Andasforpunctuation，henevercouldunderstandthemysteryofit；hemerelyscattersafewcommasanddashes，asiftheywereshakenoutofapepper—boxuponhispage，andsoleavesit。
Thesearedeficiencieslyingverybaretocriticism；andIconfessInevercouldcompletelyunderstandtheminsuchaman。Hethatwouldhaveorderedarrestforthesmallestspeckofmudonaman’sbuff—belt，indignantthatanypipe—clayedportionofamanshouldnotbeperfectlypipeclayed:howcouldhetoleratefalsespelling，andcommasshakenasoutofapepper—boxoverhispage？ItisprobablehecaredlittleaboutLiterature，afterall；cared，atleast，onlyabouttheessentialsofit；hadpracticallynoambitionforhimself，ornoneconsiderable，inthatkind；——andsomightreckonexactobedienceandpunctuality，inasoldier，moreimportantthangoodspellingtoanamateurliteraryman:Henevermindedsnuffuponhisownchin，notevenuponhiswaistcoatandbreeches:Amerelysuperficialthing，notworthbotheringabout，inthepressofrealbusiness！——
ThatFriedrich’sCourseofEducationdidonthewholeprosper，inspiteofeverydrawback，isknowntoallmen。Hecameoutofitamanofclearandever—improvingintelligence；equippedwithknowledge，trueinessentials，ifnotpunctiliouslyexact，uponallmannerofpracticalandspeculativethings，toadegreenotonlyunexampledamongmodernSovereignPrincessocalled，butsuchastodistinguishhimevenamongthestudiousclass。Naymany"Men—of—Letters"havemadeareputationforthemselveswithbutafractionoftherealknowledgeconcerningmenandthings，pastandpresent，whichFriedrichwaspossessedof。Alreadyatthetimewhenactioncametobedemandedofhim，hewaswhatwemustcallawell—informedandcultivatedman；whichcharacterheneverceasedtomeritmoreandmore；andasfortheaction，andtheactions，——
weshallseewhetherhewasfitfortheseornot。
Onepointofsupremeimportanceinhiseducationwasallalongmadesureof，bythemerepresenceandpresidenceofFriedrichWilhelminthebusiness:Thattherewasaninflexiblelawofdisciplineeverywhereactiveinit；thattherewasaSpartanrigor，frugality，veracityinculcateduponhim。"Economyheistostudytothebottom；"andnotonlyso，but，inanothersenseoftheword，heistopractiseeconomy；anddoes，orelsesuffersfornotdoingit。Economicofhistime，firstofall:generallyeveryothernobleeconomywillfollowoutofthat，ifamanonceunderstandandpractisethat。Herewasatrulyvaluablefoundationlaid；andasfortherest，Nature，inspiteofshot—rubbish，hadtodowhatshecouldintherest。
ButNaturehadbeenverykindtothisnewchildofhers。
Andamong，theconfusedhurtfulelementsofhisSchooling，therewasalways，aswesay，thiseminentlysalutaryandmostpotentone，ofitsbeing，inthegross，APPRENTICESHIPTOFRIEDRICH
WILHELMtheRhadamanthineSpartanKing，whohatesfromhisheartallemptyNonsense，andUnveracitymostofall。Whichoneelement，wellaidedbydocility，byopennessandloyaltyofmind，onthePupil’spart，provedatlengthsufficienttoconquertheothers；
asitweretoburnupalltheothers，andreducetheirsourdarksmoke，aboundingeverywhere，intoflameandilluminationmostly。
Thisradiantswift—pacedSonowedmuchtothesurly，irascible，sure—footedFatherthatbredhim。FriedrichdidatlengthseeintoFriedrichWilhelm，acrosstheabstruse，thunderous，sulphurousembodimentsandaccompanimentsoftheman；——andprovedhimself，inallmannerofimportantrespects，thefilialsequelofFriedrichWilhelm。TheseremarksofacertainEditorareperhapsworthadding:——
