tookhimouttoCharlottenburg，thatsameSaturday，withtheQueenandotherguests；butBotta，andalltheworld，beingnowcertainaboutSilesia，andthatnoamountofmud，orotherterrorontheroads，wouldberegarded，Botta’sthoughtsinthiseveningpartyarenotofcheerfulnature。Nextday，Sunday，December11th，hetoogetshisAudienceofleave；andcannothelpburstingout，whentheKingplainlytellshimwhatisnowafoot，andthatthePrussianAmbassadorhasgotinstructionswhattoofferuponitatVienna。"Sire，youaregoingtoruintheHouseofAustria，"criedBotta，"andtoplungeyourselfintodestruction（VOUSABIMER）atthesametime！"——"DependsontheQueen，"saidFriedrich，"toaccepttheOffersIhavemadeher。"Bottasanksilent，seemedtoreflect，butgatheringhimselfagain，addedwithanironicalairandtoneofvoice，"TheyarefineTroops，thoseofyours，Sire。
Ourshavenotthesamesplendorofappearance；buttheyhavelookedthewolfintheface。Think，Iconjureyou，whatyouaregettinginto！"Friedrichansweredwithvivacity，alittlenettledattheironicaltoneofBotta，andhismixedsympathyandmenace:
"Youfindmytroopsarebeautiful；perhapsIshallconvinceyoutheyaregoodtoo。"Yes，ExcellencyBotta，goodishtroops；
andverycapable"tolookthewolfintheface，"——orperhapsinthetailtoo，beforeallend！"Bottaurgedandentreatedthatatleastthereshouldbesomedelayinexecutingthisproject。
ButtheKinggavehimtounderstandthatitwasnowtoolate，andthattheRubiconwaspassed。"[Friedrich’sownAccount（
OEuvres，ii。57）。]
Thesecretisnowout，therefore；InvasionofSilesiacertainandcloseathand。"Adayortwobeforemarching，"mayhavebeenthisverydaywhenBottagothisaudience，theKingassembledhisChiefGenerals，allthingsreadyoutintheFrankfurt—Crossenregionyonder；andspoketothemasfollows；brieflyandtothepoint:——
"Gentlemen，IamundertakingaWar，inwhichIhavenoalliesbutyourvalorandyourgood—will。Mycauseisjust；myresourcesarewhatweourselvescando；andtheissueliesinFortune。
RemembercontinuallytheglorywhichyourAncestorsacquiredintheplainsofWarsaw，atFehrbellin，andintheExpeditiontoPreussen[acrosstheFrischeHafonice，thattime]。Yourlotisinyourownhands:distinctionsandrewardswaituponyourfineactionswhichshallmeritthem。
"ButwhatneedhaveItoexciteyoutoglory？Itistheonethingyoukeepbeforeyoureyes；thesoleobjectworthyofyourlabors。
Wearegoingtofronttroopswho，underPrinceEugene，hadthehighestreputation。ThoughPrinceEugeneisgone，weshallhavetomeasureourstrengthagainstbravesoldiers:thegreaterwillbethehonorifwecanconquer。Adieu，goforth。Iwillfollowyoustraightwaytotherendezvousofglorywhichawaitsus。"
[OEuvresdeFrederic，ii。58。]
MASKEDBALL，ATBERLIN，12th—13thDECEMBER。
OntheeveningofMonday，12th，therewas，asusual，Masked（orHalf—Masked）Ball，atthePalace。Asusual；butthistimeithasbecomementionableinWorld—History。Bielfeld，personallyinterested，givesusavividglanceintoit；——which，thoughpretendingtoberealandcontemporaneous，isunfortunatelyMYTHICALonly，anddoneatagreatintervalofyears（dates，andevenslightcircumstancesoffact，refusingtoconform）；——which，however，forthetruththereisinit，wewillgive，asbetterthannothing。Bielfeld’spretendeddateis，"Berlin，15thDecember；"shouldhavebeen14th，——wrongbyaday，afterone’sbesteffort！
"BERLIN，15thDECEMBER，1740。Asforme，dearSister，IamlikeashuttlecockwhomtheKingsofPrussiaandofEnglandhitwiththeirrackets，andknocktoandfro。Thenightbeforelast，IwasatthePalaceEveningParty（ASSEMBLEE）；whichisasortofBall，whereyougoindomino，butwithoutmaskontheface。TheQueenwasthere，andalltheCourt。Abouteighto’clocktheKingalsomadehisappearance。HisMajesty，noticingM。deG———[thatisDE
GUIDIKEN，orGuyDickens]，EnglishMinister，addressedhim；
ledhimintotheembrasureofawindow，andtalkedalonewithhimformorethananhour[uncertain，probablyapocryphalthis]。
Ithrew，fromtimetotime，astolenglanceatthisdialogue，whichappearedtometobeverylively。Amomentafter，beingjustdancingwithMadametheCountessde——THREEASTERISKS，——Ifeltmyselftwitchedbythedomino；andturning，wasmuchsurprisedtoseethatitwastheKing；whotookmeaside，andsaid，’Areyourbootsoiled（VOSBOTTESSONT—ELLESGRAISSIES，Areyoureadyforajourney）？’Ireplied，’Sire，theywillalwaysbesoforyourMajesty’sservice。’——’Well，then，TruchsessandyouareforEngland；thedayafterto—morrowyougo。SpeaktoM。dePodewils！’——Thiswassaidlikeaflashoflightning。HisMajestypassedintoanotherapartment；andI，IwenttofinishmyminuetwiththeLady；whohadbeennotlessastonishedtoseemedisappearfromhereyes，inthemiddleofthedance，thanIwasatwhattheKingsaidtome。"[Bielfeld，i。167，168。]
Nextmorning，I——
Thefactis，nextmorning，TruchsessandIbeganpreparationfortheCourtofLondon，——andwedidthere，formanymonthsafterwards，striveourbesttokeeptheBritannicMajestyinsomekindoftune，amidtheprevailingdiscordofevents；——factinterestingtosome。Andtheotherfact，interestingtoeverybody，thoughBielfeldhasnotmentionedit，is，ThatKingFriedrich，thesamenextmorning，punctually"atthestrokeof9，"rolledawayFrankfurt—ward，——intotheFirstSilesianWar！Tuesday，"13thDecember，thismorning，theKing，privatelyquittingtheBall，hasgone[aftersomelittlesnatchofsleep，wewillhope]forFrankfurt，toputhimselfattheheadofhisTroops。"[Dickens（inState—PaperOffice），13thDecember，1740；seealso
Helden—Geschichte，i。452；&c。&c。]Bellonahiscompanionforlongyearshenceforth，insteadofMinervaandtheMuses，ashehadbeenanticipating。
Herebyisliketobefulfilled（exceptthatFriedrichhimselfisperhapsthis"littlestone"）whatFriedrichprophesiedtohisVoltaire，thedayafterhearingoftheKaiser’sdeath:"Ibelievetherewill，byJunenext，bemoretalkofcannon，soldiers，trenches，thanofactresses，anddancersfortheballet。
ThissmallEventchangestheentiresystemofEurope。ItisthelittlestonewhichNebuchadnezzarsaw，inhisdream，looseningitself，androllingdownontheImagemadeofFourMetals，whichitshiverstoruin。"[FriedrichtoVoltaire，busygatheringactorsatthattime，26thOctober，1740（OEuvresdeFrederic，xxii。49）。]
EndofV11
HistoryofFriedrichIIofPrussiaV12
byThomasCarlyleCarlyle’s"HistoryofFriedrichIIofPrussia"
BookXII
BOOKXII。
FIRSTSILESIANWAR，AWAKENINGAGENERAL
EUROPEANONE，BEGINS。
December，1740—May，1741。
ChapterI。
OFSCHLESIEN，ORSILESIA。
Schlesien，whatwecallSilesia，liesinellipticshape，spreadonthetopofEurope，partlygirtwithmountains，likethecrownorcresttothatpartoftheEarth；——highesttable—landofGermanyoroftheCisalpineCountries；andsendingriversintoalltheseas。
Thesummitorhighestlevelofitisinthesouthwest；longestdiameterisfromnorthwesttosoutheast。FromCrossen，whitherFriedrichisnowdriving，totheJablunkaPass，whichissuesuponHungary，isabove250miles；theAXIS，therefore，orlongestdiameter，ofourEllipsewemaycall230Englishmiles；——itsshortestorconjugatediameter，fromFriedlandinBohemia（Wallenstein’soldFriedland），byBreslauacrosstheOdertothePolishFrontier，isabout100。ThetotalareaofSchlesieniscountedtobesome20，000squaremiles，nearlythethirdofEnglandProper。
Schlesien——willthereaderlearntocallitbythatname，onoccasion？forinthesesadManuscriptsofoursthenamesalternate——isafine，fertile，usefulandbeautifulCountry。Itleanssloping，aswehinted，totheEastandtotheNorth；alongcurvedbuttressofMountains（"RIESENGEBIRGE，GiantMountains，"istheirbest—knownnameinforeigncountries）holdingitupontheSouthandWestsides。ThisGiant—MountainRange，——whichisakindofcontinuationoftheSaxon—Bohemian"MetalMountains（ERZGEBIRGE）"
