ForDutchWilliamwasofkin，wesay；FriedrichI。ofPrussia，byhisMotherthenobleWifeoftheGreatElector，wasfullcousintoDutchWilliam:andtheMarriageContractswereexpress，——thoughtheHighMightinessesmadedifficulties，andthecollateralOrangebrancheswereabundantlyreluctant，whenitcametothefulfillingpoint。Forindeedthematterwasintricate。Orangeitself，forexample，whatwastobedonewiththePrincipalityofOrange？
ClearlyPrussia’s；butitliesimbeddeddeepinthebellyofFrance，thatwillbeaCaesarean—Operationforyou！HadnotNeuchatelhappenedjustthentofallhometoFrance（orinsomemeasuretoFrance）andbeheirless，Prussia’sHeritageofOrangewouldhavedonelittleforPrussia！PrincipalityofOrangewas，bythischance，longsince，mainlyintheFirstKing’stime，gotsettled:[Neuchatel，3dNovember，1707，toFriedrichI。，nativespreferringhimto"FifteenotherClaimants；"LouisXIV。loudlyprotesting:nottillTreatyofUtrecht（14thMarch1713，firstmonthofFriedrichWilhelm’sreign）wouldLouisXIV。，oncessionofOrange，consentandsanction。]butthereneededmanyyearsmoreofgoodwaiting，andofgoodpushing，onFriedrichWilhelm’spart；
anditwasnottill1732thatFriedrichWilhelmgottheDutchHeritagesfinallybroughttothesquare:NeuchatelandValengin，asaforesaid，inlieuofOrange；andnowfurthermore，theOldPalaceatLoo（thatVIEILLECOURandbiggestcobwebs），withpertinents，withGardenofHonslardik；andastringofitems，biggerandless，notworthenumerating。Oftheitems，thisHerstalwasone；——andtruly，sofarasthiswent，FriedrichWilhelmoftenthoughthehadbetterneverhaveseenit，somuchtroublediditbringhim。
HOWTHEHERSTALLERSHADBEHAVEDTOFRIEDRICHWILHELM。
TheHerstalpeople，knowingthePrussianrecruitingsystemandotherrigors，wereextremelyunwillingtocomeunderFriedrichWilhelm’ssway，couldtheyhavehelpedit。Theyrefusedfealty，sworetheyneverwouldswear:nordidthey，tilltheappearance，orindubitableforeshine，ofFriedrichWilhelm’sbayonetsadvancingonthemfromtheEast，broughtcompliance。Andalwaysafter，spiteofsuchquasi—fealty，theyshowedapig—likeobstinacyofhumor；acertaininsignificant，andasitwereimpertinent，deep—rooteddesiretothwart，irritateandcontradictthesaidFriedrichWilhelm。Especiallyinanyrecruitingmatterthatmightarise，knowingthattobetheweaksideofhisPrussianMajesty。Allthiswouldhaveamountedtonothing，haditnotbeenthattheirneighbor，thePrinceBishopofLiege，whoimaginedhimselftohavesomeobscureclaimsofsovereigntyoverHerstal，andthoughtthepresentagoodopportunityforassertingthese，wasdiligenttoaidandabettheHerstalpeopleinsuchtheirmutinousacts。Obscureclaims；ofwhichthisisthesummary，shouldthereadernotprefertoskipit:——
"TheBishopofLiege’sclaimsonHerstal（whichliewraptfrommankindintheextensivejungleofhislaw—pleadings，likeaBedlamhappilyfallenextinct）seemtometohavegrownmainlyfromtwofactsmoreorlessradical。
"FACTFIRST。InKaiserBarbarossa’stime，year1171，HerstalhadbeengiveninpawntotheChurchofLiege，foraloan，bythethenproprietor，DukeofLorraineandBrabant。Loanwasrepaid，Idonotlearnwhen，andthePawngivenback；tothesatisfactionofsaidDuke，orDuke’sHeirs；neverquitetothesatisfactionoftheChurch，whichhadbeeninpossession，andwasloathtoquit，afterhopingtocontinue。’GiveusbackHerstal；itoughttobeours！’
Unappeasablesighorgrumbletothiseffectisheardthenceforth，atintervals，intheChapterofLiege，andhasnotceasedinFriedrich’stime。Butastheworld，initsloudthoroughfares，seldomorneverheard，orcouldhear，suchsighingintheChapter，nothinghadcomeofit，——till——
"FACTSECOND。InKaiserKarlV。’stime，thePrinceBishopofLiegehappenedtobeaNaturalSonofoldKaiserMax’s；——andhadfriendsatheadquarters，ofaverychoicenature。Had，namely，inthissort，KaiserKarlforNepheworHalf—Nephew；andwhatperhapswasstillbetter，asnearerhand，hadKarl’sAunt，MariaQueenofHungary，thenGovernessoftheNetherlands，forHalf—Sister。
Liege，inthesechoicecircumstances，andbyothergoodchancesthatturnedup，againgottemporaryclutchorhalf—clutchofHerstal，foracoupleofyears（date1546—1548，thePrinceofOrange，realproprietor，whoseAncestorhadboughtitformoneydown，beingthenaminor）；once，andperhapsasecondtimeinlikecircumstance；buthadalwaystorenounceitagain，whenthePrinceofOrangecametomaturity。Andeversince，theChapterofLiegesighsasbefore，’Herstalisperhapsinasenseours。Wehadoncesomekindofrighttoit！’——sighinaudibleintheloudpublicthoroughfares。ThatistheBishop’sclaim。Thenameofhim，ifanybodycareforit，is’GeorgLudwig，titularCOUNTOFBERG，’nowaveryoldman:BishopofLiege，he，andhasbeensnatchingatHerstalagain，veryeagerlybyanyskirtortagragthatmighthappentoflyloose，theseeightyearspast，inarashandprovokingmanner；[DelicesduPaisdeLiege
（Liege，1738）；Helden—Geschichte，
ii。57—62。]——ageeighty—twoatpresent；pooroldfool，hehadbetterhavesatquiet。Thereliesarodinpickleforhim，duringtheselatemonths；andwillbesurprisinglylaidon，werethetimecome！"
"IhaveLawAuthorityoverHerstal，andpowerofjudgingthereinthelastappeal，"saidthisBishop:——"You！"thoughtFriedrichWilhelm，whowasfaroff，andhadlittletimetowaste。——
"AnyPrussianrecruiterthatbehavesill，bringhimtome！"saidtheBishop，whowasonthespot。Andaccordinglyithadbeendone；
onenotableinstancetwoyearsago:aPrussianLieutenantlockedintheLiegejail，oncomplaintofriotousHerstal；thereuponaPrussianOfficerofrank（ColonelKreutzen，worthyoldMalplaquetgentleman）comingasRoyalMessenger，notadmittedtoaudience，naylaidholdofbytheLiegebailiffinstead；andotherunheard—
ofprocedures。[Helden—Geschichte，ii。
63—73。]SothatFriedrichWilhelmhadnothingbuttroublewiththispettyHerstal，andmusthavethoughthisneighborBishopaverycontentioushigh—flyinggentleman，whotookgreatlibertieswiththeLion’swhiskers，whenhehadthebiganimalatanadvantage。
Theepiscopalprocedures，eightyearsago，abouttheFirstHomagingofHerstal，hadbeenofsimilarcomplexion；norhadothersuchfailedintheinterim，thoughthislastoutrageexceededthemall。Thislastbeganintheendof1738；andspanitselfoutthrough1739，whenFriedrichWilhelmlayinhisfinalsickness，lessabletodealwithitthanformerly。Beingapeaceableman，unwillingtoawakenconflagrationsforasmallmatter，FriedrichWilhelmhadoffered，throughKreutzenonthisoccasion，topartwithHerstalaltogether；tosellit，for100，000thalers，say16，000pounds，tothehigh—flyingBishop，andhonestlywashhishandsofit。Butthehigh—flyingBishopdidnotconsent，gavenodefiniteanswer；andsothematterlay，——likeanunsettledextremelyirritatingpaltrylittlematter，——atthetimeFriedrichWilhelmdied。
TheGazetteersandpublicknewlittleabouttheseparticulars，orhadforgottenthemagain；butatthePrussianCourttheywereinlivelyremembrance。WhattheyoungFriedrich’sopinionaboutthemhadbeenwegatherfromthissuccinctnoticeofthething，writtensevenoreightyearsafterwards，exactinallpoints，andstillcarryingabreathoftheoldhumorinit。"AmiserableBishopofLiegethoughtitaproudthingtoinsultthelateKing。
SomesubjectsofHerstal，whichbelongstoPrussia，hadrevolted；
theBishopgavethemhisprotection。ColonelKreutzenwassenttoLiege，tocomposethethingbytreaty；credentialswithhim，fullpower，andallinorder。Imagineit，theBishopwouldnotreceivehim！Threedays，dayafterday，hesawthisEnvoyapplyathisPalace，andalwaysdeniedhimentrance。Thesethingshadgrownpastendurance。"[Preuss，OEuvres（MemoiresdeBrandebourg），enditalic>ii。53。]AndFriedrichhadtakennoteofHerstalalongwithhim，onthisCleveJourney；privatelyintendingtoputHerstalandthehigh—flyingBishoponasuitablerfooting，beforehisreturnfromthosecountries。
