"GRUMKOW。"
[Forster，iii。135，136。]
ThisHansardReportwentoffdirecttoPrinceEugene；andoughttohavebeenawarningtothehighViennaheadsandhim。ButtheypersistednotthelesstopleaseRobinsonorthemselves；
consideringhisPrussianMajestytobe，infact，amererotatoryClothes—horsefordryingtheImperiallinenon；andtohavenointellectatall，becausehewaswithoutguile，andhadnovulpinismatall。Inwhichtheywereverymuchmistakenindeed。
HistoryisproudtoreportthattheguilelessPrussianMajesty，steadilyattendingtohisownaffairsinawisemanner，thoughhoodwinkedandledaboutbyBlack—Artistsashehadbeen，turnedoutwhenFactandNaturesubsequentlypronounceduponit，tohavehadmoreintellectthanthewholeofthemtogether，——tohavebeen，inamanner，theonlyoneofthemthathadanyreal"intellect，"
orinsightintoFactandNature，atall。ConsummateBlack—artDiplomaciesovernettingtheUniverse，wententirelytowater，runningdownthegutterstothelastdrop；andaprosperousDrilledPrussia，compact，organicineverypart，fromdiligentplough—socktoshiningbayonetandironramrod，remainedstanding。
"AfullTreasuryand200，000well—drilledmenwouldbetheoneguaranteetoyourPragmaticSanction，"PrinceEugenehadsaid。
ButthatbitofinsightwasnotacceptedatVienna；Black—art，andDiplomaticspider—websfrompoletopole，beingthoughtthepreferablemethod。
Enough，SeckendorfwasorderedtomanipulateandsoothedownthePrussianMajesty，assurelywouldbeeasy；tocontinuehisgalvanicoperationsontheDouble—Match，orproducearotationinthepurposesoftheroyalbreast。Whichhediligentlystrovetodo，whenonceadmittedtospeechagain；——Grumkowsteadilydecliningtomeddle，andonlyQueenSophie，aswecanfancy，auguringjoyfullyofit。Seckendorf，admittedtospeechthethirddayafterthatexplosiveSession，snuffleshissoftest，hiscunningest；——continuestoridediligently，theconcludingportion（suchitproved）ofhis25，000mileswiththePrussianMajestyupanddownthroughwinterandspring；butmakesnottheleastprogress，thereverserather。
Theirdialoguesandarguingsonthematter，hereandelsewhere，arelostinair；orgonewhollytoasinglepointunexpectedlypreservedforus。Oneday，ridingthroughsomevillage，PriortsomesayhisMajestycallsit，somegiveanothername，——advocateSeckendorf，inthefervorofpleadingandarguing，saidsomeword，whichwentlikeasuddenflashoflightningthroughthedarkplacesofhisMajesty’smind，andneverwouldgooutofitagainwhilehelivedafter。Inpassionatemoments，hisMajestyspokeofitsometimes，aclangorouspathosinhistones，asofathinghideous，horrible，nevertobeforgotten，whichhadkilledhim，——
deathfromafriend’shand。"Itwasthe17thofApril，1733，[AlltheBooks（Forster，ii。142，forone）mentionthisutteranceofhisMajesty，onwhatoccasionweshallseefartheron；andgivethedate"1732，"not1733:butexceptasamendedabove，itrefusestohaveanysensevisibleatthisdistance。TheVillageofPriortisinthePotsdamregion。]ridingthroughPriort，amansaidsomethingtome:itwasasifyouhadturnedadaggeraboutinmyheart。Thatmanwashethatkilledme；thereandthenIgotmydeath！"
Astrangepassioninthatutterance:thedeepdumbsoulofhisMajesty，ofdumb—poeticnature，suddenlybroughttoafatalclearnessaboutcertainthings。"OKaiser，KaiseroftheHolyRomanEmpire；andthisisyourreturnformyloyalfaithinyou？
IhadnearlykilledmyFritz，myWilhelmina，brokenmyFeekin’sheartandmyown，andreducedtheworldtoruinsforyoursake。
AndbecauseIwasoffaithmorethanhuman，youtookmeforadog？
OKaiser，Kaiser！"——PoorFriedrichWilhelm，hespokeofthisoften，inexcitedmoments，inhislateryears；thetearsrunningdownhischeeks，andthewholemanmeltedintotragicemotion:
butifFritzwerethere，thepreciousFritzwhomhehadalmostkilledfortheirsake，hewouldsay，flashingoutintoproudrage，"Thereisonethatwillavengeme，though；thatone！DASTEHT
EINER，DERMICHRACHENWIRD！"[Forster，ii。153。]Yes，yourMajesty；perhapsthatone。AnditwillbeseenwhetherYOUwerearotatoryClothes—horsetodrytheirPragmaticlinenupon，orsomethingdifferentagooddeal。
ChapterVI。
KINGAUGUSTMEDITATINGGREATTHINGSFORPOLAND。
IntheNew—year’sdaysof1733，thetopicamongdiplomaticgentlemen，whichsetmanybigwigswagging，andeventremulouslycameoutinthegrayleavesofgazetteersandgarreteersoftheperiod，wasaroyaldrama，dimlysupposedtobegettingitselfupinPolandatthistime。Nothingknownaboutitforcertain；
muchguessed。"Somethingintherumor！"nodsthiswig；"Nothing！"
wagsthat，slightlyoscillating；andgazetteers，whowouldearntheirwages，andhaveapeckofcoalsapiecetogladtheminthecoldweather，hadtowatchwithalleagernessthemovementsofKingAugust，ourpooroldfriend，theDilapidated—Strong，whoisinSaxonyatpresent；butboundforWarsawshortly，——justaboutliftingthecurtainonimportantevents，itisthoughtandnotthought。Herearethecertaintiesofit，nowclearenough，sofarastheydeserveaglancefromus。
Januaryl0th，1733，AugusttheDilapidated—StrongofPolandhasbeeninSaxony，lookingafterhispoorElectoratealittle；andisontheroadfromDresdenhomewardsagain；——willcrossacornerofthePrussianDominions，ashiswontisonsuchoccasions。
PrussianMajesty，ifnotappearinginperson，willasusual，bysomeOfficialofrank，sendapoliteWell—speed—youasthebrotherMajestypasses。Thistime，however，itwasmorethanpoliteness；
thePolishMajestyhaving，aswasthought，suchintricateaffairsinthewind。LetGrumkow，thefittestmaninallways，go，anddothegreetingtohisoldPatroon:greeting，orwhateverelsemaybeneeded。
PatroonleftDresden，——"havingjustopenedtheCarnival"orfashionableSeasonthere，openedandnothingmore，——Januaryl0th，1733；[Fassmann，LebenFriedrichAugustidesGrossen，p。994。]beinginhastehomeforaPolishDietcloseathand。OnwhichsamedayGrumkow，wesuppose，drivesforthfromBerlin，tointersecthim，intheNeumark，aboutCrossen；andhaveafriendlywordagain，inthoselocalities，overjollywine。
Intersectiontookplaceduly；——therewasexuberantjoyonthepartofthePatroon；andsuchadinnerandnightofdrinking，ashasseldombeen。AbstrusethingsliecloseaheadofAugusttheDilapidated—Strong，importanttoPrussia，andforwhichPrussiaisimportant；letGrumkowtryifhecanfishthematterintoclearnessoutofthesewine—cups。AndthenAugust，onhisside，wishestoknowwhattheKaisersaidatKladruplately；thereismuchtobefishedintoclearness。
ManyarethetimeaAugusttheStronghasmadethisjourney；
manyarethecarousals，onsuchandotheroccasions，Grumkowandhehavehad。Buttherecomesanendtoallthings。Thiswastheirlastmeeting，overflowingliquororotherwise，intheworld。
SatiricalHistorysays，theydrankallnight，endeavoringtopumponeanother，andwithsuchenthusiasmthattheyneverrecoveredit；drankthemselvestodeathatCrossenonthatoccasion。
[OEuvresdeFrederic（MemoiresdeBrandenbourg），i。163。]ItiscertainAugustdiedwithinthreeweeks；
andpeoplesaidofGrumkow，wholivedsixyearslonger，hewasneverwellafterthisbout。IsitworthanyhumanCreature’swhiletolookintotheplansofthispreciouspairofindividuals？
Withouttheleastexpenseofdrinking，thesecretstheywerepumpingoutofeachotherarenowaccessibleenough，——ifitwereofimportancenow。OneglanceImayperhapscommendtothereader，outofthesemultifariousNote—booksinmypossession:——
"August，bychangeofhisreligion，andothersadoperations，gottobewhattheycalledtheKingofPoland，thirtyfiveyearsago；