"FriedrichWilhelm，KingofPrussia，didnotsetupforaPestalozzi；andtheplanofEducationforhisSonisopentomanifoldobjections。Nevertheless，asSchoolmastersgo，Imuchpreferhimtomostotherswehaveatpresent。Thewildmanhaddiscerned，withhisruggednaturalintelligence（notwastedawayintheidleelementofspeakingandofbeingspokento，butkeptwholesomelysilentformostpart），Thathumaneducationisnot，andcannotbe，athingofVOCABLES。Thatitisathingofearnestfacts；ofcapabilitiesdeveloped，ofhabitsestablished，ofdispositionswelldealtwith，oftendenciesconfirmedandtendenciesrepressed:——alaboriousseparatingofthecharacterintotwoFIRMAMENTS；shuttingdownthesubterranean，welldownanddeep；anearthandwaters，andwhatliesunderthem；thenyoureverlastingazuresky，andimmeasurabledepthsofaether，hangingsereneoverhead。TomakeofthehumansoulaCosmos，sofaraspossible，thatwasFriedrichWilhelm’sdumbnotion:nottoleavethehumansoulamereChaos；——howmuchlessaSingingoreloquentlySpoutingChaos，whichistentimesworsethanaChaosleftMUTE，confessedlychaoticandnotcosmic！TodevelopthemanintoDOINGsomething；andwithalintodoingitastheUniverseandtheEternalLawsrequire，——whichisbutanothernameforreallydoingandnotmerelyseemingtodoit:——thatwasFriedrichWilhelm’sdumbnotion:anditwas，Icanassureyou，veryfarfrombeingafoolishone，thoughtherewasnoLatininit，andmuchofPrussianpipe—clay！"
ButtheCongressofCambraiismet，andmuchelseismetandparted:andtheKaiser’sSpectre—Hunt，especiallyhisDuelwiththeShe—DragonofSpain，isinfullcourse；anditistimeweweresayingsomethingoftheDouble—Marriageinadirectlynarrativeway。
ENDOFBOOKIV，HistoryofFriedrichIIofPrussiaV5
byThomasCarlyleCarlyle’s"HistoryofFriedrichIIofPrussia"
BOOKV。
DOUBLE—MARRIAGEPROJECT，ANDWHATELEMENTITFELLINTO。
1723—1726。
ChapterI。
DOUBLE—MARRIAGEISDECIDEDON。
WesawGeorgeI。atBerlininOctober，1723，lookingoutuponhislittleGrandsondrillingtheCadetsthere；butwedidnotmentionwhatimportanterrandhadbroughthisMajestythither。
VisitsbetweenHanoverandBerlinhadbeenfrequentforalongtimeback；theyoungQueenofPrussia，sometimeswithherhusband，sometimeswithout，runningoftenovertoseeherFather；who，evenafterhisaccessiontotheEnglishcrown，wasgenerallyforsomemonthseveryyeartobemetwithinthosefavoriteregionsofhis。
Hehimselfdidnotmuchvisit，beingoftaciturnspleneticnature:
butthisoncehehadagreedtoreturnavisittheyhadlatelymadehim，——whereacertainweightyBusinesshadbeenagreedupon，withal；whichhisBritannicMajestywastoconsummateformally，bytreaty，whenthemeetinginBerlintookeffect。HisBritannicMajesty，accordingly，iscome；thebusinessinhandisnootherthanthatthrice—famous"Double—Marriage"ofPrussiawithEngland；
whichoncehadsuchasoundintheearofRumor，andstillbulkssobiginthearchivesoftheEighteenthCentury；whichworkedsuchwoetoallpartiesconcernedinit；andis，infact，afirst—ratenuisanceintheHistoryofthatpoorCentury，aswrittenhitherto。Nuisancedemandingurgentlytobeabated；——
werethatwellpossibleatpresent。Which，alas，itisnot，toanygreatdegree；therebeinganimportantyoungFriedrichinextricablywraptupinit，towhomitwasofsuchvitaloralmostfatalimportance！WithoutaFriedrich，theaffaircouldbereducedtosomethinglikeitsrealsize，andrecordedinafewpages；ormighteven，withadvantage，beforgottenaltogether，andbecomezero。Moregiganticinstanceofmuchadoaboutnothinghasseldomoccurredinhumanannals；——hadnottherebeenaFriedrichintheheartofit。
Crown—PrinceFriedrichisstillveryyoungformarriage—speculationsonhisscore:butMammahasthoughtgoodtotakemattersintime。Andsoweshall，inthenextensuingpartsofthispoorHistory，havetohearalmostasmuchaboutMarriageasinthefoolishestThree—volumeNovel，andalmosttostilllesspurpose。Forindeed，inthatparticular，Friedrich’syoungLifemaybecalledaROMANCEFLUNGHELLS—OVER—HEAD；——Marriagebeingtheoneeventthere，roundwhichalleventsturn，——butturnintheinverseorreverseway（asiftheDevilwereinthem）；notonlytowardsnohappygoalforhimorMamma，orus，butatlasttowardshardlyanygoalatallforanybody！Somaddidtheaffairgrow；——
