"TheseLands—Eldestundertake，inamildlyresignedorevenhopefulhumor。Theywillmanageasrequired，intheirownCircles；willcommunicatewiththeCirclesfartheron；andeverywherethedueproviants，prestations，furtherances，shallbegottogetherbyfairapportionmentontheSilesianCommunity，andbepunctuallyreadya，stheArmyadvances。Book—keepingthereistobe，legiblerecordofeverything；onallhands’quittance’foreverythingfurnished；
andatimeiscoming，whensuchquittance，presentedbyanySilesianman，willbecountedmoneypaidbyhim，andremittedatthenexttax—day，orotherwisemadegood。Whichpromisealsowasaccuratelykept，thehoped—fortimehavingcome。ItmustbeownedthePrussianArmyunderstandsbusiness；and，withbrevity，reducestoaminimumitsowntrouble，andthatofotherpeople，non—
fighters，whohavetodowithit。Non—fighters，Isay；tofighterswehopeitwillgivearespectablemaximumoftroublewhenappliedto！"[Helden—Geschichte，i。492—499。]
TheGotterNegotiationatVienna，whichwesawbegintherethatwetSunday，isnowfastending，asgoodasended；withoutresultexceptofanegativekind。Gotter’sProposals，——wouldthereaderwishtoheartheseProposals，whichweresointenselyinterestingatonetime？Theyarefivefold；givenwithgreatbrevitybyFriedrich，byuswithstillgreater:——
1。"WillflingmyselfheartilyintotheAustrianscale，andendeavorfortheinterestofAustriainthisPragmaticmatter，withmywholestrengthagainsteverycomer。
2。"WillmaketreatywithVienna，withRussiaandtheSea—Powers，tothateffect。
3。"Willhelpbyvote，andwithwholeamountofinterestwillendeavor，tohaveGrand—DukeFranz，theQueen’sHusband，chosenKaiser；andtomaintainsuchchoiceagainstallandsundry。
Feelmyselfstrongenoughtoaccomplishthisresult；andmay，withoutexaggeration，venturetosayitshallbedone。
4。"TohelptheCourtofViennaingettingitsaffairsintogoodorderandfenciblecondition，——willpresenttoit，ontheshortestnotice，TwoMillionGulden（200，000pounds）readymoney。"——
InfinitelywelcomethisFourthProposition；andindeedalltheotherThreearewelcome:buttheyaresaddledwithafinalcondition，whichpullsdownallagain。This，whichisstudiouslyworded，politelyevasiveinphrase，andwouldfainkeepoldcontroversiesasleep，thoughinsubstanceitissofatallydistinct，——wegiveintheKing’sownwords:
5。"ForsuchessentialservicesasthosetowhichIbindmyselfbytheaboveveryonerousconditions，Inaturallyrequireaproportionaterecompense；somesuitableassurance，asindemnityforallthedangersIrisk，andforthepart（ROLE）Iamreadytoplay:
inshort，IrequireherebytheentireandcompletecessionofallSilesia，asrewardformylaborsanddangerswhichItakeuponmyselfinthiscoursenowtobeentereduponforthepreservationandrenownoftheHouseofAustria；"——Silesiaallandwhole；andwesaynothingofour"rights"toit；politelyevasivetoherHungarianMajesty，thoughinsubstancewearesofatallydistinct。
[Preuss，Thronbesteigung，p。451；
"fromOlenschlager，GeschichtedesInteregni
[Frankfurt，1746]，i。134。"]
ThesewereFriedrich’sProposals；writtendownwithhisownhandatReinsberg，fiveorsixweeksago（November17thisthedateofit）；
inwhatmood，andhowwroughtuponbySchwerinandPodewils，wesawabove。GotterhasfulfilledhisinstructionsinregardtothisimportantlittleDocument；andnowtheeffectofitis——？
Gottercanreportnogoodeffectwhatever。"Becautious，"Friedrichinstructshimfarther；"modifythatFifthProposal；Iwilltakelessthanthewhole，’ifattentionispaidtomyjustclaimsonSchlesien。’"TothateffectwritesFriedrichonceortwice。Butitistonopurpose；norcanGotter，withallhisindustry，reportotherthanworseandworse。Nay，hereportsbeforelong，notrefusalonly，butrefusalwithmockery:"HowstrangethathisPrussianMajesty，whoseofficialpostinGermany，asKur—
BrandenburgandKaiser’sChamberlain，hasbeentopresentewerandtoweltotheHouseofAustria，shouldnowsetupforprescribingrulestoit！"Apieceofwit，whichcouldnotbutprovokeFriedrich；andwarnhimthatnegotiationonthismattermightaswellterminate。Suchhadbeenhisownthought，fromthefirst；butincompliancewithSchwerinandPodewilshewaswillingtotry。
BetterforMariaTheresa，andforalltheworldhowmuchbetter，couldshehaveacceptedthisFifthProposition！Buthowcouldshe，——thehighImperialLady，keystoneofEurope，thoughbyaccidentwithonlyafewpoundsofreadymoneyatpresent？Twentyyearsofbitterfighting，andagonytoherselfandalltheworld，werenecessaryfirst；anewFactofNaturehavingturnedup，anewEuropeanKingdomwithrealKingtoit；NOTrecognizableassuch，bytheyoungQueenofHungaryorbyanyotherperson，tillitdoitsproofs。
WHATBERLINISSAYING；WHATFRIEDRICHISTHINKING。
WhatFriedrich’sownhumoris，whatFriedrich’sowninnermanissayingtohim，whilealltheworldsobabblesabouthisSilesianAdventure？Ofthistoothereare，thoughindilutedstate，someglimmeringstobehad，——chieflyintheCorrespondencewithJordan。
IngeniousJordan，InspectorofthePooratBerlin，——histhousandoldwomenattheirwheelshummingpleasantlyinthebackgroundofourimaginations，thoughhesaysnothingofthat，——writestwiceaweektohisMajesty:pleasantgossipyLetters，withaneasyrespectfulnessnotgoingintosycophancyanywhere；whichkeepthecampaigningKingwellabreastoftheBerlinnewsandrumors:
somethingliketheessenceofanOldNewspaper；notwithoutworthinourpresentEnterprise。Onespecimen，ifwehadroom！
JORDANTOTHEKING（successivelyfromBerlin，——somewhatabridged。）
No。1。"BERLIN，14thDECEMBER，1740[dayafterhisMajestyleft]。
EverybodyhereisontiptoefortheEvent；ofwhichbothoriginandendareariddletothemost。IamcharmedtoseeapartofyourMajesty’sDominionsinastateofPyrrhonism；thediseaseisepidemicalhereatpresent。Thosewho，inthestyleoftheologians，considerthemselvesentitledtobecertain，maintainThatyourMajestyisexpectedwithreligiousimpatiencebytheProtestants，andthattheCatholicshopetoseethemselvesdeliveredfromamultitudeofimpostswhichcruellytearupthebeautifulbosomoftheirChurch。YoucannotbutsucceedinyourvaliantandstoicalEnterprise，sincebothreligionandworldlyinterestrankthemselvesunderyourflag。
"Wallis，"AustrianCommandantinGlogau，"theysay，haspunishedaSilesianHereticofenthusiasticturn，asblasphemer，forannouncingthatanewMessiahisjustcoming。Ihaveatasteforthatkindofmartyrdom。CriticalpersonsconsiderthepresentstepasdirectlyopposedtocertainmaximsintheANTI—MACHIAVEL。
"ThewordMANIFESTO——[yourMajesty’slittlePATENTonenteringSilesia，whichnoreadershallbetroubledwithatpresent]——istheburdenofeveryconversation。thereisashortPieceofthekindtocomeoutto—day，bywayofprefacetoalargecompleteexposition，whichacertainJurisconsultisnowbusywith。PeoplecrowdtotheBookshopsforit，asiflookingoutforacelestialphenomenonthathadbeenpredicted。——ThisisthebeginningofmyGazette；canonlycomeouttwiceaweek，owingtothearrangementofthePosts。
Friday，thedayyourMajestycrossesintoSilesia，Ishallspendinprayeranddevotionalexercises:AstronomerspretendthatMarswillthatdayenter"——nomatterwhat。
NOTE，TheaboveManifestorumoriscorrect；JurisconsultisponderousHerrLudwig，Kanzler（Chancellor）ofHalleUniversity，monsteroflaw—learning，——whohasmoneyalso，andhadtohelponcewithaHouseinBerlinforoneNussler，ason—in—lawofhis，transientlyknowntous；——ponderousLudwig，matchlessordifficulttomatchinlearningofthiskind，willwriteampleenoughDeductions（whichlieinprintstill，totheextentoftons’