Forindeed，onFriedrich’sAccession，mattershadgrownworse，notbetter。OfcoursetherewasFealtytobesworn；buttheHerstalpeople，abettedbythehigh—flyingBishop，havedeclinedswearingit。Apologyforthepast，prospectofamendmentforthefuture，thereislessthanever。WhatistheyoungKingtodowiththispaltrylittleHamletofHerstal？Hecould，intheory，gointosomeReichs—Hofrath，someReichs—Kammergericht（kindoftrebleandtenfoldEnglishCourt—of—Chancery，whichhaslawsuits250yearsold），——ifhewereatheoreticGermanKing。HecanpleadintheDiets，andtheWetzlarReichs—Kammergerichtwithoutend:
"AllGermanSovereignshavepowertosendtheirAmbassadorthither，whoislikeamastiffchainedintheback—yard[observesFriedrichelsewhere]withprivilegeofbarkingattheMoon，"——
unrestrictedprivilegeofbarkingattheMoon，ifthatwillavailapracticalman，orKing’sAmbassador。OrperhapstheBishopofLiegewillbethinkhim，atlast，whatconsiderablelibertyheistakingwithsomepeople’swhiskers？Fourmonthsaregone；
BishopofLiegehasnotintheleastbethoughthim:weareintheneighborhoodinperson，withnoteofthethinginourmemory。
FRIEDRICHTAKESTHERODOUTOFPICKLE。
AccordinglytheRathRambonet，whomVoltairefoundatMoylandthatSundaynight，hadbeenoveratLiege；wentexactlyaweekbefore；
withthismessageofveryperemptorytenorfromhisMajesty:——
TOTHEPRINCEBISHOPOFLIEGE。
"WESEL，4thSeptember，1740。
"MYCOUSIN，——Knowingalltheassaults（ATTEINTES）madebyyouuponmyindisputablerightsovermyfreeBaronyofHerstal；andhowtheseditiousringleadersthere，forseveralyearspast，havebeencountenanced（BESTARKET）byyouintheirdetestableactsofdisobedienceagainstme，——IhavecommandedmyPrivyCouncillorRambonettorepairtoyourpresence，andinmynametorequirefromyou，withintwodays，adistinctandcategoricalanswertothisquestion:WhetheryouarestillmindedtoassertyourpretendedsovereigntyoverHerstal；andwhetheryouwillprotecttherebelsatHerstal，intheirdisordersandabominabledisobedience？
"Incaseyourefuse，ordelaybeyondtheterm，theAnswerwhichI
herebyofrightdemand，youwillrenderyourselfaloneresponsible，beforetheworld，fortheconsequenceswhichinfalliblywillfollow。Iam，withmuchconsideration，——
MyCousin，——
"YourveryaffectionateCousin，"FRIEDRICH。"
[Helden—Geschichte，ii。75，111。]
RambonethadstartedstraightwayforLiege，withthismissive；
andhaddulypresenteditthere，Iguessonthe7th，——withnoticethathewouldwaitforty—eighthours，andthenreturnwithwhatanswerorno—answertheremightbe。Gettingnowrittenanswer，ordistinctverbalone；gettingonlysomevaguemumblementasgoodasnone，RambonethaddisappearedfromLiegeonthe9th；andwashomeatMoylandwhenVoltairearrivedthatSundayevening，——justwalkingabouttocometoheatagain，afterreportiagprogresstotheaboveeffect。
Rambonet，Ijudge，enjoyedonlyoneofthosedivineSuppersatMoyland；anddashedoffagain，"onhiredhack"orotherwise，theverynextmorning；thatcontingencyofNo—answerhavingbeentheanticipatedone，andallthingsputinperfectreadinessforit。
Rambonet’snewerrandwasto"takeact，"asVoltairecallsit，"attheGatesofLiege，"——todeliveratLiegeasuccinctManifesto，PairofManifestoes，bothinPrint（readybeforehand），andbearingdatethatsameSunday，"Wesel，11thSeptember；"muchcalculatedtoamazehisReverenceatLiege。SuccinctgoodManifestoes，saidtobeofFriedrich’sownwriting；theessentialofthetwoisthis:——
ExpositionoftheReasonswhichhaveinducedhisMajestytheKingofPrussiatomakejustReprisalsonthePrinceBishopofLiege。
"HisMajestytheKingofPrussia，beingdrivenbeyondboundsbytherudeproceedingsofthePrinceBishopofLiege，haswithregretseenhimselfforcedtorecurtotheMethodofArms，inordertorepresstheviolenceandaffrontwhichtheBishophasattemptedtoputuponhim。ThisresolutionhascosthisMajestymuchpain；theratherasheis，byprincipleanddisposition，farremotefromwhatevercouldhavetheleastrelationtorigorandseverity。
"ButseeinghimselfcompelledbytheBishopofLiegetotakenewmethods，hehadnoothercoursebuttomaintainthejusticeofhisrights（LAJUSTICEDESESDROITS），anddemandreparationfortheindignitydoneuponhisMinisterVonKreuzen，aswellasforthecontemptwithwhichtheBishopofLiegehasneglectedeventoanswertheLetteroftheKing。
"Astoomuchrigorbordersuponcruelty，sotoomuchpatienceresemblesweakness。Thus，althoughtheKingwouldwillinglyhavesacrificedhisintereststothepublicpeaceandtranquillity，itwasnotpossibletodosoinreferencetohishonor；andthatisthechiefmotivewhichhasdeterminedhimtothisresolution，socontrarytohisintentions。
"Invainhasitbeenattempted，bymethodsofmildness，tocometoafriendlyagreement:ithasbeenfound，onthecontrary，thattheKing’smoderationonlyincreasedthePrince’sarrogance；
thatmildnessofconductononesideonlyfurnishedresourcestoprideontheother；andthat，infine，insteadofgainingbysoftprocedure，onewasinsensiblybecominganobjectofvexationanddisdain。
"Therebeingnomeanstohavejusticebutindoingitforoneself，andtheKingbeingSovereignenoughforsuchaduty，——heintendstomakethePrinceofLiegefeelhowfarhewasinthewrongtoabusesuchmoderationsounworthily。ButinspiteofsomuchunhandsomebehavioronthepartofthisPrince，theKingwillnotbeinflexible；satisfiedwithhavingshownthesaidPrincethathecanpunishhim，andtoojusttooverwhelmhim。FREDERIC。
"WESEL，September11th，174O。"
[Helden—Geschichte，ii。77。SaidtobebyFriedrichhimself（Stenzel，iv。59）。]
WhetherRambonetinsinuatedhisPaper—PacketintothePalaceofSeraing，leftitattheGateofLiege（fixedbynail，ifhesawgood），orinwhatmannerhe"tookact，"Ineverknew；andindeedRambonetvanishesfromhumanHistoryatthispoint:itiscertainonlythathedidhisFormality，saytwodayshence；——andthattheFactforeshadowedbyitislikewiseinthesamehours，hourafterhour，gettingsteadilydone。
FortheManifestoesprintedbeforehand，datedWesel，11thSeptember，werenottheonlythingreadyatWesel；waiting，asontheslip，forthecontingencyofNo—answer。Major—GeneralBorck，withthedueBattalions，squadronsandequipments，wasalsoready。
Major—GeneralBorck，thesamewhowaswithusatBaireuthlately，hadjustreturnedfromthatjourney，whenhegotorderstocollect2，000men，horseandfoot，withthedueproportionofartillery，fromthePrussianGarrisonsintheseparts；andtobereadyformarchingwiththem，theinstantthecontingencyofNo—answerarrives，——Sunday，11th，ascanbeforeseen。Borckknowshisroute:
ToMaaseyk，arespectableTownoftheBishop’s，thehandiestforWesel；tooccupyMaaseykandtheadjoining"CountiesofLotzandHorn；"andliethereattheBishop’schargetillhisReverence’smindalter。
Borckisready，tothelastpontoon，thelastmunition—loaf；
andnosoonerissignalgivenoftheNo—answercome，thanBorck，thatsame"Sunday，11th，"getsunderway；marches，steadyasclock—work，towardsMaaseyk（fiftymilessouthwestofhim，distancenowlesseningeveryhour）；crossestheMaas，byhelpofhispontoons；isnowintheBishop’sTerritory，andentersMaaseyk，eveningof"Wednesday，14th，"——thatverydayVoltaireandhisMajestyhadparted，goingdifferentwaysfromMoyland；andprobablyaboutthesamehourwhileRambonetwas"takingactattheGateofLiege，"bynail—hammerorotherwise。Allgoespunctual，swift，coghittingpinionfarandnear，inthissmallHerstalBusiness；andthereisnomistakemade，andaminimumoftimespent。