andissomadlyrecordedinthoseinextricable，dateless，chaoticBooks。WehavenowcometoregionsofNarrative，whichseemtoconsistofmurkyNothingnessputonboil；notland，orwater，orair，orfire，butatumultuouslywhirlingcommixtureofallthefour；——ofimmenseextenttoo。Whichmustbegotcrossed，insomehumanmanner。Courage，patience，goodreader！
QUEENSOPHIEDOROTHEEHASTAKENTIMEBYTHEFORELOCK。
Already，foradozenyears，thismatterhasbeentreatedof。
QueenSophieDorothee，eversincethebirthofherWilhelmina，hashadthenotionofit；and，onherfirstvisitafterwardstoHanover，proposeditto"PrincessCaroline，"——QueenCarolineofEnglandwhowastobe，andwhoinduecoursewas；——anexcellentaccomplishedBrandenburg—AnspachLady，familiarfromofoldinthePrussianCourt:"You，Caroline，Cousindear，havealittlePrince，Fritz，orletuscallhimFRED，sinceheistobeEnglish；littleFred，whowilloneday，ifallgoright，beKingofEngland。HeistwoyearsolderthanmylittleWilhelmina:whyshouldnottheywed，andthetwochiefProtestantHouses，andNations，therebybeunited？"PrincessCarolinewasverywilling；sowasElectressSophie，theGreat—Grandmotherofboththeparties；soweretheGeorges，FatherandGrandfatherofFred:littleFredhimselfwashighlycharmed，whentoldofit；evenlittleWilhelmina，withherdolls，lookedpleasantlydemureontheoccasion。Soitremainedsettledinfact，thoughnotinform；andlittleFred（afloridmilk—facedfoolishkindofBoy，Iguess）madepresentstohislittlePrussianCousin，wrotebitsoflove—letterstoher；andallalongafterwardsfanciedhimself，andatlengthardentlyenoughbecame，herlittleloverandintended，——alwaysratheralittlefellow:——towhichsentimentsWilhelminasignifiesthatsherespondedwiththeduemaidenlyindifference，butnotinanoffensivemanner。
AfterourPrussianFritz’sbirth，themattertookastillcloserform:"You，dearPrincessCaroline，youhavenowtwolittlePrincessesagain，eitherofwhommightsuitmylittleFritzchen；
letustakeAmelia，thesecondofthem，whoisnearesthisage？"
"Agreed！"answeredPrincessCarolineagain。"Agreed！"answeredallthepartiesinterested:andsoitwassettled，thattheMarriageofPrussiatoEnglandshouldbeaDoubleone，FredofHanoverandEnglandtoWilhelmina，FritzofPrussiatoAmelia；andchildrenandparentslivedthenceforthintheconstantunderstandingthatsuch，induecourseofyears，wastobethecase，thoughnothingyetwasformallyconcludedbytreatyuponit。[Pollnitz，
Memoiren，ii。193。]
QueenSophieDorotheeofPrussiawasalwayseagerenoughfortreaty，andconclusiontoherscheme。Truetoit，she，asneedletothepoleinallweathers；sometimesinthewildestweather，poorlady。NordidtheHanoverSereneHighnesses，atanytime，drawbackorfalter:buthavingverysoongotwaftedacrosstoEngland，intonewmorecomplexconditions，andwideranxietiesinthatnewcountry，theywerenotsoimpressivelyeagerasQueenSophie，onthisinterestingpoint。ElectressSophie，judiciousGreat—Grandmother，wasnotnowthere:ElectressSophiehaddiedaboutamonthbeforeQueenAnne；andneversawtheEnglishCanaan，muchasshehadlongedforit。GeorgeI。，herson，ataciturn，ratherspleneticelderlyGentleman，veryforeigninEngland，andoftenestrathersulkythereandelsewhere，wasnotinahumortobeforwardinthatparticularbusiness。