weight），andexplaintheERBVERBRUDERUNGandviolencedoneuponit，sothathewhorunsmayread。Postponehimtoacalmertime。
No。2。"BERLIN，SATURDAY，17thDECEMBER。Manifestohasappeared，"
——canbeseen，underthickstrataofcobwebs，inmanyBooks；
[InHelden—Geschichte，i。448，453（whatJordannowalludesto）；IB。559—592（"Deduction"itself，Ludwiginallhisstrength，somethreeweekshence；inOLENSCHLAGER
（doubtless）；in&c。&c。]isnotworthreadingnow:IncontestablerightswhichourHousehasforageshadonSchlesien，andwhichdoubtlesstheHungarianMajestywillrecognize；nottheslightestinjuryintended，farindeedfromthat；andsoon！——"peoplearesurprisedatitsbrevity；and，studyingitastheologiansdoapassageofScripture，canmakealmostnothingofit。Clearascrystal，saysone；dexterouslyobscurebydesign，saysanother。
"RumorthattheGrand—DukeofLorraine，"MariaTheresa’sHusband，"wasatReinsbergincognitolately，"Grand—Dukeaconcertingparty，thinkpeoplelookingintothethingwithstrongspectaclesontheirnose！"M。deBeauvau[FrenchAmbassadorExtraordinary，towhomtheaceswerepromisediftheycame]saidonethingthatsurprisedme:
’WhatputtheKingontakingthisstep，Idonotknow；butperhapsitisnotsuchabadone。’SurprisingnewsthattheElectorofSaxony，KingofPoland，isfallenintoinconsolableremorseforchanginghisreligion[toPapistry，onPapa’shest，manylongyearsago]andthatitisnottothePope，buttotheKingofPrussia，thatheopenshishearttosteadyhisstaggeringorthodoxy。"
VeryastonishingtoJordan。"Onethingiscertain，allParisringswithyourMajesty’schangeofreligion"（overtoCatholicism，saythoseastonishingpeople，firstconjurersoftheuniverse）！
No。3。"BERLIN，20thDECEMBER。M。deBeauvau，"FrenchAmbassador，"isgone。Ended，yesterday，hissurveyoftheCabinetofMedals；
charmedwiththesame:charmedtoo，asthepublicis，withtherichpresenthehasgotfromsaidCabinet[coronationmedalormedalsingold，Icouldguess]:peoplesaytheKingofFrance’sMedalgiventoourM。deCamasisnothingtoit。
"RumorofalliancebetweenyourMajestyandFrancewithSweden，"
——prematurerumor。Item，"QueenofHungarydeadinchild—birth；"
——dittowithstillmoreemphasis！"Thedaybeforeyesterday，inallchurches，wasprayertoHeavenforsuccesstoyourMajesty’sarms；
interestoftheProtestantreligionbeingtheonecauseoftheWar，ortheonlyoneassignedbythereverendgentlemen。Atsoundofthesewords，thezealofthepeoplekindles:’BlessGodforraisingsuchaDefender！WhodaredsuspectourKing’sindifferencetoProtestantism？’"
Arightcleverthingthislast（OLEBEAUCOUPD’ETAT）！exclaimsJordan，——thoughitisnotcleverorthecontrary，notbeingdramaticallyprearranged，asJordanexultstothink。Jordan，thoughtherearedregsofolddevotionlyingasleepinhim，whichwillstartintonewactivitywhenstirredagain，isforthepresentaveryunbelievinglittlegentleman，Icanperceive。——ThisisthesubstanceofpublicrumoratBerlinforoneweek。
Friedrichanswers:——
TOM。JORDAN，ATBERLIN。
"QUARTERATMILKAU，TOWARDSGLOGAU，19thDECEMBER，1740
[comfortableJesuit—EstablishmentatMilkau，Friedrichjustgotin，outoftherain]。——SeigneurJordan，thyLetterhasgivenmeadealofpleasureinregardtoallthesetalkingsthoureportest。
To—morrow[notto—morrow，nornextday；wettroopsneedarest]I
arriveatourlaststationthissideGlogau，whichplaceIhopetogetinafewdays。Allfavorsmydesigns:andIhopetoreturntoBerlin，afterexecutingthemgloriouslyandinawaytobecontentwith。Lettheignorantandtheenvioustalk；itisnottheythatshalleverserveasloadstartomydesigns；notthey，butGlory[LAGLOIRE；Fame，dependingnotonthem]:withtheloveofthatI
ampenetratedmorethanever；mytroopshavetheirheartsbigwithit，andIanswertotheeforsuccess。Adieu，dearJordan。WritemealltheillthatthepublicsaysofthyFriend，andbepersuadedthatIloveandwillesteemtheealways。"——F。
JORDANTOTHEKING。
No。4；"BERLIN，24thDECEMBER。YourMajesty’sLetterfillsmewithjoyandcontentment。TheTowndeclaredyourMajestytobealreadyinBreslau；foundingonsomeLettertoaMerchanthere。EversincetheythinkofyourMajestyactingforProtestantism，theymakeyoustepalongwithstridesofAchillestotheendsofSilesia。——
ForeignCourtsareallratingtheirAmbassadorsherefornotfindingyouout。
"Wolf，"hisnegotiationsconcludedatlast，"hasenteredHallealmostlikethetriumphantEntrytoJerusalem。Aconcourseofpedantsescortedhimtohishouse。Lange[hisoldenemy，whoaccusedhimofAtheismandotherthings]hascalledtoseehim，andloadedhimwithcivilities，totheastonishmentoftheoldOrthodox。"Therelethimrest，wellbuttonedingaiters，andavoidingtomountstairs……"MadamedeRoucoulleshassentmethethreeobjectsadjoined，foryourMajesty’sbehoof，"——woollenachievements，donebytheneedle，goodagainstthewinterweatherforoneshenursed。Thegoodoldsoul。Enoughnow，ofJordan。
[OEuvresdeFrederic，xvii。75—78。]
Voltaire，wholeftBerlin2dor3dDecember，seemstohavebeenstoptbyoverflowofriversaboutCleve，thentohavetakenboat；
andis，aboutthisverytime，writingtoFriedrich"fromavesselontheCoastsofZealand，whereIamdrivenmad。"（Intends，privately，forParisbeforelong，togethisMAHOMETacted，ifpossible。）ToVoltaire，hereisaNotecoming:
KINGTOH。DEVOLTAIRE（atBrussels，ifoncegotthither）。
"QUARTEROFHERRENDORFINSILESIA，23dDecember，1740。
"MYDEARVOLTAIRE，——IhavereceivedtwoofyourLetters；butcouldnotanswersooner；IamlikeCharlesTwelfth’sChess—King，whowasalwayskeptonthemove。Forafortnightpast，wehavebeencontinuallyafootandunderway，insuchweatherasyouneversaw。
"IamtootiredtoreplytoyourcharmingVerses；andshiveringtoomuchwithcoldtotasteallthecharmofthem:butthatwillcomeroundagain。Donotaskpoetryfromamanwhoisactuallydoingtheworkofawagoner，andsometimesevenofawagonerstuckinthemud。Wouldyouliketoknowmywayoflife？Wemarchfromseveninthemorningtillfourintheafternoon。Idinethen；afterwardsI
work，Ireceivetiresomevisits；withthesecomesadetailofinsipidmattersofbusiness。’Tiswrong—headedmen，punctiliouslydifficult，whoaretobesetright；headstoohotwhichmustberestrained，idlefellowsthatmustbeurged，impatientmenthatmustberendereddocile，plundererstorestrainwithintheboundsofequity，babblerstohearbabbling，dumbpeopletokeepintalk:
infine，onehastodrinkwiththosethatlikeit，toeatwiththosethatarehungry；onehastobecomeaJewwithJews，aPaganwithPagans。
"Sucharemyoccupations；——whichIwouldwillinglymakeovertoanother，ifthePhantomtheycallFame（GLOIRE）didnotriseonmetoooften。Intruth，itisagreatfolly，butafollydifficulttocastawaywhenonceyouaresmittenbyit。[PhantomofGLOIRE
somewhatrampantinthosefirstweeks；letusseewhetheritwillnotlayitselfagain，forevermore，beforelong！]
"Adieu，mydearVoltaire；mayHeavenpreservefrommisfortunethemanIshouldsoliketosupwithatnight，afterfightinginthemorning！TheSwanofPadua[Algarotti，withhisbighook—noseandduskysolemnlygreedycountenance]isgoing，Ithink，toParis，toprofitbymyabsence；thePhilosopherGeometer[bigMaupertuis，inredwigandyellowfrizzles，vainestofhumankind]issquaringcurves；poorlittleJordan[withthekindlyhazeleyes，andpenthatpleasantlygossipstous]isdoingnothing，orprobablysomethingnearit。Adieuoncemore，dearVoltaire；donotforgettheabsentwholoveyou。FREDERIC。"