Borck’smanagementwasthroughoutgood:punctual，quietlyexact，polite，mildlyinflexible。FainwouldtheMaaseykTown—Bathshaveshuttheirgatesonhim；desperatelyconjuringhim，"Respiteforafewhours，tillwesendtoLiegeforinstructions！"Butitwastonopurpose。"Unbolt，IHRHERREN；swift，orthepetardwillhavetodoit！"BorckpublisheshisProclamation，amild—spokenrigorousPiece；signifiestotheMaaseykAuthorities，ThathehastoexactaContributionof20，000thalers（3，000pounds）here，Contributionpayableinthreedays；thathefurthermore，whilehecontinuesintheseparts，willneedsuchandsuchrations，accommodations，allowances，——"fiftyLOUIS（sayguineas）dailyforhisownprivateexpenses，"oneitem；——and，inmildrhadamanthinelanguage，wavesasideallremonstrance，refusalordelay，assuperfluousconsiderations:UnlesssaidContributionandrequiredsuppliescomein，itwillbehispainfuldutytobringthemin。
[Helden—Geschichte，i。427；ii。113。]
Thehigh—flyingBishop，muchastonished，doesnoweagerlyanswerhisPrussianMajesty，"Wasfromhome，wasill，thoughthehadanswered；isthemostill—usedofBishops；"andotherthingsofahystericcharacter。[Ib。ii。85，86（date，16thSeptember）。]
Andtherecameforth，asnaturaltothesituation，multitudinouscomplainings，manifestoings，applicationstotheKaiser，totheFrench，totheDutch，ofaveryshriekycharacterontheBishopofLiege’spart；sparingly，ifatallnoticedonFriedrich’s:
thewholeofwhichweshallconsiderourselvesfreetoleaveundisturbedintherubbish—abysses，ashenceforthconceivabletothereader。"SEDSPEMSTUPENDEFEFELLITEVENTUS，"shrieksthepooroldBishop，makingmoantotheKaiser:"ECCEENIM，PRAEMISSA
DUNTAXATUNALITERA，oneLetter，"andlittlemore，"thesaidKingofBorussiahas，withabout2，000horseandfoot，andwarlikeengines，inthismonthofSeptember，enteredtheTerritoryofLiege；"[Helden—Geschichte，ii。88。]whichisanundeniabletruth，butanunavailing。Borckisthere，and"2，000goodargumentswithhim，"asVoltairedefinesthephenomenon。Friedrich，excepttoexplainpertinentlywhatmyreadersalreadyknow，doesnotwriteorspeakfartheronthesubject；andreadersandhemayconsidertheHerstalAffair，thussetagoingunderBorck’sauspices，asineffectfinished；andthathisMajestyhasleftitonasatisfactoryfooting，andmaysafelyturnhisbackonit，towaitthesureissueatBerlinbeforelong。
WHATVOLTAIRETHOUGHTOFHERSTAL。
Voltairetoldushehimself"didoneManifesto，goodorbad，"onthisHerstalbusiness:——whereisthatPiece，then，whathasbecomeofit？DigwellintherealmsofChaos，rectifyingstupiditiesmoreorlessenormous，thePieceitselfisstilldiscoverable；
and，werepiecesbyVoltairemuchararityinsteadofthereverse，mightberesuscitatedbyagoodEditor，andprintedinhisWORKS。
Liesburiedinthelonesomerubbish—mountainsofthat
Helden—Geschichte，——letaSISTEVIATOR，scratchedonthesurface，markwhere。[Ib。ii。98—98。]ApparentlythatisthePiecebyVoltaire？Yes，onreadingthat，ithaseveryinternalevidence；distinguishesitselffromthesurroundingpieces，likeaslabofcompactpolishedstone，inafloorrammedtogetheroutofruinousoldbricks，brokenbottlesandmortar—dust；——agrees，too，ifyouexaminebythemicroscope，withtheexternalindications，whicharesureandatlastclear，thoughinfinitesimallysmall；
andisbeyonddoubtVoltaire’s，ifitwerenowgoodformuch。
ItisnotproperlyaManifesto，butananonymousmemoirpublishedintheNewspapers，explainingtoimpartialmankind，inalegiblebriefmanner，whattheoldandrecentHistoryofHerstal，andtheTroublesofHerstal，havebeen，andhowchimericaland"nulltotheextremeofnullity（NULLESDETOUTNULLITE）"thispoorBishop’spretensionsuponitare。VoltaireexpresslypiqueshimselfonthisPiece；[LettertoPriedrich:dateless，datable"soonafter17thSeptember；"whichtherashdarkEditorshavebyguessmisdated"August；"or，whatwassaferforthem，omitteditaltogether。OEuvresdeVoltaire（Paris，1818，40vols。）givestheLetter，xxxix。442（seealsoibid。453，463）；laterEditors，andevenPreuss，takethesafercourse。]
bragsalsohowhesettled"M。deFenelon[FrenchAmbassadorattheHague]，whocametomethedaybeforeyesterday，"muchoutofsquareupontheHerstalBusiness，tillIpulledhimstraight。
Anditisevident（beautifullyso，yourMajesty）howVoltairebusiedhimselfintheGazettesandDiplomaticcircles，settingFriedrich’scaseright；VoltaireveryloyaltoFriedrichandhisLiegeCauseatthattime；——andthecontrastbetweenwhathiscontemporaryLetterssayonthesubject，andwhathisulteriorPasquilcalledVIEPRIVEEsays，isagaingreat。
Thedullstagnantworld，shakenawakebythisLiegeadventure，givesvoicevariously；andintheGazetteerandDiplomaticcirclesitismuchcriticised，bynomeanseverywhereinthefavorabletoneatthisfirstblushofthebusiness。"HehadwrittenanANTI—
Machiavel，"saystheAbbeSt。Pierre，andevensaysVoltaire（inthePASQUIL，notthecontemporaryLETTERS），"andheactsthus！"
Trulyhedoes，MonsieurdeVoltaire；andallmen，withlightuponthesubject，orevenwiththereverseuponit，mustmaketheircriticisms。Fortherest，Borck’s"2，000arguments"arethere；
whichBorckhandleswell，withpolitecalmrigor:bydegreesthedustwillfall，andfactseverywherebeseenforwhattheyare。
Astothehigh—flyingBishop，findingthathystericsarebutwastedonFriedrichandBorck，andproducenoeffectwiththeir2，000validities，hefliesnexttotheKaiser，totheImperialDiet，inshrill—soundingLatinobtestations，ofwhichwealreadygaveaflyingsnatch:"YourHUMILISSIMUSandFIDELISSIMUS
VASSALLUS，andmostobsequientServant，GeorgiusLudovicus；
meek，modest，andunspeakablyintheright:WaseverMemberoftheHolyRomanEmpiresosnubbed，andgraspedbythewindpipe，before？
Oh，helphim，greatKaiser，bidtheirongripeloosenitself！"
[Helden—Geschichte，ii，86—116。]TheKaiserdoesso，inheavyLatinrescripts，inGermanDEHORTATORIUMSmorethanone，ofasulky，imperative，andindeedveryloftytenor；
"LetGeorgiusLudovicusgo，foolishrashyoungDilection（LIEBDEN，notMAJESTY，weourselvesbeingtheonlyMajesty），andIwilljudgebetweenyou；otherwise——！"saidtheKaiser，ponderouslyshakinghisOlympianwig，andliftinghisgiltcane，orsceptreofmankind，inanOlympianmanner。HerearesometouchesofhissecondsublimestDEHORTATORIUMaddressedtoFriedrich，inaverycompressedstate:[Helden—Geschichte，
ii。127；aFIRSTandmilder（ibid。73）。]——
WeKarltheSixth，Kaiserof（TITLESENOUGH），……"Consideringthese，intheHolyRomanReich，almostunheard—ofviolentDoings（THATLICHKEITEN），whichWe，inOurSupreme—JudgeOffice，cannotaltogetherjustify，norwillendure……WehavethetrustthatyouyourselfwillmagnanimouslyseeHowevilcounsellorshavemisledyourDilectiontocommenceyourReign，notbyshowingexampleofObediencetotheLawsappointedforallmembersoftheReich，fortheweakandforthestrongalike，butbysuchDoings（THATHANDLUNGEN）asinallquartersmustcauseagreatsurprise。
"WegiveyourDilectiontoknow，therefore，ThatyoumuststraightwaywithdrawthosetroopswhichhavebrokenintotheLiegeTerritory；makespeedyrestitutionofallthathasbeenextorted；
——especiallyGeneralvonBorcktogivebackatoncethose50louisd’ordailydrawnbyhim，torenouncehisdemandofthe20，000
thalers，tomakegoodalldamagedone，andretirewithhiswholemilitaryforce（MILITZ）overtheLiegeboundaries；——andinbrief，thatyouwill，bylaworarbitration，managetoagreewiththePrinceBishopofLiege，whowishesitverymuch。ThesethingsWeexpectfromyourDilection，asKurfurstofBrandenburg，withinthespaceofTwoMonthsfromtheIssuingofthis；andremain，"——