but，thoughlookingglorioustotheidlepublic，ithasbeenacrownofstinging—nettlestothepoorman，——asedan—chairrunningonrapidly，withthebottombrokenout！Tosaynothingofthescourgingshegot，andpoorSaxonyalongwithhim，fromCharlesXII。，onaccountofthisSovereigntysocalled，whathasthethingitselfbeentohim？InPoland，forthesethirty—fiveyears，theindividualwhohadleastofhisrealwilldoneinpublicmattershasbeen，withinfinitemanagement，anddisplayofsuchgood—humorasatleastdeservescredit，thenominalSovereignMajestyofPoland。AnarchicGrandeeshavebeenkingsoverhim；ambitious，contentious，unmanageable；——veryfanaticaltoo，andneverpersuadedthatAugust’sApostasywasmorethanashamone，notevenwhenhemadehisPrinceapostatizetoo。TheirSovereigntyhasbeenamerepeckoftroubles，disgracesandvexations:forthosethirty—fiveyears，anever—boilingpotofmutiny，contradiction，insolence，hardlytolerableeventosuchnervesasAugust’s。
"August，foralongtimeback，hasbeenthinkingofschemestoclapsomeliduponallthat。TomaketheSovereigntyhereditaryinhisHouse:that，withthegoodSaxontroopswehave，wouldbearemedy；——andinfactitistheonlyremedy。JohnCasimir（whoabdicatedlongago，intheGreatElector’stime，andwenttoParis，——muchcharmedwithNinondel’Enclosthere）toldthePolishDiets，WiththeirLIBERUMVETO，and’rightofconfederation’andrebellion，theywouldbringthecountrydownunderthefeetofmankind，andreducetheirRepublictozerooneday，iftheypersisted。Theyhavenotfailedtopersist。WithsomehereditaryKingoverit，andaregulatedSaxonytoleanupon:trulymightitnotbeachangetothebetter？Totheworse，itcouldhardlybe，thinksAugusttheStrong；andgoesintentuponthatmethod，thislongwhileback；——andatlengthhopesnow，infewdayslonger，attheDietjustassembling，toseefruitsappear，andthethingactuallybegin。
"Thedifficultiestrulyaremany；internalandexternal:——buttherearecalculatedmethods，too。Fortheinternal:Getup，bybribery，persuasion，somevisibleminoritytocountenanceyou；
withthesemanoeuvreintheDiets；onthebackofthese，the30，000Saxontroops。ButthenwhatwilltheneighboringKingssay？
TheneighboringKings，withtheirbig—mouthedmanifestoes，pitiesforanoppressedRepublic，overwhelmingforces，andinvitationsto’confederate’andrevolt:withouttheirtolerancefirsthad，nothingcanbedone。Thatistheexternaldifficulty。Forwhichtoothereisaremedy。CutoffsufficientoutlyingslicesofPoland；flingthesetotheneighboringKingstoproduceconsent:
PartitionofPoland，infact；largesectionsofitsTerritoryslicedaway:thatwillbethemethod，thinksKingAugust。
"NeighboringKings，Kaiser，Prussia，Russia，tothemitisnotgrievousthatPolandshouldremaininperennialanarchy，inperennialimpotence；thereverserather:adeadhorse，oradying，inthenextstall，——heatleastwillnotkickuponus，thinktheneighboringKings。Andyet，——underanothersimilitude，——youdonotlikeyournext—doorneighbortobealwaysonthepointofcatchingfire；smokeissuing，thickerorthinner，throughtheslatesofhisroof，asaperennialphenomenon？AugustwillconciliatetheneighboringKings。Russia，big—cheekedAnneCzarinathere，shallhavenotonlyCourlandpeaceablyhenceforth，buttheUkraine，Lithuania，andotherlargeoutlyingslices；thatsurelywillconciliateRussia。ToAustria，onitsHungarianborder，letusgivetheCountryofZips；——naythereareothersopswehaveforAustria。PragmaticSanction，hithertorefusedascontrarytoplainrightsofours，——that，ifconcededtoaspectre—huntingKaiser？
ToFriedrichWilhelmwecouldgiveWest—Preussen；West—Preussentornawaythreehundredyearsago，andleavingahiatusintheverycontinuityofFriedrichWilhelm:wouldnotthatconciliatehim？Ofallenemiesorfriends，FriedrichWilhelm，closeathandwith80，000mencapableoffightingataweek’s，notice，isbyfarthemostimportant。
"TheseareAugust’splans:West—PreussenforthenearestNeighbor；
ZipsforAustria；Ukraine，Lithuania，andappendagesfortheRussianCzarina:handsomeSectionstobeslicedoff，andflungtogoodneighbors；asitwere，alltheoutlyinglimbsandwingsofthePolishTerritoryslicedoff；compactbodytoremain，andbecome，bymeansofAugustandSaxontroops，aKingdomwithgovernment，notanimaginaryRepublicwithoutgovernmentanylonger。Infact，itwasthe’PartitionofPoland，’suchastookeffectfortyyearsafter，andhaskepttheNewspapersweepingeversince。PartitionofPoland，——MINUSthecompactinteriorheldundergovernment，byaKingwithSaxontroopsorotherwise。
Compactinterior，inthateffectivepartition，fortyyearsafter，wasleftasanarchicasever；andhadtobeagainpartitioned，andcutawayaltogether，——withnewtorrentsofloudtearsfromtheNewspapers，refusingtobecomfortedtothisday。
"ItisnotsaidthatFriedrichWilhelmhadtheleastintentionofcountenancingAugustinthesedangerousoperations，stilllessofgoingshareswithAugust；buthewishedmuch，throughGrumkow，tohavesomeglimpseintothedimprogramofthem；andAugustwishedmuchtoknowFriedrichWilhelm’sandGrumkow’shumortowardsthem。
GrumkowandAugustdrankoopiously，orcopiouslypresseddrinkononeanother，allnight（llth—12thJanuary，1733，asIcompute；
somesayatCrossen，somesayatFrauendorfaroyaldomainnearby），withtheviewofmutuallyfishingoutthosesecrets；——andkilledoneanotherinthebusiness，asisrumored。"
WhatwereGrumkow’snewsathome—coming，Ididnothear；buthecontinuesverylowandshaky；——refuses，almostwithhorror，tohavetheleasthandinSeckendorf’smadproject，ofresuscitatingtheEnglishDouble—Marriage，andbreakingofftheBrunswickone，attheeleventhhourandafterwordpledged。Seckendorfhimselfcontinuestodislikeanddissuade:buttheHighHeadsatViennaarebentonit；andcommandnewstrenuousattempts；——literallyatthelastmoment；whichisnowcome。
ChapterVII。
CROWN—PRINCE’SMARRIAGE。
SinceNovemberlast，WilhelminaisonvisitatBerlin，——firstvisitsincehermarriage；——shestaysthereforalmosttenmonths；
notunderthehappiestauspices，poorchild。Mamma’sreceptionofher，justoffthelongwinterjourney，andextenuatedwithfatiguesandsicklychagrins，wasofthemostcuttingcruelty:
"Whatdoyouwanthere？Whatisamendicantlikeyoucomehitherfor？"Andnextnight，whenPapahimselfcamehome，itwaslittlebetter。"Ha，ha，"saidhe，"hereyouare；Iamgladtoseeyou。"
Thenholdingupalight，totakeviewofme:"Howchangedyouare！"saidhe:"WhatislittleFrederika[mylittleBabyatBaireuth]doing？"Andonmyanswering，continued:"Iamsorryforyou，onmyword。Youhavenotbreadtoeat；andbutformeyoumightgobegging。Iamapoormanmyself，notabletogiveyoumuch；butIwilldowhatIcan。Iwillgiveyounowandthenatwentyorathirtyshillings（PARDIXOUDOUZEFLORINS），asmyaffairspermit:itwillalwaysbesomethingtoassuageyourwant。
Andyou，Madam，"saidhe，turningtotheQueen，"youwillsometimesgiveheranolddress；forthepoorchildhasn’tashifttoherback。"[Wilhelmina，ii。85。]ThisruggedpaternalbanterwastakentooliterallybyWilhelmina，inherweakstate；
andshewaslike"toburstinherskin，"poorPrincess。
Sothat，——exceptherowngoodHereditaryPrince，whowashere"overfromPasewalk"andhisregimentalduties，waitingtowelcomeher；inwhosetrueheart，fullofhonesthumansunshinetowardsher，shecouldalwaysfindshelteranddefence，——nativeCountryandCourtofferlittletothebraveWilhelmina。Chagrinsenougharehere:chagrinsalsowerethere。AtBaireuthouroldFatherMargrafhashiscrotchets，hisinfirmitiesandoutbreaks；