andofthestragglingLausitzMountains，towestwardofthese，——shapesitselflikeabill—hook（orelliptically，aswassaid）:
handleandhooktogethermaybesome200milesinlength。
Theprecipitoussideofthisis，ingeneral，turnedoutwards，towardsBohmen，Mahren，Ungarn（Bohemia，Moravia，Hungary，inourdialects）；andSchlesienliesinside，irregularlyslopingdown，towardstheBalticandtowardstheutmostEast，FromtheBohemiansideoftheseMountainsthererisetwoRivers:Elbe，tendingfortheWest；MorawafortheSouth；——Morawa，crossingMoravia，getsintotheDonau，andthenceintotheBlack—Sea；whileElbe，afterintricateadventuresamongthemountains，andthenprosperouslyacrosstheplains，isout，withitsmanyships，intotheAtlantic。
Tworivers，wesay，fromtheBohemianorsteepside:andagain，fromtheSilesianside，thereriseothertwo，theOderandtheWeichsel（VISTULA）；whichstartprettynearoneanotherintheSoutheast，and，afterwidewindings，getbothintotheBaltic，atagooddistanceapart。
Forthefirstthirty，orinparts，fiftymilesfromtheMountains，Silesiaslopessomewhatrapidly；andisstilltobecalledaHill—country，ruggedextensiveelevationsdiversifyingit:butafterthat，theslopeisgentle，andatlengthinsensible，ornoticeableonlybythewaythewatersrun。Fromthecentralpartofit，Schlesienpicturesitselftoyouasaplain；growingeverflatter，eversandier，asitabutsonthemonotonousendlesssand—flatsofPoland，andtheBrandenburgterritories；nothingbutBoundaryStoneswiththeirbrassinscriptionsmarkingwherethetransitionis；andonlysomeFortifiedTown，notfaroff，keepingthedooroftheCountrysecureinthatquarter。
Ontheotherhand，theMountainpartofSchlesienisverypicturesque；notofAlpineheightanywhere（theSchnee—Koppeitselfisunder5，000feet），sothatverdureandforestwoodfailalmostnowhereamongtheMountains；andmultiplexindustry，besungbyrushingtorrentsandtheswiftyoungrivers，nestlesitselfhighup；andfromwheathusbandry，madderandmaizehusbandry，todamask—weaving，metallurgy，charcoal—burning，tar—distillery，Schlesienhasmanytrades，andhaslongbeenexpertandbusyatthemtoahighdegree。AveryprettyEllipsis，orirregularOval，onthesummitoftheEuropeanContinent；——"likethepalmofalefthandwellstretchedout，withtheRiesengebirgeforthumb！"saidacertainHerrtome，stretchingouthisarminthatfashiontowardsthenorthwest。Palm，wellstretchedout，measuring250miles；andthecrossway100。TherearestillbeaversinSchlesien；theKatzbachRiverhasgoldgrainsinit，akindofPactolusnotnowworthworking；andinthescraggylonesomepine—woods，grimyindividuals，withkindledmoundsofpine—branchesandsmokecarefullykeptdownbysods，aresweatingoutasubstancewhichtheyinformyouistobetar。
HISTORICALEPOCHSOFSCHLESIEN；——AFTERTHEQUADSANDMARCHMEN。
WhofirstlivedinSchlesien，orlivedlongsinceinit，thereisnouseinasking，norintellingifoneknew。"TheQUADIandtheLygii，"saysDryasdust，inagropingmanner:Quadiandconsorts，inthefifthorsixthCentury，continueshewithmoreconfidence，shiftedRome—ward，followingthegeneraltrackofcontemporaneousmankind；weakremnantofQuadiwasthereuponoverpoweredbySlavicpopulations，andtheirCountrybecamePolish，whichtheeasternrimofitstillessentiallyis。ThatwastheendoftheQuadiinthoseparts，saysHistory。Buttheycannotspeaknorappealforthemselves；Historyhasthemmuchatdiscretion。Rudeburialurns，withahandfulofashesinthem，havebeendugupindifferentplaces；thesearealltheArchivesandHistoriestheQuadinowhave。ItappearstheirnamesignifiesWICKED。TheyarethosepoorQuadi（WICKEDPEOPLE）whoalwaysgoalongwiththeMarcomanni（MARCHMEN），inthebead—rollHistoriesonereads；andIalmostguesstheymusthavebeenofthesamestock:"WickedsandBorderers；"considered，onbothsidesoftheBorder，tobelongtotheDangerousClassesinthosetimes。Twothingsarecertain:
First，QUADanditsderivativeshave，tothisday，inthespeechofrusticGermans，somethingofthatmeaning，——"nefarious，"atleast"injurious，""hateful，andtobeavoided:"forexample，QUADdel，"anettle—burn；"QUETSchen，"tosmash"（say，yourthumbwhilehammering）；&c。&c。Andthenasecondthing:ThePolishequivalentwordisZLE（BuschingsaysZLEXI）；henceZLEzien，SCHLEsien，meaningmerelyBADland，QUADland，whatwemightcalledDAMAGitia，orCountrywhereyougetintoTrouble。Thatistheetymology，orwhatpassesforsuch。AstotheHistoryofSchlesien，hitherwardsoftheseburialurnsdugupindifferentplaces，Inotice，asnotyetentirelyburiable，ThreeEpochs。
FIRSTEPOCH；CHRISTIANITY:A。D。966。IntroductionofChristianity；
tothelengthoffoundingaBishopricthatyear，sohopefulweretheaspects；"BishopricofSchmoger"（SchMAGram，dimlittleVillagestilldiscoverableonthePolishfrontier，notfarfromtheTownofNamslau）；Bishopricwhich，afteroneremovalfartherinward，gotacrosstheOder，to"WRUTISLAV，"whichmenowcallBreslau；andsticksthere，asBishopricofBreslau，tothisday。Year966:itwasinAdalbert，ourPrussianSaintandMissionary’syoungertime。
Preaching，byzealousPolacks，musthavebeengoingon，whileAdalbert，BrightinNobleness，wasstudyingatMagdeburg，andripeningforhighthingsinthegeneralestimation。ThiswasanewgiftfromthePolacks，thisofChristianity；aninfinitelymoreimportantonethanthatnicknameof"ZLEZIEN，"or"DAMAGitia，"
stuckuponthepoorCountry，hadbeen。
SECONDEPOCH；GETGRADUALLYCUTLOOSEFROMPOLAND:A。D。1139—1159。
TwentyyearsofgreattroubleinPoland，whichwereoflastingbenefittoSchlesien。In1139thePolackKing，averypotentMajestywhomwecouldnamebutdonot，died；andlefthisDominionssharedbypunctualbequestamonghisfivesons。Punctualbequestdidavail:buttheeldestSon（whowasKing，andhadSchlesienwithmuchelsetohisshare）begantoencroach，tograsp；uponwhichtheothersroseuponhim，flunghimoutintoexile；redivided；
andhopednowtheymighthavequiet。Hoped，butweredisappointed；
andcouldcometonosurebargainforthenexttwentyyears，——nottill"theeldestbrother，"firstauthorofthesestrifes，"diedanexileinHolstein，"orwasjustaboutdying，andhadagreedtotakeSchlesienforallclaims，andbequietthenceforth。
His，thiseldest’s，threeSonsdidaccordingly，in1159，getSchlesieninsteadofhim；theirunclesprovinghonorable。SchlesientherebywashappyenoughtogetcutloosefromPoland，andtocontinueloose；steeringacourseofitsown；——partingfartherandfartherfromPolandanditshabitsandfortunes。ThesethreeSons，ofthelatePolishMajestywhodiedinexileinHolstein，arethe"PiastDukes，"muchtalkedofinSilesianHistories:ofwhosemeritsIspecifythisonly，ThattheysosoonaspossiblestrovetobeGerman。TheywereProgenitorsofallthe"PiastDukes，"
ProprietorsofSchlesienthenceforth，tillthelastofthemdiedoutin1675，——andacertainERBVERBRUDERUNGtheyhadenteredintocouldnottakeeffectatthattime。TheirmeritsasSovereignDukesseemtohavebeenconsiderable；acertainpiety，wisdomandnoblenessofmindnotrareamongthem；andnodoubtitwaspartlytheirmerit，ifpartlyalsotheirgoodluck，thattheytooktoGermany，andleantthitherward；steeringlooserandlooserfromPoland，intheirnewcircumstances。TheythemselvesbydegreesbecamealtogetherGerman；theirCountries，bysilentimmigration，introductionofthearts，thecomposuresandsobrieties，becameessentiallyso。OntheeasternrimthereisstillaPolackremnant，itsterritoriesverysandy，itsconditionverybad；remnantwhichsurelyoughttoceaseitsPolackjargon，andlearnsomedialectofintelligibleTeutsch，asthefirstconditionofimprovement。InallotherpartsTeutschreigns；andSchlesienisagreenabundantCountry；fullofmetallurgy，damask—weaving，grain—husbandry。——