[OEuvresdeFrederic，xxii。57。]
SCHWERINATLIEGNITZ；FRIEDRICHHUSHESUPTHEGLOGAUPROBLEM，ANDSTARTSWITHHISBESTSPEEDFORBRESLAU。
Meanwhile，ontheWesternroad，andalongthefootofthesnowypeaksoveryonder，SchwerinwiththesmallRightcolumnisgoingprosperouslyforwards。Twocolumnsalways，asthereaderrecollects，——twoparallelmilitarycurrents，flowingsteadilyon，shootingoutestafettes，orhorse—parties，ontherightandleft；
steadilysubmergingallSilesiaastheyflowforward。LeftcolumnorcurrentisinslightpauseatGlogauhere；butwilldirectlybeabreastagain。OnTuesday，27th，SchweriniswithinwindofLiegnitz；onWednesdaymorning，whilethefiresarehardlylighted，orthesmokeofLiegnitzrisenamongtheHills，Schwerinhasdonehisfeatwiththeusualdeftness:Prussiangrenadierscamesoftlyonthesentry，softlyasadream；butwithsuddenlevellingofbayonets，suddenbeckoning，"ToyourGuard—house！"——andthere，turnthekeyuponhispoorcompanyandhim。WhereuponthewholePrussiancolumnmarchesin；tramptramp，withoutmusic，throughthestreets:
intheMarket—placetheyfoldthemselvesintoarankedmass，andexplodeintowind—harmonyandrollingofdrums。Liegnitz，mostlyinnightcap，lookscautiouslyoutofwindow:itisadeeddone，IHR
HERREN；Liegnitzours，betterlatethannever；andaftersomanyyears，theKinghashisownagain。SchwerinissumptuouslylodgedintheJesuits，Palace:Liegnitz，essentiallyaProtestantTown，hasmanythoughtsuponthisevent，butasyetwillbestingyofspeakingthem。
ThusisLiegnitzmanaged。ApleasantTown，amidpleasanthillsontherockyKatzbach；ofwhichswiftstream，andothertownsandpassesonit，weshallyethearmore。Population，silentlyindustriousinweavingandotherwise，isnowabove14，000；wasthenperhapsabouthalfthatnumber。Patientlyinarticulate，bynomeansbrightinspeechorsentiment；amuch—enduring，steady—going，frugal，piousandverydesirablepeople。
ThesituationofBreslau，allthiswhile，isverycritical。
Muchbottledemotionintheplace；noAustrianGarrisonadmissible；
Authoritiesdarenotagainproposesuchathing，thoughBrowneisturningeverystoneforit，——lesttheemotionburstbottle，andtakefire。IhavedimaccountthatBrownehasbeenthere，hasgot300AustriandragoonsintotheDomInsel（CATHEDRALISLAND；"NotintheCity，youperceive！"saysGeneralBrowne:"no，separatedbytheOder，onbothsides，fromtherestoftheCity；thatstatelymassofedifices，andgoodmilitarypost"）；——andhadhopedtogetthesuburbsburnt，afterall。Butthebottledemotionwastoodangerous。For，underground，thereareANTI—Brownes:oneespecially；acertainbusyDeblin，Shoemakerbycraft，whomFriedrichspeaksof，butgivesnonameto；thiszealousCordwainer，Deblin，andheisnottheonlyindividualoflikehumor，operatesontheguild—brothersandlowerpopulations:[Preuss，
Thronbesteigung，p。469；OEuvresdeFrederic，ii。61。]thingsseemtobelookingworseandworsefortheAuthorities，inspiteofGeneralBrowneandhisactivitiesanddragoons。
Whattheissuewillbe？JudgeifFriedrichwishedtheYoungDessauercome！Friedrich’sHussarparties（orSchwerin’s，instructedbyFriedrich）gotolookiftheBreslausuburbsareburnt。Farfromit，ifFriedrichknew；——thesuburbsmerelysitquakingatsuchaproposal，andwishthePrussianswerehere。
"Butthereistimeaheadofus，"saideverybodyatBreslau；
"Glogauwilltakesomesieging！"Browne，inthecourseofadayortwo，——guessing，Ialmostthink，thatGlogauwasnottobebesieged，——rankedhis300Austriandragoons，androdeaway；
sendingtheAustrianState—Papers，inhalfascoreofwagons，aheadofhim。"ArchivesofBreslau！"criedthegeneralpopulation，atsightofthesewagons；andlargelyturnedout，withemotionagainliketounbottleitself。"MereTax—Ledgers，andrecordsoftheGovernmentOffices；comeandconvinceyourselves！"answeredtheAuthorities。Andthetenwagonswenton；callingatOhlauandBrieg，forfartherladingofthelikekind。WhichwagonsthePrussianlight—horsechased，butcouldnotcatch。OntoMahrenwenttheseArchive—wagons；toBrunn，farovertheGiantMountains；——didnotcomebackforalongwhile，nortotheirformerProprietoratall。Tuesday，27th，LeopoldtheYoungDessauerdoesfinallyarrive，withhisReserve，atGlogau:nevermanmorewelcome；suchafermentationgoingonatBreslau，——knowntoFriedrich，andwhatitwillissuein，ifhedelay，notknown。Withdespatch，Leopoldisputintohischarge；postsallyieldedtohim；ordersgiven，——
blockadetobestrictnessitself，butnofightingifavoidable；
"starvationwillsoondoit，twomonthsatmost，"hopesFriedrich，toosanguineasitproved:——andwithearliestdaylightonthe28th，Friedrich’sArmy，Friedrichhimselfinthevanasusual，isonmarchagain；atitsbestspeedforBreslau。ReadthisNoteforJordan:——
FRIEDRICHTOM。JORDAN，ATBERLIN。
"HERRENDORF，27thDec。1740。
"SIEURJORDAN，——Imarchto—morrowforBreslau；andshallbethereinfourdays[three，ithappened；thererising，aswouldseem，newreasonforhaste]。YouBerliners[ofthe24thlast]haveaspiritofprophecy，whichgoesbeyondme。Infine，Igomyroad；andthouwiltshortlyseeSilesiarankedinthelistofourProvinces。
Adieu；thisisallIhavetimetotellthee。Religion[SilesianProtestantism，andBreslau’sCordwainer]，religionandourbravesoldierswilldotherest。
"TellMaupertuisIgrantthosePensionsheproposesforhisAcademicians；andthatIhopetofindgoodsubjectsforthatdignityintheCountrywhereIam，withal。Givehimmycompliments。
FREDERIC。"
Themarchwasoftheswiftest，——swiftereventhanhadbeenexpected；——which，asSilesiaisallringingglass，becomesmoreachievablethanlately。Butcertainregimentsoutdidthemselvesinmarching；"inthreemarches，nearuponseventymiles，"——withtheirbaggagejinglingindueproximity。ThroughGlasersdorf，thencethroughParchwitz，Neumarkt，Lissa，placesthatwillbebetterknowntous；——onSaturday，lastnightoftheYear，hisMajestylodgedataSchlosscalledPilsnitz，fivemilestowestofBreslau；
andvan—wardregiments，agoodfew，quarteredintheWesternandSouthernsuburbsofBreslauitself；suburbsdecidedlygladtoseethem，andescapeconflagration。TheTown—gatesarehermeticallyshut；——plentyofemotionbottledinthe100，000heartswithin。
Thesentriesonthewallspresentedarms；nay，itisaffirmed，somecouldnothelpexclaiming，"WILKOMMEN，IHRLIEBENHERREN（Welcome，dearSirs）！"[Helden—Geschichte，i。534。]
ColonelPosadowsky（activeHorseColonelwhomwehaveseenbefore，whoperhapshasbeeninBreslaubefore）leftorders"attheScultetGarden—House，"thatallmustbereadyandtheroomswarmed，hisMajestyintendingtoarrivehereearlyonthemorrow。Whichhappenedaccordingly；MajestyalightingdulyatsaidGarden—House，nearbytheSchweidnitzGate，——Ifancyalmostbeforebreakofday。
ChapterIV。
BRESLAUUNDERSOFTPRESSURE。
TheissueofthisBreslautransactionisknown，orcouldbestatedinfewwords；noristhemannerofitsuchaswould，forBreslau’ssake，deservemany。ButwearelookingintoFriedrich，wishtoknowhismannersandaspects:andhere，readytoourhand，aPaperturnsup，compiledbyanexactpersonwithbetterleisurethanours，minutelydetailingeverypartoftheaffair。ThisPaper，afterthequestion，Burnorinsert？istohavethelotofappearinghere，withwhatabridgmentsarepossible:——