takesmoreandmoretoliquor；anddoesalwayskeepusfrightfullybareinmoney。NohelpfromPapahere，either，onthefinanceside；norealhopeanywhere（thinksSeckendorf，whenweconsulthim），exceptonlyintheMargraf’sdeath:"oldMargrafwillsoondrinkhimselfdead，"thinksSeckendorf；"andinthemeanwhilethereisVienna，andanobleKaiserinnwhoknowsherfriendsincaseofextremity！"thinkshe。[Wilhelmina，ii。81—111。]
PoorPrincess，inherweakshatteredstate，shehasaheavytimeofit；butthereisatoughspiritinher；bright，sharp，likeaswiftsabre，nottobequenchedinanycoil；butalwayscuttingitsway，andemergingunsubdued。
Oneoftheblessingsreservedforherhere，whichmostofallconcernsus，wastheoccasionalsightofherBrother。Brotherinadayortwo["18thNovember，"shesays；whichdateiswrong，ifitwereofmoment（seeOEuvresdeFrederic，
xxvii。part1st，wheretheirCORRESPONDENCEis）。]ranoverfromRuppin，onshortleave，andhadhisfirstinterview。Verykindandaffectionate；quitetheoldBrotheragain；and"blushed"when，atsupper，MammaandthePrincesses，especiallythatwickedCharlotte（Papanotpresent），toreuphispoorBrideatsucharate。
"Hasnotawordtoansweryou，butYESorNO，"saidthey；
"stupidasablock。""Butwereyoueverathertoilette？"saidthewickedCharlotte:"Outofshape，completely:considerablewaddings，Ipromiseyou:andthen"——stillworsefeatures，fromthatwickedCharlotte，inpresenceofthedomesticshere。
WickedCharlotte；whoistobeherSister—in—lawsoon；——andwhoisalwaysflirtingwithmyHusband，asifshelikedthatbetter！——
Crown—Princeretired，directlyaftersupper:asdidI，tomyapartment，whereinaminuteortwohejoinedme。
"Tothequestion，HowwiththeKingandyou？heanswered，’Thathissituationwaschangingeverymoment；thatsometimeshewasinfavor，sometimesindisgrace；——thathischiefhappinessconsistedinabsence。ThatheledasoftandtranquillifewithhisRegimentatRuppin；studyandmusichisprincipaloccupations；hehadbuilthimselfaHousethere，andlaidoutaGarden，wherehecouldread，andwalkabout。’ThenastohisBride，IbeggedhimtotellmecandidlyiftheportraittheQueenandmySisterhadbeenmakingofherwasthetrueone。’Wearealone，’repliedhe，’andIwillconcealnothingfromyou。TheQueen，byhermiserableintrigues，hasbeenthesourceofourmisfortunes。ScarcelywereyougonewhenshebeganagainwithEngland；wishedtosubstituteourSisterCharlotteforyou；wouldhavehadmeundertaketocontradicttheKing’swillagain，andflatlyrefusetheBrunswickMatch；——whichI
declined。ThatisthesourceofhervenomagainstthispoorPrincess。AstotheyoungLadyherself，IdonothatehersomuchasIpretend；Iaffectcompletedislike，thattheKingmayvaluemyobediencemore。Sheispretty，acomplexionlily—and—rose；
herfeaturesdelicate；facealtogetherofabeautifulperson。
True，shehasnobreeding，anddressesveryill:butIflattermyself，whenshecomeshither，youwillhavethegoodnesstotakeherinhand。Irecommendhertoyou，mydearSister；andbegyourprotectionforher。’Itiseasytojudge，myanswerwouldbesuchashedesired。"[Wilhelmina，ii。89。]
Forwhichsmallglimpseofthefactitself，atfirst—hand，acrossawhirlwindofdistractedrumorsnewandoldaboutthefact，letusbethankfultoWilhelmina。Seckendorf’shopelessattemptstoresuscitateextinctEnglishthings，andmakethePrussianMajestybreakhisword，continuetotheverylast；butareworthnonoticefromus。Grumkow’sDrinking—boutwiththeDilapidated—StrongatCrossen，whichfollowsnowinJanuary，hasbeenalreadynoticedbyus。AndtheDilapidated—Strong’sfarewellnextmorning，——"Adieu，dearGrumkow；IthinkIshallnotseeyouagain！"asherolledofftowardsWarsawandtheDiet，——willrequirefarthernotice；
butmuststandovertillthisMarriagebegotdone。OfwhichlatterEvent，——WilhelminaoncemorekindlingtheolddarkBooksintosomelightforus，——theessentialparticularsarebrieflyasfollows。
Monday，8thJune，1733，theCrown—PrinceisagainoverfromRuppin:King，QueenandCrown—PrincearerendezvousedatPotsdam；
andtheysetoffwithdueretinuestowardsWolfenbuttel，towardsSalzdahlumtheDucalSchlossthere；SisterWilhelminasendingblessings，ifshehadthem，onapoorBrotherinsuchinterestingcircumstances。Mammawas"plungedinblackmelancholy；"Kingnottheleast；intheCrown—Princenothingparticulartoberemarked。
TheyreachedSalzdahlum，DukeLudwigRudolftheGrandfather’sPalace，oneofthefinestPalaces，withGardens，withantiques，withPicture—Galleriesnoend；amileortwofromWolfenbuttel；
builtbyoldAntonUlrich，andstilltheornamentofthoseparts；
——reachedSalzdahlum，Wednesdaythe10th；whereBride，withFather，Mother，muchmoreGrandfather，Grandmother，andallthesublimitiesinterested，arewaitinginthehighestgala；
WeddingtobeonFridaynext。
Fridaymorning，thisincidentfellout，notableandsomewhatcontemptible:Seckendorf，whoisoftheretinue，followinghisbadtrade，visitshisMajestywhoisstillinbed:——"Pardon，yourMajesty:whatshallIsayforexcuse？HereisaLetterjustcomefromVienna；inPrinceEugene’shand；——PrinceEugene，oraHigher，willsaysomething，whileitisstilltime！"Majesty，notinimpatience，readsthelittlePrince’sandtheKaiser’sLetter。
"Giveupthis，weentreatyouforthelasttime；marrywithEnglandafterall！"Majestyreads，quietasalamb；laystheLetterunderhispillow；willhimselfanswerit；anddoesstraightway，withmuchsimpledignity，totheeffect，"Forcertain，Never，myalwaysrespectedPrince！"[AccountoftheInterviewbySeckendorf，inForster，iii，148—155；CopyoftheansweritselfisintheState—PaperOfficehere。]Seckendorf，havingthusshothislastbolt，doesnotstaymanyhourslongeratSalzdahlum；——mayaswellquitFriedrichWilhelmaltogether，foranygoodhewillhenceforthdouponhim。ThisistheoneincidentbetweentheArrivalatSalzdahlumandtheWeddingthere。
SameFriday，12thJune，1733，atamoreadvancedhour，theWeddingitselftookeffect；Weddingwhich，inspiteofthemadrumorsandwhispers，intheNewspapers，DiplomaticDespatchesandelsewhere，wentoff，inallrespects，preciselyasotherweddingsdo；aquitehumanWeddingnowandafterwards。OfficiatingClergymanwastheReverendHerrMosheim:readersknowwithapprovalthe
EcclesiasticalHistoryofMosheim:he，inthebeautifulChapeloftheSchloss，withMajestiesandBrunswickSublimitieslookingon，performedtheceremony:andCrown—PrinceFriedrichofPrussiahasfairlyweddedtheSerenePrincessElizabethChristinaofBrunswick—Bevern，ageeighteencoming，mannersratherawkward，complexionlily—and—rose；——andHistoryisrightgladtohavedonewiththewearisomeaffair，andknowitsettledonanytolerabletermswhatever。HereisaNoteofFriedrich’stohisdearSister，whichhasbeenpreserved:——
TOPRINCESSWILHELMINAOFBAIREUTH，ATBERLIN。
"SALZDAHLUM，Noon，19thJune，1733。
"MYDEARSISTER，——Aminutesince，thewholeCeremonywasgotfinished；andGodbepraiseditisover！IhopeyouwilltakeitasamarkofmyfriendshipthatIgiveyouthefirstnewsofit。
"IhopeIshallhavethehonortoseeyouagainsoon；andtoassureyou，mydearSister，thatIamwhollyyours（TOUTAVOUS）。
Iwriteingreathaste；andaddnothingthatismerelyformal。
Adieu。[OEuvres，xxvii。part1st，p。9。]
FREDERIC。"