insteadofgasconade，giltanarchy，rags，dirt，andNIEPOZWALAM。
A。D。1327；GETCOMPLETELYCUTLOOSE。ThePiastDukes，whosoonceasedtobePolish，andhungratheruponBohemia，andtherebyuponGermany，madeagreatstepinthatdirection，whenKingJohann，oldICH—DIENwhomweoughttorecollect，persuadedmostofthem，allofthembuttwo，"PRETIOACPRECE，"tobecomeFeudatories（Quasi—
Feudatories，butofasovereignsort）tohisCrownofBohemia。
Thetwowhostoodout，resistingprayerandprice，weretheDukeofJauerandtheDukeofSchweidnitz，——lofty—mindedgentlemen，perhapsathoughttoolofty。ButthesealsoJohann’sson，littleKaiserKarlIV。，"marryingtheirheiress，"contrivedtobringin；——onefruitfuladventureoflittleKarl’s，amongthemanywastefulhemade，intheGermanReich。SchlesienishenceforthabitoftheKingdomofBohemia；indissolublyhookedtoGermany；anditsprogressintheartsandcomposures，underwisePiastswithimmigratingGermans，weguesstohavebecomedoublyrapid。
[Busching，Erdbeschreibung，viii。725；
Hubner，t。94。]
THIRDEPOCH；ADOPTTHEREFORMATION:A。D。1414—1517。Schlesien，hangingtoBohemiainthismanner，extensivelyadoptedHuss’sdoctrines；stillmoreextensivelyLuther’s；andthatwasadifficultelementinitslot，though，Ibelieve，anunspeakablypreciousone。ItcostaboveaCenturyofsadtumults，ZiscaWars；
nayabovetwoCenturies，includingthesadThirty—YearsWar；——whichmiseries，inBohemiaProper，weresometimesverysadandevenhorrible。ButSchlesien，theoutlyingCountry，did，inallthis，sufferlessthanBohemiaProper；anddidNOTloseitsEvangelicalDoctrineinresult，asunfortunateBohemiadid，andsinkintosluttish"fanaticaltorpor，andbigCrucifixesofjapannedTinbythewayside，"thoughinthecourseofsubsequentyears，namedofPeace，itwasneardoingso。Herearethesteps，orunavailingcounter—steps，inthatlatterdirection:——
A。D。1537。Occurred，asweknow，theERBVERBRUDERUNG；DukeofLiegnitz，andofotherextensiveheritages，makingDeedofBrotherhoodwithKur—Brandenburg；——Deedforbidden，andsofarasmightbe，rubbedoutandannihilatedbythethenKingofBohemia，subsequentlyKaiserFerdinandI。，KarlV。’sBrother。DukeofLiegnitzhadtogiveuphisparchments，andbecomezerointhatmatter:Kur—Brandenburgentirelyrefusedtodoso；kepthisparchments，toseeiftheywouldnotturntosomething。
A。D。1624。Schlesien，especiallythethenDukeofLiegnitz（great—grandsonoftheERBVERBRUDERUNGone），andpoorJohannGeorge，DukeofJagerndorf，cadetofthethenKur—Brandenburg，wentwarmlyaheadintotheWinter—Kingproject，firstfireoftheThirty—YearsWar；sufferingsfromPapalencroachment，inhighquarters，beingreallyextreme。Warmlyahead；andhadtosmartsharplyforit；——poorJohannGeorgewithforfeitureofJagerndorf，withREICHES—ACHT（BanoftheEmpire），andtotalruin；fightingagainstwhichhesoondied。ActofBanandForfeiturewasdonetyrannously，saidmostmen；anditwaspersistedinequallyso，tillmenceasedspeakingofit；——JagerndorfDuchy，fruitoftheAct，washeldbyAustria，everafter，indefianceoftheLawsoftheReich。ReligiousOppressionlayheavyonProtestantSchlesienthenceforth；andmanylukewarmindividualitieswerebroughtbacktoOrthodoxybythatmethod，successfulinthediligentskilledhandsofJesuitReverendFathers，withfiscalsandsoldiersintherearofthem。
A。D。1648。TreatyofWestphaliamendedmuchofthis，andsetfairlimitstoPapistencroachment；——hadsaidTreatybeenkept:buthowcouldit？ByOrthodoxAuthority，auxioustorecoverlostsouls，oratleasttohaveloyalsubjects，itwaspubliclykeptinname；andtacitly，insubstance，itwasviolatedmoreandmore。Ofthe"BlossomingofSilesianLiterature，"spokenofinBooks；ofthePoetOpitz，PoetsLogan，Hoffmannswaldau，whoburstintoakindofSongbetterorworseatthisPeriod，wewillremembernothing；butrequestthereadertorememberit，ifheistunefullygiven，orthinksitagoodsymptomofSchlesien。
A。D。1707。TreatyofAltranstadt:betweenKaiserJosephI。andKarlXII。SwedishKarl，marchingthroughthoseparts，——outofPoland，inchaseofAugustthePhysicallyStrong，towardsSaxony，theretobeathimsoft，——waswaiteduponbySilesianDeputationsofalamentablenature；wasentreated，fortheloveofChristandHisEvangel，to"ProtectuspoorProtestants，andgettheTreatyofWestphaliaobservedonourbehalf，andfair—playshown！"WhichKarldid；KaiserJoseph，withsuchweightofFrenchWarlyingonhim，beingmuchstruckwiththetoneofthatdangerousSwede。ThePoperebukedKaiserJosephforsuchcomplianceintheSilesianmatter:
"HolyFather，"answeredthisKaiser（notofdistinguishedorthodoxyintheHouse），"IamtoogladhedidnotaskmetobecomeLutheran；
IknownothowIshouldhavehelpedmyself！"[Pauli，
AllgemeinePreussischeStaats—Geschichte（viii。
298—592）；Busching，Erdbeschreibung（viii。
700—739）；&c。——HeinrichWuttke，FriedrichsdesGrossenBesitzergreifungvonSchlesien（SeizureofSilesiabyFriedrich，2vols。Leipzig，1843），ImentiononlylestingenuousreadersshouldbetemptedbytheTitletobuyit。WuttkebeginsattheCreationoftheWorld；andhaving，intwoheavyvolumes，atlaststruggleddowncloseTOtheBESITZERGREIFUNGorSeizureinquestion，callshalt；andstands（atease，wewillhope）immovablytherefortheseventeenyearssince。]
ThesearetheThreeEpochs；——mostthings，inrespectofthisThirdorReformationEpoch，steppingsteadilydownwardhitherto。AstotheFourthEpoch，dating"13thDec。1740，"whichcontinues，uptoourdayandfarther，andisthefinalandcrowningEpochofSilesianHistory，——readinthefollowingChapters。
ChapterII。
FRIEDRICHMARCHESONGLOGAU。
AtwhathourFriedrichceaseddancingonthatfamousBall—nightofBielfeld’s，andhowlonghesleptafter，orwhetheratall，noBielfeldevenmythicallysays:butnextmorning，asispatenttoalltheworld，Tuesday，13thDecember，1740，atthestrokeofnine，hestepsintohiscarriage；andwithsmallescortrollsawaytowardsFrankfurt—on—Oder；[Helden—Geschichte，i。452；Preuss，Thronbesteigung，
p。456。]outuponanEnterprisewhichwillhaveresultsforhimselfandothers。
Twoyoungishmilitarymen，Adjutant—Generalsboth，werewithhim，Wartensleben，Borck；bothoncefellowCaptainsinthePotsdamGiants，andmuchinhisintimacyeversince。WartenslebenweoncesawatBrunswick，onaMasonicoccasion；Borck，whomwehereseeforthefirsttime，isnottheColonelBorck（properlyMajor—General）whodidtheHerstalOperationlately；stilllessishethevenerableoldMinister，MarlboroughVeteran，andnowField—MarshalBorck，whomHothamtreatedwith，onacertainoccasion。TherearenumerousBorcksalwaysintheKing’sservice；
norarethesethree，exceptbyloosecousinry，relatedtooneanother。TheBorcksallcomefromStettinquarter；abravekindred，andoldenough，——"OldastheDevil，DASISTSOOLDALSDEBORCKEN
UNDDEDUWEL，"saysthePomeranianProverb；——theAdjutant—General，ajuniormemberoftheclan，chancestobethenotablestofthematthismoment。Wartensleben，Borck，andacertainColonelvonderGolz，whomalsotheKingmuchesteems，thesearehiscompanyonthisdrive。Forescort，orguardofhonoroutofBerlintothenextstages，thereisasmallbodyofHussars，Life—guardandotherCavalry，"perhaps500horseinall。"
Theydriverapidly，throughthegraywinter；reachFrankfurt—on—
Oder，sixtymilesormore；wherenodoubtthereismilitarybusinesswaiting。Theyareforward，onthemorrow，fordinner，fortymilesfarther，atasmallTowncalledCrossen，whichlooksoverintoSilesia；andis，forthepresent，headquarterstoaPrussianArmy，standingreadythereandintheenvirons。
Standingready，orhourlymarchingin，andrendezvousing；nowabout28，000strong，horseandfoot。ARearguardofTenorTwelveThousandwillmarchfromBerlinintwodays，pausehereabouts，andfollowaccordingtocircumstances:PrussianArmywillthenbesome40，000inall。SchwerinhasbeenCommander，managerandmainspringofthebusinesshitherto:henceforthitistobetheKing；