GeorgeI。hadgotintoquarrelwithhisPrinceofWales，Fred’sFather，——himwhoisonedaytobeGeorgeII。，alwaysaratherfoolishlittlePrince，thoughhisWifeCarolinewasWisdom’sselfinamanner:——GeorgeI。hadothermuchmoreurgentcaresthanthatofmarryinghisdisobedientfoolishlittlePrinceofWales’soffspring；andhealwayspleadeddifficulties，ActsofParliamentthatwouldbeneeded，andthelike，wheneverSophieDorotheecametovisithimatHanover，andurgethismatter。Thetaciturn，inarticulatelythoughtful，rathersulkyoldGentleman，hehadweightyburdenslyingonhim；feltfrettedandgalled，inmanyways；andhadfoundlife，ElectoralandevenRoyal，adeceptivesumptuosity，littlebetterthanamoreorlessextensive"feastofSHELLS，"nexttonorealmeatordrinkleftinittothehungryheartofman。Wifesittinghalf—franticintheCastleofAhlden，waxingmoreandmoreintoagray—hairedMegaera（withwhomSophieDorotheeundersevensealsofsecrecycorrespondsalittle，andeventhePrinceofWalesissuspectedofwishingtocorrespond）；
afoolishdisobedientPrinceofWales；JacobitePretenderpeoplewiththeirMarRebellions，withtheirAlberonicombinations；
anEnglishParliamentjanglinganddebatingunmelodiously，whoseverylanguageisamysterytous，nothingbutWalpoleindog—latintohelpusthroughit:trulyitisnotaHeaven—on—Earthaltogether，muchasMotherSophieandherfoolishfavorite，ourdisobedientPrinceofWales，mightlongforit！AndtheHanoverTail，theRobethons，Bernstorfs，Fabrices，eventheBlackamoorPorters，——theyarenotbeautifuleither，toataciturnMajestyofsomesense，ifhecaredabouttheirdoingsorthem。Voracious，plunderous，allofthem；likehounds，longhungry，gotintoarichhousewhichhasnomaster，oramereimaginaryone。"MENTERIS
IMPUDENTISSIME，"saidWalpoleinhisdog—latinonce，inourRoyalpresence，tooneoftheseofficialplunderousgentlemen，"Youtellanimpudentlie！"——atwhichweonlylaughed。[HoraceWalpole，ReminiscencesofGeorgeI。andGeorgeII。
（London，1786。）]
HisBritannicMajestybynomeanswantedsense，hadnothissituationbeenincurablyabsurd。InhisyoungtimehehadservedcreditablyenoughagainsttheTurks；twicecommandedtheREICHS—ArmyintheMarlboroughWars，anddidatleasttestifyhisindignationattheinefficientstateofit。HisForeignPolitics，socalled，werenotmadderthanthoseofothers。BremenandVerdenhehadboughtabargain；anditwasnaturaltoprotectthembysuchresourcesashehad，Englishorother。ThentherewastheWorld—SpectreofthePretender，stretchinghugeoverCreation，liketheBrocken—Spectreinhazyweather；——againstwhomhowprotectyourself，exceptbycannonadingfortheKaiseratMessina；
byrushingintoeverybrabblethatrose，andhiringthepartieswithmoneytofightitoutwell？Itwastheestablishedmethodinthatmatter；methodnotofGeorge’sinventing，nordiditceasewithGeorge。AstoDomesticPolitics，exceptitweretokeepquiet，andeatwhatthegodshadprovided，onedoesnotfindthathehadany。——ThesageLeibnitzwouldveryfainhavefollowedhimtoEngland；but，forreasonsindifferentlygood，couldneverbeallowed。Ifthetruthmustbetold，thesageLeibnitzhadawisdomwhichnowlooksdreadfullylikethatofawiseacre！InMathematicseven，——hedidinventtheDifferentialCalculus，butitiscertainalsohenevercouldbelieveinNewton’sSystemoftheUniverse，norwouldreadthePRINCIPIAatall。Fortherest，hewasinquarrelaboutNewtonwiththeRoyalSocietyhere；illseen，itisprobable，bythissageandtheother。TotheHanoverOfficialGentlemendevouringtheirEnglishdead—horse，itdidnotappearthathispresencecouldbeusefulintheseparts。[Guhrauer，GottfriedFreiherrvonLeibnitz，eineBiographie（Breslau，1842）；KerofKersland，MemoirsofSecretTransactions（London，1727）。
NoraretheHanoverwomankindhisMajestyhasabouthim，quasi—wivesornot，ofasoul—entrancingcharacter；farindeedfromthat。Twoinchiefthereare，afatandalean:thelean，called"Maypole"bytheEnglishpopulace，is"DuchessofKendal，"