"SUNDAY，1stJANUARY，1741。TheKinghavingestablishedhimselfinHerrnScultet’sGarden—House，notfarfromtheSchweidnitzGate，therebeganadelicateandgreatoperation。ThePrussians，inasoftcautiousmanner，inthegrayofthemorning，pushouttheirsentriestowardsthethreeGatesonthissideoftheOder；seizeany’ExciseHouse，’orthelike，thatmaybefitforapost；andsoftlyput’twentygrenadiers’init。Allthisbeforesunrise。
Breslauisrigidlyshut；Breslauthoughtalwaysitcouldstanduponitsguard，ifattacked；——isnow，inOfficialquarters，dismallyuncertainifitcan；generalpopulationbecomingcertainthatitcannot，andwaitinganxiousonthedevelopmentofthisgranddrama。
"About7A。M。aPrussiansubalternadvancingwithincryoftheSchweidnitzGate，requestsoftheTown—guardthere，TosendhimoutaTown—Officer。Town—Officerappears；isinformed，’ThatColonelsPosadowskyandBorck，CommissionersorplenipotentiaryMessengersfromhisPrussianMajesty，desireadmittancetotheChiefMagistrateofBreslau，forthepurposeofsignifyingwhathisPrussianMajesty’sinstructionsare。’Town—Officerbows，andgoesuponhiserrand。Town—Officerissomeconsiderabletimebeforehecanreturn；CityAuthoritiesbeing，asweknow，various，partlyImperial，partlyCivic；elderly；andsomeofthemgonetochurch，——
formatins，ortobeoutoftheway。However，hedoesatlastreturn；admitsthetwoColonels，andescortsthemhonorably，totheChiefRATHS—SYNDIC（Lord—Mayor）oldHerrvonGutzmar’s；wherethepoorold"PresidentoftheOBERAMT"（VonSchaffgotschthenameofthislatter）islikewiseinattendance。
"PrussianMajesty’sproposalsareofthemildestsort:’NothingdemandedofBreslaubuttheplainlyindispensableandindisputable，ThatPrussiabeinitwhatAustriahasbeen。Inallelse，STATUS
QUO。StrictneutralitytoBreslau，respectforitsprivilegesasaFreeCityoftheReich；protectiontoallitsrightsandprivilegeswhatsoever。ShallbeguardedbyitsownGarrison；noPrussiansoldiertoenterexceptwithsidearms；only30guardsfortheKing’sperson，whowillvisittheCityforafewdays；——intendstoformaMagazine，withguardof1，000men，butonlyoutsidetheCity:norequisitions；readymoneyforeverything。ChiefSyndicGutzmarandPresidentSchaffgotschshallconsiderthesepoints。’
[Helden—Geschichte，i。537。]SyndicandPresidentanswer，Surely！Cannot，however，decidetilltheyhaveassembledtheTown—Rath；thetwoHerrenColonelswillpleasetobeguestsofBreslau，andlodgeintheCitytillthen。
"Andtheylodged，accordingly，inthe’GROSSERING’（calledalsoSALZ—RING，bigCentralSquare，wheretheRathhausis）；andtheymadeandreceivedvisits，——visitedespeciallytheChiefPresident’sOffice，theOber—Amt，andsignifiedthere，thathisPrussianMajesty’sexpectationwas，TheywouldgivesomeaccountofthatratherhighProclamationor’Patent’theyhadpublishedagainsthimtheotherday，amidthunderandlightninghere，andwhattheynowthoughtwouldbeexpedientuponit？Allingraveofficialterms，butofsuchapurportaswasnotexhilaratingtoeverybodyinthoseOber—Amtlocalities。
"MONDAYMORNING，2dJANUARY。TheRathisassembled；andconsults，——
consultsatgreatlength。RATH—HouseandSyndicGutzmar，insuchcrisis，wouldfainhaveadvicefromAMT—HouseorPresidentSchaffgotsch；butcangetnone:considerablecomingandgoingbetweenthem:atlength，about3intheafternoon，theTreatyisgotdrawnup；issignedbythedueBreslauhands，andbythetwoPrussianColonels，——whichlatterrideoutwithit，about4oftheclock；victoriousafterthirtyhours。StraighttowardstheScultetGardenridethey；Town—guardpresentingArms，attheSchweidnitzGate；nayTown—bandbreakingoutintomusic，whichisneverdonebuttoAmbassadorsandhighpeople。Bythirtyhoursofsteadysoftpressure，theyhavebroughtitthusfar。
"FriedrichhadwaitedpatientlyallSunday，keepingsteadyguardattheGates；butonMonday，naturally，thethirtyhoursbegantohangheavy:atallevents，heperceivedthatitwouldbewelltofacilitateconclusionsalittlefromwithout。BreslaustandsontheWest，morestrictlyspeaking，ontheSouthsideoftheOder，whichmakesanelbowhere，andthusboundsit，ormostlyboundsit，ontwosides。Thebigdrab—coloredRiverspreadsoutintoIslands，ofaconfusedsort，asitpasses；whicharepartlybuiltupon，andconstitutesuburbsoftheTown，——stretchingover，hereandthere，intostragglesoffarthersuburbbeyondtheRiver，wherearoadwithitsbridgehappenstocrossfortheEasternparts。
TheprincipaloftheseIslandsistheDOMINSEL，"——knowntoGeneralBrowneandus，——"onwhichistheCathedral，andtheCLOSEwithrichCanonsandtheiredifices；Islandfilledwithstronghigharchitecture；andasuperiormilitarypost。
"FriedrichhasalreadyasgoodaspossessedhimselfofthethreelandwardGates，whichlooktothesouthandtothewest；theriverwardgates，orthoseonthenorthandtheeast，heperceivesthatitweregoodnowalsotohave；these，andevenperhapssomethingmore？’Gatheralltheriver—boats，makeabridgeofthemacrosstheOder；pushacross400men:’thisisdoneonMondaymorning，undertheKing’sowneye。Thisdone，’MarchuptothatriverwardGate，andalsotothatother，inamildbutdangerous—
lookingmanner；hewthebeamsofsaidGateintwo；startthebiglocks；flingwideopensaidGateandGates:’thistooisdone；
Town—guardlookingmournfullyon。Thisdone，’Marchforwardswiftly，intwohalves，withoutbeatofdrum，——whitherwardyouknow！’
"ThosethreehundredAustrianDragoons，wesawthemleavetheDomIsland，threedaysago；thereareatpresentonlySixMen，oftheBISHOP’SGuard，walkingunderarmsthere，——attheendofthechiefbridge，ontheTownwardsideoftheirDomIsland。See，Prussiancapsandmuskets，yesixmenunderarms！Thesixmenclutchattheirdrawbridge，andhastilysetabouthoisting:——alas，anotherPrussiancorps，whichhascomeprivatelybytheeastern（orCountry—ward）Bridge，Kinghimselfwithit，tapsthemontheshoulderatthisinstant；mildlyconstrainsthesixintotheirguard—house:thedrawbridgefalls；400PrussiangrenadierstakequietpossessionoftheDomIsland:KingmayreturntotheScultetGarden，havingquickenedthelazyhoursinthismanner。TosuchoftheCanonsashecameupon，hisMajestywasmostpolite；theymostsubmiss。Thesixsoldiersofthedrawbridge，havingspokenalittleloud，——stillmoreatoozealousbeef—eaterofoldSchaffgotsch’sfoundhere，whohadbeenveryloud，——wereputunderarrest；butmoreforform’ssake；andwereletgo，inadayortwo。"
NothingcouldbegentleronFriedrich’spart，andonthatofhistwoColonels，thanthisdelicateoperationthroughout:——andat4P。M。，afterthirtyhoursofwaiting，itisdone，andnobody’sskinscratched。OldSyndicGutzmar，andtheTown—Rath，urgedbyperilsandaTownPopulationwhoareProtestant，havesignedtheSurrenderwithgood—will，atleastwithresignation，andafeelingofrelief。TheOber—AmtOfficialshavelikewisehadtosign；
fullofallthesilentspleenanddespondencywhichisnaturaltothesituation:spleenwhich，inthecaseofoldSchaffgotsch，weakwithage，becomespassionatelyaudiblehereandthere。HewillhavetogiveaccountofthatinjuriousProclamation，orQueen’s"Patent，"tothisKingthathasnowcome。
KINGENTERSBRESLAW；STAYSTHERE，GRACIOUSANDVIGILANT，FOURDAYS（Jan。2d—6th，1741）。
IntheRoyalEntrancewhichtookplacenextday，notethesepoints。
SyndicGutzmarandtheAuthoritiescameout，ingrandcoaches，at8