OneKeyserling，thePrince’sfavoritegentleman，cameoverexpress，withthisLetterandthemoreprivatenews；Wilhelminabeingfullofanxieties。Keyserlingsaid，ThePrincewasinwardly"wellcontentwithhislot；thoughhehadkeptuptheoldfarcetothelast；andpretendedtobeinfrightfulhumor，ontheverymorning；burstingoutuponhisvaletsintheKing’spresence，whoreprovedhim，andlookedratherpensive，"——recognizing，onehopes，whatasacrificeitwas。TheQueen’sMajesty，Keyserlingreported，"wascharmedwiththestyleandwaysoftheBrunswickCourt；
butcouldnotendurethePrincess—Royal[newWife]，andtreatedthetwoDuchesseslikedogs（COMMEDESCHIENS）。"[Wilhelmina，ii。114。]ReverendAbbotMosheim（suchhistitle；HeadChurchman，theologicalchiefofHelmstadtUniversityinthoseparts，withacoupleofextinctlittleABBACIESnearby，tohelphisstipend）
preachednextSunday，"OntheMarriageoftheRighteous，"——
felicitousappropriateSermon，saidagratefulpublic；
[Text，Psalm，xcli。12；"SermonprintedinMosheim’s
Works。"]——andinshort，atSalzdahlumallgoes，ifnotasmerryassomemarriage—bells，yetwithoutjarringtotheear。
OnTuesday，boththeMajestiessetouttowardsPotsdamagain；
"wherehisMajesty，"havingbusinesswaiting，"arrivedsometimebeforetheQueen。"Thitheralso，beforetheweekends，Crown—
PrinceFriedrichwithhisBride，andalltheSerenitiesofBrunswickescorting，areupontheroad，——dulydetainedbycomplimentaryharangues，tediousscenicevolutionsatMagdeburgandtheinterveningTowns；——grandentranceofthePrincess—RoyalintoBerlinisnottillthe27th，lastdayoftheweekfollowing。
ThatwassuchadayasWilhelminaneversaw；nosleepthenightbefore；nobreakfastcanonetaste:betweenCharlottenburgandBerlin，thereisareviewofunexampledsplendor；"aboveeightyoarriagesofus，"andonlyatentortwoagainsttheflamingJunesun:thinkofit！Reviewbeginsatfoura。m。；——poorWilhelminathoughtshewouldverilyhavedied，ofheatandthirstandhunger，inthecrowdedtent，undertheflamingJunesun；beforetheReviewcouldenditself，andmarchintoBerlin，trumpetingandsalvoing，withthePrincess—Royalattheheadofit。[Wilhelmina，ii。127—129。]
Ofwhichgrandflamingday，andoftheunexampledballsandeffulgentfestivitiesthatfollowed，"allBerlinruiningitselfindressesandequipages，"wewillsaynothingfarther；butgiveonly，whatmaystillhavesomesignificanceforreaders，Wilhelmina’sPortraitofthePrincess—Royalontheirfirstmeeting，whichhadtakenplaceatPotsdamtwodaysbefore。
ThePrincess—RoyalhadarrivedatPotsdamtoo，onthatoccasion，acrossagrandReview；Majestyhimselfridingout，MajestyandCrown—Prince，whohadprecededheralittle，tousherinthepooryoungcreature；——Thursday，June25th，1733:——
"TheKingledherintotheQueen’sApartment；thenseeing，aftershehadsalutedusall，thatshewasmuchheatedanddispowdered（DEPOUDREE），hebademyBrothertakehertoherownroom。
Ifollowedthemthither。MyBrothersaidtoher，introducingme:
’ThisisaSisterIadore，andamobligedtobeyondmeasure。
Shehashadthegoodnesstopromisemethatshewilltakecareofyou，andhelpyouwithhergoodcounsel；IwishyoutorespectherbeyondeventheKingandQueen，andnottotaketheleaststepwithoutheradvice:doyouunderstand？’IembracedthePrincess—
Royal，andgavehereveryassuranceofmyattachment；butsheremainedlikeastatue，notansweringaword。Herpeoplenotbeingcome，Irepowderedhermyself，andreadjustedherdressalittle，withouttheleastsignofthanksfromher，oranyanswertoallmycaressings。MyBrothergotimpatientatlast；andsaidaloud:
’Devil’sintheblockhead（PESTESOITDELABETE）:thankmySister，then！’Shemademeacourtesy，onthemodelofthatofAgnesintheECOLEDESFEMMES。ItookherbacktotheQueen’sApartment；littleedifiedbysuchadisplayoftalent。
"ThePrincess—Royalistall；herfigureisnotfine:stoopingslightly，orhangingforward，asshewalksorstands，whichgivesheranawkwardair。Hercomplexionisofdazzlingwhiteness，heightenedbytheliveliestcolors:hereyesarepaleblue，andnotofmuchpromiseforspiritualgifts。Mouthsmall；featuresgenerallysmall，——dainty（MIGNONS）ratherthanbeautiful:——andthecountenancealtogetherissoinnocentandinfantine，youwouldthinkthisheadbelongedtoachildoftwelve。Herhairisblond，plentiful，curlinginnaturallocks。Teethareunhappilyverybad，blackandillset；whichareadisfigurementinthisfineface。
Shehasnomanners，northeleastvestigeoftact；hasmuchdifficultyinspeakingandmakingherselfunderstood:formostpartyouareobligedtoguesswhatshemeans；whichisveryembarrassing。"[Wilhelmina，ii。119—121。]
TheBerlingayeties——forKarl，Heir—ApparentofBrunswick，brothertothisPrincess—Royal，weddedhisCharlotte，too，aboutaweekhence[2dJuly，1733。]——didnotend，andthesereneGuestsdisappear，tillfaroninJuly。AfterwhichanInspectionwithPapa；andthenFriedrichgotbacktoRuppinandhisoldwayoflifethere。Intrinsicallytheoldstudious，quietlydiligentwayoflife；variedbymorefrequentexcursionstoBerlin；——whereasyetthePrincess—Royalusuallyresides，tillsomefitresidencebegotreadyintheRuppinCountryforaweddedCrown—Princeandher。
TheyoungWifehadanhonestguilelessheart；iflittlearticulateintellect，considerableinarticulatesense；didnotfailtolearntact，perpendicularattitude，speechenough；——andIhopekeptwellclearofpouting（FAIRELAFACHEE），amuchmoredangerousrockforher。Withthegaytemperofeighteen，andhernativeloyaltyofmind，sheseemstohaveshapedherselfsuccessfullytothePrince’staste；andgrowingyearlygracefulerandbetter—lookingwasanornamentandpleasantadditiontohisRuppinexistence。
Thesefirstsevenyears，spentatBerlinorintheRuppinquarter，shealwaysregardedastheflowerofherlife。[Busching（Autobiography，Beitrage，vi。）heardhersayso，inadvancedyears。]
Papa，accordingtopromise，hasfaithfullyprovidedaCrown—
PrincePalaceatBerlin；alltrimmedandfurnished，foroccasionalresidencesthere；thelate"GovernmentHouse"（originallySCHOMBERGHouse），new—built，——whichis，tothisday，oneofthedistinguishedPalacesofBerlin。Princess—RoyalhadSchonhausengivenher；apleasantRoyalMansionsomemilesoutofBerlin，ontheRuppinside。Furthermore，thePrince—Royal，beingnowaweddedman，has，asiscustomaryinsuchcase，aspecialAMT（GovernmentDistrict）setapartforhissupport；the"AmtofRuppin，"wherehisbusinesslies。WhattheexactrevenuesofRuppinare，isnotcommunicated；butwecanjustlyfeartheywerefartoofrugal，——
andexcusedtheunderhandborrowing，whichisevidentenoughasapainfulshadowinthePrince’slifehenceforth。Hedoesnotseemtohavebeenwasteful；butheborrowsallround，undersevenfoldsecrecy，frombenevolentCourts，fromAustria，Russia，England:
andtheonlypleasantcertaintywenoticeinsuchpainfulbusinessis，that，onhisAccession，hepayswithexactitude，——sendshisUncleGeorgeofEngland，forexample，thecompleteamountinrouleausofnewcoin，bythefirstcourierthatgoes。[Despatch（ofadjacentdate）intheState—PaperOfficehere。]
Athoughttoofrugal，hisPrussianMajesty；buthemeanstobekind，bountiful；andoccasionallylaunchesoutintohandsomemunificence。ThisveryAutumn，hearingthattheCrown—PrinceandhisPrincessfanciedReinsberg；anoldCastleintheirAmtRuppin，somemilesnorthofthem，——hisMajesty，withoutwordspoken，straightwaypurchasedReinsberg，SchlossandTerritory，fromtheowner；gaveittohisCrown—Prince，andgavehimmoneytonew—
builditaccordingtohismind。[23dOct。1733—16thMarch，1734