butSchwerinunderhimwillstillhaveaDivisionofhisown。
AmongtheRegiments，wenotice"SchulenburgHorse—Grenadiers，"
——comealongfromLandsberghither，theseHorse—Grenadiers，withlittleSchulenburgattheheadofthem；——"DragoonRegimentBayreuth，""LifeguardCarbineers，""DerschauofFoot；"andotherRegimentsandfiguresslightlyknowntous，orthatwillbebetterknown。[ListinHelden—Geschichte，i。453。]
Rearguard，justgettingunderwayatBerlin，hasforleadersthePrinceofHolstein—Beck（"Holstein—VAISSELLE，"saywags，sincethePrincipalitywentalltoSILVER—PLATE）andtheHereditaryPrinceofAnhalt—Dessau，whomwecalledtheYoungDessauer，ontheStrasburgJourneylately:Rearguard，wesay，isof12，000；mainArmyis28，000；HorseandFootareintheproportionofabout1to3。
Artillery"consistsof20three—pounders；4twelve—pounders；
4howitzers（HAUBITZEN）；4bigmortars，calibrefiftypounds；
andofArtillerymen166inall。"
WiththisForcetheyoungKinghas，onhisownbasis（prettymuchinspiteofalltheworld，aswefindnowandafterwards），determinedtoinvadeSilesia，andlayholdofthePropertyhehaslonghadthere；——notcomputing，fornonecancompute，thesleepingwhirlwindshemaychancetoawakenthereby。ThuslightlydoesamanenteruponEnterpriseswhichproveunexpectedlymomentous，andshapethewholeremainderofhisdaysforhim；crossingtheRubiconasitwereinhissleep。InLife，asonRailwaysatcertainpoints，——whetheryouknowitornot，thereisbutaninch，thiswayorthat，intowhattramyouareshunted；buttrytogetoutofitagain！"Themanismad，CETHOMME—LAESTFOL！"saidLouisXV。whenheheardit。[Raumer，Beitrage（EnglishTranslation，calledFrederickII。andhisTimes；fromBritishMuseumandState—Paper0ffice:——averyindistinctpoorBook，incomparisonwithwhetitmighthavebeen），p。73（24thDec。1740）。]
FRIEDRICHATCROSSEN，ANDSTILLINHISOWNTERRITORY，14th—16thDECEMBER；——STEPSINTOSCHLESIEN。
Atallevents，themanmeanstotry；——andisherediningatCrossen，noonofWednesday，the14th；certainimportantpersons，——especiallytwoSilesianGentlemen，deputedfromGrunberg，thenearestSilesianTown，whohavecomeacrosstheborderonbusiness，——havingthehonortodinewithhim。Towhomhismannerislivelyandaffable；livelyinmood，asiftherelaynoloaduponhisspirits。ThebusinessofthesetwoSilesianGentlemen，aBaronvonHockeoneofthem，aBaronvonKestlitztheother，wasTopresent，onthepartoftheTownandAmtofGrunberg，asolemnProtestagainstthismeditatedentranceontheTerritoryofSchlesien；Governmentitself，fromBreslau，orderingthemtodoso。
Protestwasdulypresented；Friedrich，ashismanneris，andcontinuestobeonhismarch，glancespolitelyintoorattheProtest；handsit，insilence，tosomepageorsecretarytodepositintheduepigeon—holeorwaste—basket；andinvitesthetwoSilesianGentlementodinewithhim；as，wesee，theyhavethehonortodo。"He（ER）livesnearGrunberg，then，MeinHerrvonHocke？""Closetoit，IHROMAJESTAT。Mypoormansion，SchlossofDeutsch—Kessel，issomefifteenmileshence；howinfinitelyatyourMajesty’sservice，shouldthemarchproveinevitable，andgothatway！"——"Well，perhaps！"IfindFriedrichdiddine，theseconddayhence，withoneoftheseGentlemen；andlodgedwiththeother。
GovernmentatBreslauhasorderedsuchProtest，onthepartoftheFrontierpopulationsandOfficialpersons:andthisisallthatcomesofit。
Duringthesehours，itchancedthatthebigBellofCrossendroppedfromitssteeple，——fulnessoftime，orentirerottennessofaxle—tree，beingatlastcompleted，atthisfatefulmoment。Perhapsanominousthing？Friedrich，asCaesarandothershavedone，cheerfullyinterpretstheomentohisownadvantage:"SignthattheHighistobebroughtlow！"saysFriedrich。Werethemarch—routes，wagon—trains，andmultifariousadjustmentsperfecttothelastitemhereatCrossen，hewillwithmuchcheerfulnessstepintoSilesia，independentofallGrunbergProtestsandfallenBells。
Ontheseconddayhedoesactuallycross；"theregimentsmarchingin，atdifferentpoints；somereachingasfaras25milesin。"
ItisFriday，16thDecember，1740；therehasagamebegunwhichwilllastlong！TheywentthroughtheVillageofLasgen；thatwasthefirstpointofSilesianground（"CircleofSchwiebus，"ouroldfriend，isontheleftnearby）；and"Schwerin’sRegimentwastheforemost。"Otherscrossmoretotheleftorright；"marchingthroughtheVillageofLessen，"andotherdimVillagesandlittleTowns，roundandbeyondGrunberg；allregimentsanddivisionsbearinguponGrunbergandtheGreatRoad；butartisticallyportionedout，——severalmilesinbreadth（forthesakeofquarters），and，asisgenerallytherule，aboutaday’smarchinlength。ThiseveningnearlythewholeArmywasonSilesianground。
Printed"Patent"orProclamation，brieflyassuringallSilesians，ofwhateverrank，conditionorreligion，"Thatwehavecomeasfriendstothem，andwillprotectallpersonsintheirprivileges，andmolestnopeaceablemortal，"ispostedonChurch—doors，andextensivelydistributedbyhand。Soldiersareforbidden，"underpenaltyoftherods，"Officersunderthatof"cassationwithinfamy，"totakeanything，withoutfirstbargainingandpayingreadymoneyforit。OnthesetermstheSilesianvillagescheerfullyenoughaccepttheirnewguests，interestingtotheruralmind；andthoughthebilletingwasratherheavy，"asmanyas24soldierstoacommonFarmer（GARTNER），"nocomplaintsweremade。InoneSchloss，wheretheownershadfled，andnohumanresponsewastobehadbythewayworn—soldiery，theredidoccursomebreakagesandimpatientkickingsabout；whichitgrievedhisMajestytohearof，nextmorning；——inone，notinmore。
Officialpersons，weperceive，studytobeabsolutelypassive。
ThiswastheBurgermeister’scourseatGrunbergto—night；Grunberg，firstTownontheFrontier，setsanexampleofpassivitywhichcannotbesurpassed。PrussiantroopsbeingattheGateofGrunberg，BurgermeisterandadjunctssittinginatacitexpectantconditionintheirTown—hall，therearrivesaPrussianLieutenantrequiringoftheBurgermeistertheKeyofsaidGate。"TodeliversuchKey？
WouldtoGodIdurst，MeinHerrLieutenant；buthowdareI！
ThereistheKeylying:buttoGIVEit——YouarenottheQueenofHungary’sOfficer，Idoubt？"——ThePrussianLieutenanthastoputouthand，andtaketheKey；whichhereadilydoes。Andonthemorrow，inreturningit，whenthemarchrecommences，therearethesamephenomena:BurgermeisterorassistantsdarenotforthelifeofthemtouchthatKey:Itlayonthetable；andmayagain，inthecourseofProvidence，cometolie！——ThePrussianLieutenantlaysitdownaccordingly，andhurriesout，withagrinonhisface。
Therewasmuchsmalllaughteroverthistransaction；Majestyhimselflaughingwellatit。HigherperfectionofpassivitynoBurgermeistercouldshow。
Themarch，asreadersunderstand，istowardsGlogau；astrongishGarrisonTown，nowsome40milesahead；thekeyofNorthernSchlesien。Grunberg（wheremyreadersoncesleptforthenight，inthelateKing’stime，thoughtheyhaveforgottenit）isthefirstandonlyconsiderableTownonthehithersideofGlogau。OntoGlogau，Iratherperceive，theArmyisingoodpartprovisionedbeforestarting:afterGlogau，——wemustsee。Bread—wagons，Baggage—
wagons，Ammunition—and—Artillerywagons，allisinorder；Armyartisticallyportionedout。Thatistheformofmarch；withGlogauahead。King，aswesaidabove，dineswithhisBaronvonHocke，attheSchlossofDeutsch—Kessel，shortwaybeyondGrunberg，thisfirstday:buthebynomeansloitersthere；——cutsacross，adozenmileswestward，throughacountrywherehisvanguardonitsvariouslinesofmarchoughttobearriving；——andgoestolodge，attheSchlossofSchweinitz，withhisotherBaron，theVonKestlitzofWednesdayatCrossen。[Helden—Geschichte，