inthemorning；hadtowaitawhile；theKing，havingriddenawaytolookafterhismanifoldaffairs，didnotgetbacktill10。TownGuardandGarrisonarealldrawnout；Gatesallflungopen，Prussiansentrieswithdrawnfromthem，andfromtheExcise—housestheyhadseized:King’sKitchen—and—ProviantCarriages（fourmulestoeach，withbells，withuncommonlyrichhousings）:King’sBody—
Coachverygrandindeed，andgrandlyescorted，theThirtyBody—
guardsridingahead；butnothinginit，onlyamostsuperfinecloak"linedwhollywithermine"flungupontheseat。OtherCoaches，moreorlessgrandlyescorted；HeadCup—bearers，Seneschals，Princes，Margraves:——butwhereistheKing？Kinghadriddenaway，asecondtime，withchiefGenerals，takingsurveyoftheTownWalls，roundasfarastheZIEGEL—THOR（Tile—Gate，extremesoutheast，bytheriver—edge）:hehasthusmadethewholecircuitofBreslau；——
unweariedinpickingupusefulknowledge，"thoughitwasverycold，"whilethatProcessionofCoacheswenton。
Atnoon，hisMajesty，thriftyoftime，didenter:onhorseback，Schwerinridingwithhim；behindhimmiscellaneouschiefOfficers；
BorckandPosadowskyamongothers；somemiscellanyofPage—peoplefollowing。Withthisnaturalescort，herodein；Town—Major（CommandantofTown—guard），withdrawnswordgoingahead；——KingworehisusualCockedHat，andpracticalBlueCloak，bothalittledimmedbyservice:buthisgrayhorsewasadmirable；andfourscarletFootmen，grandasgalloonandsilverfringecouldmakethem，didtheduemagnificenceindress。Hewasverygracious；
salutingtothissideandtothat，wherehenoticedpeopleofconditioninthewindows。"AlongSchweidnitzStreet，acrosstheGreatRing，downAlbrechtStreet。"Healighted，tolodge，attheCount—SchlegenbergHouse；whichusedtobetheAustrianCardinalvonSinzendorfPrimateofSilesia’shiredlodging，——Sinzendorf’sfurnitureisputgentlyaside，onthisnewoccasion。Kingcameonthebalcony；andstoodthereforsomeminutes，thateverybodymightseehim。The"immenseshoutings，"Dryasdustassuresme，havebeenexaggerated；andIamwarnednottobelievetheKRIEGS—FAMAsuchandsuchaNumber，exceptaftercomparingitwithhim。——Thatdaytherewasdinnerofmorethanthirtycovers，ChiefSyndicGutzmarandothersuchguests；butastotheviands，saysmyfriend，these，owingtothehaste，werenothingtospeakof。[Helden—
Geschichte，i。545—548。]
Dinner，betterandbetterordered，Kingmoreandmoregracious，soitcontinuedallthefourdaysofhisMajesty’sstay:——ontheseconddaybehadtorisesuddenlyfromtable，andleavehisguestswithanapology；somethinghavinggoneawry，atoneoftheGates。
Awrythere，betweentheTownAuthoritiesandaGeneralJeetzofhis，——whoisonmarchacrosstheRiveratthismoment（onwhaterrandweshallhear），andalittlemistakestheterms。HisMajestyputsJeetzright；andevenwaits，tillheseeshisBrigadeandhimclearacross。AjuniorSchaffgotsch，[Helden—Geschichte，ii。159。]nottheinconsolableSchaffgotschsenior，buthisNephew，wasoneofthegueststhissecondday；anecclesiastic，butofwittyfashionabletype，andIthinkaveryworthlessfellow，thoughofafamilyimportantintheProvince。
Dinnerfallsaboutnoon；doesnotlastabovetwohoursorthree，sothatthereisspaceforaride（"totheDom，"thefirstafternoon，"fourrunners"always），andformuchindoorwork，beforethesupper—hour。
AstheAustrianAuthoritiessatsilentintheirplace，andgavenoexplanationofthat"Patent，"affixedamidthunderandlightning，——theygotordersfromhisMajestytogotheirwaysnextday；
andwent。InbehalfofoldPresidentvonSchaffgotsch，achiefoftheSilesianNobility，andmanmuchloved，theBreslaupeople，andmenfromeveryguildandrankofsociety，madepetitionThat，heshouldbeallowedtocontinueinhisTownHousehere。Which"firstrequestofyours"hisMajesty，withmuchgrace，issorrytobeobligedtorefuse。Thesuppressed，andinsuppressible，weakindignationofoldSchaffgotschisvisibleontheoccasion；nor，I
think，doesFriedrichtakeitill；onlysendshimoutofthewaywithit，forthetime。TheAustrianOber—AmtvanishedbodilyfromBreslauinthismanner；andneverreturned。Proper"War—Commission（FELD—KRIEGS—COMMISSARIAT），"withMunchow，oneofthoseskilfulCustrinMunchows，atthetopofit，organizeditselfinstead；
which，almostofnecessity，becameSupremeGovernmentinaCityungovernedotherwise:——andtrulytherewaslittleregretoftheOber—Amt，inBreslau；andeverless，toamarkedextent，astheyearswenton。
Onthe5thofJanuary（fourthandlastnighthere），hisMajestygaveagrandBall。Hadhired，orColonelPosadowskyinsteadofhimhadhired，theAssemblyRooms（REDOUTEN—SAAL），forthepurpose:
"InvitealltheNobilityhighandlow；"——expensebyestimateisaducat（half—guinea）each；doitwell，andhisMajestywillpay。
About6intheevening，hisMajestyinpersondidusthehonortodriveover；openedtheBallwithMadamtheCountessvonSchlegenberg（Ishouldguess，aDowagerLady），inwhosehousehelodges。IamnotawarethathisMajestydancedmuchfarther；buthewasverycondescending，andspokeandsmiledupanddown；——till，aboutl0P。M。，anOfficercameinwithaLetter。WhichLetterhisMajestyhavingread，andseeminglyaskedaquestionortwoinregardto，putsilentlyinhispocket，asifitwereafinishedthing。Nevertheless，afterafewminutes，hisMajestywasfoundtohavesilentlywithdrawn；anddidnotreturn，noteventosupper。
Perceivingwhich，allthePrussianofficialpeoplegraduallywithdrew；thoughthedancingandsuppingcontinuednottheless，toalatehour。[Helden—Geschichte，i。557。]
"OpentheAustrianMail—bag（FELLEISEN）；seealittlewhattheyaresayingoverthere！"Suchorderhadevidentlybeengiven，thisnight。Inconsequenceofwhich，peoplewrotebyDresden，andnotthedirectway，infuture；wishingtoavoidthatopenableFELLEISEN。Nextmorning，January6th，hisMajestyhadleftforOhlau，——early，Isuppose；thoughthereprovedtobenothingdangerousaheadthere，afterall。
ChapterV。
FRIEDRICHPUSHESFORWARDTOWARDSBRIEGANDNEISSE。
OhlauisapleasantlittleTown，twomarchessoutheastofBreslau；
withtheOhlauRiverononeside，andtheOderontheother；
capableofsomedefence，werethereagarrison。BriegtheimportantFortress，stillontheOder，issomefifteenmilesbeyondOhlau；
afterwhich，bendingstraightsouthandquittingOder，Neissethestillmoreimportantmaybethirtymiles:——fromBreslautoNeisse，bythisroute（whichisBOW，notSTRING），sixty—fiveorseventymiles。OneofmyTopographersyieldsthisNote，ifreaderscareforit:——
"OhlauRiver，aninsignificantdrab—coloredstream，riseswellsouthofBreslau，aboutStrehlen；makes，atfirst，directeastwardtowardstheOder；andthen，whenalmostcloseuponit，breaksofftonorth，andsauntersalong，irregularlyparalleltoOder，fortwentymilesfarther，beforeitcanfallfairlyin。TothiscircumstancebothBreslauandaTownofOhlauowetheirexistence；
Towns，bothofthem，’betweenthewaters，’andotherwisewellseated；Ohlaushelteringitselfintheattemptedoutfallofitslittleriver；Breslauclusteringitselfabouttheactualoutfall:
bothverydefensibleplacesintheoldrudetime，andgoodfortradeinalltimes。BothOderandOhlauRivershavesplitandspreadthemselvesintoislandsanddeltasagooddeal，attheirplaceofmeeting；andevenhavechangedtheircourses，andcutoutnewchannelsforthemselves，inthesandycountry；makingaveryintricatewaterynetworkofasiteforBreslau:andindeedtheOhlauRiverhere，forcenturiesback，hasbeencompelledintowidemeanderings，merefillingoframpart—ditches，sothatitissuesquiteobscurely，andinanartificialengineeredcondition，atBreslau。"