（Preuss，i。75）。]WhichtheCrown—Princedidwithmuchinterest，underverywisearchitecturaladvice，forthenextthreeyears；
thenwentintoit，toreside；——yetdidnotceasenew—building，improving，artisticallyadorning，tillitbecameinallpointstheimageofhistaste。
Areallyhandsomeprincelykindofresidence，thatofReinsberg:——
gotupwithathriftthatmostofallastonishesus。Inwhichimprovedlocalityweshallbyandbylookinuponhimagain。
ForthepresentwemusttoWarsaw，wheretragediesandtroublesareinthewind，whichturnouttobenotquitewithoutimportancetotheCrown—Princeandus。
ChapterVIII。
KINGAUGUSTDIES；ANDPOLANDTAKESFIRE。
Meanwhile，overatWarsaw，therehasanEventfallenout。
Friedrich，writingrapidlyfromvaguereminiscence，asheoftendoes，recordsitas"duringthemarriagefestivities；"
[OEuvres（MemoiresdeBrandenbourg），
i。163。]butitwasfourgoodmonthsearlier。Eventwemustnowlookatforamoment。
IntheendofJanuarylast，weleftGrumkowinalowandhypochondriacalstate，muchshakenbythatdrinking—boutatCrossen，whenthePolisbMajestyandheweresoanxioustopumponeanother，bycopiousprimingwithHungarywine。Aboutafortnightafter，inthefirstdaysofFebruaryfollowing（dayisnotgiven），Grumkowreportedsomethingcurious。"Inmypresence，"
saysWilhelmina，"andthatoffortypersons，"forthethingwasmuchtalkedabout，"GrumkowsaidtotheKingonemorning:
’AhSire，Iamindespair；thepoorPatroonisdead！Iwaslyingbroadawake，lastnight:allonasudden，thecurtainsofmybedflewasunder:Isawhim；hewasinashroud:hegazedfixedlyatme:Itriedtostartup，beingdreadfullytaken；butthephantomdisappeared！’"Herewasanillustriousghost—storyforBerlin，inadayortwowhentheCouriercame。"Diedattheverytimeofthephantom；Deathandphantomwerethesamenight，"sayWilhelminaandthemiraculousBerlinpublic，——butdonotsayWHATnightforeitherofthemitwas。[Wilhelmina，ii。98。Eventhappened，1stFebruary；newsofitcametoBerlin，4thFebruary:Fassmann（p。485）；Buchholz；&c。]Byhelpofwhichlattercircumstancethephantombecomesreasonablyunmiraculousagain，inanervoussystemtremulousfromdrink。"Theyhadbeensadatparting，"Wilhelminasays，"havingdrunkimmensitiesofHungarywine；thePatroonalmostweepingoverhisGrumkow:’Adieu，mydearGrumkow，’saidhe；"Ishallneverseeyoumore！’"
Miraculousornot，thecatastropheistrue:August，theoncePhysicallyStrong，liesdead；——andtherewillbenoPartitionofPolandforthepresent。HehadtheDietreadytoassemble；
waitingforhim，atWarsaw；andgoodtrainslaidintheDiet，capableoffortunateexplosionunderagoodengineer。
Engineer，alas！TheGrumkowdrinking—bouthadawakenedthatoldsoreinhisfoot:hecametoWarsaw，eagerenoughforbusiness；
butwithhisstockofstrengthallout，andDeathnowcloseuponhim。TheDietmet，26th—27thJanuary；engineerallalertaboutthegoodtrainslaid，andthefortunateexplodingofthem；when，almostonthemorrow——"Inflammationhascomeon！"saidtheDoctors，andwerefutiletohelpfarther。Thestrongbody，anditslife，wasdone；andnothingremainedbuttocallintheArchbishop，withhisextremeunctionsandsoul—apparatus。
Augustmadenomoaningorrecalcitrating；took，ontheprescribedterms，theinevitablethathadcome。Hasbeenaverygreatsinner，heconfessestotheArchbishop:"IhavenotatpresentstrengthtonamemymanyandgreatsinstoyourReverence，"saidhe；"Ihopeformercyonthe"——ontheusualrashterms。TermsperhapsknowntoAugusttoberash；tohavebeenfrightfullyrash；butwhatcanhenowdo？Archbishopthereupongivesabsolutionofhissins；
Archbishopdoes，——abaddish，unlikelykindofman，asAugustwellknows。August"laidhishandonhiseyes，"duringsuchsadabsolution—mummery；andinthatposturehadbreathedhislast，beforeitwaswellover。["Sunday，1stFebruary，1733，quarterpast4A。M。"（Fassmann，LebenFredericiAugustiKonigsinPohlen，pp。994—997）。]Unhappysoul；whoshalljudgehim？——transcendentKingofedaciousFlunkies；notwithoutfinequalities，whichheturnedtosuchauseamidthetemptationsofthisworld！
POLANDHASTOFINDANEWKING。
HisdeathbroughtvastmiseriesonPoland；kindledfoolishEuropegenerallyintofighting，andgaveourCrown—PrincehisfirstactualsightandexperienceofthefactsofWar。Forwhichreason，hardlyforanother，thethinghavingotherwiselittlememorabilityatpresent，letusgivesomebriefsynopsisofit，thebrieferthebetter。Here，excerptedfrommultifariousoldNote—books，aresomemainheadsoftheaffair:——
"OnthedisappearanceofAugusttheStrong，hisplansofPartitioningPolanddisappearedtoo，andhisfinetrainsintheDietabolishedthemselves。TheDiethadnownothingtodo，butproclaimthecomingElection，givingadatetoit；andgohometoconsideralittlewhomtheywouldelect。["Interregnumproclaimed，"11thFebruary；PreliminaryDiettomeet21stApril；——
meets；settles，beforeMayisdone，thattheElectionshallBEGIN
25thAugust:itmustENDinsixweeksthereafter，bylawoftheland。]AquestionweightytoPoland。AndnotlikelytobesettledbyPolandaloneorchiefly；thesublimeRepublic，withLIBERUM
VETO，andDietscapableonlyofanarchicnoise，havingnowreachedsuchastagethatitsNeighborseverywherestooduponitsskirts；
asking，’Whitherward，then，withyouranarchy？Notthisway；——wesay，thatway！’—andwereapttogettobattleaboutit，beforesuchathingcouldbesettled。Ahouse，inyourstreet，withperpetualsmokecomingthroughtheslatesofit，isnotapleasanthousetobeneighborto！Onehonestinteresttheneighborshave，inanElectionCrisisthere，Thatthehousedonotgetonfire，andkindlethem。Dishonestinterests，inthewayoftheftandotherwise，theymayhavewithoutlimit。
"Thepoorhouse，duringlastElectionCrisis，——whenAugusttheStrongwasflungout，andStanislausbroughtin；CrisispresidedoverbyCharlesXII。，withCzarPeterandothershangingontheoutskirts，asOppositionparty，——fairlygotintoflame；
[DescriptionofitinKohler，Munzbelustigungen，vi。228—230。]butwasquencheddownagainbythatstoutSwede；andhisStanislaus，anativePole，wasleftpeaceablyasKingfortheyearsthenrunning。Yearsran；andStanislauswasthrownout，Charleshimselfbeingthrownout；andhadtomakewayforAugusttheStrongagain:——anejectedStanislaus:Kingonlyintitle；knowntomostreadersofthistime。[StanislausLesczinsky，"WoywodeofPosen，"born1677:KingofPoland，CharlesXII。
superintending，1704（agethen27）；drivenout1709，wenttoCharlesXII。atBender；toZweibruck，1714；thence，onCharles’sdeath，toWeissenburg（Alsace，orStrasburgCountry）:DaughtermarriedtoLouisXV。，1725。Agenow56。——Hubner，t。97；
HistoiredeStanislasI。，RoidePologlne（EnglishTranslation，London，1741），pp。96—126；&c。]
"Poorman，hehasbeenlivinginZweibruck，inWeissenburgandsuchplaces，inthatDebatableFrench—Germanregion，——whichtheFrencharemoreandmoregettingstolentothemselves，inlatecenturies:——generallyontheoutskirtsofFrancehelives；
havingnowconnectionsofthehighestqualitywithFrance。HehashadfineCountry—housesinthatZweibruck（TWO—BRIDGE，Deux—Ponts）
region；hadalwaystheghostofaCourtthere；plentyofmoney，——
asinecureCountry—gentlemanlife；——andnocomplaintshavebeenheardfromhim。CharlesXII。，asproprietorofDeux—Ponts，hadfirstofallsenthimintothosepartsforrefuge；andingeneral，easydayshavebeenthelotofStanislausthere。