i。459。]ThisisFriday，16thDecember，hisfirstnightonSilesianground。
WHATGLOGAU，ANDTHEGOVERNMENTATBRESLAU，DIDUPONIT。
Silesia，inthewayofresistance，isnotintheleastpreparedforhim。Amonthago，therewerenotabove3，000AustrianFootand600
HorseinthewholeProvince:neitherthemilitaryGovernorCountWallis，northeImperialCourt，noranyOfficialPersonnearorfar，hadtheleastanticipationofsuchaVisit。CountWallis，whocommandsinGlogau，didinperson，nineortendaysago，astherumorsroseeverhigher，runovertoCrossen；sawwithhiseyestheundeniablethere；andhasbeenzealouslyendeavoringeversince，whathecould，totakemeasures。WallisisnowshutinGlogau；
hissecond，thenowActingGovernor，GeneralBrowne，astillmorereflectiveman，isdoinglikewisehisutmost；butonforlornterms，andwithouttheleastguidancefromCourt。Brownehas，byviolentindustry，rakedtogether，fromMahrenandtheneighboringcountries，certainfractionswhichraisehisForceto7，000Foot:
thesehethrows，insmallparties，intothedefensiblepoints；
or，inlarger，intotheChiefGarrisons。NewCavalryhecannotget；
theold600Horsehekeepsforhimself，allthemarchingArmyhehas。[ParticularsinHelden—Geschichte，
i。465；totalofAustrianForceseemstobe7，800horseandfoot。]
FainwouldhegetpossessionofBreslau，andthrowinsomegarrisonthere；butcannot。NeitherhenorWalliscouldcompassthat。
BreslauisaCitydividedagainstitself，onthismatter；fullofemotions，ofexpectations，apprehensionsforandagainst。ThereisaSupremeSilesianGovernment（OBER—AMT"Head—Office，"kindofAustrianVice—Royalty）inBreslau；andthereis，onBreslau’sownscore，aTown—Rath；strictlyCatholicboththese，Viennathebreathoftheirnostrils。Butthenalsothereareforty—fourIncorporatedTrades；OppressedProtestantinMajority；towhomViennaisnotbreath，butratherthewantofit。Lastly，theCitycallsitselfFree；andhascrabbedprivilegesstillvalid；a"JUSPROESIDII"（orrighttobeone’sowngarrison）oneofthem，andthemostinconvenientjustnow。BreslauisaREICH—STADT；intheory，sovereignmemberoftheReich，andsupremeoveritsownaffairs，evenasAustriaitself:——andthetruthis，oldTheoryandnewFact，resolvednottoquarrel，havelapsedintooneanother’sarmsinaquiteinextricableway，inBreslauaselsewhere！WithaHeadGovernmentwhichcangetnoordersfromVienna，theveryTown—Rathhaslittlealacrity，inclinesrathertopassivitylikeGrunberg；
andasilentpopulationthreatenstobecomevocalifyoupressuponit。
Breslau，thatistosaytheOBER—AMTthere，hassentcourieroncouriertoViennaforweekspast:notevenananswer；——whatcanViennaanswer，withKur—Baiernandothersthreateningwaronit，andonlyl0，000poundsinitsNationalPurse？Answeratlastis，"Don’tbother！Dangerisnotsonear。Whyspendmoneyoncouriers，andgetintosuchataking？"GeneralWalliscametoBreslau，afterwhathehadseenatCrossen；andurgedstrongly，inthenameofself—preservation，firstlawofNature，togetanAustrianrealGarrisonintroduced；wishedmuch（horribletothinkof！）"thesuburbsshouldbeburnt，andbetterrampartsraised:"butcouldnotsucceedinanyofthesepoints，norevenmentionsomeoftheminapublicmanner。"YoushallhaveaProtestantforcommandant，"
suggestedWallis；"thereisCountvonRoth，Silesian—Lutheran，anexcellentSoldier！"——"Thanks，"answeredthey，"wecandefendourselves；wehadrathernothaveany！"AndtheBreslauBurghershave，accordingly，settodrillthemselves；arebringingoutoldcannoninquantity；repairingbreaches；verystrictinsentry—work:
"PerfectlyabletodefendourCity，——sofarasweseegood！"——
Tuesdaylast，December13th（theverydayFriedrichleftBerlin），asthismatteroftheGarrison，longurgedbytheOber—Amt，hadatlastbeengotagreedtobytheTown—Rath，"onprovisoofconsultingtheIncorporatedTrades"，oratleastconsultingtheirGuild—
Masters，whoareusuallyasilentfolk，——theGuild—Masterssuddenlybecameinpartvocal；andtheirforty—fourGuildsunusuallyso:——andtherewastumultinBreslau，intheSalz—Ring（bigcentralSquareormarket—place，whichtheycallRING）suchashadnotbeen；
idlepopulation，andguild—brethrenofsuspicioushumor，gatheringinmultitudesintoandroundthefineoldTown—hallthere；
questioning，answering，inlouderandlouderkey；atlastbellowingquiteinalt；andontheedgeofflamingintooneknewnotwhat:
[Helden—Geschichte，i。469。]——tillthematterofAustrianGarrison（muchmore，ofburningthesuburbs！）hadtobedropt；settledinwhatwaywesee。
HeadGovernment（OBER—AMT）has，throughitsNorthernofficialpeople，sentProtest，strictordertotheSilesianPopulationtolooksouronthePrussians:——andwesaw，inconsequence，thetwoSilesianGentlemendiddinewithFriedrich，andhehasreturnedtheirvisits；andtheMayorofGrunbergwouldnottouchhiskeys。
HeadGovernmentisnowredactinga"Patent，"orstillmoresolemnProtestofitsown；whichlikewiseitwillaffixintheSalz—Ringhere，andpresenttoKingFriedrich:andthis——except"despatchingbyboatdowntheriveragreatdealofmealtoGlogau"，whichwasanimportantquietthing，ofWallis’senforcing——isprettymuchallitcando。NoAustrianGarrisoncanbegotin（"Perfectlyabletodefendourselves！"）——letGovernmentandWallisorBrownecontriveastheymay。Andastoburningthesuburbs，betternotwhisperofthatagain。Breslaufeels，orwouldfainfeelitself"perfectlyable；"——hasatanyratenowishtobebombarded；andcontainsprivatelyagreatdealofProtestanthumor。Ofallwhich，Friedrich，itisnotdoubted，hasnoticemoreorlessdistinct；
andquickenshismarchthemore。
GeneralBrowneisatpresentintheSouthernparts；anableactivemanandsoldier；but，withsuchaforcewhatcanheattempttodo？
TherearethreestrongplacesintheCountry，Glogau，thenBrieg，bothontheOderriver；lastlyNeisse，ontheNeisseriver，abranchoftheOder（oneoftheFOURNeisseriversthereareinGermany，mostlyinSilesia，——nothandytotheaccuratereaderofGermanBooks）。BrowneisinNeisse；andwillstartintoastrangestarewhentheflyingpostreacheshim:Prussiansactuallyonmarch！Debatewiththem，ifdebatethereistobe，Brownehimselfmustcontrivetodo；fromBreslau，fromVienna，noGovernmentSupremeorSubordinatecanyieldhis8，000andhimtheleasthelp。
Glogau，aswesaw，meanstodefenditself；atleast，GeneralWallistheCommandant，does，inspiteoftheGlogaupublic；andis，withhiswholemight，digging，palisading，gettinginmeal，saltmeatandotherprovender；——likewiseburningsuburbs，uncontrollablehe，inthesmallplace；andclearingdowntheoutsideedificesandshelters，atadiligentrate。Yesterday，15thDecember，heburntdownthe"threeOder—Mills，whichlieoutsidethebigsuburbanTavern，alsotheZIEGEL—SCHEUNE（Tile—Manufactory），"andothervaluablebuildings，carelessofpubliclamentation，——firecatchingtheTownitself，andneedingtobequenchedagain。
[Helden—Geschichte，i。473—475。]Nay，hewasclearforburningdown，orblowingup，theProtestantChurch，indispensablesacrededificewhichstandsoutsidethewalls:
"Prussianswillmakeablock—houseofit！"saidWallis。AchiefProtestant，BaronvonSomething，beggedpassionatelyforonlytwelvehoursofrespite，——tolaythecasebeforehisPrussianMajesty。Respiteconceded，heandanotherchiefProtestanthadpostedoffaccordingly；anddidthenextmorning（Friday，16th），shortwayfromCrossen，meethisMajesty’scarriage；whograciouslypulledupforafewinstants，andlistenedtotheirstory。"MEINE
HERREN，youarethefirstthataskafavorofmeonSilesianground；itshallbedoneyou！"saidtheKing；andstraightwaydespatched，inpolitestyle，hiswrittenrequesttoWallis，engagingtomakenomilitaryusewhateverofsaidChurch，"buttoattackbytheotherside，ifattackwerenecessary。"ThushisMajestysavedtheChurchofGlogau；whichofcoursewasapopularact。GettingtoseethisChurchhimselfafewdayshence，hesaid，"Why，itmustcomedownatanyrate，andberebuilt；souglyathing！"