Ohlauhadbeenexpectedtomakesomedefence；GeneralBrownehavingthrown300menintoit，anddonewhathecouldfortheworks。
AndOhlaudidatfirstthreatentomakesome；butthoughtbetterofitovernight，andineffectmadenone；butwasgot（morningofJanuary9th）onthecommonterms，bymerelymarchinguptoitinminatoryposture。"PrisonersofWar，ifyoumakeresistance；
FreeWithdrawal[Libertytomarchaway，armsshouldered，andnotserveagainstusforayear]，ifyouhavemadenone:"thisisthecommoncourse，wherethereareAustrianSoldiersatall；thecoursewherenoneare，andonlyafewSyndicssit，withtheirTown—Keylaidonthetable，apreytothestrongerhand，wehavealreadyseen。
FromOhlau，properDetachment，underGeneralKleist，ispushedforwardtosummonBrieg；Jeetzfromtheothersideoftheriver（whomwesawcrossingatBreslautheotherday，interruptinghisMajesty’sdinner）istoco—operatewithKleistinthatenterprise，——weretheCountryonceclearedonhis，Jeetz’s，eastsideofOder；
especiallywereNamslauoncehad，asmallTownandCastleoverthere，whichcommandsthePolishandHungarianroad。Friedrich’shopesarebuoyant；Schwerinisswiftlyrollingforwardtorightward，nothingresistinghim；DetachmentisgonefromSchwerin，overtheHills，toGlatz（theGRAFSCHAFT，orCountyGlatz，anAppendagetoSchlesien），underexcellentguidance；underguidance，namely，ofColonelCamas，whohasjustcomehomefromhisParisianEmbassy，andgotlaunchedamongthewintrymountains，onanewoperation，——which，however，provesofnon—effectforthepresent。
[Helden—Geschichte，i。678；Orlich，
GeschichtederbeidenSchlesischenKriege，i。49。]
Indeed，itisobservablethatsouthwardofBreslau，thedispute，whatdisputetherecanbe，properlybegins；andthatGeneralBrowneisthere，andshowshimselfashiningmaninthisdifficultposition。Itmustbeowned，noGeneralcouldhavemadehissmallmeansgofarther。Effectivegarrisons，1，600each，putintoBriegandNeisse；worksrepaired，magazinescollected，thereandelsewhere；therestofhispoor7，000thriftilysprinkledabout，inwhatgoodpoststhereare，and"capableofbeinggottogetherinsixhours:"asuperiorsoldier，thisBrowne，thoughwithaverybadtask；andseemstohaveinspiredeverybodywithsomethingofhisowntemper。Sothatthereismarching，detaching，miscellaneousdifficultyforFriedrichinthisquarter，morethanhadbeenexpected。IfthefateofBriegandNeissebeinevitable，Brownedoeswonderstodelayit。
OfthePrussianmarchesintheseparts，recordedbyintricateDryasdust，therewasnopointsonotabletomeasthisunrecordedone:theStonePillarwhich，Isee，theKleistDetachmentwassuretofind，justnow，onthemarchfromOhlautoBrieg；lastportionofthatmarch，betweenthevillageofBriesenandBrieg。TheOder，flowingonyourlefthand，ishereaboutsagreeablyclothedwithwoods:thecountry，originallyaswamp，hasbeendrained，andgiventotheplough，inanagreeablemanner；andthereisanexcellentroadpavedwithsolidwhinstone，——quarriedinStrehlen，twentymilesaway，amongtheHillstotherightyonder，asyoumayguess；
——roadveryvisibletothePrussiansoldier，thoughhedoesnotaskwherequarried。Thesebeautifulimprovements，beautifulhumanities，——weredonebywhom？"Donein1584，"saytherecords，by"GeorgethePious；"DukeofLiegnitz，BriegandWohlau；156yearsago。
"Pious"hiscontemporariescalledthisGeorge；——hewassonoftheERBVERBRUDERUNGDuke，whoissoimportanttous；hewasgrandfather’sgrandfatherofthelastDukeofall；afterwhomitwaswethatshouldhavegotthesefineTerritories；theyshouldallhavefallentotheGreatElector，hadnottheAustrianstronghandprovidedotherwise。Georgedidtheseplantations，recoveriestotheplough；madethisperennialwhinstoneroadacrosstheswamps；uponwhich，notabletotheroughestPrussian（being"twelvefeethighbyeightfeetsquare"），risesaHewnMasswiththisInscriptiononit，——notofthenameordateofGeorge；butofathoughtofhis，whichisnotwithoutapiousbeautytome:——
Straveruntaliinobis，nosPosteritati；
OmnibusatChristusstravitadasraviam。
Othershavemaderoadsforus；wemakethemforstillothers:
Christmadearoadtothestarsforusall。
[Zollner，BriefeuberSchlesien，i。175；
Hubner，i。t。101。]
IknownothowmanyBrandenburgersofGeneralKleist’sDetachment，orwhetherany，readthisStone；buttheydoallrustlepastitthere，claimingtheHeritageofthisPiousGeorge；andtheirmutediminterviewwithhim，inthismanner，isathingslightlymorememorablethanordersoftheday，atthisdate。
Itwasonthe11th，twodaysafterOhlau，thatGeneralKleistsummonedBrieg；andBriegansweredresolutely，No。Thereisagarrisonof1，600here，andapropermagazine:nothingforitbutto"mask"Briegtoo；KleistonthissidetheRiver，Jeetzonthat，——hadJeetzoncedonewithNamslau，whichhehasnotbyanymeans。
Namslau’sanswerwaslikewisestifflyinthenegative；andJeetzcannotdoNamslau，atleastnottheCastle，allatonce；havingnosiege—cannon。Seeingsuchstiffnesseverywhere，FriedrichwritestoGlogau，totheYoungDessauer，"Siege—artilleryhither！Swift，bytheOder；youdon’tneeditwhereyouare！"andwishesitwerearrived，forbehoofofNeisseandthesestiffhumors。
FRIEDRICHCOMESACROSSTOOTTMACHAU；SITSTHERE，INSURVEYOF
NEISSE，TILLHISCANNONCOME。
ThePrussiansmetwithseriousresistance，forthefirsttime（9thJanuary，samedaywhenOhlauyielded），ataplacecalledOttmachau；
aconsiderablelittleTownandCastleontheNeisseRiver，notfarwestofNeisseTown，almostattheverysouthofSilesia。ItlayontherouteofSchwerin’sColumn；longdistancesaheadofLiegnitz，——say，bystraighthighwayahundredmiles；——duringwhich，torightandtoleft，therehadbeennothingbutsubmissionhitherto。
Noresistancewasexpectedhereeither，fortherewasnothopeinany；onlythatBrownehadbeenhere；industrioustocreatedelaytillNeisseweregotfullyready。Heis，byeverymeans，girdinguptheloinsofNeisseforatightdefence；hasput1，600menintoit，withproperstoresforthem，witharesoluteskilfulCaptainatthetopofthem:assiduousBrownehadbeenatOttmachau，astheoutpostofNeisse，adayortwobefore；and，theysay，hadadmonishedthem"Nottoyieldonanyterms，forhewouldcertainlycometotheirrelief。"Whichdoubtlesshewouldhavedone，haditbeeninhispower；buthow，exceptbymiracle，coulditbe？Onthe9thofJanuary，whenSchwerincomesup，Browneisagainwaitinghereabouts。Againindefensiveposture，butwithoutforcetoundertakeanything；standsontheSouthernUplands，withBohmenandMahrenandtheGiantMountainsathisback；——stands，sotospeak，defensiveathisownHouse—door，inthismanner；andwillhave，afterSEEINGOttmachau’sfateandNeisse’s，toduckinwithaslam！
Atanyrate，hehadlefttheseTownsintheabovefirmhumor，screwedtothesticking—place；andhadthengallopedelse—whithertoscrewandprepare。
AndsotheOttmachauAustrians，"260pickedgrenadiers"（400
dragoonstherealsoatfirstwere，who，afterflourishingaboutontheoutskirtsasifforfighting，rodeaway），fire"DESPERAT，"saysmyintricatefriend；[Helden—Geschichte，i。672—677；