"NorhasHistoryspokenofhimsince，exceptononesmalloccasion:whentheFrenchPoliticianGentlemen，atacertaincrisisoftheirgame，choseaDaughterofhistobeWifeforyoungLouisXV。，andbringroyalprogeny，ofwhichtheywerescarce。
Thiswasin1724—1725；DucdeBourbon，andotherPoliticiansmaleandfemale，findingthatthebestmove。AthingwonderfultothethenGazetteers，forninedays；butnotnowworthmuchtalk。
ThegoodyoungLady，itiswellknown，averypiouscreature，andsoretriedinhernewstation，didbringroyalprogenyenough，——
andmightaswellhaveheldherhand，hadsheforeseenwhatwouldbecomeofthem，poorsouls！ThiswasagreateventforStanislaus，thesinecureCountry—gentleman，inhisFrench—Germanrustication。
OneotherthingIhavereadofhim，infinitelysmaller，outofthosetenyears:inZweibruckCountry，orsomewhereinthatFrench—Germanregion，he’builtapleasure—cottage，’conceivabletothemind，’andcalleditSCHUHFLICK（Shoe—Patch），’[Busching，Erdbeschreibung，v。1194。]——anamethattouchesone’sfancyonbehalfoftheinnocentsoul。OtherfactI
willnotrememberofhim。HeisnowtoquitShoe—PatchandhispleasantWeissenburgCastle；tocomeonthepublicstageagain，poorman；andsufferasecondseasonofmischancesanddisgracesstillworsethanthefirst。Asweshallseepresently；——anewPolishElectionCrisishavingcome！
"WhatindividualthePolishGrandeeswouldhavechosenforKingifentirelyleftalonetodoit？isaquestionnotimportant；
andindeedwasneverasked，inthisorinlateElections。NottheindividualwhocouldhaveBEENaKingamongthemwerethey，foralongtimeback，inthehabitofseekingafter；nothim，butanotherandindeedreversekindofindividual，——theoneinwhomtherelaymostNOURISHMENT，nourishmentofanykind，evenofthecashkind，forapracticalPolishGrandee。Sothatthequestionwasnolongeroftheleastimportance，toPolandortheUniverse；
andinpointoffact，thefrugalDestinieshadceasedtohaveitput，inthatquarter。NotGrandeesofPoland；butIntrusiveNeighbors，carryingGrandeesofPoland’intheirbreeches—pocket’
（asourphraseis），werethevotingparties。Tothatpassitwascome。UndersuchsternpenaltyhadPolandanditsGrandeesfallen，bydintoffalsevoting:thefrugalDestinieshadceasedtoaskabouttheirvote；andtheywerebecomemachinesforvotingwith，orpistolsforfightingwith，bybadNeighborswhocaredtovote！
NordidthefrugalDestiniesconsiderthatthepropermethod，either；buthad，asweshallsee，determinedtoabolishthattoo，inaboutfortyyearsmore。"
OFTHECANDIDATES；OFTHECONDITIONS。HOWTHEELECTIONWENT。
ItwasundersuchomensthatthePolishElectionof1733hadtotransactitself。Austria，Russia，Prussia，asnextNeighbors，werethechiefvotingparties，iftheycaredtointrude；——whichAustriaandRussiawereclearfordoing；Prussianotclear，ornotbeyondtheindispensableorevidentlyprofitable。Seckendorf，andoneLowenwoldetheRussianAmbassadoratBerlin，had，sometimeago，inforesightofthisevent，donetheirutmosttobringFriedrichWilhelmintoco—operation，——offeringfinebaits，"BergandJulich"
again，amongothers；——butnothingdefinitecameofit:peaceable，reasonablysafeElectioninPoland，otherinterestFriedrichWilhelmhasnotinthematter；andcompliance，notco—operation，iswhatcanbeexpectedofhimbytheKaiserandCzarina。
Co—operatingorevencomplying，thesethreecouldhavesettledit；
andwould，——hadnootherNeighborinterfered。Butotherneighborscaninterfere；anyneighborthathasmoneytospend，orlikestobullyinsuchamatter！Andthatprovedtobethecase，inthisunluckyinstance。
AustriaaudRussia，withPrussiacomplying，had，——ayearago，beforethelateAugust’sdecease，hislifeseemingthenanextremelyuncertainone，andforesightbeingalwaysgood，——
privatelycometoanunderstanding，[31stDecember，1731，"TreatyofLowenwolde"（whichnevergotcompletedorbecamevalid）:
Scholl，ii。223。]incaseofaPolishElection:——
"1。ThatFrancewastohavenohandinitwhatever，——notoolofFrancetobeKing；or，astheymorepolitelyexpressedit，havingtheireyeuponStanislaus，NoPiastornativePolecouldbeeligible。
"2。ThatneithercouldAugust’sSon，thenewAugust，whowouldthenbeKurfurstofSaxony，beadmittedKingofPoland。——And，onthewhole，"3。ThatanEmanuelPrinceofPortugalwouldbetheeligibleman。"
EmanuelofPortugal，KingofPortugal’sBrother；agentlemanwithoutemployment，ashisveryTitletellsus:gentlemanneverheardofbeforeorsince，inthosepartsorelsewhere，butdoubtlessofthedueharmlessquality，asPortugalitselfwas:
heistobethePolishKing，——votetheseIntrusiveNeighbors。
WhatthevoteofPolanditselfmaybe，theDestiniesdonot，oflate，ask；findingitasuperfluousquestion。
SohadtheThreeNeighborssettledthismatter:——orrather，Ishouldsay，sohadTwoofthem；forFriedrichWilhelmwanted，noworafterwards，nothinginthisElection，butthatitshouldnottakefireandkindlehim。TwooftheNeighbors:andofthesetwo，perhapswemightguesstheKaiserwastheprincipalcontriverandsuggester；FranceandSaxonybeingbothhatefultohim，——
obstinaterefusersofthePragmaticSanction，tosaynothingmore。
WhattheCzarina，Annewiththebigcheek，speciallywanted，Idonotlearn，——unlessitwerepeaceableholdofCourland；orperhapsmerelytoproduceherselfintheseparts，asakindofregulatingPallas，alongwiththeJupiterKaiserofWesternEurope；——whichmighthaveeffectsbyandby。
EmanuelofPortugalwasnotelected，norsomuchasspokenofintheDiet。NordidoneoftheseThreeRegulationstakeeffect；
butmuchthecontrary，——otherNeighborshavingthepowertointerfere。Francesawgoodtointerfere，aratherdistantneighbor；Austria，Russia，couldnotenduretheFrenchvoteatall；andsothewholeworldgotonfirebythebusiness。
FranceisnotanearNeighbor；butithasaStanislausmuchconcerned，whoiseminentlyundertheprotectionofFrance:——
whomaybecalledthe"FATHERofFrance，"inasense，oreventhe"Grandfather；"hisDaughterbeingMotherofayoungcreaturetheycallDauphin，or"ChildofFrance。"FleuryandtheFrenchCourtdecidethatStanislaus，GrandfatherofFrance，wasonceKingofPoland:thatitwillbehoove，forvariousreasons，hebeKingagain。SomesayoldFleurydidnotcareforStanislaus；
merelywantedaquarrelwiththeKaiser，——havinggothimselfinreadiness，"withLorraineinhiseye；"andseeingtheKaisernotready。Itislikelierthehotyoungspirits，Belleisleandothers，controlledoldFleuryintoit。Atallevents，Stanislausissummonedfromhisrustication；theFrenchAmbassadoratWarsawgetshisinstructions。FrenchAmbassadoropenshimselflargely，atWarsaw，byeloquentspeech，bycopiousmoney，onthesubjectofStanislaus；findslargeaudience，enthusiasticreceptivity；——andreaderswillnowunderstandthefollowingchronologicalphenomenaofthePolishElection:——
"AUGUST25th，1733。ThisdaythePolishElectionbegins。SohasthePreliminaryDiet（kindofPolishCAUCUS）orderedit；——
PreliminaryDietitselfaverystormymatter；minorityliketobe’thrownoutofwindow，’tobe’shotthroughthehead，’onsomeoccasions。[HistoryofStanislaus（citedabove），p。136。]ActualElectionbegins；continuesSUBDIO，’intheFieldofWola，’inaverytempestuousfashion；boundtoconcludewithinsixweeks。Kaiserhashistroopsassembledovertheborder，inSilesia，’toprotectthefreedomofelection；’
Czarinahas30，000underMarshalLacy，lyingontheedgeofLithuania，bentonalikeobject；willincreasethemto50，000，astheplotthickens。
"SothatEmanuelofPortugalisnotheardof；andFrenchinterferenceis，withavengeance，——andStanislaus，abornPiast，isoverwhelminglythefavorite。IntolerabletoAustria，toRussia；