Wallisismakingstrenuouspreparation；forcestheinhabitants，eventheupperkindsofthem，tolabordayandnightbyrelays，inhisrampartings，palisadings；isforburningalltheadjacentVillages，——andwouldhavedoneit，hadnotthepeasantsthemselvesturnedoutinadangerousstateofmind。Hehasgottogetherabout1，000men。Hispowder，theysay，isfiftyyearsold；buthehaseatableprovenderfromBreslau，andmeanstoholdouttotheutmost。ReadersmustadmitthattheAustrianmilitary，GrafvonWallistobeginwith，——stillmore，GeneralBrowne，whoisayoungermanandhasnowtheheadcharge，——behavewellintheirpresentforsakencondition。Wallis（GrafFRANZWENZELthisone，nottobeconfoundedwithanolderWallisheardofinthelateTurkWar）isofScotchdescent，——asalltheseWallisesare；"cametoAustrialonggenerationsago；REICHSGRAFSsince1612:"——BrowneisofIrish；agenowthirty—five，tenyearsyoungerthanWallis。
ReadthisNoteonthedistinguishedBrowne:——
"AGerman—IrishGentleman，thisGeneral（ultimatelyFieldmarshal）
GrafvonBrowne；oneofthosesadexiledIrishJacobites，orsonsofJacobites，whoarefightinginforeignarmies；ableandnotablemenseveralofthem，andthisBrowneconsiderablythemostso。
Weshallmeethimrepeatedlywithinthenexteighteenyears。
Maximilian—UlyssesGrafvonBrowne:IsaidhewasbornGerman；
Baselhisbirthplace（23dOctober，1705），Fatheralsoasoldier:
hemustnotbeconfoundedwithacontemporaryCousinofhis，whoisalso’FieldmarshalBrowne，’butservesinRussia，GovernorofRigaforalongtimeinthecomingyears。ThisAustrianGeneral，FieldmarshalBrowne，willbyandbyconcernussomewhat；andthereadermaytakenoteofhim。
"WhotheIrishBrothersBrowne，theFathersoftheseMarshalsBrowne，were？IhavelookedinwhatIrishPeeragesandprintedRecordstherewere，butwithouttheleastresult。OnebigdropsicalBook，oflanguidquality，calledKingJames’sIrishArmy—List，hasmultitudesofBrownesandothers，inanindistinctform；buttheoneBrownewanted，theoneLacy，almosttheoneLally，likethepartofHAMLET，areomitted。TherearesomanyIrishinthelikecasewiththeseBrownes。ALacyweonceslightlysaworheardof；busyinthePolish—Electiontime，——
besiegingDantzig（investingDantzig，thatMunnichmightbesiegeit）；——thatLacy，’GovernorofRiga，’whomtheRUSSIANBrownewillsucceed，isalsoIrish:aconspicuousRussianman；andwillhaveaSonLacy，conspicuousamongtheAustrians。Maguires，Ogilvies（oftheIrishstock），Lieutenants’Fitzgeral；’verymanyIrish；
andthereisnottheleastdistinctaccounttobehadofanyofthem。"[ForBrownesee"AnonymousofHamburg"（soIhavehadtolabelaJ。F。S。Geschichtedes&c。——infact，HistoryofSeven—YearsWar，insuccessivevolumes，donechieflybythescissors；LeipzigandFrankfurt，1759，etseqq。），i。123—131
n。:elaborateNoteofeightpagesthere；intimatingwithalthathe，J。F。S。，wrotethe"LifeofBrowne，"aBookI
hadinvainsoughtfor；andcannowguesstoconsistofthosesameelaborateeightpages，PLUSwaterandlatheringtothedueamount。
Anonymous"ofHamburg"IcallmyJ。F。S。，——havingfishedhimoutofthedust—abyssesinthatCity:averypoortake；yetworthcitingsometimes，beingauthentic，aseventhedarkestGermansgenerallyare。——ForaglimpseofLACY（theElderLacy）seeBusching，
Beitrage，vi。162。——ForWALLIS（tombstoneNoteonWallis）see（amongotherswhoarecopiousinthatkindofarticle，andkeeplargesacksofit，inadmireddisorder）AnonymousSeyfarth，GeschichteFriedrichsdesAndern
（Leipzig，1784—1788），i。112n。；andAnonymous，Lebender&c。MarieTheresie（Leipzig，1781），27n。:laboriouslyauthenticBooksboth；essentialyDICTIONARIES，——stuffedasintoarowofblindSACKS。]
LetusattendhisMajestyonthenextfewmarchestowardsGlogau，toseethemannerofthethingalittle；afterwhichitwillbehooveustobemuchmoresummary，andstickbythemainincidents。
MARCHTOWEICHAU（SATURDAY，17th，ANDSTAYSUNDAYTHERE）；
TOMILKAU（MONDAY，19th）；GETTOHERRENDORF，WITHINSIGHTOF
GLOGAU，DECEMBER22d。
Friedrich’smarchproceedswithspeedandregularity。Strictdisciplineismaintained；allthingspaidfor，damagecarefullyavoided:"Wecome，notasinvasiveenemiesofyouoroftheQueenofHungary，butasprotectivefriendsofSilesiaandofherMajesty’srightsthere；——herMajestyonceallowingus（asitispresumableshewill）ourownrightsinthisProvince，nomanshallmeddlewithhers，whilewecontinuehere。"Tothateffectrunsthelittle"Patent，"orinitiatoryProclamation，extensivelyhandedout，andpostedinpublicplaces，aswassaidabove；andthepracticeisconformable。Toallmen，comingwithProtestsorotherwise，weperceive，theyoungKingispolitenessitself；
givingclearanswer，andpromisewhichwillbekept，ontheaboveprinciple。Nothingangershimexceptthatgentlemenshoulddisbelieve，andrunaway。Thatamansionbefounddesertedbyitsowners，istheoneevilomenforsuchmansion。Thus，attheSchlossofWeichau（whichisstilldiscoverableontheMap，acrossthe"BlackOchel"andthe"White，"muddystreamswhichsauntereastwardtowards，theOderthere，nothingyetrunningwestwardfortheBober，ourotherlimitaryriver），nextnightafterSchweinitz，secondnightinSilesia，therewasnoOwnertobemetwith；andthelookofhisMajestygrewFINSTER（dark）；rememberingwhathadpassedyesternight，inlikecase，atthatotherSchlossfromwhichtheownerwithhisbestportablefurniturehadvanished。AtwhichSchloss，asabovenoticed，somedisorderswerecommittedbyangrypartiesofthemarch；——doorsburstopen（doorsstandingimpudentlydumbtotherationalproposalsmadethem！），inferiorremaindersoffurnituresmashedintofirewood，andthelike，——nodoubttohisMajesty’svexation。HereatWeichaustrictermeasuresweretaken:
andyetdifficulties，riskswerenotwanting；andtheAMTMANN
（Stewardoftheplace）gotpulledabout，andonceevenastrokeortwo。HappilytheyoungHerrofWeichauappearedinpersononthemorrow，hearinghisMajestywasstillthere:"Papaisold；livesatanotherSchloss；couldnotwaituponyourMajesty；nor，tillnow，couldIhavethathonor。"——"Well；luckythatyouhavecome:
staydinner！"WhichtheyoungCountdid，anddrovehomeintheeveningtoreassurePapa；hisMajestycontinuingthereanothernight，andtheriskover。[Helden—Geschichte，
i。459。]
Thisday，Sunday，18th，theArmyrests；theirfirstSundayinSilesia，whiletheyoungCountpayshisdevoir:andhereinWeichau，aselsewhere，itisintheChurch，Catholicnearlyalways，thattheHereticArmydoesitsdevotions，safefromweatheratleast:suchtheRoyalOrder，theysay；whichistakennoteof，bytheHeterodoxandbytheOrthodox。Andeverhenceforth，thisistheexamplefollowed；andinallplaceswherethereisnoProtestantChurchandtheCatholicshaveone，thePrussianArmy—Chaplainassembleshisbuff—beltedaudienceinthelatter:"Nooffence，ReverendFathers，buttherearehoursforus，andhoursforyou；
andsuchistheKing’sOrder。"Thereisregulardivine—serviceinthisPrussianArmy；andevenagooddealofinarticulatereligion，asonemayseeonexamining。
CountryGentlemen，TownMayorsandothercivicAuthorities，soonlearnthatonthesetermstheyaresafewithhisMajesty；marchaftermarchhehasinterviewswithsuch，toregulatethesupplies，thenecessitiesandaccidentsofthequarteringofhisTroops。
Clear，frank，opentoreasonablerepresentation，correcttohispromise；infact，industriouslyconciliatoryandpacificatory:
suchisFriedrichtoallSilesianmen。ProvincialAuthorities，whocangetnoinstructionsfromHead—quarters；Viennasayingnothing，Breslaunothing，andDeputy—GovernorBrownebeingfarsouthinNeisse，——arenaturallyindifficulties:Howshalltheyact？