Yoursasyoushalldemeanyourself，——KARL。
"GivenatWien，4thofOctober，1740。"——ThelastDehortatoriumeversignedbyKarlVI。Intwoweeksafterheatetoomanymushrooms，——andimmenseresultsfollowed！
Dehortatoriumshadtheirinterest，atBerlinandelsewhere，fortheDiplomaticcircles；butdidnotproducetheleasteffectonBorckorFriedrich；thoughFriedrichnotedtheKaiser’smannerinthesethings，andthoughtprivatelytohimself，aswasevidenttothediscerning，"Whatanamountofwigonthatoldgentleman！"
AnotableKaiser’sAmbassador，HerrBotta，whohadcomewithsomeAccessioncompliments，intheseweeks，wastreatedslightinglybyFriedrich；hardlyadmittedtoAudience；andFriedrich’spublicreplytothelastDehortatoriumhadalmostsomethingofsarcasminit:Evilcounsellorsyourself，MostDreadKaiser！Itisyouthatare"misledbycounsellors，whomightchancetosetGermanyonfire，wereothersasunwiseasthey！"Whichlatterphrasewasremarkabletomankind。——Thereisalongaccountalreadyrunupbetweenthatoldgentleman，withhisSeckendorfs，Grumkows，withhisdullinsolencies，wiggeries，andthisyounggentleman，whohasnearlyhadhisheartbrokenandhisFather’shousedrivenmadbythem！Borckremainsathispost；rationsdulydelivered，andfiftylouisadayforhisownprivateexpenses；andthereisnoanswertotheKaiser，orinsharpbriefterms（about"chancesofsettingGermanyonfire"），ratherworsethannone。
Readerssee，aswellasFriedrichdid，whattheupshotofthisaffairmustbe；——wewillnowfinishitoff，andwashourhandsofit，beforefollowinghisMajestytoBerlin。ThepoorBishophadapplied，shrieking，totheFrenchforhelp；——andtherecamesomecolloquialpassagesbetweenVoltaireandFenelon，ifthatwerearesult。HehadshriekedinlikemannertotheDutch，butwithoutresultofanykindtraceableinthatquarter:nowhere，exceptfromtheKaiser，issomuchasaDEHORTATORIUMtobegot。Whereupontheoncehigh—flying，nowvainlyshriekingBishopdiscernsclearlythatthereisbutonecourseleft，——thecoursewhichhaslainwideopenforsomeyearspast，hadnothisflightgonetoohighforseeingit。Beforethreeweeksareover，seeinghowDehortatoriumsgo，hesendshisAmbassadorstoBerlin，hisapologies，proposals:
[Ambassadorsarrived28thSeptember；lastDehortatoriumnotyetout。Businesswascompleted20thOctober（Rodenbeck，INDIEBUS）。]
"WouldnotyourMajestyperhapsconsenttosellthisHerstal，asyourFatherofgloriousmemorywaspleasedtobewillingonce？"——
Friedrichanswersstraightwaytotheeffect:"Certainly！Paymethepriceitwasoncealreadyofferedfor:100，000thalers，PLUS
theexpensessinceincurred。Thatwillbe180，000thalers，besideswhatyouhavespentalreadyonGeneralBorck’sdays’wages。
TowhichwewilladdthatwretchedlittlefractionofOldDebt，clearasnoon，butneverpaidnoranypartofit；60，000thalers，duebytheSeeofLiegeeversincetheTreatyofUtrecht；60，000，forwhichwewillchargenointerest:thatwillmake240，000
thalers，——36，000pounds，insteadoftheoldsumyoumighthavehaditat。Producethatcash；andtakeHerstal，andallthedustthathasrisenoutofit，wellhomewithyou。"[Stenzel，iv。60，whocountsingulden，andisnotdistinct。]TheBishopthankfullycompliesinallpoints；negotiationspeedilydone（"20thOct。"thefinaldate）:Bishophasnot，Ithink，quitesomuchcashonhand；
butwillpayallhehas，and4percentuminteresttillthewholebeliquidated。HisAmbassadors"getgoldsnuffboxes；"andreturnmildlyglad！
Andthus，insomesixweeksafterBorck’sarrivalinthoseparts，Borck’sfunctioniswelldone。ThenoiseofGazettesandDiplomaticcircleslaysitselfagain；andHerstal，famousonceforKingPipin，andfamousagainforKingFriedrich，lapsesatlengthintoobscurity，whichwehopewillneverend。Hope；——thoughwhocansay？ROUCOUX，quitecloseuponit，becomesaBattle—groundinsomefewyears；andmemorabilitiesgomuchatrandominthisworld！
ChapterVI。
RETURNSBYHANOVER；DOESNOTCALLONHISROYALUNCLETHERE。
Friedrichspenttendaysonhiscircuitousjourneyhome；
considerableinspectiontobedone，inMinden，Magdeburg，nottospeakofotherbusinesseshehad。TheoldNewspapersarestillmoreintentuponhim，nowthattheHerstalAffairhasbrokenintoflame:especiallytheEnglishNewspapers；whoguessthattherearepassagesofcourtshipgoingonbetweengreatGeorgetheirKingandhim。Hereisonefact，correctineverypoint，fortheoldLondonPublic:"LettersfromHanoversay，thattheKingofPrussiapassedwithinasmalldistanceofthatCitythe16thinst。N。S。，onhisreturntoBerlin，butdidnotstopatHerrenhausen；"——aboutwhichtherehasbeensuchhopingandspeculatingamonguslately。
[DailyPost，22dSeptember，1740；
otherLondonNewspapersfromJuly31stdownwards。]AfactwhichtheextinctEditorseemstomeditateforadayortwo；afterwhichhesays（partlyinITALICS），openinghislipsthesecondtime，likeaFriarBacon’sHeadsignificanttothePublic:"LettersfromHanovertellusthattheInterview，whichitwassaidhisMajestywastohavewiththeKingofPrussia，didnottakeplace，forcertainPRIVATEREASONS，whichourCorrespondentleavesustoguessat！"
ItiswellknownFriedrichdidnotlovehislittleUncle，thenorthenceforth；stilllesshislittleUnclehim:"WhatisthisPrussia，risingalongsideofus，higherandhigher，asifitwouldreachourownsublimelevel！"thinksthelittleUncletohimself。
Atpresentthereisnoquarrelbetweenthem；onthecontrary，aswehaveseen，thereisamutualcapabilityofhelpingoneanother，whichbothrecognize；butwillaninterviewtendtoforwardthatusefulresult？Friedrich，intheintervalsofanague，withHerstaljustbrokenout，mayhavewiselydecided，No。"OursublimelittleUncle，ofthewaxycomplexion，withtheproudlystaringfish—eyes，——nowitinhim，notmuchsense，andagreatdealofpride，——standsdreadfullyerect，’plumbandmore，’withtheGarter—legadvanced，whenonegoestoseehim；andhisremarksarenotofanentertainingnature。Leavehimstandingthere:tohimletTruchsessandBielfeldsuffice，inthesehurries，inthisaguethatisstilluponus。"UponwhichthedulloldNewspapers，OwlsofMinervathatthenwere，endeavortodrawinferences。
Thenoticeablefactis，Friedrichdid，onthisoccasion，passwithinamileortwoofhisroyalUncle，withoutseeinghim；
andhadnot，throughlife，anotheropportunity；neversawthesublimelittlemanatall，norwasagainsonearhim。
IbelieveFriedrichlittleknowsthethick—comingdifficultiesofhisBritannicMajestyatthisjuncture；andistooimpatientoftheselaggardproceduresonthepartofamanwitheyesAFLEUR—
DE—TETE。ModernreaderstoohaveforgottenJenkins’sEar；itisnottillafterlongstudyandsurveythatonebeginstoperceivetheanomalousprofunditiesofthatphenomenontothepoorEnglishNationanditspoorGeorgeII。
TheEnglishsentoff，lastyear，ascantyExpedition，"sixshipsoftheline，"onlysix，underVernon，afieryAdmiral，alittlegiventobefieryinParliamentarytalkwithal；andthesedidproceedtoPorto—BelloontheSpanishMainofSouthAmerica；didhurloutonPorto—Bellosuchafierydestructivedeluge，ofgunneryandbayonet—work，asquicklyreducedthepoorplacetothevergeofruin，andforcedittosurrenderwithwhatevernavy，garrison，goodsandresourceswereinit，tothediscretionoffieryVernon，——whodoesnotproveimplacable，heorhis，toapetitioningenemy。Yes，humbletheinsolent，butthenbemercifultothem，saytheadmiringGazetteers。"Theactualmonster，"howcheeringtothink，"whotoreoffMr。Jenkins’sEar，wasgotholdof[actualmonster，oreventhreeorfourdifferentmonsterswhoeachdidit，the"holdgot"beingmythical，asreaderssee]，andnaturallythoughthewouldbeslittoribbons；butourpeoplemagnanimouslypardonedhim，magnanimouslyflunghimasideoutofsight；"[Gentleman’sMagazine，x。124，145