Orlich，i。50。]entirelyrefusingtermsfromSchwerin；killtwelveofhispeople（MajordeRege，distinguishedEngineerMajor，oneofthem）:sothatSchwerinhastobringpetardsuponthem，fourcannonuponthem；andburstintheirTownGate，almosttheirCastleGate，andprettymuchtheirCastleitself；——wastingthreedaysofhistimeuponthispaltrymatter。Uponwhichtheydosignifyawillingnessfor"FreeWithdrawal。""No，IHRHERREN"answers，Schwerin；"notnow；aftersuchmadexplosion。HisMajestywillhavetosettleit。"Majesty，whoisbythistimenotfaroff，comesovertoOttmachau（January12th）；giveswordsofrebuke，rebukenotveryinexorable；andadmitsthemPrisonersofWar。"TheofficersweresenttoCustrin，commonmentoBerlin；"theusualarrangementinsuchcase。OttmachauTownbelongstotheRightReverendvonSinzendorf，BishopofBreslau，andPrimate；whoseespecialPalaceisinNeisse；thoughhe"commonlysendshisrefractoryPrieststodotheirpenanceintheSchlossatOttmachauhere，"——and，Ishouldsay，hadbetterhimselfmaketerms，andcomeouthitherward，underpresentaspects。
FriedrichcontinuesatOttmachau；head—quarterstherethenceforth，tillheseeNeissesettled。Onthemorrow，13th）helearnsthattheSiegeArtilleryisatGrotkau；wellforwardtowardsNeisse；
halfwaybetweenBriegandit。Sameday，ColonelCamasreturnstohimoutofGlatz；fiveofhismenlost；andreportsThatBrownehashadtheroadstornup，thatGlatzismereiceandobstruction，andthatnothingcanbemadeofitatthisseason。Goodnewsalternatingwithnotsogood。
Thetruthis，FriedrichhasgotnoStrongPlaceinSchlesien；
allstrengthsmakeunexpecteddefence；paltrylittleNamslanitselfcannotbequitetaken，Castlecannot，tillJeetzgetshissiege—
artillery，——whichdoesnotcomealongsofastasthattoNeissedoes。HereisanExcerptfrommyDryasdust，exactthoughabridged，concerningJeetz:——
"JANUARY24th，1741。Prussians，mastersoftheTownforacoupleofweeksback，havegotintotheChurchatNamslau，intotheCloister；
arepreparingplankfloorsforbatteries，cuttingloop—holes；
diligentaspossible，——siege—gunsnowatlastjustcoming。
TheCastlefiresfiercelyonthem，makesfurioussallies，stealssixofouroxen，——makesinsolentgesturesfromthewalls；atleastonesoldierdoes，thisday。’Sir，mayIgivethatfellowashot？’
asksthePrussiansentry。’Do，then，’answershisMajor:’tooinsolentthatone！’Andthesentryexplodesonhim；bringshimplungingdown，headforemost（HERUNTERPURZELTE）；thetooinsolentmortal，silentenoughthenceforth。"[Helden—Geschichte，i。703。]——Jeetzdidgethiscannon，thoughnottillnow，thisverydayIthink；andthen，inacoupleofdaysmore，JeetzfinishedoffNamslau（"officerstoCustrin，CommonmentoBerlin"）；andthereuponblockadestheEasternsideofBrieg，joininghandswithKleistontheWestern:wherebyBrieg，likeGlogau，iscompletelymasked，——tilltheseasonmend。
Friedrich，nowthathisartilleryiscome，expectsnodifficultywithNeisse。A"paltryhamlet（BICOQUE）"heplayfullycallsit；
and，exceptthis，Silesiaisnowhis。Neissegot（whichwouldbethedesirablething），orputunder"mask"asGlogauis，andasBriegisbeing，Austriapossessesnotaninchoflandwithintheseborders。HerearesomeEpistolarysnatches；stillinthelightstyle，nottosaytheflimsyanduplifted；butworthgiving，sotransparentarethey；offhand，likewordswehadheardhisMajestySPEAK，inhishighmood:——
KINGTOM。JORDAN，ATBERLIN（twosuccessiveLetters）。
1。"OTTMACHAU，14thJANUARY，1741[seconddayafterourarrivalthere]。MydearMonsieurJordan，mysweetMonsieurJordan，myquietMonsieurJordan，mygood，mybenign，mypacific，myhumanestMonsieurJordan，——IannouncetoThySerenitytheconquestofSilesia；IwarntheeofthebombardmentofNeisse[justgettingready]，andIpreparetheeforstillmoreimportantprojects；
andinstructtheeofthehappiestsuccessesthatthewombofFortuneeverbore。
"Thisoughttosufficethee。BemyCiceroastothejusticeofmycause，andIwillbethyCaesarastotheexecution。Adieu:thouknowestwhetherIamnot，withthemostcordialregard，thyfaithfulfriend。——F。"
2。"OTTMACHAU，17thJANUARY，1741。IhavethehonortoinformyourHumanitythatwearechristianlypreparingtobombardNeisse；
andthatiftheplacewillnotsurrenderofgood—will，needsmustthatitbebeatentopowder（NECESSITESERADEL’ABIMER）。Fortherest，ouraffairsgothebestintheworld；andsoonthouwilthearnothingmoreofus。Forintendaysitwillallbeover；andI
shallhavethepleasureofseeingyouandhearingyou，inaboutafortnight。
"IhaveseenneithermyBrother[AugustWilhelm，notlongagoatStrasburgwithus，andbetrothedsincethen]norKeyserling:
IleftthematBreslau，nottoexposethemtothedangersofwar。
Theyperhapswillbealittleangry；butwhatcanIdo？——Theratheras，onthisoccasion，onecannotshareintheglory，unlessoneisamortar！
"Adieu，M。leConseiller[Poor’s—RATH，sostyled]。GoandamuseyourselfwithHorace，studyPausanias，andbegayoverAnacreon。
Astome，whoforamusementhavenothingbutmerlons，fascinesandgabions，[Merlonsaremoundsofearthplacedbehindthesolidorblindpartsoftheparapet（thatis，betweentheembrasures）ofaFortification；fascinesarebundlesofbrushwoodforfillingupaditch；gabions，basketsfilledwithearthtoberangedindefencetillyougettrenchesdug。]IprayGodtograntmesoonapleasanterandpeacefuleroccupation，andyouhealth，satisfactionandwhateveryourheartdesires。——F。"[OEuvresdeFrederic，xvii。84。]
KINGFRIEDRICHTOM。LECOMTEALGAROTTI（goneonajourney）。
"OTTMACHAU，17thJANUARY，1741[samedayastheabovetoJordan]。
IhavebeguntosettletheFigureofPrussia:theoutlinewillnotbealtogetherregular；forthewholeofSilesiaistaken，exceptonemiserablehamlet（BICOQUE），whichperhapsIshallhavetokeepblockadedtillnextspring。
"Uptothistime，thewholeconquesthascostonlyTwentyMen，andTwoOfficers，oneofwhomisthepoorDeRege，whomyouhaveseenatBerlin，"——DeRege，EngineerMajor，killedhereatOttmachau，inSchwerin’slatetussle。
"Youaregreatlywantingtomehere。Sosoonasyouhavetalkedthatbusinessover，writetomeaboutit。[Whatisthebusiness？
WhitheristheduskySwanofPaduagone？]InallthesethreehundredmilesIhavefoundnohumancreaturecomparabletotheSwanofPadua。Iwouldwillinglygivetencubicleaguesofgroundforageniussimilartoyours。ButIperceiveIwasaboutentreatingyoutoreturnfast，andjoinmeagain，——whileyouarenotyetarrivedwhereyourerrandwas。Makehastetoarrive，then；toexecuteyourcommission，andflybacktome。IwishyouhadaFortunatusHat；
itistheonlythingdefectiveinyouroutfit。
"Adieu，dearSwanofPadua:think，Iprayyou，sometimesofthosewhoaregettingthemselvescutinslices[ECHINER，chined]forthesakeofgloryhere，andabovealldonotforgetyourfriendswhothinkathousandtimesofyou。"FREDERIC。"
[OEuvresdeFrederic，xviii。28。]
TheobjectofthedearSwan’sjourney，oreventhewhereaboutsofit，cannotbediscoveredwithoutdifficulty；andisnotmuchworthdiscovering。"GonetoTurin，"weatlastmakeout，"withsecretcommissions:"[Denina，LaPrusseLitteraire
（Berlin，1790），i。198。ApoorvagueBook；onlyworthconsultingincaseofextremity。]desirabletosoundtheSardinianMajestyalittle，whoisDoorkeeperoftheAlps，betweenFranceandAustria，andopenstothebestbidder？Nogreatthingsofameaninginthismission，wecanguess，orAlgarottihadnotgoneuponit，——thoughheishandy，atleast，forkeepingitunnoticedbytheGazetteerspecies。NorwastheSwansuccessful，itwouldseem；themorethepityforourSwan！However，hecomesbacksafe；attendsFriedrichinSilesia；andinthecourseofnextmonthreaderswillseehim，ifanyreaderwishedit。
ChapterVI。
NEISSEISBOMBARDED。
Neisse，whichFriedrichcallsapaltryhamlet（BICOQUE）isapleasantstronglyfortifiedTown，thenofperhaps6or8，000