Bestnottoactatall，ifonecanhelpit；andfollowtheMayorofGrunberg’sunsurpassablepattern！——
"TheseSilesians，"saysanExcerptIhavemade，"arestillinmajorityProtestant；especiallyinthisNorthernportionoftheProvince；theyhavehadtosuffermuchonthatandotherscores；
andaresecretlyoropenlyinfavorofthePrussians。
Officialpersons，alloftheCatholiccreed，haveleantheavy，notalwaysconsciousofdoingit，againstProtestantrights。TheJesuits，consciouslyenough，havebeenandarebusywiththem；
intenttorecallaHereticPopulationbyallmethods，fairandunfair。WeheardofCharlesXII。’sinterference，three—and—thirtyyearsago；andhowtheKaiser，hardbestedatthattime，hadtoprofessrepentanceandengageforcompleteamendment。Amendmentdid，forthemoment，accordinglytakeplace。TreatyofWestphaliainallitsstipulations，withprecautionaryimprovements，wasre—enactedasTreatyofAltranstadt；withfaithfulintentionofkeepingittoo，onKaiserJoseph’spart，whowasnotasuperstitiousman:’HolyFather，IwastoogladhedidnotdemandmyownconversiontotheProtestantHeresy，bestedasIam，——withLouisQuatorzeandCompanyupontheneckofme！’Someimprovementofperformance，verymarkedatfirst，didensueuponthisAltranstadtTreaty。ButthesternlyaccurateKarlofSwedensoondisappearedfromthescene；KaiserJosephofAustriasoondisappeared；andhisBrother，KarlVI。，wasamuchmoreorthodoxperson。
"TheAustrianGovernment，andKaiserKarl’sinparticular，isnottobecalledanintentionallyunjustone；thecontrary，Iratherfind；butitis，beyondothers，ponderous；basedbroadonsuchmultiplexformalities，oldhabitudes；andGRAVITATIONhasagreatpoweroverit。Inbrief，Officialhumannature，withthebestofKaisersatop，flagitatedcontinuallybyJesuitConfessors，doesthrowitsweightonacertainside:thesadfactis，inafewyearsthebrightnessofthatAltranstadtimprovementbegantowaxdim；
andnow，underlongJesuitmanipulation，Silesianthingsarenearlyattheiroldpass；andthepatienceofmenisheavilyladen。ToseeyourChapelmadeaSoldiers’Barrack，yourProtestantSchoolbecomeaJesuitone，——Mendidnotthenthinkofrevoltingunderinjuries；
butthepoorSilesianweaver，trudgingtwentymilesforhisSundaysermon；andperceivingthat，unlesstheirMothercouldteachtheartofreading，hisboys，exceptundersoul’speril，wouldnowneverlearnit:suchaSilesiancouldnotwantforreflections。
Voiceless，hopeless，butheavy；anddwellingsecretly，asundernightmare，inamillionhearts。AustrianOfficiality，wilfullyunjust，ornotwilfullyso，isadmittedtobeinamostheavy—
footedcondition；canadministernothingwell。GoodGovernmentinanykindisnotknownhere:PossiblythePrussianwillbebetter；
whocansay？
"Thesecretjoyofthesepopulations，asFriedrichadvancesamongthem，becomesmoreandmoreamanifestone。CatholicOfficialsdonotventureonanydefinitehope，ordefinitebalanceofhopeandfear，butadopttheMayorofGrunberg’scourse，andstudytobepassiveandsilent。TheJesuit—PriestkindareclearintheirmindsforAustria；butthink，PerhapsPrussiaitselfwillnotproveverytyrannous？Atallevents，besilent；itisunsafetostir。
Wenoticegenerally，itisonlyintheSouthernorMountainregionsofSilesia，wheretheCatholicsareinmajority，thatthepopulationisnotardentlyonthePrussianside。Passive，iftheyareontheotherside；accuratelypassiveatlowest，thisitisprescribedallprudentmentobe。"
Onthe18th，whiledivineservicewentonatWeichau，therewasatBreslauanotherphenomenonobservable。ProvincialGovernmentinBreslauhad，atlength，afterintensestudy，andacrosssuchdifficultiesaswehavenoideaof，gotits"Patent，"orcarefullywordedProtestationagainstPrussia，broughttopaper；anddoes，thisday，withconsiderablesolemnity，affixittotheRathhausdoorthere，fortheperusalofmankind；despatchingaCopyforhisPrussianMajestywithal，bytwoMessengersofdignity。Ithasneededcouragescrewedtothesticking—placetoventureonsuchastep，withoutinstructionfromHead—quarters；andtheutmostpowersoftheOfficialmindhavebeentaxedtocouchthisDocumentinlanguagepolitelyambiguous，andyetstrongenough；——toostrong，someofusnowthinkit。Inanycase，hereitnowis；ProvincialGovernment’sbolt，sotospeak，isshot。Theaffixingtookplaceunderdarkweather—symptoms；actualoutburstofthunderandrainatthemoment，nottospeakoftheothersureromens。Sothat，tothecommonmindatBreslau，itdidnotseemtherewouldmuchfruitcomeofthisdifficultperformance。Breslauissecretlyamuch—agitatedCity；andPrussianHussarParties，shootingforthtogreatdistancesahead，were，thisdayforthefirsttime，observedwithinsightofit。
AndonthesameSundayweremarkfarther，whatisstillmoreimportant:HerrvonGotter，Friedrich’sspecialEnvoytoVienna，hashisfirstinterviewwiththeQueenofHungary，orwithGrand—
DukeFranztheQueen’sHusbandandCo—Regent；andpresentsthere，fromFriedrich’sownhand，writtenwerememberwhen，briefdistinctNoteofhisPrussianMajesty’sactualProposalsandrealmeaninginregardtothisSilesianAffair。Proposalsanxiouslyconciliatoryintone，buttheheavypurportofwhichisknowntous:Gotterhadbeendespatched，timeenough，withtheseProposals（writtenaboveamonthago）；butwasinstructednottoarrivewiththem，tillaftertheactualentranceintoSilesia。Andnowtheresponsetothemis——？Asgoodasnothing；perhapsworse。Letthatsufficeusatpresent。Readers，onmarchforGlogau，wouldgrudgetopauseoverState—papers，thoughweshallhavetoreadthisofFriedrich’satsomefreermoment。
Monday，19th，beforedaybreak，theArmyisastiragain，simultaneouslywendingforward；spreadoverwideareas，likeavastcloud（potentialthunderinit）steadilyadvancingonthewinds。
LengthoftheArmy，artisticallyportionedout，maybetenorfifteenmiles，breadthalreadymore，andgrowingmore；Schwerinalwaysontherightorwesternwing，closebytheBoberRiverasyet，throughNaumburgandtheTownsonthatside，——LiegnitzandotherimportantTownslyingaheadforSchwerin，stillfartherapartfromthemainBody，wereGlogauoncesettled。
SothatthemarchisintwoColumns；Schwerin，withthewesternmostsmallcolumn，intendingtowardsLiegnitz，andthenceeverfarthersouthward，withhisrightleaningonthehighlandswhichrisemoreandmoreintomountainsasyouadvance。Friedrichhimselfcommandstheothercolumn，hashisleftupontheOder，inacountrymountingcontinuallytowardstheSouth，butwithlessirregularityoflevel，andgenerallyflatasyet。Frombeginningtoend，theentirefieldofmarchliesbetweentheOderanditstributarytheBober；
climbingslowlytowardsthesourcesofboth。Whichtworivers，asthereadermayobserve，formherearectangularortrapezoidalspace，everwideningaswegosouthward。Bothrivers，comingfromtheGiantMountains，hastendirectlynorth；butOder，bulgingouteasterlyinhissandycourse，isobligedtoturnfairlywestwardagain；andatGlogau，andagoodspacefarther，flowsinthatdirection；——tillonceBoberstrikesin，almostatrightangles，carryingOderwithHIM，thoughheisbutabranch，straightnorthwardagain。Northward，buteverslower，totheswollenPommernregions，andsluggishexitintotheBalticthere。
Oneoftheworstfeaturesisthestateoftheweather。OnSunday，atBreslau，wenoticedthunderburstingoutonanimportantoccasion；"ominous，"somementhought；——omen，foronething，thattheweatherwasbreaking。AtWeichau，thatsameday，rainbegan，——theyoungHerrofWeichau，drivinghometoPapafromdinnerwithMajesty，wouldgethisshareofit；——andonMonday，19th，therewassuchapourofrainaskeptmostwayfarers，thoughitcouldnotthePrussianArmy，withindoors。Raininplunges，fallenandfalling，throughthatblessedday；makingroadsintomereriversofmud。