（dateoftheEventis3dDecemberN。S。，1739）。]impossibletoshootadogincoldblood。
WhereuponVernonreturnedhometriumphant；andthereburstforthsuchajubilation，overthedayofsmallthings，asisnowastonishingtothinkof。HadtheTermagant’sownThalamusandTreasurybeenbombardedsuddenlyonenightbyred—hotballs，MadridCitylaidinashes，orBabyCarlos’sApanageextinguishedfromCreation，therecouldhardlyhavebeengreaterEnglishjoy（witnessthe"Porto—Bellos"theystillhave，newTownssonamed）；
soflamyisthemurkyelementgrowingonthathead。Andindeedhadthecipheroftar—barrelsburnt，andofale—barrelsdrunk，andthegeneralaccountofwickandtallowspentinilluminationsandinaldermanicexertionsonthematter，beenaccuratelytaken，onedoubtsifPorto—Bellosold，withoutshotfired，tothehighestbidder，atitsfloweriest，wouldhavecoveredsuchasum。FortheyareasingularNation，ifstirredupfromtheirstagnancy；andaremuchinearnestaboutthisSpanishWar。
ItissaidthereisnowanotherfargranderExpeditiononthestocks:militarythistimeaswellasnaval，intendedfortheSpanishMain；——butofthat，forthepresent，wewilldeferspeaking。Enough，theSpanishWarisamostseriousandmostfuriousbusinesstothoseoldEnglish；and，tous，afterforcedstudyofit，shinesoutlikefar—offconflagration，withacertainluridsignificanceinthethennightofthings。Nightotherwisefallendarkandsomniferoustomodernmankind。AsBritannicMajestyandhisWalpoleshave，fromthefirst，beendeadagainstthisSpanishWar，theproblemisallthemoreominous，andthedreadfulcorollariesthatmayhangbyitthemoredistressingtotheroyalmind。
Forexample，thereisknown，orasgoodasknown，tobevirtuallysomeFamilyCompact，orcovenantedBrotherhoodofBourbonism，FrenchandSpanish:politicalpeoplequaketoaskthemselves，"HowwilltheFrenchkeepoutofthisWar，ifitcontinueanylengthoftime？Andinthatcase，howwillAustria，Europeatlarge？
Jenkins’sEarwillhavekindledtheUniverse，nottheSpanishMainonly，andweshallbeatafinepass！"TheBritannicMajestyreflectsthatifFrancetaketofightinghim，thefirststabgivenwillprobablybeintheaccessiblestquarterandtheintenselymostsensitive，——ourownElectoralDominionswherenoParliamentplaguesus，ourdearnativecountry，Hanover。ExtremelyinterestingtoknowwhatFriedrichofPrussiawilldoinsuchcontingency？
Well，trulyitmighthavebeenKingGeorge’sbestbargaintoclosewithFriedrich；toguaranteeJulichandBerg，andgetFredrichtostandbetweentheFrenchandHanover；whileGeorge，withanEnglandbehindhim，insuchhumor，wentwhollyintothatSpanishBusiness，theonethingneedfultothematpresent。Truly；
butthenagain，thereareconsiderations:"WhatisthisFriedrich，justcomeoutupontheworld？Whatrealfightingpowerhashe，afterallthatridiculousdrillingandrecruitingFriedrichWilhelmmade？Willhebefaithfulinbargain；isnot，perhaps，fromofold，hisbiasalwaystowardFrancerather？AndtheKaiser，whatwilltheKaisersaytoit？"ThesearequestionsforaBritannicMajesty！Seldomwasseensuchaninsolubleimbroglioofpotentialities；dangeroustotouch，dangeroustoleavelying；——andhisBritannicMajesty’sproceduresuponitareofaveryslowintricatesort；andwillgrowstillmoreso，yearafteryear，inthenewintricaciesthatarecoming，andbeawearinesstomyreadersandme。Forobservethesimultaneousfact。Allthiswhile，RobinsonatViennaisdunningtheImperialMajestytorememberoldMarlboroughdaysandtheLawsofNature；anddeclareforusagainstFrance，incaseoftheworst。Whatanattempt！
ImperialMajestyhasnomoney；ImperialMajestyremembersrecentdaysrather，andhisownlastquarrelwithFrance（onthePolish—
Electionscore），inwhichyouSea—Powerscruellystoodneuter！
Onecomfort，andprettymuchoneonly，islefttoanearlybankruptImperialheart；thatFrancedoesatanyrateratifyPragmaticSanction，andinsteadofenemytothatinestimableDocumenthasbecomefriend，——ifonlyshebewellletalone。
"Letwellalone，"saysthesadKaiser，bankruptofheartaswellaspurse:"IhavesavedthePragmatic，gotFleurytoguaranteeit；
Iwillhuntwildswineandnotshadowsanymore:askmenot！"
AndnowthisHerstalbusiness；theImperialDehortatoriums，perhapsofahighnature，thatareliketocome？MorehopelesspropositiontheBritannicMajestynevermadethanthistotheKaiser。Buthepersistsinit，ordersRobinsontopersist；
knocksattheAustriandoorwithonehand，atthePrussianorAnti—Austrianwiththeother；andgazes，withthoseproudfish—
eyes，intoperilsandpotentialitiesandaseaoftroubles。
Wearisometothinkof，werenotoneboundtoit！Here，fromasingularCONSTITUTIONALHISTORYOFENGLAND，notyetgotintoprint，aretwoExcerpts；whichIwillrequestthereadertotryifhecantakealongwithhim，inviewofmuchthatisComing:——
1。AJUSTWAR。——"ThisWar，whichposterityscoffsatastheWAROF
JENKINS’SEAR，was，ifweexamineit，aquiteindispensableone；
thedimmuch—bewilderedEnglish，drivenintoitbytheirdeepestinstincts，were，inachaoticinarticulateway，rightandnotwrongintakingitastheCommandmentofHeaven。Forsuch，inasense，itwas；asshallbyandbyappear。NotperhapssincethegrandReformationControversy，underOliverCromwellandElizabeth，hadthere，tothispoorEnglishPeople（whoareessentiallydumb，inarticulate，fromtheweightofmeaningtheyhave，notwithstandingthepalaveronehearsfromthemincertainepochs），beenamoreauthenticcauseofWar。And，whatwasthefatalandyetfoolishcircumstance，theirConstitutionalCaptains，especiallytheirKing，wouldneverandcouldneverregarditassuch；buthadtobeforcedintoitbythepublicrage，therebeingnoothermethodleftinthecase。
"Isay，amostnecessaryWar，thoughofamoststupidappearance；
suchthefatalityofit:——begun，carriedon，ended，asifbyaPeopleinastateofsomnambulism！Moreconfusedoperationneverwas。AsolidplacidPeople，heavilyasleep（andsnoringmuch，shallwesay，andinarticulatelygruntingandstrugglingunderindigestions，Constitutionalandother？DobutlistentothehumofthoseextinctPamphletsandParliamentaryOratoriesoftheirs！），——yetanhonestlyintendingPeople；andkeenlyalivetoanycommandmentfromHeaven，thatcouldpiercethroughthethickskinofthemintotheirbigobstinateheart。Suchacommandment，thenandthere，wasthatmonitionaboutJenkins’sEar。Uponwhich，sopungentwasittothem，theystartedviolentlyoutofbed，intopainfulsleep—walking；andwent，fortwentyyearsandmore，clamberingandsprawlingabout，farandwide，onthegiddyedgeofprecipices，overhouse—topsandfrightfulcornicesandparapets；
inadimfulfilmentofthesaidHeaven’scommand。IreckonthatthisWar，thoughtherewereintervals，TreatiesofPeacemorethanone，andtheWarhadvariousnames，——didnotendtill1763。
Andthen，bydegrees，thepoorEnglishNationfoundthat（at，say，athousandtimesthenecessaryexpense，andwithimminentperiltoitspoorhead，andallthebonesofitsbody）ithadactuallysucceeded，——bydreadfulexertionsinitssleep！Thiswillbemoreapparentbyandby；andmaybeakindofcomforttothesadEnglishreader，drearilysurveyingsuchsomnambulismsonthepartofhispoorancestors。"
2。TWODIFFICULTIES。——"ThereareTwograndDifficultiesinthisFarce—Tragedyofawar；ofwhichonlyone，andthatnottheworstofthePair，isintheleastsurmisedbytheEnglishhitherto。
DifficultyFirst，whichisevenworsethantheother，andwillsurprisinglyattendtheEnglishinalltheirWarsnowcoming，is:
Thattheirfighting—apparatus，thoughmadeofexcellentmaterial，cannotfight，——beingindisorganiccondition；onebranchofit，especiallythe’Military’oneastheyarepleasedtocallit，beingasgoodastotallychaotic，andthisinaquiethabitualmanner，thislongwhileback。WiththeNavalbranchitisotherwise；whichalsoishabitualthere。TheEnglishalmostasifbynaturecansail，andfight，inships；cannotwellhelpdoingit。Sailorsinnumerablearebredtothem；theyareplantedintheOcean，opulentstormyNeptuneclippingtheminallhismoodsforever:andthenbynature，beingadumb，much—enduring，much—
reflecting，stout，veraciousandvaliantkindofPeople，theyshineinthatwayoflife，whichspeciallyrequiressuch。
Withoutmuchforethought，theyhavesailorsinnumerable，andofthebestquality。TheEnglishhaveamongthemalso，strangeasitmayseemtothecursoryobserver，agreatgiftoforganizing；
witnesstheirArkwrightsandothers:andthisgifttheymayoften，inmattersNavalmorethanelsewhere，getthechanceofexercising。ForaShip’sCrew，orevenaFleet，unlikealandArmy，isofitselfaunity，itsfortunesdisjoined，dependentonitsownmanagement；anditfalls，moreover，asnolandarmycan，totheundividedguidanceofoneman，——who（byhypothesis，beingEnglish）hasnowandthen，fromofold，chancedtobeanorganizingman；andwhoisalwaysmuchinterestedtoknowandpractisewhathasbeenwellorganized。Foryouareincontactwithverities，toanunexampleddegree，whenyougetupontheOcean，withintenttosailonit，muchmoretofightonit；——bottomlessdestructionragingbeneathyouandonallhandsofyou，ifyouneglect，foranyreason，themethodsofkeepingitdown，andmakingitfloatyoutoyouraim！
TheEnglishNavyisintolerableorderatthatperiod。ButastotheEnglishArmy，——wemaysayitis，inawrongsense，thewonderoftheworld，andcontinuessothroughoutthewholeofthisHistoryandfarther！Neverbefore，amongtherationalsonsofAdam，wereArmiessentoutonsuchterms，——namelywithoutaGeneral，orwithnoGeneralunderstandingtheleastofhisbusiness。TheEnglishhaveanotionthatGeneralshipisnotwanted；thatWarisnotanArt，asplayingChessis，asfindingtheLongitude，anddoingtheDifferentialCalculusare（andamuchdeeperArtthananyofthese）；thatWaristaughtbyNature，aseatingis；thatcourageoussoldiers，ledonbyacourageousWoodenPolewithCocked—hatonit，willdoverywell。IntheworldIhavenotfoundopacityofplatitudegodeeperamonganyPeople。ThisisDifficultyFirst，notyetsuspectedbyanEnglishPeople，capableofgreatopacityonsomesubjects。
"DifficultySecondis，ThattheirMinistry，whomtheyhadtoforceintothisWar，perhapsdonotgozealouslyuponit。Andperhapseven，intheabovecircumstances，theytotallywantknowledgehowtogouponit，weretheyneversozealous；DifficultySecondmightbemuchhelped，wereitnotforDifficultyFirst。ButtheadministeringofWarisathingalsothatdoesnotcometoamanlikeeating。——ThisSecondDifficulty，suspicionthatWalpoleandperhapsstillhigherheadswantzeal，giveshisBritannicMajestyinfinitetrouble；and"——
——Andso，inshort，hestandsthere，withtheGarter—legadvanced，lookingloftilyintoaconsiderableseaoftroubles，——thatdaywhenFriedrichdrovepasthim，Friday，16thSeptember，1740，andnevercamesonearhimagain。
ThenextbusinessforFriedrichwasaVisitatBrunswick，totheAffinitiesandKindred，inpassing；wherealsowasanimportantlittleacttobedone:BetrothaloftheyoungPrince，AugustWilhelm，Heir—PresumptivewhomwesawinStrasburg，toaPrincessofthatHouse，LouisaAmelia，youngerSisterofFriedrich’sownQueen。Amodestpromisingarrangement；whichturnedoutwellenough，——thoughtheyoungPrince，FathertotheKingsthatsinceare，wasnotsupremelyfortunateotherwise。[Betrothalwas20thSeptember，1740；Marriage，5thJanuary，1742（Buchholz，i。207）。]
Afterwhich，thereviewatMagdeburg；andhomeonthe24th，thereto"bebusyasaTurkorasaM。Jordan，"——accordingtowhatwereadlongsince。
ChapterVII。
WITHDRAWSTOREINSBERG，HOPINGAPEACEABLEWINTER。
BythisHerstaltoken，whichisnowblazingabroad，nowandforamonthtocome，itcanbejudgedthattheyoungKingofPrussiaintendstostandonhisownfooting，quiteperemptorilyifneedbe；andwillbynomeanshavehimselfledaboutinImperialharness，ashislateFatherwas。SothatadullPublic（Herrenhausenveryspecially），andGazetteerOwlsofMinervaeverywhere，mayexpectevents。Allthemoreindubitably，whenthatspade—workcomestolightintheWeselCountry。Itisprivatelycertain（theGazetteersnotyetsureaboutit，tilltheyseetheactualspadesgoing），thisnewKingdoesfullyintendtoasserthisrightsonBerg—Julich；andwillappeartherewithhisironramrods，theinstantoldKur—Pfalzshalldecease，letFranceandtheKaisersayNotoitorsayYes。Thereare，infact，atafitplace，"BuderichintheneighborhoodofWesel，"certainrampart—
works，beginningsasofanEntrenchedCamp，goingon；——"forReviewpurposesmerely，"saytheGazetteers，INITALICS。Here，itprivatelyisFriedrich’sresolution，shallaPrussianArmy，oftheduestrength（couldbewell—nigh100，000strongifneedful），makeitsappearance，directlyonoldKur—Pfalz’sdecease，ifonelivetoseesuchevent。[Stenzel，iv。61。]FranceandtheKaiserwillprobablytakegoodsurveyofthatBuderichphenomenonbeforemeddling。
TodohisworklikeaKing，andshunnoperilandnotoilinthecourseofwhathisworkmaybe，isFriedrich’sruleandintention。
NeverthelessitisclearheexpectstoapprovehimselfmagnanimousratherinthePeaceableoperationsthanintheWarlike；andhisoutlooksare，ofallplacesandpursuits，towardsReinsbergandtheFineArts，forthetimebeing。HisPublicactivitymeanwhiletheydescribeas"prodigious，"thoughtheaguestillclingstohim；suchbuilding，instituting，managing:Opera—House，FrenchTheatre，PalaceforhisMother；——daybyday，manythingstoberecordedbyEditorFormey，thoughtheruleaboutthemhereissilenceexceptoncause。
Nodoubttheagueisitselfprivatelyapointofmoment。Suchavexatiouspaltrylittlething，inthisbrightwhirlofActivities，Publicandother，whichhecontinuesmanaginginspiteofit；
impatienttoberidofit。Butitwillnotgo:thereITreappearsalways，punctualtoits"fourthday，"——likeasnarlingstreet—dog，inthehighBall—roomandWork—room。"HeisdrinkingPyrmontwater；"hashimselfproposedQuinquina，aremedyjustcomeup，buttheDoctorsshooktheirheads；hastriedsnatchesofReinsberg，tooshort；heintendssoontobeoutthereforarightspellofcountry，theretobe"happy，"andgetquitofhisague。Theaguewent，——andbyaremedywhichsurprisedthewholeworld，aswillbeseen！
WILHELMINA’SRETURN—VISIT。
Monday，17thOctober，cametheBaireuthVisitors；Wilhelminaallinaflutter，andtremorofjoyandsorrow，toseeherBrotheragain，heroldkindredandthealteredsceneofthings。PoorLady，sheisperceptiblymoretremulousthanusual；andherNarrative，notindatesonly，butinmorememorablepoints，dancesaboutatasadrate；interioragitationsandtremulousshrillfeelingsshiveringherthiswayandthat，andthrowingthingstopsy—turvyinone’srecollection。Likethemagneticneedle，shakybutsteadfast（AGITEEMAICONSTANTE）。Truernothingcanbe，pointsforevertothePole；butalsowhatobliquitiesitmakes；
willshiverasideinmadescapades，ifyouholdthepaltriestbitofoldironnearit，——paltriestclackofgossipaboutthislovedBrotherofmine！Brother，wewillhope，silentlycontinuestobePole，sothattheneedlealwayscomesbackagain；otherwiseallwouldgotowreck。Here，inabridgedandpartlyrectifiedform，arethephenomenawitnessed:——