withexcellentpension，intheEnglishPeeragy；SchulenburgtheformerGermannameofher；decidedlyaquasi—wife（influential，againstherwill，inthatsadKonigsmarkTragedy，atHanoverlongsince），whoisfallenthinandold。"Maypole，"——orbareHop—pole，withtheleavesallstript；lean，long，hard；——thoughsheoncehadhersummerverdurestoo；andstill，asanoldquasi—wife，orwereitonlyasanoldarticleoffurniture，hasherworthtotheroyalmind，Schulenburgs，kindredofhers，arehighinthemilitaryline；someofwhomwemaymeet。
Thenbesidesthisleanone，thereisafat；ofwhomWalpole（Horace，whohadseenherinboyhood）givesdescription。
Bigstaringblackeyes，withrimofcirculareyebrow，likeacoach—wheelrounditsnave，veryblacktheeyebrowsalso；vastredface；cheeksrunningintoneck，neckblendingindistinguishablywithstomach，——amerecataractoffluidtallow，skinnedoverandcuriouslydizened，accordingtoWalpole’sportraiture。
Thischarmingcreature，KielmannseggebyGermanname，wascalled"CountessofDarlington"inthiscountry——withexcellentpension，aswasnatural。Theyallhadpensions:evenQueenSophieDorothee，IhavenoticedinourState—PaperOffice，hashersmallpension，"800poundsayearontheIrishEstablishment:"IrishEstablishmentwillnevermisssuchapittanceforourpoorChild，anditmaybeusefuloveryonder！——ThisKielmannsegge，CountessofDarlingtonwas，andis，believedbythegossipingEnglishtohavebeenasecondsimultaneousMistressofhisMajesty’s；butseems，afterall，tohavebeenhisHalf—Sisterandnothingmore。
Half—Sister（duetoGentlemanErnstandaCountessPlatenofbadHanoverfame）；growndreadfullyfat；butnotwithoutshrewdness，perhapsaffection；andworthsomethinginthisdullforeigncountry，merecataractofanimaloilsasshehasbecome。TheseTwoaretheamountofhisBritannicMajesty’sresourcesinthatmatter；resourcessurelynotextensive，afterall！——
HisBritannicMajesty’sday，inSt。James’s，isnotofaninterestingsorttohim；andeveryeveninghecomespreciselyatacertainhourtodrinkbeer，seasonedwithalittletobacco，andthecompanyofthesetwowomen。Drinksdiligentlyinasippingway，saysHorace；andsmokes，withsuchdullspeechastheremaybe，——nottillheisdrunk，butonlyperceptiblydrunkish；raisedintoakindofcloudynarcoticOlympus，andopaquelysuperiortotheillsoflife；inwhichstatehewalksuncomplaininglytobed。
Government，whenitcanbyanyartbeavoided，herarelymeddleswith；showsaruggedsagacity，wherehedoesandmustmeddle:
consignsittoWalpoleindog—latin，——laughsathis"MENTIRIS。"
ThisistheFirstGeorge；firsttriumphoftheConstitutionalPrinciple，whichhassincegonetosuchsublimeheightsamongus，——heightswhichweatlastbegintosuspectmightbedepths，leadingdown，allmennowask:Whitherwards？Amuch—admiredinventioninitstime，thatoflettinggotherudder，orsettingawoodenfigureexpensivelydressedtotakechargeofit，anddiscerningthattheshipwouldsailofitselfsomuchmoreeasily！
Whichitwill，ifapeculiarlygoodseaboat，incertainkindsofsea，——foratime。TilltheSinbad"MagneticMountains"begintobefeltpulling，orthecirclesofCharybdisgetyouintheirsweep；
andthenwhataninventionitwas！——This，wesay，isthenewSovereignMan，whomtheEnglishPeople，beinginsomeperplexityaboutthePopeaudotherpoints，havecalledinfromHanover，towalkbeforetheminthewaysofheroism，andbycommandandbyexampleguideHeavenwardstheiraffairsandthem。Andtheyhopethathewilldoit？Orperhapsthattheiraffairswillgothitheroftheirownaccord？AlwaysasingularPeople！——
PoorGeorge，carelessoftheseulteriorissues，hasalwaystroubleenoughwiththemeredailydetails，Parliamentaryinsolences，Jacobiteplottings，South—SeaBubbles；andwishestohunt，whenhegetsovertoHanover，ratherthantomakeMarriage—Treaties。