ThePrussianhostsmarchedon，allthesame。Head—quarters，withthevanofthewetArmy，thatnight，wereatMilkau；——fromwhichplacewehaveaNoteofFriedrich’sforFriendJordan，perhapsproduciblebyandby。HisMajestylodgedinsomeopulentJesuitEstablishmentthere。Andindeedhecontinuedthere，notidle，undershelter，foracoupleofdays。TheJesuits，bytheirtwoheadmen，hadwelcomedhimwiththeirchoicestsmiles；towhomtheKingwasverygracious，askingthetwotodinnerasusual，andstylingthem"YourReverence。"WillingtoingratiatehimselfwithpersonsofinterestinthisCountry；andlikestalk，evenwithJesuitsofdiscernment。
Onthemorrow（20th），cametohim，hereatMilkau，——probablyfromsomenearstage，fortherainwaspouriugworsethanever，——thatBreslau"Patent，"orstrongishProtestation，byitstwoMessengersofdignity。TheKinglookedoverit"withoutvisibleanger"orchangeofcountenance；"handedit，"weexpresslysee，"toaPagetoreposit"intheproperwaste—basket；——spokepolitelytothetwogentlemen；askedeachoroneofthem，"AreyouoftheOber—AmtatBreslau，then？"——usingthestyleofER（He）。——"No，yourMajesty；
weareonlyoftheLand—Stande"（ProvincialParliament，suchasitis）。"Uponwhich[doyoumark！]hisMajestybecamestillmorepolite；askedthemtodinner，andusedthestyleofSIE。"FortheirPATENT，nowlyingsafeinitswaste—basket，hegavethemsignedreceipt；nootheranswer。
Rainstillheavier，rainasofNoah，continuedthroughthisTuesday，andfordaysafterwards:butthePrussianhosts，hasteningtowardsGlogau，marchedstillon。ThisTuesday’smarch，fortherearwardoftheArmy，10，000footand2，000horse；marchoftenhourslong，fromWeichautothehamletMilkau（wherehisMajestysitsbusyandaffable），——isthoughttobethewettestonrecord。
Watersallout，bridgesdown，theCountryonewildlakeofeddyingmud。Uptothekneeformanymilestogether；uptothemiddleforlongspaces；sometimesevenuptothechinordeeper，whereyourbridgewaswashedaway。ThePrussiansmarchedthroughit，asiftheyhadbeenslateoriron。Rankandfile，nobodyquittedhisrank，nobodylookedsourintheface；theytookthepouringoftheskies，andtheredseasofterrestrialliquid，asmattersthatmustbe；cheeredoneanotherwithjocosities，withchoralsnatches（tobacco，Iconsider，wouldnotburn）；andswashedunweariedlyforward。Tenhourssomeofthemwereout，theirmarchbeingtwentyortwenty—fivemiles；tentofifteenwastheaveragedistancecome。
Nor，singulartosay，didanylossoccur；exceptofALMOSTonepoorArmy—Chaplain，andaltogetherofonepoorSoldier’sWife；——sankdangerouslybothofthem，beyondredemptionshe，takingthewrongsideofsomebridge—parapet。PoorSoldier’sWife，sheisnotnamedtomeatall；andhasnohistorysavethis，andthat"shewasoftheregimentBredow。"ButIperceiveshewashedherselfawayinaWorld—Transaction；andtherewasoneroughBredower，whoprobablysatsadthatnightongettingtoquarters。HisMajestysurveyedthedampbattalionsonthemorrow（21st），notwithoutsympathy，notwithoutsatisfaction；allowedthemarest—dayhereatMilkau，togetdryandbrightagain；andgavethem"fifteenthalersacompany，"whichisaboutninepenceapiece，withsomewordsofpraise。[Helden—Geschichte，i。482。]
Nextday，Thursday，22d，hisMajestyandtheymarchedontoHerrendorf；whichisonlyfivemilesfromGlogau，andnearenoughforHead—quarters，inthenowhumoroftheplace。WallishashismessengeratHerrendorf，"SorrytowarnyourMajesty，Thatiftherebetheleasthostilitycommitted，Ishallhavetoresistittotheutmost。"Head—quarterscontinuesixdaysatHerrendorf，Army（mainbody，orleftColumn，oftheArmy）cantonedallround，tillweconsiderwhattodo。
AstotherightColumn，orSchwerin’sDivision，that，afterarest—dayortwo，gathersitselfintomorecompleteseparationhere，tuckinginitseasternskirts；andgetsonmarchagain，byitsownroute。Steadilysouthward；——andfromLiegnitz，andtheuplandCountries，therewillbenewsofSchwerinanditbeforelong。
Rainending，thereensuedaringingfrost；——notfavorableforSiege—operationsonGlogau:——andSilesiabecameallofflintyglass，withwhitepeakstotheSouthwest，whitherSchwerinisgone。
ChapterIII。
PROBLEMOFGLOGAU。
FriedrichwasoverfromHerrendorfwiththefirstdaylight，"reconnoitringGlogau，androdeuptotheveryglacis；"scanningitonallsides。[Ib。i。484。]SinceWallisissoresolute，hereisanintricatelittleproblemforFriedrich，withplentyofcorollariesandconditionshangingtoit。ShallwebesiegeGlogau，then？Wehavenosiege—cannonhere。Timepresses，Breslauandallthingsinsuchcrisis；anditwilltaketime。BywhatmethodsCOULDGlogaubebesieged？——Readerscanconsiderwhatablindmany—threadedcoilofthings，heapingitselfhereinwideweltersroundGlogau，andstragglingtotheworld’send，Friedrichhasonhand:probablythosesixdays，ofHead—quartersatHerrendorf，werethebusiesthehadyethad。
Onethingisevident，thereoughttobesiege—cannongotstraightway；and，stillmoreimmediate，therightpostsandbattering—placesshouldbereadyagainstitscoming。——"LettheYoungDessauerwiththatRearguard，orReserveof10，000，whichisnowatCrossen，comeupandassisthere，"ordersFriedrich；"andlethimbeswift，forthehoursarepregnant！"Onfartherreflection，perhapsonnewrumorsfromBreslau，FriedrichperceivesthattherecanbenobesiegingofGlogauatthispointoftime；
thattheReserve，HalfoftheReserve，mustbeleftto"mask"it；
toholditinstrictblockade，withstarvationdailyadvancingasanalIytous，andwithcapturebybombardingpossiblewhenwelike。Thatistheultimatedecision；——arrivedatthroughawelterofdubieties，counterpoisingsandperilousconsiderations，whichwenowtakenoaccountof。Amostbusyweek；Friedrichincessantlyinmotion，nowherenowthere；andagreatdealofheavyworkgotwellandrapidlydone。Thedetailsofwhich，intheseexuberantManuscripts，wouldbutwearythereader。Choosingoftheproperpostsandbattering—places（post"ontheothersideoftheRiver，"
"onthissideofit，""ontheIslandinthemiddleofit"），andobstinateintrenchingandpreparingofthesameinspiteoffrost；
"woodenbridgebuilt"fartherup；with"regulationoftheriver—
boats，thePolishFerry，"andmuchelse:allthisweomit；andwillglanceonlyatonepregnantpoint，bywayofsample:——……"Mostindispensableofall，theKinghastoprovideSubsistences:——andentersnowuponthenewplan，whichwillhavetobefollowedhenceforth。TheProvincialChief—men（LANDES—AELTESTEN，Land’s—ELDESTS，theirtitle）aresummoned，fromnineortenCircleswhicharelikelytobeinterested:theyappearpunctually，andinnumbers，——lestcontumacyworsentheinevitable。Kingdinesthem，tostartwith；asmanyas’ninety—fivecovers，’——daynotgiven，butprobablyoneofthefirstinHerrendorf:notChristmasitself，onehopes！
"Dinnerdone，theninety—fiveLand’s—Eldestareinstructedbyproperparties，WhattheInfantry’srationis，inmeat，inbread，exacttotheounce；whattheCavalry’sis，andthatoftheCavalry’sHorse。Tabularstatement，succinct，correct，cleartothesimplestcapacity，showswhatquotitiesofmenonfoot，andofmenonhorseback，ormenwithdraught—cattle，willmarchthroughtheirrespectiveCircles；Lands—Eldestsconcludewhatamountofmealandbutcher’s—meatitwillbeindispensabletohaveinreadiness；——whatLands—Eldestcandenythefact？ThesePapersstillexist，atleastthelong—windedSummaryofthemdoes:andIownthereadingofitfarlessinsupportablethanthatofthemountainsofProclamatory，ManifestoandDiplomaticmatter。Nayitleavesacertainwholesomeimpressiononthemind，asofbusinessthoroughlywelldone；andamatter，capable，ifleftinthechaoticstate，ofrunningtoallmannerofdepthsandheights，compendiouslyforcedtobecomecosmicinthismanner。