"WearrivedatBerlintheendofOctober[Monday，17th，asabovesaid]。MyyoungerBrothers，followedbythePrincesoftheBloodandbyalltheCourt，receivedusatthebottomofthestairs。Iwasledtomyapartment，whereIfoundtheReigningQueen，mySisters[Ulrique，Amelia]，andthePrincesses[oftheBlood，asabove，Schwedtandtherest]。IlearnedwithmuchchagrinthattheKingwasilloftertianague[quartan；butthatisnomatter]。Hesentmewordthat，beinginhisfit，hecouldnotseeme；butthathedependedonhavingthatpleasureto—morrow。TheQueenMother，towhomIwentwithoutdelay，wasinadarkcondition；roomsallhungwiththeirlugubriousdrapery；
everythingyetinthedepthofmourningformyFather。Whatasceneforme！Naturehasherrights；Icansaywithtruth，Ihavealmostneverinmylifebeensomovedasonthisoccasion。"
InterviewwithMamma——wecanfancyit——"wasofthemosttouching。"
Wilhelminahadbeenabsenteightyears。Shescarcelyknowstheyoungonesagain，allsogrown；——findschangeonchange:andthatTime，ashealwaysis，hasbeenbusy。ThatnighttheSupper—PartywasexclusivelyaFamilyone。
HerBrother’swelcometoheronthemorrow，thoughardentenough，shefounddeficientinsincerity，deficientinseveralpoints；
asindeedaBrotheruptotheneckinbusiness，andjustcomeoutofanague—fit，doesnotappeartothebestadvantage。
Wilhelminanoticedhowillhelooked，soleanandbroken—down（MAIGREETDEFAIT）withinthelasttwomonths；butseemstohavetakennoaccountofitfarther，instrikingherbalanceswithFriedrich。AndindeedinherNarrativeofthisVisit，not，wewillhope，intheVisititself，shemusthavebeeninahighstateofmagneticdeflection，——prettynearlyhermaximumofsuch，discoverableinthosefamousMEMOIRS，——suchatumultisthereinherstatements，allgonetoground—and—loftytumblinginthisplace；sodiscrepantarethestillascertainablefactsfromthistopsy—turvypictureofthem，sketchedbyherfouryearshence（in1744）。Thetruestofmagneticneedles；butsosensitive，ifyoubringforeignironnearit！
WilhelminawasloadedwithhonorsbyanimpartialBerlinPublicthatisCourtPublic；"but，allbeinginmourning，theCourtwasnotbrilliant。TheQueenMothersawlittlecompany，andwassunkinsorrow；——hadnottheleastinfluenceinaffairs，sojealouswasthenewKingofhisAuthority，——totheQueenMother’ssurprise，"
saysWilhelmina。Fortherest，hereisaKing"becomingtrulyunpopular[or，wefancyso，inourdeflectedstate，andjudgingbytherumorofcliques]；ageneraldiscontentreigningintheCountry，loveofhissubjectsprettymuchgone；peoplespeakingofhiminnomeasuredterms[incertaincliques]。CaresnothingaboutthosewhohelpedhimasPrinceRoyal，saysome；otherscomplainofhisavarice[meaningsteadyvigilanceinoutlay]assurpassingthelateKing’s；thisonecomplainedofhisviolencesoftemper（EMPORTEMENS）；thatoneofhissuspicions，ofhisdistrust，hishaughtinesses，hisdissimulation"（meaningpoliteimpenetrabilitywhenhesawgood）。Severalcircumstances，knowntoWilhelmina’sownexperience，compelWilhelmina’sassentonthosepoints。
"Iwouldhavespokentohimaboutthem，ifmyBrotherofPrussia[youngAugustWilhelm，betrothedtheotherday]andtheQueenRegnanthadnotdissuadedme。FartheronIwillgivetheexplanationofallthis，"——neverdiditanywhere。"IbegthosewhomayonedayreadtheseMEMOIRS，tosuspendtheirjudgmentonthecharacterofthisgreatPrincetillIhavedevelopedit。"
[Wilhelmina，ii。326。]OmyPrincess，youaretrueandbright，butyouareshrill；andIadmiretheeffectofatmosphericelectricity，nottosay，ofanyneighboringmarine—storeshop，ormiserablebitofbrokenpan，ononeofthefinestmagneticneedlesevermadeandsettrembling！
Wilhelminaisincapableofdeliberatefalsehood；andthisherimpressionorreminiscence，withallitsexaggeration，isentitledtobeheardinevidencesofar。Fromthis，andfromothersources，readerswillassurethemselvesthatdiscontentswerenotwanting；
thatKingFriedrichwasnotamiabletoeverybodyatthistime，——
whichindeedhenevergrewtobeatanyothertime。HehadtobeaKing；thatwasthetradehefollowed，notthequitedifferentoneofbeingamiableallround。Amiabilityisgood，myPrincess；
butthequestionrises，"Towhom？—forexample，totheyounggentlemanwhoshothimselfinLobegun？"Thereareyounggentlemenandoldsometimesinconsiderablequantities，towhom，ifyouwereinyourduty，asaKingofmen（orevenasa"Kingofonemanandhisaffairs，"ifthatisallyourkingdom），youshouldhavebeenhatefulinsteadofamiable！Thatisasterntruth；toomuchforgottenbyWilhelminaandothers。Again，whatadeadeningandkillingcircumstanceisitinthecareerofamiability，thatyouareboundnottobecommunicativeofyourinnerman，butperpetuallyandstrictlythereverse！ItmaybedoubtedifagoodKingcanbeamiable；certainlyhecannotinanybutthenoblestages，andthenonlytoaselectfew。IshouldguessFriedrichwasatnotimefairlyloved，notbythosenearesttohim。Hewasrapid，decisive；ofwirycompactnature；hadnothingofhisFather’samplitudes，simplicities；nothingtosportwithandfondle，farfromit。Tremuloussensibilities，ardentaffections；
theseweclearlydiscoverinhim，inextraordinaryvivacity；buthewearsthemunderhispolishedpanoply，andisoutwardlyaradiantbutmetallicobjecttomankind。Letuscarrythisalongwithusinstudyinghim；andthankWilhelminaforgivingushintofitinherobliqueway。——Wilhelmima’sloveforherBrotherrosetoquiteheroicpitchincomingyears，andwasatitshighestwhenshedied。ThatcontinuationofherMEMOIRSinwhichsheistodevelopherBrother’scharacter，wasneverwritten:ithasbeensoughtforinmoderntimes；andafewinsignificantpages，withevidencethatthereisnot，andwasnot，anymore，areallthathasturnedup。[Pertz，UeberdieDenkwurdigkeitenderMarkgrafinvanBayreuth（PaperreadintheAkademiederWissenschaften，Berlin，25thApril，1850）。
Incapableoffalsityprepense，wesay；buttheknownfacts，whichstandabundantlyonrecordifyoucaretosearchthemout，aremerelyasfollows:Friedrich，withsuchsincerityastheremightbe，didwelcomeWilhelminaonthemorrowofherarrival；spokeofReinsberg，andofairandrest，andhowpleasantitwouldbe；
rolledoffnextmorning，havingatlastgathereduphisbusinesses，andgotthemwellinhand，toReinsbergaccordingly；
whitherWilhelmina，withtheQueenRegnantandothersofagreeablequality，followedintwodays；intendingalongandpleasantspellofcountryoutthere。Whichhopewastolerablyfulfilled，evenforWilhelmina，thoughtheredidcomeunexpectedinterruptions，notofFriedrich’sbringing。
UNEXPECTEDNEWSATREINSBERG。
Friedrich’spursuitsandintendedconquests，forthepresent，areofpeaceableandevengaynature。FrenchTheatre，ItalianOpera—
House，theseareamongtheimmediateoutlooks。Voltaire，skilledinFrenchacting，ifanybodyeverwere，ismultifariouslynegotiatingforaCompanyofthatkind，——lethimbeswift，besuccessful。[LettersofVoltaire（PASSIM，inthesemonths）。]
AnItalianOperathereshallbe；theHouseisstilltobebuilt:
CaptainKnobelsdorf，whobuiltReinsberg，whomwehaveknown，istodoit。KnobelsdorfhasgonetoItalyonthaterrand；"wentbyDresden，carefullyexaminingtheOpera—Housethere，andallthefamedOpera—Housesonhisroad。"Graun，oneofthebestjudgesliving，islikewiseofftoItaly，gatheringsingers。OurOperatooshallbeasuccessfulthing，andwehope，aspeedy。SuchareFriedrich’soutlooksatthistime。
Amiscellaneouspleasantcompanyishere；TruchsessandBielfeld，homefromHanover，amongthem；Wilhelminaishere；——Voltairehimselfperhapscomingagain。FriedrichdrinkshisPyrmontwaters；
worksathispublicbusinessesallday，whicharenowwellinhand，andmanageablebycouriers；ateveningheappearsincompany，andistheastonishmentofeverybody；brilliant，likeanew—risensun，asifheknewofnoillness，knewofnobusiness，butlivedforamusementonly。"HeintendsPrivateTheatricalswithal，andisgettingreadyVoltaire’sMORTDECESAR。"[Preuss，Thronbesteigung，p。415。]ThesewereprettydaysatReinsberg。Thiskindoflifelastedsevenoreightweeks，——inspiteofinterruptionsofsubterraneanvolcanicnature，someofwhichweresurelyconsiderable。Here，intheveryfirstweek，comingalmostvolcanically，isone，whichindeedisthesumofthemall。