inhabitants，nowofdoublethatnumber；standsontherightorsouthbankoftheNeisse，——atthisday，onbothbanks。Pleasantbroadstreets，highstronghouses，mostlyofstone。PleasantlyencircledbygreenHills，northwardbuttressesoftheGiantMountains；itselfstandinglowandlevel，onrichgroundmuchinclinedtobeswampy。Alesserriver，Biele，orBielau，comingfromtheSouth，flowsleisurelyenoughintotheNeisse，——fillingalltheFortressditches，bytheroad。Orchard—growthandmeadow—
growtharelordly（HERRLICH）；alandrichinfruit，andflowingwithmilkandhoney。Muchgiventoweaving，brewing，stocking—
making；and，moreover，tradesgreatlyinthesearticles，andaboveallinWine。YearlyonSt。AgnesDay，"21stJanuary，ifnotaSunday，"thereisaWine—fairhere；Hungarian，ofeveryqualityfromTokaydownward，isgatheredherefordistributionintoGermanyandalltheWesternCountries。WhileyoudrinkyourTokay，knowthatitcomesthroughNeisse。St。AgnesDayfallsbutunhandilythisyear；andIthinktheFairwill，astheysay，AUSBLEIBEN，ornotbeheld。
NeisseisaNestofPriests（PFAFFEN—NEST），saysFriedrichonce；
whichcameinthisway。About600yearsago，anill—conditionedHeir—ApparentoftheLiegnitzSovereigntowhomitthenbelonged，quarrelledwithhisFather，quarrelledslightlywiththeUniverse；
and，aftermopingaboutforsometime，wentintotheChurch。
HavingNeisseforanapanagealreadyhisown，hegaveittotheBishopofBreslau；whose，inspiteoftheoldFather’sprotestings，itcontinued，andcontinues。BishopsofBreslauaremadeverygrandbyit；BishopsofBreslauhavehadtheirowndifficultieshere。Thusonce（inourPerkin—Warbecktime，A。D。1497），aDukeofOppeln，sittinginsomeOfficialConclaveormeetingofmagnateshere，——zealousforcountryprivilege，andfeelinghimselfinsufferablyputupon，——startedup，openlydefiantofOfficialmen；
glaringwrathfullyintoDukeCasimirofTeschen（Bohemian—AustrianCaptainofSilesia），andintotheBishopofBreslauhimself；nayatlast，flashedouthissworduponthosesublimedignitaries。
Forwhich，byandby，hehadtolayhisheadontheblock，inthegreatsquarehere；anddiedpenitent，wehope。
Thisplace，myDryasdustinformsme，hadmanyaccidentsbyfloodageandbyfire；wasseizedandre—seizedintheThirty—YearsWarespecially，atagreatrate:SaxonArnheim，AustrianHolk，SwedishTorstenson；noendtothebatteringandburningpoorNeissehad，tothebigransoms"innewReichs—thalersand300casksofwine。"
Butitalwaysrebuiltitself，andbeganbusinessagain。HowhappywhenitcouldgetundersomeeffectualProtector，oftheLiegnitzline，oftheAustrian—Bohemianline，andthisortheotherbattering，justsuffered，wastobethelastforsometime！——Hereagainisabatteringcomingonit；thefirstofaseriesthatarenowimminent。
ThereaderisrequestedtolookatNeisse；forbesidestheTokaywine，therewillthingsarrivethere。——NeisseRiver，letusagainmention，isoneoffourbearingthatname，andallbelongingtotheOder:——couldnottheybelabelled，then，orNUMBERED，insomeway？
ThisNeisse，whichwecouldcallNeissetheFIRST（andwhichcarefulreadersmayaswellmakeacquaintancewithontheirMap，wheretootheywillfindNeissetheSECOND，"theWUTHENDEorRoaringNeisse，"andtwootherswhichconcernusless），risesinthe"WesternSnow—Mountains（SCHNEEGEBIRGE），"SouthwesternorGlatzdistrictoftheGiantMountains；drainsGlatzCountyandgrowsbigthere；washestheTownofGlatz；theneastwardbyOttmachau，byNeisseTown；whenceturningratherabruptlynorthornortheast，itgetsintotheOdernotfarsouthofBrieg。
NeisseasaPlaceofArms，thechiefFortressofSilesiaandthenearesttoAustria，isextremelydesirableforFriedrich；butthereisnohopeofitwithoutsomekindofSiege；andFriedrichdeterminestotryinthatway。FromOttmachau，accordingly，andfromtheothersides，theSiege—Artillerybeingnowathand，dueforcegathersitselfroundNeisse，Schwerintakingcharge；andforaboveaweekthereisdemonstratingandposting，summoningandparleying；andthen，forthreedays，withpausesintervening，thereisextremelyfuriousbombardment，red—hotattimes:"Willyouyield，then？"——withsteadynegativefromNeisse。Friedrich’squarterisatOttmachau，twelvemilesoff；fromwhichhecanrideover，toseeandsuperintend。Thefuryofhisbombardment，whichnaturallygrievedhim，testifiestheintensityofhiswish。Butitwastonopurpose。TheCommandant，ColonelvonRoth（thesamewhowasproposedforBreslaulately，awiseheadandastout，famedindefences）had"pouredwateronhisramparts，"afterwellrepairingthem，——madehisrampartsalliceandglass；——anddonemuchelse。
Wouldthereadercaretolookforamoment？Here，fromourwastePaper—masses，isabundance，requiringonlytobeabridged:——
"JANUARY，1741:MONDAY，9th—WEDNESDAY，11th。Monday，9th，daywhenthatsputteratOttmachaubegan，——Prussianlight—troopsappearedtransientlyontheheightsaboutNeisse，forthefirsttime。
Directlyonsightofwhom，CommandantRothassembledtheBurghersoftheplace；tookanewOathofFidelityfromoneandall；
admonishedthemtodotheirutmost，astheyshouldseehimdo。
Theable—bodiedandlikeliestofthem（sayabout400）hehashadarrangedintoMilitiaCompanies，withwhatdrilltherecouldbeintheinterim；andsincehiscoming，hasemployedeverymomentinmakingready。Wednesday，llth，helocksalltheGates，andstandsstrictlyonhisguard。TheinhabitantsaremostlyCatholic；withsumptuousBishopsofBreslau，withKREUZHERREN（imaginaryTeutschorotherRitterswithsomerealityofmoney），withJesuitDignitaries，ChurchandQuasi—ChurchOfficialities，residentamongthem:population，highandlow，isinclinedbycreedtotheQueenofHungary。CommandantRothhasonly1，200regularsoldiers；attheoutside1，600menunderarms:buthehasgunpowder，hehasmeal；
experiencealsoandcourage；andhopesthesemaysufficehimforatime。OneofthemostdeterminedCommandants；expertinthedefenceofstrongplaces。AbornSilesian（notSaxon，assomethink），——andisoftheAugsburgConfession；butthatcircumstanceisnotimportanthere，thoughatBreslauBrownethoughtitwas。
"THURSDAY，12th。ThePrussians，inregularforce，appearontheKaninchenBerg（ConyHill，socalledfromitsrabbits），southoftheRiver，evidentlytakingpostthere。Rothfiresasignalshot；
theSouthernSuburbsofNeisse，aspreappointed，goupinflame；
cracklehighandfar；inalamentablemanner（ERBARMLICH），throughthegrimwinterair。"ThisisthedayFriedrichcameovertoOttmachau，andsettledthesputterthere。
"Nextday，andnextagain，thesamephenomenaatNeisse；thePrussiansedgingevernearer，buildingtheirbatteries，preparingtoopentheircannonade。WhereuponRothburnstheremainingSuburbs，withlamentablecrackle；onallsidesnowaremereashes。
Bishop’sMill，FranciscanCloister，Bishop’sPleasure—garden，withitssummer—houses；Bishop’sHospital，andseveralChurches:
Rothcansparenoneofthesethings，withthePrussiansnestlingthere。SurelytheBishophimself，respectableCardinalGrafvonSinzendorf，hadbettergetoutoftheselocalitieswhiletimeyetis？""Saturday，14th，"thatwasthedayFriedrich，atOttmachau，wroteasabovetoJordan（LetterNo。1），whiletheNeisseSuburbscrackledlamentably，twelvemilesoff，"Schweringetsordertobreakup，inperson，fromOttmachanto—morrow，andbeginactualbusinessontheKaninchenHillyonder。
"SUNDAY，15th。Schwerindoes；marchesacrosstheRiver；takespostonthesouthsideofNeisse:notabletotheSundayrustics。