Besides，asWilhelminatellsus，theyhavefilledhimwithlies，theseHanoverWomenandtheiremissaries:"YourPrincessWilhelminaisamonsterofill—temper，crookedinthebackandwhatnot，"saythey。IfthereistobeaMarriage，doubleorsingle，theseImproperFemalesmustfirstbepersuadedtoconsent。
[MemoiresdeBareith。]Difficultiesenough。
Andthereisnonetohelp；FriedrichWilhelmcareslittleaboutthematter，thoughhehasgivenhisYes，——Yes，sinceyouwill。
ButSophieDorotheeisdiligentandurgent，byallopportunities；
——and，atlength，in1723，theconjunctureispropitious。
DomesticJacobitism，intheshapeofBishopAtterbury，hasgot，itselfwellbanished；Alberoniandhisbigschemes，yearsagotheyareblownintoouterdarkness；CharlesXII。iswelldead，andofourBremenandVerdennoquestionhenceforth；eventheKaiser’sSpectre—Hunt，orSpanishDuel，isatrestforthepresent，andtheCongressofCambraiissitting，ortryingallitcantosit:
athomeorabroad，thereisnothing，notevenWood’sIrishHalfpence，asyetmakingnoise。Andontheotherhand，CzarPeterisrumored（notwithoutfoundation）tobecomingwestward，withsomehugearmament；which，whether"intendedforSweden"ornot，rendersaPrussianalliancedoublyvaluable。
Andsonowatlast，inthisfavorableaspectofthestars，KingGeorge，overatHerrenhausen，wasbymuchmanagementofhisDaughterSophie’s，andaftermanyhitches，broughttothemark。
AndFriedrichWilhelmcameovertoo；ostensiblytobringhomehisQueen，butinrealitytohearhisFather—in—law’scompliancetotheDouble—Marriage，——forwhichhisPrussianMajestyiswillingenough，ifothersarewilling。PraisedbeHeaven，KingGeorgehasagreedtoeverything；consents，onepropitiousday（Autumn1723，daynototherwisedated），——CzarPeter’sArmament，andthequestionableaspectsinFrance，perhapsquickeninghisvolitionsalittle。UponwhichFriedrichWilhelmandQueenSophiehavereturnedhome，contentinthatmatter；andexpectshortlyhisBritannicMajesty’scounter—visit，toperfectthedetails，andmakeaTreatyofit。
HisBritannicMajesty，wesay，hasinsubstanceagreedtoeverything。Andnow，inthesilenceofNature，thebrownleavesofOctoberstillhangingtothetreesinapicturesquemanner，andWood’sHalfpencenotyetbeguntojingleintheDrapier’sLettersofDeanSwift，——hisBritannicMajestyisexpectedatBerlin。
AtBerlin；properlyatCharlottenburgapleasantruralorsuburbanPalace（builtbyhisBritannicMajesty’slatenobleSister，SophieCharlotte，"theRepublicanQueen，"andnamedafterher，aswasoncementioned），amileortwoSouthwestofthatCity。TheretheyawaitKingGeorge’scounter—visit。
PoorWilhelminaisinmuchtrepidationaboutit；andimpartsherpoorlittlefeelings，heranticipationsandexperiences，inreadableterms:——
"Therecame，inthoseweeks，oneoftheDukeofGloucester’sgentlementoBerlin，"——DUKEOFGLOUCESTERisFredourintended，notyetPrinceofWales，andifthereadershouldeverhearofaDUKEOFEDINBURGH，thattooisFred，——"DukeofGloucester’sgentlementoBerlin，"saysWilhelmina:"theQueenhadSoiree（APPARTEMENT）；hewaspresentedtoheraswellastome。HemademeaveryobligingcomplimentonhisMaster’spart；Iblushed，andansweredonlybyacourtesy。TheQueen，whohadhereyeonme，wasveryangryIhadansweredtheDuke’scomplimentsinmeresilence；
andratedmesharply（MELAVALATETED’IMPORTANCE）forit；andorderedme，underpainofherindignation，torepairthatfaultto—morrow。Iretired，allintears，tomyroom；exasperatedagainsttheQueenandagainsttheDuke；IsworeIwouldnevermarryhim，wouldthrowmyselfatthefeet——"Andsoon，asyoungladiesofvivacioustemper，inextremecircumstances，arewont:
——didspeak，however，nextday，tomyHanovergentlemanabouthisDuke，alittle，thoughinanembarrassedmanner。Alas，Iamyetbutfourteen，gonethe3dofJulylast:tremulousasaspen—leaves；
orsay，assheet—lightningbottledinoneofthethinnesthumanskins；andhavenoexperienceoffoolishDukesandaffairs！——