Tuesdayforenoon，25thOctober，1740，ExpressarrivesatReinsberg；directfromViennafivedaysago；findsFriedrichundereclipse，hiddenintheinterior，laboringunderhisague—fit:
questionrises，ShalltheExpressbeintroduced，orbeheldback？
Thenewshebringsishuge，unexpected，transcendent，andmayagitatethesickKing。Sixorsevenheadsgowaggingonthispoint，——whobyaccidentarenamable，ifreaderscare:"PrinceAugustWilhelm，"latelybetrothed；"GrafTruchsess，"homefromHanover；"ColonelGrafvonFinkenstein，"oldTutor’sSon，afamiliarfromboyhoodupwards；"BaronPollnitz"kindofchiefGoldsticknow，orMasteroftheCeremonies，nottoowitty，butthecauseofwit；"Jordan，Bielfeld，"knowntous；andlastly，"Fredersdorf，"Major—domoandFactotum，whoisgrownfromValettobePurse—Keeper，confidentialManager，andalmostfriend，——
anotablepersonageinFriedrich’sHistory。Theydecide，"Betterwait！"
Theywaitaccordingly；andthen，afteraboutanhour，thetrembling—fitbeingover，andFredersdorfhavingcautiouslypreludedalittle，andpreparedtheway，theDespatchisdelivered，andtheKingleftwithhisimmensepieceofnews。
NewsthathisImperialMajestyKarlVI。died，aftershortillness，onThursday，the20thlast。Kaiserdead:HouseofHapsburg，anditsFiveCenturiesoftoughwrestling，anduneasyDominancyinthisworld，ended，gonetothedistaff:——thecounter—wrestlingAmbitionsandCupiditiesnotdead；andnothingbutPragmaticSanctionleftbetweenthefallenHouseandthem！Friedrichkeptsilence；showednosignhowtransfixedhewastohearsuchtidings；which，heforesaw，wouldhaveimmeasurableconsequencesintheworld。
Oneofthefirstwas，thatitcuredFriedrichofhisague。
Itbracedhim（it，andperhaps"alittlequinquinawhichhenowinsistedon"）intosuchatensityofspiritasdroveouthisaguelikeamerehiccough；quitegoneinthecourseofnextweek；
andwehearnomoreofthatimportunateannoyance。HesummonedSecretaryEichel，"Bereadyinsomanyminuteshence；"rosefromhisbed，dressedhimself；[Preuss，Thronbesteigung，p。416。]——andthen，byEichel’shelp，sentoffexpressesforSchwerinhischiefGeneral，andPodewilshischiefMinister。
Aresolution，whichisrisingorhasrisenintheRoyalmind，willbereadyforcommunicatingtotheseTwobythetimetheyarrive，ontheseconddayhence。Thisdone，Friedrich，Ibelieve，joinedhiscompanyintheevening；andwasaslightandbrilliantasifnothinghadhappened。
ChapterVIII。
THEKAISER’SDEATH。
TheKaiser’sdeathcameuponthePublicunexpectedly；thoughnotquitesouponobservantpersonscloserathand。Hewasnotyetfifty—sixout；afirm—builtman；hadbeenofsoundconstitution，ofactive，notintemperatehabits:butinthelastsixyears，therehadcomesuchtorrentsofillluckrollingdownonhim，hehadsufferedimmensely，farbeyondwhattheworldknewof；andtothosenearhim，andanxiousforhim，hisstrengthseemedmuchundermined。Fiveyearsago，insummer1735，Robinsonreported，fromasurehand:"NothingcanequaltheEmperor’sagitationunderthesedisasters[broughtuponhimbyFleuryandtheSpaniards，asafter—claptohisPolish—Electionfeat]。HisgoodEmpressisterrified，manytimes，hewilldieinthecourseofthenight，whensinglywithherhegivesaloosetohisaffliction，confusionanddespair。"Sea—Powerswillnothelp；Fleuryandmereruinwillengulf！"WhataugmentsthisagitationishisdistrustineveryoneofhisownMinisters，exceptperhapsBartenstein，"[RobinsontoLordWarrington，5thJuly，1735（inState—PaperOffice）。]——whoisnotmuchofasupporteither，thoughagnarledweightyoldstickinhisway（"ProfessoratStrasburgonce"）:notinterestingtoushere。TheresthisImperialMajestyconsiderstobeofsublimatedblockheadtype，itappears。PrinceEugenehaddiedlately，andwithEugeneallgoodfortune。
Andthen，closefollowing，themiseriesofthatTurkWar，crashingdownuponaman！Theysay，DukeFranz，MariaTheresa’sHusband，nominalCommanderinthoseCampaigns，withtheSeckendorfsandWallisesunderhimgoingsucharoad，wasprivatelyeagertohavedonewiththeBusiness，onanyterms，lesttheKaisershoulddiefirst，andleaveitweltering。NowonderthepoorKaiserfeltbroken，disgustedwiththelongShadow—HuntofLife；andtooktopracticalfield—sportsrather。AnArmythatcannotfight，War—
GeneralsgoodonlytobelockedinFortresses，anExchequerthathasnomoney；aftersuchwaggingofthewigs，andsuchPrivy—
CouncillingandsuchWar—Councilling:——letushuntwildswine，andnotthinkofit！That，thankHeaven，westillhave；that，andPragmaticSanctionwellengrossed，andgenerallysworntobymankind，aftermucheffort！——
TheouterPublicofthattime，andVoltaireamongthemmoredeliberatelyafterwards，spokeof"mushrooms，"an"indigestionofmushrooms；"anditisprobabletherewassomethingofmushroomsconcernedintheevent，AnothersubsequentFrenchman，stillmoreirreverent，addstothisofthe"excessofmushrooms，"thattheKaisermadelightofit。"WhentheDoctorstoldhimhehadfewhourstolive，hewouldnotbelieveit；andbanteredhisPhysiciansonthesadnews。’Lookmeintheeyes，’saidhe；
’haveItheairofonedying？Whenyouseemysightgrowingdim，thenletthesacramentsbeadministered，whetherIorderornot。’"
Doctorsinsisting，theKaiserreplied:"’Sinceyouarefoolishfellows，whoknowneitherthecausenorthestateofmydisorder，Icommandthat，onceIamdead，youopenmybody，toknowwhatthematterwas；youcanthencomeandletmeknow！"’
[AnecdotesGermaniques（Paris，1769），p。692。]——inwhichalsothereisperhapsaglimmeringofdistortedtruth，though，asMonsieurmistakeseventheday（"18thOctober，"
sayshe，not2Oth），onecanonlyacceptitasrumorfromtheoutside。
Here，byanextremelysombredomesticGentlemanofgreatpunctualityandgreatdulness，aretheauthenticparticulars，suchasitwasgoodtomentioninViennacircles。[（Anonymous）
Des&c。RomischenKaisersCarlVI。LebenundThaten
（FrankfurtundLeipzig，1741），pp。220—227。]AnextremelydullGentleman，buttoappearanceanauthentic；andsolittledefectiveinreverencethathedelicatelyexpressessomeastonishmentatDeath’saudacitythisyear，inkillingsomanyCrownedHeads。
"Thisyear1740，"sayshe，"thoughtheweatherthroughoutEuropehadbeenextraordinarilyfine，"orfineforacoldyear，"hadalreadywitnessedseveralDeathsofSovereigns:PopeClementXII。，FriedrichWilhelmofPrussia，theQueenDowagerofSpain[Termagant’soldstepmother，notTermagant’sselfbyagreatway]。
Butthatwasnotenough:unfathomableDestinyventurednowonImperialHeads（WAGTESICHAUCHANKAISER—KRONEN）:KarlVI。，namely，andRussia’sgreat，Monarchess；"——anaudacitytoberemarked。OfRussia’sgreatMonarchess（CzarinaAnne，withthebigcheek）wewillsaynothingatpresent；butofKarlVI。only，——
abridgingmuch，andstudyingarrangement。
"Thursday，October13th，returningfromHalbthurn，aHuntingSeatofhis，"overinHungarysomefiftymiles，"tothePalaceFavoritaatVienna，hisImperialMajestyfeltslightlyindisposed，"——
indigestionofmushroomsorwhateveritwas:hadbegunAT
Halbthurnthenightbefore，weratherunderstand，andwastheoccasionofhisleaving。"TheDoctorscalleditcoldonthestomach，andthoughtitofnoconsequence。InthenightofSaturday，itbecamealarming；"inflammation，thoughttheDoctors，inflammationoftheliver，andusedtheirpotentappliances，whichonlymadethedangercomeandgo；"andontheTuesday，allday，theDoctorsdidnotdoubthisImperialMajestywasdying。