thereversetoFriedrichWilhelm，whoprivatelythinkshimtherightman。AndKurfurstAugustofSaxonyistheotherCandidate，——
withtroopsofhisowninthedistance，butwithoutsupportinPoland；anddependingwhollyontheKaiserandCzarinaforhischance。Andour’threesettledpoints’aregonetowaterinthismanner！
"AugustseeingtherewasnottheleasthopeinPoland’sownvote，judiciouslywenttotheKaiserfirstofall:’ImperialMajesty，I
willacceptyourPragmaticSanctionrootandbranch，swallowitwhole；makemeKingofPoland！’——’Done！’answersImperialMajesty；
[16thJuly，1733；TreatyinScholl，ii。224—231。]bringstheCzarinaover，bygoodoffersofAugust’sandhis；——andnowthereisaneffectiveOppositionCandidateinthefield，withstrengthofhisown，andgoodbackingcloseathand。Austrian，RussianAmbassadorsatWarsawliftuptheirvoice，liketheFrenchone；
opentheirpurse，andbestirthemselves；butwithnosuccessintheFieldofWola，excepttothestirringupofnoiseandtumultthere。Theymustlooktootherfieldsforsuccess。ThevoiceofWolaandofPoland，ifithadnowavoice，isenthusiasticforStanislaus。
"SEPTEMBER7th。Acoupleofquiet—lookingMerchantsarriveinWarsaw，——oneofwhomisStanislausinperson。NewspaperssayheisintheFrenchFleetofWar，whichissailingminatorytowardstheseCoasts:andthereisintruthaGentlemaninStanislaus’sclothesonboardthere；——tomaketheNewspapersbelieve。
StanislaushimselfdrovethroughBerlin，adayortwoago；
gavethesentryaducatattheGate，tobespeedywiththePassports，——whomFriedrichWilhelmaffectedtoputunderarrestforsuchnegligentspeed。Andso，onthe10thofthemonth，Stanislausbeingnowrestedandtrimmed；makeshisappearanceontheFieldofWolaitself；andcaptivatesallheartsbythekindlookofhim。Sothat，ontheseconddayafter，12thSeptember，1733，heis，asitwere，unanimouslyelected；withacclamation，withenthusiasm；andseeshimselfactualKingofPoland，——ifFrancesendproperbackingtocontinuehimthere。As，surely，shewillnotfail？——ButtherearealarmingnewsthattheRussiansareadvancing:MarshalLacywith30，000；andreinforcementsintherearofhim。
"SEPTEBER22d。Russiansadvancingmoreandmore，noFrenchhelparrivedyet，andtheenthusiasticPolishChivalrybeinggoodfornothingagainstregularmusketry，——KingStanislausfindsthathewillhavetoquitWarsaw，andseekcovertsomewhere。QuitsWarsawthisday；getscovertinDantzig。And，infact，fromthis22dofSeptember，dayoftheautumnalequinox，1733，isafugitive，blockaded，besiegedStanislaus:anImaginaryKingthenceforth。
HisrealKingshiphadlastedpreciselytendays。
"OCTOBER3d。LacyandhisRussiansarriveinthesuburbsofWarsaw，intentupon’protectingfreedomofelection。’Bridgesbeingbroken，theydonotyetcrosstheRiver，butinvitethefreeelectorstocomeacrossandvote:’ArealKingisverynecessary，——Stanislausbeinganimaginaryone，broughtinbycompulsion，bythreatsofflingingpeopleoutofwindow，andthelike。’Thefreeelectorsdonotcross。Whereuponasmallhandful，nowfreeenough，andNOTtobethrownoutofwindow，whomLacyhadabouthim，proceedtoelectAugustofSaxony；he，onthe5thofOctober，stillonedaywithinthelegalsixweeks，ischosenanddeclaredtherealKing:——’twelvesenatorsandaboutsixhundredgentlemen’
votingforhimthere，freetheyinLacy’squarters，therestofPolandhavinglainundercompulsionwhenvotingforStanislaus。
ThatisthePolishElection，sofarasPolandcansettleit。
WesaidtheDestinieshadceased，sometimesince，toaskPolandforitsvote；itisotherpeoplewhohavenowgottherealpowerofvoting。ButthatisthecorrectstateofthepollatWarsaw，ifimportanttoanybody。"
AugustiscrownedinCracowbeforelong；"AugustIII。，"whomweshallmeetagaininimportantcircumstances。LacyandhisRussianshavevotedforAugust；able，they，todisperseallmannerofenthusiasticPolishChivalry；whichindeed，weobserve，usuallystandsbutonevolleyfromtheRussianmusketry；andflieselsewhither，toburnandplunderitsowndomesticenemies。Farandwide，robberyandarsonareprevalentinPoland；Stanislauslyingundercovert；inDantzig，——animaginaryKingeversincetheequinox，butwelltrustingthattheFrenchwillgivehimaplumpervote。FrenchWar—fleetissurelyunderwayhither。
POLANDONFIRE；DANTZIGSTANDSSIEGE。
ThesearethenewsourCrown—PrincehearsatRuppin，inthefirstmonthsofhisweddedlifethere。Withwhatinterestwemayfancy。
Brandenburgisnextneighbor；andthesePolishtroublesreachfarenough；——theever—smokinghousehavingtakenfire；andallthestreetthreateningtogetonblaze。FriedrichWilhelm，nearestneighbor，standsanxioustoquencth，carefullysweepingthehotcoalsacrossagainfromhisownborders；andwillnotinterfereononeortheotherside，foranypersuasion。
Dantzig，stronginconfidenceofFrenchhelp，refusestogiveupStanislauswhensummoned；willstandsiegerather。Standssiege，furiouslengthysiege，——withenthusiasticdefence；"aLadyofRankfiringoffthefirstgun，"againsttheRussianbatteries。OftheSiegeofDantzig，whichmadethenextSpringandSummerloudformankind（February—June，1734），weshallsaynothing，——ourownpoorfield，whichalsogrowsloudenough，lyingfarawayfromDantzig，———except:
FIRST，ThatnoFrenchhelpcame，orasgoodasnone；theminatoryWar—fleethavinglandedapoor1，500men，headedbytheComtedePlelo，whohadvolunteeredalongwiththem；thattheyattemptedoneonslaughtontheRussianlines，andthatPlelowasshot，andtherestwereblowntomiscellaneousruin，andhadtodisappear，notoncegettingintoDantzig。SECONDLY，ThattheSaxons，underWeissenfels，ourpooroldfriend，withpropersiege—artillery，thoughnotwithenough，did，byeffort（endofMay），getuponthescene；inwhichthisistoberemarked，thatWeissenfels’ssiege—
artillery"camebypost；"twobigmortarsexpresslypassingthroughBerlin，markedaspartoftheDukeofWeissenfels’sLuggage。AndTHIRDLY，ThatMunnich，whohadsucceededLacyasBesiegingGeneral，andwasinhothaste，andhadnotartilleryenough，madeunheard—ofassaults（2，000men，somesay4，000，lostinonenight—attackuponaposttheycalltheHagelberg；
rashattack，muchblamedbymilitarymen）；[OEuvresdeFrederic，xxvii。part2d，p。31。]——butnevertheless，havingnow（byRussianFleet，middleofJune）gotsiege—artilleryenough，advancesirrepressiblydaybyday。
Sothatatlength，thingsbeingnowdesperate，Stanislaus，disguisedasacattle—dealer，privatelyquittedDantzig，nightof27thJune，1734；gotacrosstheintricatemud—and—waterdifficultiesoftheWeichselanditsmouths，flyingperilouslytowardsPreussenandFriedrichWilhelm’sprotection。[Narrativebyhimself，inHISTORY，pp。235—248。]WherebytheSiegeofDantzigendedinchamade，andlevyingofpenalties；penaltiesseveretoadegree，thoughFriedrichWilhelmintercededwhathecould。
AndwiththeSiegeofDantzig，theblazingPolishElectionwentoutinlikemanner；[Clearaccount，especiallyofSiege，inMannstein（pp。71—83），whowasthereasMunnich’sAide—de—damp。]——
havingalreadykindled，inquartersfarawayfromit，conflagrationsquiteotherwiseinterestingtous。
Whitherwardwenowhasten。
ChapterIX。
KAISER’SSHADOW—HUNTHASCAUGHTFIRE。
FranzofLorraine，theyoungfavoriteofFortune，whomweoncesawatBerlinonaninterestingoccasion，wasaboutthistimetohavemarriedhisImperialArchduchess；Kaiser’sconsenttobeformallydemandedandgiven；nothingbutjoyandsplendorlookedforintheCourtofViennaatpresent。Nothingtopreventit，——hadtherebeennoPolishElection；hadnottheKaiser，inhisShadow—Hunt（coursingthePragmaticSanctionchiefly，ashehasdonethesetwentyyearspast），gonerashlyintothatcombustibleforeignelement。Butsoitis:thiswasthefatallimit。ThepoorKaiser’sShadow—Hunt，goingScot—freethislongwhile，andmerelytormentingotherpeople，has，atthispoint，bycontactwithinflammablePoland，unexpectedlyitselfcaughtfire；goesnowplunging，allinmadflame，overprecipicesoneknowsnothowdeep:andtherewillbealamentablesingeingandsmashingbeforetheKaisergetoutofthis，ifheeverget！KaiserKarl，fromthispoint，plungesdownanddown，allhisdays；andexceptinthatShadowofaPragmaticSanction，ifhecanstillsavethat，hasnocomfortleft。Marriagesarenotthethingtobethoughtofatpresent！——
ScarcelyhadthenewsofAugust’sElection，andStanislaus’sflighttoDantzig，reachedFrance，whenFrance，allinastateofreadiness，informedtheKaiser，readyfornothing，hisforcelyinginSilesia，doingtheElectionfunctionsonthePolishbordersthere，"ThathetheKaiserhad，bysuchtreatmentoftheGrandfatherofFranceandthePolishKingdomfairlyfallentohim，insultedthemostChristianMajesty；thatinconsequencethemostChristianMajestydidherebydeclareWaragainstthesaidKaiser，"——andinfacthad，thatveryday（14thofOctober，1733），begunit。HadmarchedoverintoLorraine，namely，securedLorraineagainstaccidents；and，morespecially，goneacrossfromStrasburgtotheGermansideoftheRhine，andlaidsiegetoKehl。
KehlFortress；adilapidatedoutpostoftheReichthere，whichcannotresistmanyhours。HereisnewsfortheKaiser，withhisfewtroopsallonthePolishborders；mindinghisneighbors’
business，orchasingPragmaticSanction，inthoseinflammablelocalities。
PacificFleury，itmustbeowned，ifhewantedaquarrelwiththeKaiser，couldnothavemanageditonmoreadvantageousterms。
Generals，aDucdeBerwick，aNoailles，Belleisle；generals，troops，artillery，munitions，nothingiswantingtoFleury；totheKaiserallthings。Itissurmised，theFrenchhadtheireyeonLorraine，notonStanislaus，fromthefirst。Formanycenturies，especiallyfortheselasttwo，——eversincethatSiegeofMetz，whichweoncesaw，underKaiserKarlV。andAlbertAlcibiades，——
FrancehasbeenwrenchingandscrewingatthisLorraine，wrigglingitoffbitbybit；tillnow，asweperceivedonLytteltonjuniorofHagley’svisit，Lorraineseemsalllyingunscrewed；andFrance，byanygoodopportunity，couldstickitinherpocket。SuchopportunityslyFleurycontrived，theysay；——ormorelikelyitmightbeBelleisleandtheotheradventurousspiritsthaturgeditonpacificFleury；——but，atallevents，hehasgotit。DilapidatedKehlyieldsstraightway:[29thOctober，1733。MemoiresduMarechaldeBerwick（inPetitot’eCollection，Paris，1828），ii。303。]Sardinia，Spain，declarealliancewithFleury；
andnotLorraineonly，andtheSwabianProvinces，butItalyitselfliesathisdiscretion，——owingtoyourtreatmentoftheGrandfatherofFrance，andthesePolishElectivemethods。
TheastonishedKaiserrushesforwardtoflinghimselfintothearmsoftheSea—Powers，hisoneresourceleft:"Help！moneys，subsidies，yeSea—Powers！"ButtheSea—Powersstandobtuse，armsnotopenatall，handsbuttoningtheirpockets:"Sorrywecannot，yourImperialMajesty。FleuryengagesnottotouchtheNetherlands，theBarrierTreaty；PolishElectionsarenotourconcern！"andcallouslydecline。TheKaiser’sastonishmentisextreme；hisbigheartswellingevenwithamartyr—feeling；andhepassionatelyappeals:"Ungrateful，blindSea—Powers！NomoneytofightFrance，sayyou？AretheLawsofNaturefallenvoid？"
Imperialastonishment，sublimemartyr—feeling，passionateappealstotheLawsofNature，availnothingwiththeblindSea—Powers:
"Nomoneyinus，"answerthey:"wewillhelpyoutonegotiate。"——
"Negotiate！"answershe:andwillhavetopayhisownElectionbroken—glass，withasublimemartyr—feeling，withoutmoneyfromtheSea—Powers。
FleuryhasgottheSardinianMajesty；"SardiniandoorkeeperoftheAlps，"whoopensthemnowthisway，nowthat，foraconsideration:
"AsliceoftheMilanese，yourMajesty；"bargainsFleury。
FleuryhasgottheSpanishMajesty（ourviolentoldfriendtheTermagantofSpain）persuadedtojoin:"YourinfantCarlosmadeDukeofParmaandPiacenza，withsuchdifficulty:whatisthat？
Naplesitself，crownoftheTwoSicilies，liesinthewindforCarlos；——andyourjuniorinfant，greatMadam，hashenoneedofapanages？"TheTermagantofSpain，"offendedbyPragmaticSanction"（shesays），isreadyonthoseterms；theSardinianMajestyisready:andFleury，thissameOctober，withanoverwhelmingforce，SpaniardsandSardinianstojoin，invadesItaly；greatMarshalVillarshimselftakingthecommand。
MarshalVillars，anextremelyeminentoldmilitarygentleman，——
somewhatofafriend，orhusbandofalady—friend，toM。deVoltaire，foronething；——andcapableofslicingItalytopiecesatafinerate，intheconditionitwasin。
NeverhadKaisersuchabillofbroken—glasstopayformeddlinginneighbors，electionsbefore。Theyearwasnotyetended，whenVillarsandtheSardinianMajestyhaddonetheirstrokeonLombardy；takenMilanCitadel，takenPizzighetone，theMilaneseinwhole，andappropriatedit；sweptthepoorunpreparedKaiserclearoutofthoseparts。BabyCarlosandtheSpaniardsaretodotheTwoSicilies，Naplesorthelandonetobeginwith，weretheWintergone。Forthepresent，LouisXV。"singsTEDEUM，atParis，23dDecember，1733"[FastesduRegnedeLouisXV。（Paris，1766），i。248。]——amerryChristmasthere。
Villars，nowabovefour—score，soondiedofthosefatigues；
variousMarshals，Broglio，Coigny，Noailles，succeedinghim，someofwhomareslightlynotabletous；andtherewasoneMaillebois，stillasubordinateunderthem，whosenamealsomayreappearinthisHistory。
SUBSEQUENTCOURSEOFTHEWAR，INTHEITALIANPARTOFIT。
TheFrench—AustrianWar，whichhadnowbrokenout，lastedacoupleofyears；theKaisersteadilylosing，thoughhedidhisutmost；
notsomuchaWar，onhispart，asaBeingBeatenandBeingStript。TheScenewasItalyandtheUpper—RhineCountryofGermany；Italythedecidingscene；where，exceptasitbearsonGermany，ourinterestisnothing，asindeedinGermanytooitisnotmuch。Theprincipalevents，onbothstages，arechronologicallysomewhatasfollows；——beginningwithItaly:——
MARCH29th，1734。BabyCarloswithaDukeofMontemarforGeneral，adifficultimpetuousgentleman，veryhaughtytotheFrenchalliesandothers，landsinNaplesTerritory；intendingtoseizetheTwoSicilies，accordingtobargain。TheyfindtheKaiserquiteunprepared，andtheirenterpriseextremelyfeasible。
"MAY10th。BabyCarlos——whomweoughttocallDonCarlos，whoisnoweighteengone，andabletoridethegreathorse——makestriumphantentryintoNaples，havingeasilyswepttheroadclear；
styleshimself’KingoftheTwoSicilies’（Papahavingsurrenderedhimhis’right’there）；whomNaples，inallranksofit，willinglyhomagesassuch。WrecksofKaiser’sforcesintrenchthemselves，ratherstrongly，ataplacecalledBitonto，inApulia，notfaroff。
"MAY25th。Montemar，inanimpetuousmanner，stormsthemthere:——
whichfeatprocuresforhimthetitle，DukeofBitonto；andfinishesofftheFirstoftheSicilies。Andindeed，wemaysay，finishesBoththeSicilies:ourpoorKaiserhavingnoconsiderableforceineither，normeansofsendingany；theSea—Powershavingbuttonedtheirpockets，andtheCombinedFleetofFranceandSpainbeingonthewatersthere。